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International introductions of inland aquatic species. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Fisheries Technical Paper 294
... where: K = fish yield (kg/km), B = Biogenic capacity (g/ m 2 ), calculated according to the Welcomme (1988) formula, L = Average width of river (m), where: k1 = temperature coefficient (10ºC = 1.0 y 16 ºC = 2.0), k2 = pH coefficient (acid waters = 1.0 and basic waters = 1.5), k3 = value of species adaptation to the temperature (cold water species = 1.5 and tropical water species = 2.0) ...
... In turn, the biogenic capacity was calculated according to Welcomme (1988): ...
... Benthic biomass (Bb) was estimated based on the weights of the BMI captured in each section of the river system under study. Biogenic capacity (B) was calculated based on the formulas proposed by Welcomme (1988), which are determined according to specific weighting ranges (Table 2). ...
In the past decade, the south of Chile has experienced a considerable increase in recreational fishing, which has brought greater pressure to bear on the ecosystems. One of the more important gaps in recreational fishing management is the availability of a methodological framework that would make it possible to identify and assess areas that are suitable for developing this activity. The purpose of this research is to propose a methodology to evaluate areas with the best potential for the development of recreational fishing. The methodology is based on Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA) and was applied in the hydrographic basins of the Valdivia River and lake Ranco in the Los Ríos Region in the south of Chile. The application of the SMCA methodology made it possible to select six areas with a high potential for recreational fishing, which share suitable characteristics in terms of their assessed attributes: (a) landscape , (b) water quality, (c) biological yield and (d) navigability, among others. The SMCA methodology made it possible to conduct a comprehensive valuation of the natural resources, assessing not only the optimal conditions for recreational fishing but also environmental aspects such as landscape quality and accessibility, which are highly valued and essential to sustain recreational fishing activities. Thus, it is possible to provide support both to the objectives of economic development regarding recreational fishing and the goals of protecting and managing the natural environment.
... Fish invasive species is an environmental problem in all ecosystems of the world (marine, brackish, and freshwater). Welcomme (1981Welcomme ( , 1988 has reviewed the movement of fishes between countries and basins. Exotic fishes have been primarily introduced into the different tributaries of the Tigris-Euphrates River System (TERS) through deliberately or unintentionally anthropogenic activities. ...
... It seems that Hemiculter leucisculus has established self-reliant populations in different water bodies of the Mesopotamia area due to rapid growth rate, high fecundity, and habitat preference (see Rosenthal in : Welcomme 1988;Serov et al. 2006;Coad and Hussain 2007;Thinh et al. 2012). ...
... Common carp is one of the most broadly distributed fish in the world. It is known to be native to Eastern Europe and central Asia, but it has been successfully translocated/introduced into natural waters of all continents except Antarctica (Welcomme 1988). It is also considered as one of the most cultivated carp species (Welcomme 1988). ...
In this paper, 30 exotic fish species belonging to 12 orders and 14 families (Acipenseridae, Atherinidae, Centrarchidae, Cichlidae, Cyprinidae, Esocidae, Gobiidae, Heteropneustidae, Lepisosteidae, Pangasiidae, Percidae, Poecilidae, Salmonidae, Serrasalmidae) are listed from the Tigris-Euphrates River System (TERS) of which four species have not been collected during the last few years. Three species have been recorded in 2019 and their status should be monitored. Some of these fish species (e.g., Captodon zillii, Carassius auratus, C. gibelio, Cyprinus carpio, Gambusia holbrooki, Oreochromis aureus, O. niloticus, Pesudorasbora parva, and Poecilia latipinna) have established breeding populations, become invasive elements. Some other fishes are frequently stocked by the Department of Fisheries (such as Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, H. nobilis, Ctenopharyngodon idella) and few other fishes are infrequently recorded from the natural environments/habitats. The main reasons for these fish introductions are activities like aquaculture, recreational or sport fishing, malaria control, ornamental purposes, scientific researches, demonstration in national fairs, and accidental introduction resulted from the activities of aquarium industries. Pesudorasbora parva was introduced by accident together with the exotic carps and currently is broadly distributed in inland waters. The deliberate release of exotic species is a complex topic that requires considering several different variables. Suitable management approaches to reduce the impacts of biological invasion, include comparative investigations on the biology and life history of both the introduced fishes, and closely related endemic elements with the similar ecological requirements. Tracking of the invasive fishes, study of their ecological interactions with native fishes, and finally public awareness programs are suggested.
... El repoblamiento de peces ha sido una de las acciones de manejo más aplicadas en todo el mundo (Anders, 1998;Garlock et al., 2019;Welcomme, 1988). Su aparición y uso ha estado ligado al hecho de que la pesca es uno de los servicios ecosistémicos más valorados por las comunidades ribereñas alrededor del mundo (Ainsworth et al., 2023;Lynch et al., 2023), junto con el desarrollo y mejoramiento de las técnicas para la reproducción ex-situ de peces (Chen et al., 2012;Hu et al., 2021;National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration Fisheries [NOAA], 2021). ...
... Se utilizaron avances tecnológicos en la cría y transporte de peces, lo que permitió repoblar una gran cantidad de lagos y embalses en Estados Unidos (Patterson, 2015;Rinne & Janish, 1995). En América Latina, a través de programas impulsados por la FAO, se repoblaron cuerpos de agua con especies nativas y no nativas con el fin de aumentar la pesca deportiva, recuperar la fauna nativa y brindar seguridad alimentaria a los habitantes de las zonas rurales (FAO, 1999;Ibáñez & García-Calderón, 2007;Parrado-Sanabria, 2016;Serna-Mendoza et al., 2010;Welcomme, 1988), muchas veces asociado al auge de la construcción de obras hidráulicas desde 1930 (MAGyP, 2011). ...
El repoblamiento de peces ha sido una de las acciones de manejo más aplicadas en todo el mundo para el manejo de pesquerías en declive. Sin embargo, a nivel mundial se han identificado requisitos técnicos para llevar a cabo estas actividades y mejorar su efectividad, que en el caso colombiano están incluidas en la normativa
pesquera desde el 2017.
Objetivo: Discutir el rol que han desempeñado los repoblamientos como estrategia de manejo de las pesquerías en la dilación de la gestión de los ecosistemas acuáticos continentales.
Métodos: Para el periodo 1990-2023 realizamos una búsqueda de publicaciones de carácter técnico y científico en medios electrónicos, usando las palabras clave “repoblamiento pesquero” y “fish stocking”. Buscamos y solicitamos los desembarcos pesqueros y los repoblamientos de peces en Colombia. Calculamos las liberaciones totales y por especies para los sistemas reportados y probamos la eficiencia de la práctica correlacionando las liberaciones con los desembarcos pesqueros con un lag de un año.
Resultados: Existen diferentes términos para describir la liberación intencionada de peces en ecosistemas
acuáticos como práctica de manejo. Su uso puede variar de acuerdo con los objetivos de las liberaciones o por dificultades de traducción del inglés al español. El origen de la práctica está asociado a la pérdida de integridad de los ecosistemas acuáticos en los que habitan especies de interés comercial y económico, pero no suple las acciones de manejo de los ecosistemas impactados. No encontramos relación entre las liberaciones de peces y los desembarcos pesqueros.
Conclusiones: El repoblamiento no ha sido efectivo como medida de manejo de las pesquerías, ya que se ha usado para aumentar artificialmente las poblaciones de peces impactadas por la baja integridad de sus hábitats. Sin impactos reales en las pesquerías, sustenta una idea engañosa de acción, llevándonos por un camino evasivo y dilatorio de nuestras responsabilidades ambientales.
... Following the surveys, fish data were classified into one of five food web classes: herbivore, invertivore, omnivore, macrocarnivore, and planktivore based on data available on www.fishbase.org (Welcomme, 1988;Houde & Zastrow, 1993), a data base by Froese & Pauly (2000). Density was calculated as the total number of individuals per transect (no. of fish/60 m 2 transect). ...
... Values for a and b were obtained for each species on www.fishbase.org (Welcomme, 1988, Houde & Zastrow, 1993. When these values were not available for a particular species, data for a congeneric species were used. ...
Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs) represent unique ecological habitats that range from 30 to 150 m deep, harbouring phylogenetically distinct species and offering refuge for many taxa during times of environmental stress. Yet owing to inaccessibility of ecosystems at these depths, most MCEs remain unexplored, with quantifications of ecological communities in these habitats lacking across many regions. Here, using open-and closed-circuit technical diving, we quantified benthic and fish community composition at four mesophotic reef sites (45 m depth) in Grand Cayman. We show significant differences in benthic community composition over a small spatial scale driven by disparate coverage of sponges, crustose coralline algae, and sand/rubble, yet consistent patterns of macroalgal dominance representing >50% coverage at each site and low hard coral cover at an average of 2.4%. Reef fish species richness, biomass, and density was consistent across sites, however the relative contribution of individual species to community composition differed significantly. Macrocarnivores were found to be the dominant contributors to biomass, with invertivores the most speciose, and omnivores and planktivores at the highest densities, consistent with previous descriptions of mesophotic fish assemblages in other regions. Similarly, the low hard coral cover and high macroalgae and sponge cover of the benthic communities also appear ecologically similar to several described mesophotic reefs yet is not uniform across the Caribbean. The ecological organisation of Grand Cayman's MCEs may result from a variety of factors such as isolation from other major land masses, geology, local geography, and anthropogenic activity at both the local and global scale and highlight the importance of continued exploration and documentation of MCE communities.
... The natural distribution of this species covers all the major basins of the Nilo-Sudanese ichthyofaunal province [76]. Its introduction in the Congo Basin is probably accidental as it escaped from fishponds in the Central African Republic in 1963 [77] and the Republic of the Congo in 1966 [78]. The first catch reports in the Congo Basin are from Pool Malebo in 1965 [79] and Lake Tumba in 1982 [80]. ...
... This could be explained by the presence of falls on the Luvua River in the vicinity of Kalumba that serve, at present, to isolate the Bangweulu-Mweru and (Upper) Lualaba fish faunas. The similarity between the faunas of these two ecoregions can be explained by a former connection between the Lufira and the Luapula rivers [69,77,92,94]. It is now accepted that the Luapula River (Bangweulu-Mweru), with a partially inversed flow, was connected to the Lufira River (Upper Lualaba), via the Palaeo-Kafila River, during the late Pliocene (~2.6 Ma). ...
Citation: Katemo Manda, B.; Snoeks, J.; Chocha Manda, A.; Abwe, E.; Mukweze Mulelenu, C.; Ilunga Kayaba, M.K.; Kiwele Mutambala, P.; Ngoy Kalumba, L.; Vreven, E.J.W.M.N. Abstract: An annotated checklist of the ichthyofauna of the Upemba National Park, draining part of the Upper Lualaba basin and situated in the southern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is presented, based on a literature review, a re-examination of museum collections, and a study of recent collections (2012-2020). In total, 247 native and 1 introduced species, Heterotis niloticus, are reported. The native species belong to 78 genera, 26 families, and 15 orders. Of these, 45 species (18%) are endemic to the park, 35 species (14%) await formal description, and 5 taxa (2%) need further study to clarify their status. With 51 species, the Cyprinidae is by far the most species-rich family, followed by the Mormyridae (26), Mochokidae (26), Alestidae (18), Distichodontidae (18), Amphiliidae (17), and Cichlidae (16). The remaining families are represented by less than 15 species. Comments about the species distribution and the fish fauna shared with adjacent ecoregions are provided. Although the park provides some protection for the fish species living within its borders by limiting human access to the core zone, the annex and buffer zones are both subject to strong anthropogenic pressure. These observations underscore the need for the implementation and further elaboration of fish-related preservation guidelines and plans to enable better protection/conservation of the park's ichthyofauna.
... References. Welcomme, 1988;Ng et al., 1993;Fernando & Phang, 1994;Lever, 1996; (as Poecilia cf. latipinna), 1997b (as P. latippina). ...
... References. Welcomme, 1988;Ng et al., 1993;Lever, 1996;Jaafar et al., 2012. Distribution. ...
A total of 123 species of non-native freshwater fish, including seven possible hybrids, are recorded from the inland waters in Singapore. The majority (84 species, 68.3%) are from four families: Cyprinidae (37 species, 30.1%), Cichlidae (30 species, 24.4%), Osphronemidae (9 species, 7.3%), and Poeciliidae (8 species, 6.5%). Of these, 42 species-mainly cichlids (12 species)-are established in Singapore. The likely pathways of introduction and pertinent conservation issues are briefly discussed. Notes on local distribution, species used for biological control, dubious records, early records of native fish species, ornamental fish trade and aquacultural species are also provided. An addendum is included for four more species.
... Additionally, farmed aquatic animals may serve as vectors for transmitting diseases to wild stocks. Aquaculture is acknowledged as a primary driver for the intentional Leggatt et al. (2018) movement of aquatic species (Welcomme, 1988), and historical evidence indicates that cultured species often escape into the wild. There is a perceived risk associated with hatchery fish introducing poorly adapted genes to the native gene pool i.e. genes adapted to the farm environment but not to the wild (Hindar & Ryman, 1991). ...
Aquaculture stands as a major contributor to global food production and is considered as an important sector in meeting the rising demand for sustainable food. Enhancing genetic traits through breeding initiatives plays a vital role in advancing the standard of aquaculture stocks. The significant value of these programmes in optimizing the utilization of limited feed and land resources is widely acknowledged and endorsed by FAO for the enactment of well-designed genetic improvement programmes. The high reproductive capacity and shorter generation gaps observed in numerous aquaculture species make them as ideal candidates for extensive selection programmes. The remarkable reproductive capability enables a robust selection intensity and numerous traits crucial in aquaculture exhibit substantial levels of additive genetic variation. Additionally, the separate harvesting of eggs and milt, coupled with external fertilization in the majority of candidate species, provides flexibility in designing various breeding strategies. This chapter explores the recent advances in fish breeding technologies as a means to enhance fish production emphasizing on genetic improvement through methods like genomic selection, marker-assisted selection and transgenesis. Future trends and innovations in fish breeding technology are also discussed which offer insights into the dynamic landscape of this evolving field.
... It can thrive in a variety of aquatic habitats. It is an adaptable species that can live in low-oxygen environments and dynamically adapt to changes in the environment (Welcomme, 1988;Singh and Lakra, 2011). The species has a strong dentition that can cause serious bites to people and other aquatic animals as well as damage to fishing gears like gill and cast nets (Singh and Lakra, 2011), which exerts a significant negative economic impact on local fishermen. ...
An exotic, red-bellied fish pacu also known as Roopchand or Pirapitinga, Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) is sold as a freshwater pomfret and possesses pomfret-like characteristics. P. brachypomus is a highly valued ornamental and aquaculture fish species. In this study, P. brachypomus is reported for the first time from the Wainganga River at Kardha, Bhandara district, Maharashtra. The species was encountered near Kardha village (21 ° 082 52.25" N latitude and 79 ° 402 10.20" E longitude) of Bhandara district, eastern part of Maharashtra. In the present study, three specimens, ranging in length and weight from 300.51mm to 314.73mm and 305.62 to 346.12 g respectively, were caught using a gill net from the open waters of the river. The probable reasons for the catch may be accidental entry into the river or there may be an established viable population. This study aims to provide information on P. brachypomus, an aquarium ornamental fish species, collected in the open waters of the tropical Wainganga River.
... In Zimbabwe, negative impacts of introduced trout on native fish and macroinvertebrates have also been reported (Kadye et al., 2013). These ecological effects of introduced trout have mainly been reported in South Africa, but similar effects have likely occurred in other countries where trout introductions have been successful, such as Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar and Swaziland (Welcomme, 1988). ...
Knowledge of the trophic structure and the major energy sources supporting metazoan production are important considerations for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. African streams and rivers face multiple stressors from agricultural intensification, deforestation, and municipal and industrial effluents coupled with uncontrolled water abstractions. Yet, the effects of these influences on ecosystem structure and functioning are poorly understood. In this chapter, we review the trophic dynamics of African riverine ecosystems with a focus on trophic structure, the major sources of energy supporting food webs, and the influence of human activities. While much of the data used for this review are from African studies, we also reference other studies in the tropics for comparison and to fill existing knowledge gaps. Based on available information, autochthony, short food chains, and an increased tendency toward omnivory characterize food webs in African streams and rivers. However, trophic interactions and dynamics in these systems are witnessing changes caused by human activities. Changes in trophic diversity and dynamics include shifts from allochthony to autochthony following the deforestation of forested headwater streams, top-down control of local fish and invertebrate populations caused by introduced predatory fish such as trout, and shrinkage of trophic niche sizes caused by land use change. Despite these developments, studies on food web structure and trophic dynamics are very limited in low-order streams, and we have identified future research needs that need to be addressed to fill knowledge gaps that would hinder biodiversity conservation and effective management of riverine ecosystems in African rivers, including their fisheries.
