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... Additionally, efforts are underway to improve the efficiency of industries and reduce carbon emissions. Mitigation efforts in Bangladesh are critical to achieving global climate goals, and they require the active involvement of citizens to be successful [14][15][16][17]. ...
... The country is facing multiple climate-related challenges, including sea-level rise, increased frequency and intensity of cyclones and floods, droughts, and extreme heat. These issues are threatening the livelihoods and well-being of millions of people in Bangladesh, which is why climate change mitigation is of paramount importance [1,2,6,17]. ...
... Mitigation refers to the measures taken to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted into the atmosphere and to limit the impacts of climate change. Mitigation is crucial because it can help prevent or slow down some of the worst effects of climate change [15,17,20]. Possible mitigation steps that Bangladesh can take include investing in renewable energy, promoting energy efficiency, promoting sustainable transportation, and reducing deforestation. ...
Introduction: Climate change is a burning global issue affecting all countries in varying intensities, and countries like Bangladesh suffer various direct and indirect impacts that pose a long-term risk to the nation’s environmental sectors. The country is frequently hit by natural disasters such as floods, cyclones, and droughts, which are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change. In this context, citizen engagement and responsibility play a vital role in promoting sustainable practices and building resilience to the effects of climate change. It discusses various initiatives undertaken by the government and nongovernmental organizations to promote citizen engagement and education, and emphasizes the importance of civil society organizations in promoting climate change mitigation efforts. This article calls for increased citizen engagement and responsibility in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and building resilience to the effects of climate change. Overall, the article serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners interested in promoting citizen engagement in climate change mitigation efforts.
... Additionally, efforts are underway to improve the efficiency of industries and reduce carbon emissions. Mitigation efforts in Bangladesh are critical to achieving global climate goals, and they require the active involvement of citizens to be successful [14][15][16][17]. ...
... The country is facing multiple climate-related challenges, including sea-level rise, increased frequency and intensity of cyclones and floods, droughts, and extreme heat. These issues are threatening the livelihoods and well-being of millions of people in Bangladesh, which is why climate change mitigation is of paramount importance [1,2,6,17]. ...
... Mitigation refers to the measures taken to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted into the atmosphere and to limit the impacts of climate change. Mitigation is crucial because it can help prevent or slow down some of the worst effects of climate change [15,17,20]. Possible mitigation steps that Bangladesh can take include investing in renewable energy, promoting energy efficiency, promoting sustainable transportation, and reducing deforestation. ...
Introduction: Climate change is a burning global issue affecting all countries in varying intensities, and countries like Bangladesh suffer various direct and
indirect impacts that pose a long-term risk to the nation’s environmental sectors. The country is frequently hit by natural disasters such as floods, cyclones,
and droughts, which are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change. In this context, citizen engagement and responsibility play a vital role in
promoting sustainable practices and building resilience to the effects of climate change. It discusses various initiatives undertaken by the government and nongovernmental organizations to promote citizen engagement and education, and emphasizes the importance of civil society organizations in promoting climate
change mitigation efforts. This article calls for increased citizen engagement and responsibility in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and building resilience to
the effects of climate change. Overall, the article serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners interested in promoting citizen
engagement in climate change mitigation efforts.
Methods: The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of “Climate Change Mitigation: Bangladeshi Citizen’s Engagement and Responsibility”
based on open access articles. We identified relevant keywords and search terms and conducted a literature search on open access databases like PubMed Central,
Scopus. A range of open access articles, including research papers, review articles, and other publications related to the topic were collected. Each article was critically
evaluated, taking into consideration factors such as the quality of the research, the credibility of the authors, and the impact of the publication.
Results: Bangladesh is facing multiple climate-related challenges, including sea-level rise, increased frequency and intensity of cyclones and floods, droughts,
and extreme heat. Mitigation measures, such as investing in renewable energy, promoting energy efficiency, promoting sustainable transportation, and reducing
deforestation, are crucial in limiting the impacts of climate change. Citizen engagement is also essential, and individuals can contribute to mitigation efforts by reducing
energy consumption, using public transportation or carpooling, reducing waste, and promoting sustainable practices. Building resilience through investments in
early warning systems, infrastructure, and contingency plans for disasters is also important. The government and NGOs can take steps to mitigate climate change,
including developing policies and regulations, promoting sustainable practices, providing training and resources, and advocating for policies and regulations.
