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Chile and the Great Powers
Abstract
Chile was able to consolidate and organise its domestic institutional system very early on, which made it an exceptional case during the nineteenth century among the former Spanish colonies. This also allowed the country to pursue a foreign policy of power balance and territorial consolidation relatively free from intervention of the United States or Britain in its affairs. Chile’s geographical distance relegated it to a relatively restricted geopolitical value, but also allowed foreign policy to be active and fairly autonomous.1
This essay is related to the most significant behavioural issues of Chilean diplomacy along the latest century. The unexpected changes on Chilean international status at the end of XIX century and at the very beginning of XX one, the effects on domestic economy and social development of the world financial-economic crisis of 1929- 1931, the efforts towards a professional conception on diplomats and foreign affairs, the consequences of political changes in the 30’s, 40’s s and 50’s are, among others, the meaningful factors to analyse. Obviously, the dramatic effects of fall of democracy in 1973 and the democratic restoration during the 90’s are also relevant questions to find out in Chilean foreign affairs.
Este es un ensayo que intenta explicar desde una perspectiva conductualista el desarrollo de la política exterior chilena durante el siglo pasado. Así, el brusco cambio de status político regional hacia fines del siglo XIX, los nocivos efectos internos producidos por la crisis económico-financiera mundial durante los años 1929-1931, las consecuencias de los cambios sociales y políticos durante los años 30, 40 y 50 son, entre otros, los aspectos de mayor relieve en este trabajo. Ciertamente, las gravitantes consecuencias y proyecciones del cese de la democracia-representativa en 1973 y la posterior redemocratización política durante la década pasada son temas esenciales en este ensayo.
Examines the thesis that the U.S. Department of State was instrumental in breaking the ties between each of three Radical presidents of Chile (Pedro Aguirre Cerda, Juan Antonio Rios and Gabriel Gonzalez Videla) and the Partido Comunista de Chile (PCCh). Concludes that only during the presidency of Gonzalez Videla is it possible to identify definitively how U.S. pressure was used to compel the president to break with the PCCh. In the cases of the other two presidents, either international circumstances or domestic reasons or both were primarily responsible for the rifts between them and the PCCh. -P.Buksmann
Incluye bibliografía e índice
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