... Therefore, the present work is designed to investigate cell death induced by aspirin at environmentally realistic concentrations (1, 10, and 100 µg/L) in the liver of the fish, Labeo rohita. The fish, L. rohita (family-Cyprinidae; order-Cypriniforms) is one of the natural inhabitant species of the riverine system of northern central India, and the rivers of Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar (Welcomme 1988). Besides this, it is most important among three Indian major carp species used in carp polyculture systems and a preferable food fish in the Indian subcontinent (Hamilton 1822). ...
Aspirin is one of the most frequently detected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in aquatic environments. Despite its prevalence, toxicity possessed by aspirin to non-target organisms like fish is poorly explored. In the present study, cell death induced by different concentrations of aspirin (1, 10, and 100 µg/L) has been investigated in the liver of fish, Labeo rohita exposed for 28 days. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in the density of caspase-3 positive cells in a dose and duration-dependent manner assessed through immunofluorescent staining indicates caspase-dependent pathway of cell death which may be either through intrinsic or extrinsic pathway. The flow cytometric analysis, in addition, revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decline in the live cells and an increase in apoptotic cells in the liver of fish exposed to aspirin. Cell death due to apoptosis is further indicated by a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the Kupffer cells and tumor necrosis factor-α. The decrease in the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme significantly (p < 0.05) in all three exposure concentrations of aspirin suggests COX-dependent pathway of cell death. The present study provides in-depth insights into aspirin-induced cell death in the liver of fish at environmentally realistic concentrations.
... It can thrive in a variety of aquatic habitats. It is an adaptable species that can live in low-oxygen environments and dynamically adapt to changes in the environment (Welcomme, 1988;Singh and Lakra, 2011). The species has a strong dentition that can cause serious bites to people and other aquatic animals as well as damage to fishing gears like gill and cast nets (Singh and Lakra, 2011), which exerts a significant negative economic impact on local fishermen. ...
An exotic red-bellied fish pacu also known as Roopchand or Pirapitinga, Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) is sold as a freshwater pomfret and possesses pomfret-like characteristics. P. brachypomus is a highly valued ornamental and aquaculture fish species. In this study, P. brachypomus is reported for the first time from the Wainganga River at Kardha, Bhandara district, Maharashtra. The species was encountered near Kardha village (21 ° 082 52.25" N latitude and 79 ° 402 10.20" E longitude) of Bhandara district, eastern part of Maharashtra. In the present study, three specimens, ranging in length and weight from 300.51mm to 314.73mm and 305.62 to 346.12 g respectively, were caught using a gill net from the open waters of the river. The probable reasons for the catch may be accidental entry into the river or there may be an established viable population. This study aims to provide information on P. brachypomus, an aquarium ornamental fish species, collected in the open waters of the tropical Wainganga River.
... and other endemic species shown in Table 1.1 (Swartz et al., 2004;Tweddle et al., 2009;Darwall et al., 2009;Marr et al., 2012;Shelton et al., 2015). Trout is widely introduced globally due to its popularity as an angling fish, with only the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Nile perch (Lates niloticus) being more widely introduced (Welcomme, 1988). Outside its native range, trout have been introduced to at least 97 countries, and to every continent except Antarctica (Leprieur et al., 2008). ...
... The common carp Cyprinus carpio Linneus, 1758, is a widely distributed freshwater cyprinid fish (Economids, 1991). Because of its high growth rate and ability to resist harsh climatic conditions, the fish has been successfully introduced into freshwaters all over the world (Welcomme, 1988;Seegers et al., 2003). Ensuring consistent production of the species in aquaculture requires effective reproduction management, which in turn demands a thorough understanding of sperm characteristics, including both physical and biochemical characteristics. ...
Evaluating gamete quality in fish is vital for aquaculture success. This study explores how the habitat, whether wild or farmed, affects the physical and biochemical composition of scale carp seminal fluid. Understanding these factors is essential for assessing the reproductive capabilities of fish species. The seminal plasma contained 70.64±10.75 mg dl-1 glucose, 1.99±1.15g dl-1 total protein, 12.99±5.6 mg dl-1 triglyceride, 5.98±0.629 mg dl-1 cholesterol and 25.22±4.047 mg dl-1 urea in wild conditions, whereas in farmed conditions, the seminal plasma contained 85.06±9.29 mg dl-1 glucose, 0.917±0.62 g dl-1 total protein, 12.3±5.22 mg dl-1 triglyceride, 5.53±1.161 mg dl-1 cholesterol and 28.4±5.75 mg dl-1 urea. The physical parameters like mean sperm volume, mean sperm motility, mean movement duration, mean sperm density and mean pH recorded in the in the wild fishes were 2.393±1.64 ml, 75.038±10.162%, 50.367±13.92, 3.534±.272 109 ml and 8.29±.494, while the parameters in farmed fishes were 1.486±0.88 ml, 68.9±12.46%, 44.66±13.48 s, 3.84±0.181109 ml and 8.5±0.311 respectively. In correlation matrix, the sperm volume (R2=0.247, p<0.01), pH (R2=0.059, p<0.01) and total protein (R2=0.1882, p<0.01) showed significant positive correlations with sperm motility. Wild brooders outperformed cultured counterparts in several aspects, viz., milt volume, sperm motility percentage, duration, total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol levels. However, cultured males exhibited elevated glucose and urea concentrations, possibly indicating stress from captivity, handling, or confinement and increased urea due to ammonia in ponds. These findings underscore the importance of considering these parameters in standardising artificial fertilisation or cryopreservation techniques for common carp spermatozoa.
... Otra importante amenaza son las especies invasoras, las cuales tienen un fuerte impacto en las especies nativas a través de la depredación y la competencia por los recursos. Según Welcomme (1988) y Vales et al. (1998, en Cuba se reconoce la existencia de 21 de estas especies en los ecosistemas de agua dulce. Sin embargo, un estudio reciente reveló que esta cifra es mucho mayor (Álvarez, 2013), de hecho se estima que hay más de 14 especies de peces introducidos en ecosistemas cubanos de agua dulce. ...
... It is a carnivorous species and an opportunistic feeder (similar to other species of the genus Umbra; Tabor et al. 2014), whose diet includes a variety of taxa, such as insects, crustaceans or small fish (Kuehne and Olden 2014). A century ago, U. pygmaea was introduced into Western Europe (Dederen et al. 1986;Welcomme 1988;Froese and Pauly 2023). Nowadays, established populations are known in at least six European countries, including Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, France, and Poland (Verreycken et al. 2010). ...
The East American mudminnow Umbra pygmaea was introduced to Europe a century ago and is now established in at least six European countries. Although considered harmless and with low spread potential, this fish species shows potential to colonise a broad range of habitats due to its wide environmental tolerance. Stomach content analyses were conducted over 3 years to obtain a first insight into this species' diet, which could indicate the potential to alter the biotic composition of recipient ecosystems. The results showed that this fish can potentially have a high impact on insects, fish, and even amphibians through predation. Species distribution models further indicated that environmental conditions of Central European ecoregions are currently a limiting factor for the spread of this species which seems, at least for now, to be driven by anthro-pogenically driven introductions. Considering the species' potential to be invasive and impact native biota, monitoring of potential spread is recommended.
... Exotic species refers to non-native fish species either within the study's region (SP, BNL, and DK) or Europe; Table S7: Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions (PERMDISP) and W*d analyses assessing the effects of turbidity, total phosphorus, lake size, lake connectivity, and presence of exotic fish on group dispersion and on group location between environmental categories within each region (DK = Denmark, BNL = Belgium and The Netherlands, SP = Spain). References [103][104][105][106][107][108] ...