Conclusion: Climate change is a global issue that affects Bangladesh severely. To mitigate its effects, Bangladeshi citizens can engage in efforts to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions, promote sustainable practices, and adapt to the changing climate. However, climate change mitigation requires collective action
beyond individual efforts, and the government and international community must take significant steps to reduce emissions and support vulnerable communities
... 2. Integrated land-use planning has been recommended as a helpful technique (Roy, 2009). For instance, synergising roadway infrastructure mapping with water-connected river master plan applications should be elevated (Cervero, 2013). ...
... 8A) are the tools for potential alternative analyses. The DMDP support system can be a suitable mechanism too (Roy, 2009). ...
... 5. For executing plans, the integration or partnership approach should be given emphasis. In this context, DWASA, DSCC, and RAJUK can synergize national-level plans with sector budget allocations through short-and long-term action programme reviews (M. A. U. Rahman, 2015 (Roy, 2009). Also, merging similar functions like urban planning functions of DSCC with the DMDP are highly suggested (M. A. U. Rahman, 2015). ...
... 2. Integrated land-use planning has been recommended as a helpful technique (Roy, 2009). For instance, synergising roadway infrastructure mapping with water-connected river master plan applications should be elevated (Cervero, 2013). ...
... 8A) are the tools for potential alternative analyses. The DMDP support system can be a suitable mechanism too (Roy, 2009). ...
... 5. For executing plans, the integration or partnership approach should be given emphasis. In this context, DWASA, DSCC, and RAJUK can synergize national-level plans with sector budget allocations through short-and long-term action programme reviews (M. A. U. Rahman, 2015 (Roy, 2009). Also, merging similar functions like urban planning functions of DSCC with the DMDP are highly suggested (M. A. U. Rahman, 2015). ...
Cities built on deltaic regions are always prone to environmental risks like aggravated flooding, wetland reduction, compromised water quality, continuing water scarcity, and tainted air and these have been remarkable as the challenges while urbanizing deltas. On top of that, rapid urbanization adds more to the deterioration of ecosystem functions. Drawing insights from Bangladesh's capital Dhaka lying in the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna basin, this study basically appraises the common concerns of deltaic megapolises through a systematic literature review. The current literature has been brought up by analysing the status, factors, and impacts of the challenges and management by authorities. In addition, it is further updated with some urban experts' views, secondary records on groundwater levels, and remote sensing imageries. This paper also concludes with recommended guidelines from the reviews for more practical deltaic urbanization, especially when there is no turning back for urban transferability to a new region of the delta. Particularly, success demands (1) specifying current situation in quantifiable terms (e.g., numeric values, percentages, scores, indices), (2) practical but adaptive multi-objective plans/policies with a set of assessable targets, and (3) timely robust evaluation for tracking data for specific, measurable, and meaningful outcomes.
... Moreover, complaint behavior as a mediator has not been explored, especially in travel and tourism research seeking re-travel intention, except in Lee and Kim (2020) study on hairdressing services. Third, the study encourages public transport, travel, and tourism use by minimizing commuter dissatisfaction, eliminating traffic, air and noise pollution, and reducing accidental deaths (Roy, 2009). The results are expected to promote commuters' re-traveling intention and help the travel and tourism industry improve efficiently and effectively. ...
... On the other hand, the complaint registration process helps to improve the service quality and can add value to re-travel intention, as suggested in this study. So, the public transport travel & tourism industry stakeholders should take bold steps to increase re-travel intention on public transport, which will eliminate traffic, air and noise pollution, and accidental road deaths (Roy, 2009). Moreover, according to the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), travel and tourism in Pakistan will grow and increase jobs by 6.3 % by the end of 2027 (Ahmad et al., 2024;Arshad et al., 2018). ...
Service failure is bound to happen, but dissatisfaction has always been undermined by scholars previously. The
present study investigates dissatisfaction factors in travel decision-making leading towards re-travel intention
with the help of the expectancy disconfirmation theory (EDT) model. Moreover, complaint behavior mediates the
relationship between dissatisfaction and re-travel intention concerning the factors involved in it. For the findings,
434 real-time responses were collected through an offline survey following the lifetime value (LTV) approach.
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s tests were conducted to test the sphericity of the variables one by one.
Furthermore, structural equation modeling (SEM) was implied to test the measurement and structural models.