The beta diversity among lakes is affected by natural environmental sorting, dispersal constraints, and anthropogenic disturbances. We hypothesized that fish beta diversity would increase towards lower latitudes and be higher in less disturbed lakes at within-region scale, but environmental disturbances could affect these patterns due to community homogenization or heterogenization (e.g., gain of exotic species) among lakes. We used generalized dissimilarity modeling to assess the relative importance of geographic distance, climate, and environmental heterogeneity on fish beta diversity across Denmark, Belgium/The Netherlands, and Spain. We also tested whether differences in beta diversity changed between lake types (e.g., clear vs. turbid lakes and lakes with vs. without exotics fish) within-region and across latitude. Beta diversity increased from Denmark to Spain and geographic distance and climate variability were the main drivers of community change across latitude, but the rate of change varied between lake types. At the within-region scale, factors such as turbidity, lake size, and presence of exotics had varying impacts on beta diversity (i.e., increasing, decreasing, or no effect) across the three regions. Our findings suggest that understanding the effects of environmental disturbances on beta diversity requires consideration of both biogeographic and local factors.
... Piasecki et al. (2004) indicated that L. cyprinacea was co-introduced into South America at the beginning of the 20 th century, along with the translocation of specimens of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 (the common carp). However, it is likely that co-introduction of the parasite occurred long before this, since records of carp introduction in Argentina date back to the 19 th century (Ringuelet et al., 1967;Welcomme, 1988). In Argentina this copepod has spread, and is now widely distributed, with formal records in several provinces (Gilbert et al., 1993;Man-cini et al., 2008;Plaul et al., 2010;Biolé et al., 2012;Ramallo and Terán, 2014;Waicheim et al., 2017Waicheim et al., , 2019Soares et al., 2018). ...
The cosmopolitan invasive copepod Lernaea cyprinacea has spread rapidly into Argentin-ean Patagonia. Specimens of Galaxias maculatus and Cnesterodon decemmaculatus were analyzed from an ichthyologic collection. These two infected fishes by L. cyprinacea enlarge the list of natural hosts in Argentina. The presence of this parasite could represent a threat to fish populations and environmental health due to its pathogenicity.
... Aquatic species have been introduced for several reasons, namely to establish fisheries (commercial and sport) and for aquaculture, as forage for other important species, control of unwanted organisms (aquatic vegetation, mosquitos, snails, blooms of phytoplankton, other fish) and accidental (Welcomme, 1988;Coad, 1996;Cowx 1999;Innal, 2012). ...
In July 2017, three specimens of an alien fish species were caught by the amateur fishermen in Kızılırmak River at Sivas city center. One of the fish specimens was taken from the fishermen for ichthyologic examination. The morphological, metric (23 features) and meristic characters (13 features) of this specimen were determined. The alien fish is with ovoid shape and flattened laterally. Mouth is in a sub-ventral position. The tooth row is double. Teeth formula are 3,2 / 2,3 (at first row on maxil) and 2 / 2 (at second row on maxil), 3,3 / 3,4 (at first row on mandibul), 1,1 (at second row on mandibul). The number of rakers on the first gill arch is 33. The scale numbers in line lateral are 107 (on right side) and 103 (on left side). The number of branched rays of dorsal, anal, pectoral, and ventral fins are 14, 24, 14, and 7; respectively. As a result of the evaluation of morphological, metric and meristic characters, it was decided that the alien fish caught from Kızılırmak was Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) belonging to the Characidae family. This species is also called as the small-scaled pacu. P. mesopotamicus is not among to native fish fauna of Kızılırmak. It is a fish species which originated from South America and is a tropical freshwater fish. These alien fish specimens which were caught by the amateur fishermen, probably translocated from a hobbyist aquarium to this aquatic system. Both directly and indirectly, invasive fishes affect a wide range of native organisms from zooplankton to mammals across multiple levels of biological organizations ranging from the genome to the ecosystem. This study is the first scientific record for Sivas aquatic systems related to alien fish species.
... Piasecki et al. (2004) indicated that L. cyprinacea was co-introduced into South America at the beginning of the 20 th century, along with the translocation of specimens of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 (the common carp). However, it is likely that co-introduction of the parasite occurred long before this, since records of carp introduction in Argentina date back to the 19 th century (Ringuelet et al., 1967;Welcomme, 1988). In Argentina this copepod has spread, and is now widely distributed, with formal records in several provinces (Gilbert et al., 1993;Man-cini et al., 2008;Plaul et al., 2010;Biolé et al., 2012;Ramallo and Terán, 2014;Waicheim et al., 2017Waicheim et al., , 2019Soares et al., 2018). ...
... Members of the family Centrarchidae exhibit a notably slow rate of hybrid inviability (Bolnick and Near 2005) and may display a higher incidence of hybridization than any other freshwater fish family (Bolnick 2009). Centrarchids, particularly those in the genus Micropterus, are stocked in lakes and reservoirs throughout North America as well as internationally (Welcomme 1988;Nakai 1999;Ellender et al. 2014;Long et al. 2015). The result has been substantial hybridization among Micropterus species. ...
Objective
Introductions of Florida Bass Micropterus floridanus (FB) to Texas resulted in prevalent hybridization with Largemouth Bass M. salmoides (LB) and the creation of hybrid‐dominated fisheries. However, little was known about the size potential of these hybrids relative to each other or relative to the parental taxa.
Methods
Sampling of these taxa and their hybrids in Texas (populations = 166; n = 8685) and genotyping at taxon‐diagnostic microsatellite loci facilitated comparisons of allele and genotype frequencies among weight‐classes.
Result
Results indicated that per capita, fish that were 100% FB were much more likely to attain moderate (≥3.63‐kg) to large (≥5.9‐kg) size than any other genotype in the species complex. Among hybrids, F 1 genotypes were likely to reach moderate to large sizes at rates similar to hybrids with high levels of FB alleles; otherwise, the likelihood of reaching large size scaled positively with levels of FB alleles. Hybrids with <50% FB alleles and fish that were 100% LB were almost non‐existent in the moderate and large size‐classes. A case study in Lake Fork ( n = 510) provided similar results, although F 1 genotypes were more likely to reach large size than any other hybrid.
Conclusion
These findings provide evidence for positive size‐related heterosis in the F 1 generation and suggest that absent heterotic effects, size potential in hybrids is driven by many small additive‐effect loci.
... Largemouth black bass serves as a good example of a non-native predatory fish that has produced a cascade of impacts on local biodiversity, food web structure and ecosystem function.[136][137][138] Now it has been introduced into more than 49 countries for recreational fishing and aquaculture,43,139 and has become a successful invader on a global scale, currently being listed as one of the '100 worst invasive alien species'.140 In China, largemouth black bass was first introduced to Taiwan Province for aquaculture in the 1970 s, and then from Taiwan to Guangdong in 1983.141 ...
Aquaculture, especially of non‐native species and translocated domestic species, is a greatly encouraged way of relieving the conflicts between food and economic demand and resource depletion. We herein summarized the introduction history of non‐native fish for aquacultural use in China, including 105 species introduced from abroad and 61 species translocated domestically across river basins, which has brought great economic benefits but high ecological risks. Of these, one‐fourth have successfully established wild populations in natural waters and 15% have successfully invaded. We presented specific examples of seven aquaculture species/taxa and three aquarium species/taxa to explain their outcomes. The notable economic benefits, complex species composition and strain selection of tilapias, carps and sturgeons may together facilitate their invasion, and result in fish diversity decline, genetic pollution, and loss of ecosystem service. We specifically reviewed invasion cases in lakes and reservoirs and found that lakes in western China and reservoirs made by major hydroprojects are hotspots for non‐native species, and this has led to the disappearance of endemic species and changes to the original faunal composition. The escaped non‐native fish introduced via aquaculture has changed the original fish biogeography, resulting in the loss of assemblage uniqueness and causing faunal homogeneity. China has achieved significant progress in completing the Aichi Targets by improving the legal system and strengthening conservational actions on controlling non‐native species. Further actions, especially on risk assessment and management of non‐native species are expected for a healthy outlook for the aquaculture industry of China.
... The indigenous Indian Major Carps (IMCs) namely catla (Labeo catla), rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) are natural inhabitants of the Ganga riverine network in North India and rivers of Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Burma, consequently transplanted into other rivers in central and peninsular India and imported by many other countries such as Thailand, Vietnam, Laos (Welcomme, 1988;Reddy, 1999). They contribute to about 87 % of the total freshwater aquaculture production of the country and therefore comprise significant components in composite fish farming in India (Bais, 2018). ...
Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags have been popularly used in identification of individual fish, stock, full-sib and half-sib families, year class and generations in aquaculture selective breeding programs. This study has been conducted on genetically improved Indian Major Carps (IMCs), improved rohu (Jayanti) and improved catla to compare PIT tagging of different size taggable fingerlings with respect to post tagging survival and tag retention. Six groups of improved rohu (Jayanti) and improved catla fingerlings with weight ranging from 10 to 150 g were tagged with PIT tags and mortality was recorded after 24 h. The overall mortality was thus found to be 3 % and 15 % in rohu and catla respectively. In rohu, 3 % mortality was observed after tagging in both small size fish ( 20 g) with no significant difference whereas in catla, mortality in small size fish ( 20 g) (p
... Twelve exotic fish have already been reported from the country's open waters. It is not known whether any one has established breeding population in the wild, though five of them, the specially treated ones here, have already established, on introduction, breeding populations in both tropical and temperate countries (Welcomme 1988;van der Lee et al. 2017;Froese and Pauly 2019). It is generally regarded that a harmful consequence of introduction is the increasing homogenization of the distribution of species on Earth (Lövei 1997), though at the expense of indigenous species, at least partly, with the consequent reduction in global species diversity (McNeely 2001). ...
Multiple stressors including biological invasion have long been recognised in conservation of freshwater fish biodiversity. Works in this line have, however, been still scanty in Asia and South America – the continents known for rich biodiversity. In this study, the first of its type in Bangladesh, impacts of exotic fish and declining habitats on native fishes have been investigated. Regression and correlation analyses of 16 years production data of ponds, practically the only habitat where exotic fish are cultured commonly with indigenous ones, reveals that a maximum of 25% of the abundance decrease of native fish could be due to the effects of five commonly cultured exotic fish. Rest of the decline might largely be due to shrinkage, degradation, and destruction of habitats. Inland habitats other than ponds shrink, commonly, by about 80 % during the dry season, and most rivers are heavily polluted except for the brief mid rainy season. Decline in native fish populations may result in reduced genetic diversity. Another potential danger is the probable genetic introgression from the less fit hatchery-originated fish with the wild ones. The study concludes that the native freshwater fishes are endangered by declining habitats, exotic fishes, genetic consequences of hatchery supplementation
... which serves as a registry of international introductions, i.e., introductions across international borders. DIAS was initiated in the early 1980s, when it considered only freshwater species and formed the basis for the 1988 FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 294 (Welcomme 1988). Today DIAS has been expanded to include additional taxa, such as molluscs and crustaceans, and marine species. ...
Golden apple snail (GAS) history, taxonomy, control efforts, and country by country status in 2006, including South and Southeast Asia and Hawai'i.
... Süveyş Kanalı'nın açılmasıyla ülkemiz sularına giriş yapmış olan Equulites klunzingeri türüne ait juvenil bireylerde bu çalışmada tespit edilmiştir. Yabancı balıkların yeni ekosistemlere taşınması ekosistem yapısında bozulmaya, predasyon ve türler arası rekabete, genetik yapıda değişime, hastalık ve parazitlerin taşınmasına ve doğal türlerin kaybına neden olmaktadır (Welcomme, 1988). ...
While transitional waters create important areas for fish breeding, feeding and growth, these are also the areas where the physiological preparation for migration is made. Transitional waters allow juvenile fish to grow faster. Juvenile fish predation is also considerably lower than in the marine environment, as large carnivorous fish are less common in transitional waters than in open seas. In this respect, transitional waters represent important protection areas for juveniles. For the protection and long-term management of fish stocks of transitional waters, it is necessary to identify the fish species living in these systems and to know the human activities affecting the fauna. In this study, the systematic status of juvenile fish species, habitat categories, population sources and risk categories of the Manavgat, Göksu, Seyhan and Ceyhan transitional waters on the Mediterranean coasts of Turkey were determined, and human activities affecting natural fish species and their results were evaluated. During the study, a total of 28 juvenile species were identified in transitional waters. 7 (25%) of these species are found to be common in the transitional waters of 4 river systems. Marine species are represented by more juvenile species in the transition waters of Manavgat, Göksu, Seyhan and Ceyhan rivers.
... It is endemic to South China and Vietnam and was, until a few populations were found in the 2000s, thought to be extinct within its native range since 1980 (Chan and Chen, 2009). Ta. albonubes have established feral populations in other bioregions, including Colombia (Welcomme, 1988), Madagascar (Stiassny and Raminosoa, 1994), and Australia (Corfield et al., 2008). Based on its temperature tolerance, import frequency, and invasion history, Ta. albonubes can be considered to have a high likelihood of establishment in New Zealand, as it has in other temperate bioregions including Canada's Great Lakes region (Rixon et al., 2005). ...
The aquatic ornamental species (AOS) trade is a significant pathway for the introduction and establishment of non-indigenous species into aquatic environments. The likelihood of such occurrences is expected to increase worldwide as industry growth continues and warmer conditions emerge under future climate scenarios. This study used recent (2015 – 2019) New Zealand importation data to determine the composition, diversity, abundance, and arrival frequency of AOS. Our analysis revealed that ca. 300,000 aquatic ornamental individuals are imported annually to New Zealand, with freshwater fish comprising 98% of import quantities. Despite the relatively small market size, the estimated AOS diversity of 865 taxa (89 and 9.5% identified to species and genus level, respectively) is comparable to larger markets with ∼60% of taxa being of marine origin. Species (n = 20) for further investigation were prioritized based on quantity and frequency of import. These prioritized AOS were exclusively tropical and subtropical freshwater fish and align with the most frequently imported AOS globally, including the top three: neon tetra (Paracheirodon innesi), guppy (Poecilia reticulata), and tiger barb (Puntigrus tetrazona). Species distribution modeling of the 20 prioritized AOS predicted that 13 species are suitable for New Zealand’s current climate conditions, most notably sucker-belly loach (Pseudogastromyzon myersi), white cloud mountain minnow (Tanichthys albonubes), and golden otocinclus (Macrotocinclus affinis). Potential changes in habitat suitability were predicted under future climate scenarios, with largest increases (29%) for Po. reticulata. The described approach provides an adaptable framework to assess establishment likelihood of imported AOS to inform regulatory decision making.
... The latter species corresponds to the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852), which stands out for its capacity and adaptation to colonize coastal marine ecosystems, due to its extraordinary adaptive plasticity (Costa-Pierce et al. 2003, Peŕez et al. 2006). Native to Southeastern Africa, Oreochromis mossambicus has been introduced mainly for aquaculture purposes, but also for aquarism, in about 112 countries, of which, in at least 101 countries (13 from Africa, one from Europe, 25 from Asia, 23 from Oceania and 32 from America including Venezuela), this species has become established with great success (Trewavas 1982, 1983, Welcomme 1988, Canonico et al. 2005, Bills 2019, Brosse et al. 2021). However, due to its negative effects on native fauna and ecosystems, such as predation, competition, displacement and extinction of native species, changes in the speci8ic composition and trophic structure of communities, generalized loss of biodiversity in the ecosystem, destruction and habitat alteration, hybridization with species of the same or relative genus (only in Africa) and transfer of parasites and diseases (Canonico et al. 2005, Cassemiro et al. 2018, Wilson 2019, it has been listed as one of the 100 worst invasive alien species in the world (Lowe et al. 2004). ...
Some structural and population aspects of the fish community of Laguna de Los Mártires, a small positive estuary (1.9-25 PSU), located on Isla de Margarita, in the Southeast Caribbean Sea, were studied. During a year of monthly sampling at five stations, only 10 fish species were recorded. Of these, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852), was the only one caught in all seasons throughout the year, with higher abundance (39.8%) and relative biomass (54.3%), frequency of occurrence (100%) and Importance Valuation Index (194.1). The invasive success of this species was also evidenced by a high abundance of juveniles (65%), continuous reproduction and rapid growth. Its effects on the native fish community was also observed in the ecological indices, with low values of Species Richness (S: 1-6 species), Diversity (H: 0-0.94) and Equity (J: 0.13-0.54), and high Community Dominance Index (CDI: 0.4-0.9). A high anthro-pogenic impact was also observed in the Laguna de Los Mártires, due to the contamination of the waters and physical modification of the habitat. This characterizes a highly deteriorated ecosystem, with a poor fish community, product of the synergy between the dominance of O. mossambicus over the native fish community, as well as the alteration of the habitat (invasive meltdown). Systematic extraction of the population of this invader in the lagoon is recommended to improve the environmental conditions of this ecosystem and the recovery of the biota.