All the hypotheses supported and accepted the proposed research questions. The findings reveal that the
dissatisfaction factors, with their interaction terms (transaction-based and experience-based), help study the
variable dissatisfaction and its multifaceted concept in travel and tourism literature. Moreover, complaint
behavior is identified as a key mediating factor in the relationship between dissatisfaction and re-travel intention,
suggesting that commuters’ response to dissatisfaction, including complaints, shapes their future re-travel intentions. The theoretical implications of the study are substantial, as it advances our understanding of commuter
behavior in the context of public transport travel and tourism. Practically, the findings offer actionable insights
for public transport authorities and service providers. Understanding the specific dissatisfaction factors influencing re-travel intention allows for targeted interventions to improve service quality and customer experience.
Recognizing the importance of effective complaint management systems can help organizations better address
customer grievances and mitigate the negative effects of dissatisfaction on re-travel intention.
... It is in this context that sustainable urbanization planning and practice has the potential to minimize climate change threats by protecting human health and mitigating social and health inequalities (Roy, 2009;Tonne et al., 2021). Also through urban greening, it plays a fundamental role in mitigating vulnerability to climate change by reducing urban temperature and promoting adaptation to climate change by urban residents (Bowler et al., 2010;Nassary et al., 2022). ...
... Overall, this result is consistent with the empirical literature that globally shows that sustainable urbanization by promoting sanitation, access to water, and electricity actively contributes to reducing vulnerability to climate change (Goebel, 2007;Roy, 2009;Sanchez Rodriguez et al., 2018). This contribution of sustainable urbanization is further justified by the fact that it promotes adaptation and resilience to climate change by facilitating access to health services, limiting environmental degradation by the development of green spaces, the development and maintenance of basic sanitation services, and the development and improvement of access to electricity and drinking water (Chen et al., 2021;Tonne et al., 2021;Buzási et al., 2022). ...
This study empirically examines the effect of sustainable urbanization on vulnerability to climate change over a sample of 52 African countries from 1996 to 2019. We use the two-stage system generalized method of moments (GMM) empirical strategy and mediation analysis to assess direct and indirect impacts, respectively. The results of the direct analysis reveal that sustainable urbanization reduces vulnerability to climate change. The results of the indirect analysis also show that sustainable urbanization significantly reduces vulnerability to climate change through the channels of digitalization and institutional quality. The results also highlight that considering the direct effect of sustainable urbanization alone underestimates the impact of reducing vulnerability to climate change. The results are robust to an alternative indicator of vulnerability to climate and other estimation techniques. These results have important policy implications and provide evidence for the improvement of sustainable urbanization in terms of access to basic services or reduction of vulnerability to climate change.
... Since then, the thought of sustainability has rapidly extended to the urban context and was closely associated with the "Triple Bottom Line" (TBL) principle in the 1990s (Roy, 2009), which in practice highlighted the close interaction among economic, social and environmental development in cities (Foliente et al., 2007). ...
... Due to the concern of different urban interest groups (Shiau & Chuang, 2015), measuring SUD is inevitably a political and social issue (Turcu, 2013). Nonetheless, it is still the mainstream opinion that measuring urban sustainability is essential in detecting whether progress has been made in meeting the objectives of SUD understood in its broadest sense (Roy, 2009;Mega & Pedersen, 2012;Cohen, 2017). www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/uspa ...
Sustainability indicators are essential technical tools for monitoring and managing sustainable urban development. The challenge of developing sustainability indicators in the urban context lies in the lack of a participatory approach that integrates the bottom-up perspective of citizens. Therefore, taking the 14th Five-Year Plan development indicators in the West Bund of Shanghai as the case study, this paper provides policy recommendations for the readjustment and iteration of the local indicators for the Xuhui District Government by identifying the local citizens’ viewpoints and investigating its differences with the policymakers’ views. Totally ten local participants were involved in the structured interviews. Holistically, the perspective of local citizens presents the features of actively intervening in community governance, prioritising community benefits, and trusting the decision-making of local policymakers. This paper then argues that policymakers in a dominant position with preferences in economic indicators should take the initiative to provide an increase in facility-based indicators, effective feedback channels, and professional training in sustainability for local citizens in a secondary position who focus on the improvement of their living experience. The outcomes contribute to the materialisation of the West Bund’s governance goals and the further refinement of integrated solutions for sustainability indicator development.
... The rapid increase in the level of urbanisation has resulted in serious concerns about urban sustainability (Isendahl and Smith, 2013;Cohen, 2017), because sustainable urbanisation is compatible with the principle of sustainable development (Roy, 2009;Ochoa et al., 2018). Urban sustainability is a measure that can be used to assess the sustainability of a city (Huang, Wu and Yan, 2015) and, consequently, sustainable urbanisation has emerged as a dynamic procedure that takes various environmental, social, economic and governance factors into consideration (Mori and Yamashita, 2015). ...