Cite as:
Rodríguez, E. E. Ron, I. Mikolji, J. L. Fuentes, & O. M. Lasso-Alcalá. (2021). Invasive Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), dominates Southeastern Caribbean Sea island estuary. Memoria De La Fundación La Salle De Ciencias Naturales, 79(188), 75–104. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5801302
... Introduction of non-native fish species is a major stressor in aquatic ecosystems (Welcomme 1988;Dieleman et al. 2021). A prime example for this is the introduction of tilapiine species to natural waters worldwide for aquaculture, which has, subsequently, resulted in a decline of native fish populations and their local extinctions (Canonico et al. 2005). ...
Feeding ecology and seasonal diet variation between a non-native (Oreochromis mossambicus) and two native cichlids (Etroplus suratensis and Pseudetroplus maculatus) in a tropical estuary was studied. E. suratensis and O. mossambicus fed predominately on blue green algae, whereas P. maculatus preferred aquatic insects. Trophic niche breadth analysis showed that P. maculatus had a broader diet spectrum than did E. suratensis and O. mossambicus. Feeding strategy analysis through dominant prey items showed that E. suratensis and O. mossambicus preferred blue green algae, whereas P. maculatus relied mostly on animal diet (mainly insects), highlighting food segregation shown by this species compared with the other two large-growing cichlids. The highest diet overlap index value was recorded between E. suratensis and O. mossambicus (0.83), compared with P. maculatus and O. mossambicus (0.69), and E. suratensis and P. maculatus (0.64). Intensity of trophic interdependence among the three cichlids showed that the two, large growing species share available food resources, whereas the smaller species considerably alters its food preference.
... Fishes are one of the aquatic groups which have been widely introduced and translocated. The movement of fishes between countries was reviewed by Welcomme (1988). Non-native species were initially introduced into ecosystems in Iran through humanrelated activities, either deliberately or unintentionally. ...
Iran has an area of 1,623,779 km2 and, in terms of size, is believed to be the second and fourteenth country in South-west Asia and in the world, respectively (Mostafavi et al. 2015; Coad 2018). The largest proportion of Iran is located in an average altitude of about 1000 m. The main highlands consist of four distinct mountainous regions: Alborz in the north; Kopet-Dagh and north Khorasan ranges in the north-east; Zagros in the west and south-west; and Jebal Barez and Baluchestan mountains in the central to south-east (Fig. 52.1) (Zehzad et al. 2002; Rahimi 2011).
... Giant gourami is an economically important freshwater commodity and a popular indigenous species in Indonesia. It is widely cultured in Java and Sumatera (Welcomme, 1988;Setijaningsih et al., 2007;Azrita & Syandri, 2015). The production of giant gourami has expanded in Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and iniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Nocardia sp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Flavobacterium sp., and Mycobacterium fortuitum (Kitao et al., 1989;Lusiastuti et al., 2008;Purwaningsih & Taukhid, 2010;Minaka et al., 2012). ...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of banana (Musa paradisiaca) midrib extract supplementation as preventive and curative treatments of motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS) on giant gourami (Osphronemus gouramy). Disc diffusion assay was conducted to evaluate antibacterial activity of banana midrib extract against Aeromonas hydrophila. The most effective dose was used for subsequent tests. Experimental fish were categorized into five groups: negative control; positive control; and preventive, curative, and controlling treatments. Except negative control, all groups were challenged by A. hydrophila at a density of 107 CFU mL−1 (0.1 mL per fish). Preventive, curative, and controlling treatment groups were administered the banana midrib extract-enriched diet (3%), whereas positive and negative controls were not treated with banana midrib extract. The results showed that banana midrib extract inhibited A. hydrophila activity in giant gourami, demonstrated by lower A. hydrophila numbers in preventive, curative, and controlling treatments than those in the positive control. After the challenge test in the fish treated with banana midrib extract, immunity parameters were better than those of the positive control. Banana midrib extract was highly effective as a curative agent against MAS in giant gourami based on the highest survival of the experimental fish compared with other treatments.
... Common carp has been introduced to aquaculture in almost all regions with suitable environmental conditions. This freshwater fish is currently one of the most widely cultured aquaculture species in the world (FAO-FIGIS, 2020;FAO, 2007;Welcomme, 1988). ...
At least three subspecies of the common carp, namely, Cyprinus carpio carpio, C. carpio haematopterus, and C. carpio viridiviolaceus, have been described to date. These subspecies natively inhabit Ponto-Caspian and Far Eastern regions, as well as northern Vietnam, but they have also been introduced into aquaculture in almost every region of the world where the environmental conditions are suitable. Moreover, common carp is one of the most widely cultured freshwater fish species in the world. In northern Vietnam, common carp fisheries and aquacultural production are of great economic importance. Investigation of the subspecies distribution among aquacultured and wild common carps is important for understanding the impact of human economic activity, such as aquaculture production, on the environment. In the present study, double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) was used to estimate the genetic impact of aquaculture carps on the wild common carp populations of northern Vietnam. Our work reveals that a part of wild carp populations has a significant contribution to farmed fish ancestry. For some populations, this contribution exceeds 25% of the population ancestry, but the ancestry value is distributed across most specimens of the populations, whereas pure aquaculture specimens are quite uncommon for wild habitats.
... Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss are among the most widely introduced fishes in the world, with stockings beyond their native range for the purpose of recreational angling occurring as early as the 1860s (Welcomme 1988;Jenkins and Burkhead 1994). Beginning in the late 1930s, hypolimnetic releases from dams operated for hydropower provided new, altered habitats in downstream tailwaters that could support salmonids in areas where waters previously exceeded lethal temperatures (25°C; Cherry et al. 1977) during summer (Axon 1975;USFWS 1984;Biagi and Brown 1997;Krause et al. 2005). ...
Tailwater trout fisheries provide popular and unique opportunities for anglers across the southeastern USA but often suffer from high mortality and low returns to creel. The Sipsey Fork tailwater in Alabama provides such an opportunity and is stocked monthly with Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. However, a recent creel survey found that less than 25% of fish stocked each month were harvested, with the fate of remaining fish unknown. Thus, movement patterns and fates of four cohorts of stocked Rainbow Trout were examined in the Sipsey Fork using radiotelemetry. Ninety‐two tagged Rainbow Trout travelled an average of 5.8 km (SE = 0.7 km) away from their stocking location. Dam operation rarely appeared to influence trout movement. However, tagged Rainbow Trout rapidly dispersed below where most angler access was located; more than 40% of fish locations were found in this area by 3 weeks poststocking in three of four cohorts. Overall, only 30% of tagged Rainbow Trout remained alive 5 weeks after stocking. Rainbow Trout survival during this 5‐week period ranged from 11% to 74% across cohorts, and those stocked in January exhibited greater survival than those stocked in June or October. Factors affecting trout movement and mediating Rainbow Trout survival may include Striped Bass Morone saxatilis predation, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentrations during certain times of the year. Efforts to mitigate such factors by altering stocking schedules could increase longevity of stocked Rainbow Trout and therefore maximize availability of fish to anglers. However, the propensity of stocked fish to migrate below the area of public access will continue to limit catch and harvest from this fishery.
... Due to such geographical bias, not all species' invasion histories have been documented. Moreover, some species were only reported as introduced for the first time and consequently have no invasion history [84]. Thus, the usefulness of invasion history as a predictor is reduced although it may potentially be a strong predictor of establishment. ...
Biological invasions have created detrimental impacts in freshwater ecosystems. As non-native freshwater species include economically beneficial, but also harmful, species, trait-based risk assessments can be used to identify and prevent the import of potentially invasive species. Freshwater fishes are one of the most evaluated freshwater taxa to date. However, such assessments have mostly been done in sub-temperate to temperate regions, with a general lack of such research in the tropics. In view of this knowledge gap, this study aims to determine if a different set of traits are associated with successful establishment of non-native fishes within the tropics. In tropical Southeast Asia, Singapore represents a suitable model site to perform an invasive species trait-based risk assessment for the tropical region given its susceptibility to the introduction and establishment of non-native freshwater fishes and lack of stringent fish import regulation. A quantitative trait-based risk assessment was performed using random forest to determine the relative importance of species attributes associated with the successful establishment of introduced freshwater fishes in Singapore. Species having a match in climate, prior invasion success, lower absolute fecundity, higher trophic level, and involvement in the aquarium trade were found to have higher establishment likelihood (as opposed to native distributional range and maximum size being among the commonly identified predictors in subtropical/temperate trait-based risk assessments). To minimize invasive risk, incoming freshwater fishes could be screened in future for such traits, allowing lists of prohibited or regulated species to be updated. The findings could also potentially benefit the development of invasive species action plans and inform management decisions in the Southeast Asian region. Considering a geographical bias in terms of having relatively less documentation of biological invasions in the tropics, particularly Asia, this study highlights the need to perform more of such risk assessments in other parts of the tropics.
... Sin embargo, la presencia de salmonídeos sobre estas barreras en el río, se debería a liberaciones de carácter espontáneas por parte de pescadores locales, desarrolladas durante la década de 1990, con el objetivo de generar un área de recreación de pesca deportiva, según lo relatado por los mismos lugareños. Actividad que se ha realizado a través del tiempo en los distintos sistemas fluviales y lacustres en el país (Basulto 2003) y a nivel global (Welcomme 1988). ...
Several variables are involved in the patterns of distribution and spatio-temporal occupation of fish in a fluvial system. In this study, we evaluate numerous geographic (cascades, waterfalls and riffles) and physicochemical variables (slope, current velocity, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen) in different sections of the Quimán River, and its relationship with fish assemblage. This river is a mountain stream and presents an abrupt orography with various waterfalls, cascades and riffles that affect the connectivity of the river. Therefore, the working hypothesis was to establish if some of these geography and physicochemical variables can influence the spatial segregation of fish in the river. The results showed a significant variation (ANOSIM r = 0.6 p = 0.0006) in the composition of the assemblage along the river, defining a spatial segregation for native species, and a preferential habitat use was established by native species due to low current velocity environments (< 0.64 m s-1) and slope less than 3.5%. Nevertheless, a BEST/BIOENV analysis determined a low relationship between environmental variables and fish assemblage distribution (r = 0.37 p = 0.03). On the other hand, frequency of waterfalls, cascades and riffles decreased in the direction of the flow, in contrast to richness and diversity, even when there is a pisciculture and treatment plant of wastewater in the terminal section. It is suggested to develop more specific studies to understand the influence of geographic variables on native fish populations.
... Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus are omnivorous, with high recreational and commercial significance (Pitlo 1997;Miranda 1999), leading to their introduction and establishment worldwide (Welcomme 1988). Due to their popularity, they have been extensively researched and several studies have documented their feeding and digestion rates across seasons and temperatures (Shrable et al. 1969;Vigg et al. 1991;Kwak et al. 1992;Buentello et al. 2000). ...
The establishment of nonnative predators can have devastating consequences for native fish communities, but predation rates are often difficult to quantify due to spatial and temporal variation in predator foraging behavior. Predation by Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus throughout the Colorado River basin potentially threatens the recovery of native fishes. Because Channel Catfish are highly opportunistic feeders, understanding how piscivory by this species impacts prey populations should help guide management in invaded systems. We used laboratory observations to model temperature-dependent stomach evacuation rates and combined those estimates with field-collected diet data to derive annual consumption across a 152 km reach of the San Juan River, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah. In the field, stomach fullness increased with water temperature while the probability of observing fish prey in the diet increased with total length of Channel Catfish and water turbidity. Based on estimates of daily ration, diet composition, and Channel Catfish population demographics, we estimated the San Juan River population fish consumption to be 4.9 (95% CI: 4.0-6.1) kg/ha/yr in 2018 and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.8-2-8) kg/ha/yr in 2019. Native fishes accounted for 54% of the fish biomass consumed, which included two incidents of endangered Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius. Although these estimates should help managers assess the predatory threat of Channel Catfish, additional information such as the efficacy of nonnative control and prey population compensatory responses will likely be necessary to develop robust management strategies aimed at reducing the predatory impacts of this nonnative species on native fish assemblages.
Invasive species have significantly impacted freshwater ecosystems in recent decades. The eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859, the chameleon fish Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842), and the sewage snail Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805, have invaded numerous countries worldwide, including Chile. To date, these species have not been found in syntopy within this country. Through morphological and molecular analyses, we achieved precise taxonomic identification of these three species in Lake Santa Elena, Ñuble Region, thereby filling the gap in their invasive ranges. Given the high potential for the spread of these invasive species, we recommend conducting additional surveys in other water bodies in Chile where they have not been previously recorded. Considering that there are rare cases successful in eradicating invasive species, priority should be given to protecting non-invaded water bodies from new invasions though it is also important to make persistent efforts for conservation of native communities in the invaded ecosystems.
Invasive species are one of the five main causes of biodiversity loss, along with habitat destruction, overexploitation, pollution, and climate change. Numbers and species of invasive organisms represent one of the first barriers to overcome in ecological conservation programs since they are difficult to control and eradicate. Due to the lack of records of invasive exotic species in Panama, this study was necessary for identifying and registering the documented groups of invasive species of the Chordates and Arthropod groups in Panama. This exhaustive search for invasive species was carried out in different bibliographic databases, electronic portals, and scientific journals which addressed the topic at a global level. The results show that approximately 141 invasive exotic species of the Arthropoda and Chordata phyla have been reported in Panama. Of the 141 species, 50 species belonged to the Arthropoda phylum and 91 species belonged to the Chordate phylum. Panamanian economic activity could facilitate the introduction of alien species into the country. This study provides the first list of invasive exotic chordate and arthropod species reported for the Republic of Panama.
The technology of pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) aquaculture faces problems with its reproduction, which is the unsynchronized ovulation, even among simultaneously injected females, and involuntary spawning. Synchronization of spawning can be achieved by using new, modern hormonal drugs to stimulate oogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the drugs "Surfagon", "Vadilen", and pituitary hormone injections on the reproductive system of S. lucioperca kept in aquaculture. Brood fish were kept in a recirculation aquaculture system and evaluated according to parameters as: body weight (kg), body length (cm), body height (cm), body girth (cm), average fatness index. The effect of drugs on females was evaluated by the following indicators: produced egg weight (g), number of eggs in 1 g, working fertility (thousands eggs), eggs obtained (in % of body weight). The effect of drugs on males was evaluated by the following indicators: volume of ejaculate (mL), duration of active translational movement of spermatozoa (s), working fertility (million specimens of spermatozoa) and the number of live spermatozoa, from the total number (%). The best results for the studied S. lucioperca specimens were provided by using commercial spawning agent "Vadilen", which obtained an egg weight of 7.8% of the female weight. The drug "Surfagon" was the second most effective, which obtained an egg weight of 7.4% of the female weight. The lowest results, an egg weight of 6.9% of the female weight, were recorded with the pituitary preparation treatment.
Brazil is the country in the world with the highest freshwater fish diversity. Because of the high rates of species introduction, the number of publications about invasive fish has increased in the last decades in this country. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify knowledge patterns and gaps related to the introduction of non-native fishes in distinct Brazilian freshwater ecosystems. Compared to the last official report, we found that the number of records in the literature is three times greater, with at least 352 non-native freshwater fish species (255 translocated and 97 exotics). Studies were concentrated in developed and impacted regions of the country and were mostly conducted in reservoirs and rivers. Only 7% of the studies tested invasion hypotheses, mainly those in the so-called Darwin’s and trait concept clusters. Studies that assessed the effects of non-native species investigated a few species, such as Oreochromis niloticus, Coptodon rendalli, or Cichla kelberi. However, the impacts of most species, especially those translocated among Brazilian ecoregions, remain largely unexplored. Therefore, the fish invasion literature in Brazil still has relevant knowledge gaps, biases, and research topics needing investigation. This picture prevents a proper understanding of the ecological and socio-economic consequences of fish introductions to native ecosystems, especially in highly biodiverse regions such as the Amazon. Future research and government agendas should fill these knowledge gaps to allow the establishment of effective surveillance, control, and management programs for non-native fishes in Brazilian freshwaters.
This datasheet on Poecilia reticulata covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
This datasheet on Lepomis macrochirus covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
This datasheet on Tridentiger trigonocephalus covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
This datasheet on Ameiurus natalis covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
Nile tilapia, one of the most popular aquaculture species worldwide, has been introduced into the Congo Basin several times for aquaculture purposes. Previous studies based on morphological features showed that some of the monogenean gill parasites were co-introduced with Nile tilapia and some spilled over to native Congolese cichlids. In this study, we genetically investigated the co-introduced monogeneans of Nile tilapia from three major parts of the Congo Basin: Upper, Middle and Lower Congo. We sequenced 214 specimens belonging to 16 species of Monogenea, collected from native and introduced tilapia species from Congo, Madagascar and Burundi. We evaluate their position in a phylogeny including 38 monogenean species in total. Our results confirm the co-introductions in the Congo Basin and suggest one unreported parasite transmission from introduced Nile tilapia to native Mweru tilapia in Upper Congo, which was undetectable with a morphological study alone. Shared parasite COI haplotypes between Madagascar and the Congo Basin illustrate how anthropogenic introduction events homogenize parasite communities across large geographical distances and thereby disrupt isolation by distance patterns. Contrary to our expectation, the parasite populations co-introduced in the Congo Basin reveal a high COI diversity, probably resulting from multiple Nile tilapia introductions from different geographic origins. Additionally, we tested the barcoding gap and the performance of mitochondrial COI and nuclear ribosomal ITS-1, 28S and 18S markers. We found a significant barcoding gap of 15% for COI, but none for the other markers. Our molecular results reveal that Cichlidogyrus halli, C. papernastrema, C. tiberianus, C. cirratus and C. zambezensis are in need of taxonomic revision.
Non-native freshwater fishes have been introduced to Guatemalan freshwater ecosystems since the beginning of the last century without prior risk assessment or subsequent evaluation of their impacts. We synthesized historical records, and distributional data from a literature review, online databases and museum records of non-native freshwater fishes in Guatemala. We found records for 22 non-native freshwater fishes with the oldest records dating back to 1926. Non-native freshwater fishes were recorded in 64% of the river sub-basins in Guatemala and we identified that at least 12 species have established populations. The Jaguar guapote (Parachromis managuensis) and Tilapias (Oreochromis spp.) are the most widespread non-native fishes. The species of non-native freshwater fishes introduced indicates that they are human selected (e.g., for farming purposes). Our work shows that aquaculture has been the major driver of introductions in the country, but aquarium release has become an important source in the last 20 years. Given the potential impact of non-native freshwater fishes on native fauna and ecosystems, we highlight an urgent need to assess their ecological effects, as well as to establish a fish fauna monitoring program in Guatemala to detect new introductions. Government and non- governmental agencies should promote the use of native species to supply fish demands in alignment with environmental policies and the objectives of the fishing agency in Guatemala.
Background: Due to the rapidly changing climatic conditions, South Korea faces the grand challenge of exotic species. With the increasing human movement, the influx of alien species to novel regions is prevalent across the globe. The latest research suggests that it is easy to prevent the introduction and establishment of alien species rather than controlling their spread and eradication. Like other countries, the Korean Ministry of Environment released a list (in 2018) of 45 potential risky exotic fish species considered likely to be invasive candidate fish species if they ever succeed in entering the Korean aquatic ecosystems.
Results: The investigation into the invasion suitability traits showed that potential risky fish species could utilize those features in becoming invasive once they arrive in the Korean aquatic ecosystems. If the novel species establish viable populations, they are likely to incur higher economic costs, damage the native aquatic fauna and flora, and jeopardize the already perilled species. Furthermore, they can damage the installed infrastructure, decline overall abundance and biodiversity, and disturb the ecosystem services. Here we reviewed the list of fish species concerning their family, native origin, preferred aquatic biomes, main food items, current status in Korea, and potential threats to humans and the ecosystems. Data shows that most species are either already designated as invasive in the neighboring counties, including Japan, Vietnam, Thailand, and China, or originate from these countries. Such species have a higher climate match with the Korean territories.
Conclusions: Therefore, it is exceptionally essential to study their most critical features and take regulatory measures to restrict their entry. The incoming fish species must be screened before letting them in the country in the future. The regulatory authorities must highlight the threatening traits of such species and strictly monitor their entrance. Detailed research is required to explore the other species, especially targeting the neighboring countries fish biodiversity, having demonstrated invasive features and matching the Korean climate.
Over the course of the twentieth century, Lake Victoria faced an unprecedented decline: From a symbol of biodiversity, Africa’s largest lake evolved into a highly degraded habitat. What were the underlying mechanisms of this? Common explanations focus on the introduction of the Nile perch in the 1950s and 1960s and the consequential damage to the lake. This article argues, however, that this introduction must be read against the background of the long-term schemes of resource utilisation deployed by the institutions of the British Empire. The introduction of the Nile perch was not an isolated event but was embedded in a longer process of exploring, utilising and modifying the lake. In this process, the colonial institutions deliberately ignored the many well-founded scientific warnings of an introduction in favour of a modification of the lake. Thus, this modification, presented as legitimate, symbolically reflects the effort of the institutions of the British Empire to control and optimise natural resources and stands in a long series of interventions in natural habitats. Overall, this multi-perspective analysis of Lake Victoria’s modification contributes to questions of nature utilisation in colonial contexts and sheds light on the general relationship between man and nature.
The reproductive strategy of the non‐native predator cichlid Cichla kelberi was determined to explain its success after more than 60 years of being introduced into an isolated reservoir in southeastern Brazil. This was one of the first‐known translocations of the genus Cichla out of its natural range. Macro‐ and microscopy characteristics of the gonadal development stages and the maturation phases, along with the reproductive features (size at first maturation size, gonado‐somatic index and sex ratio), were described. It was hypothesized that the stable conditions of the reservoir, with low connectivity, weakly defined spatial gradient and slight seasonal changes in environmental variables, favour the equilibrium strategy that enables predators to have high offspring survivorship because of great parental investment in individual progeny. Sex ratio was well balanced, with males and females reaching first maturity between 30.0 and 28.6 cm total length (LT), respectively. The stages of oocyte (primary and secondary growth, vitellogenic and atresia) and spermatocyte (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa) development were identified. Five phases of gonadal development (immature, developing, spawning capable, regressing and regenerating) were described for both sexes. A long reproductive season was found, with spawning peaks in August/September and, to a lesser extent, in April/May. Parental care and spawns in parcels (batch spawns) corroborated the raised equilibrium strategy that was effective in this isolated reservoir. This species developed reproductive mechanisms that fit to different environmental conditions, with multiple spawning being associated with lentic environments and asynchronous development of oocytes, which are released over long periods. The reproductive plasticity in reservoirs may be one of the main factors inherent to the successful of colonization and establishment of the peacock bass in the environments in which they were introduced.
Chinook salmon native to North America are spreading through South America’s Patagonia and have become the most widespread anadromous salmon invasion ever documented. To better understand the colonization history and role that genetic diversity might have played in the founding and radiation of these new populations, we characterized ancestry and genetic diversity across latitude (39-48°S). Samples from four distant basins in Chile were genotyped for 13 microsatellite loci, and allocated, through probabilistic mixture models, to 148 potential donor populations in North America representing 46 distinct genetic lineages. Patagonian Chinook salmon clearly had a diverse and heterogeneous ancestry. Lineages from the Lower Columbia River were introduced for salmon open-ocean ranching in the late 1970s and 1980s, and were prevalent south of 43°S. In the north, however, a diverse assembly of lineages was found, associated with net-pen aquaculture during the 1990s. Finally, we showed that possible lineage admixture in the introduced range can confound allocations inferred from mixture models, a caveat previously overlooked in studies of this kind. While we documented high genetic and lineage diversity in expanding Patagonian populations, the degree to which diversity drives adaptive potential remains unclear. Our new understanding of diversity across latitude will guide future research.
The severe mortality of fish due to the infection of megalocytivirus caused significant economic losses. Since 2011, megalocytivirus (giant gourami iridovirus (GGIV)) has become the main pathogen in giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy), particularly in West Java, Central Java and Bali. This study aimed to develop primary cell culture from spleen as the target organ for propagating megalocytivirus in vitro, which was developed by explant method with enzymatic dissociation. Optimization was carried out at incubation temperature, medium and serum concentrations. The origin of the primary cell, cell susceptibility and GGIV pathogenicity were observed. The results showed that the primary cell (GP cells) can grow well in 10% foetal bovine serum L-15 medium at 27°C, which was sufficient for cell growth. PCR and BLAST analyses showed the primary cell was originated from giant gourami. In infected GP cells, cell enlargement and cell rounding were observed. Virus propagated in GP cells was highly virulent when injecting giant gourami in an artificial infection experiment. Intraperitoneal injection of diluted virus supernatant showed 100% mortality in 7-11 days post-injection and 97% mortality in 21 days post-cohabitation, with abnormalities observed in spleen and kidney. In conclusion, GP cell was successfully subcultured for more than 30 passages and susceptible to GGIV.
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