... Among the various indicators, income level has close associations with development problems within the context of rapid urbanisation. In fast-growing cities, people on low and middle incomes seem to encounter more serious problems as a result of rapid urbanisation (Roy, 2009). Education is another important indicator. ...
Urbanisation bubbles have become an increasingly serious problem. Attention has been paid to the speed of urbanisation; however, the issue of quality has been neglected, particularly in the case of China. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate China’s urbanisation bubbles by employing a hierarchical - stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis (SMAA) - Choquet integral method. In order to highlight regional disparities, we measure the urbanisation bubbles at a provincial level. Our study aggregates the urbanisation bubble indices using the Choquet integral preference model, and considers the interactions between various indicators. Furthermore, robust ordinal regression and SMAA are applied to resolve the robustness issues associated with the entire set of weights assigned to the urbanisation bubble composite indicator. In addition, by employing a multiple criteria hierarchy process, the study aggregates urbanisation bubble indices not only at the comprehensive level, but also at the intermediate levels of the hierarchy. Our findings suggest that the ranking of urbanisation bubbles is positively related to the level of regional development. This study contributes to the evaluation of regional urbanisation and sustainable development.
... Several researches have sought to examine the level of sustainability of a given region due to the management of municipal solid waste in municipalities, using indicators created specifically for each reality (BRIASSOULIS, 2001;BRAGA et al., 2004;BARCELLOS, 2009;ROY, 2009;TANGUAY et al., 2010;SANTIAGO;DAYS, 2012). It is noteworthy that studies conducted on the subject have been commonly addressed in the construction of indicators not worrying about its application, as proposed by this research when describing the level of sustainability in the municipalities (BRAGA et al., 2004;BARCELLOS, 2009;SANTIAGO;DAYS, 2012). ...
... The sustainability indicators, in addition to enabling knowledge about their level in a given reality, improve the basis of information on the environment, assist in the development of public policies, as well as ensure comparability between regions (MILANEZ; TEIXEIRA, 2003). Several researches seek to document the level of sustainability of a given region, using indicators created specifically for each reality (BRIASSOULIS, 2001;ROY, 2009;TANGUAY et al., 2010). ...
Public managers, increasingly, due to concern about the sustainability of urban centers, are adopting public policies focused on improving the environment and quality of life. In this context, the study aims to analyze the level of sustainability of urban solid waste management in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza. Therefore, an exploratory study was conducted, with descriptive approach, whose data collection was performed through the application of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, based on the Matrix of Sustainability Indicators proposed by Santiago and Dias (2012). The results of the research show that the municipalities of the metropolitan region of Fortaleza present, in their highest representativeness, medium-low levels of sustainability. Thus, it is concluded that, in fact, municipalities present incipient practices regarding the search for sustainability of the management of municipal solid waste, from the frequent context of excessive generation and inadequate disposal of solid waste.
... Currently, the poor's level of participation is very low and for mainstreaming the opinions of the poor in the decision-making process, there are no formal mechanisms. So, the participation of people from income groups in the society (especially poor) is obviously constrained as overall participation is not significant enough (Roy, 2005;Roy, 2009) [26,27]. ...
... Currently, the poor's level of participation is very low and for mainstreaming the opinions of the poor in the decision-making process, there are no formal mechanisms. So, the participation of people from income groups in the society (especially poor) is obviously constrained as overall participation is not significant enough (Roy, 2005;Roy, 2009) [26,27]. ...
For any development initiative to be met, planning is crucial which involves choice making for societies and individuals to pursue the stated goals. Bangladesh, a rapidly growing country, faces several problems ranging from finding the effective ways of tackling urban poverty to deal with unplanned urbanization. The emergence of a bottom-up participatory approach reflecting the needs and demand of all social strata in the plan-making process is a far cry for countries like Bangladesh. However, despite strong and firm policy guidelines for enhancing the participatory planning approach, lack of strong role of city development authorities and communication gap, their bureaucratic decision making mind setup predominantly hinders the way to ensure pro-poor participation in policy making and people-centered planning in Bangladesh. Therefore, this particular research focuses on the investigation of necessity and manifestation of communicative rationale in the plan-making process, challenges as well as the level of participation required in the people-centered pro-poor planning in Bangladesh. The overarching methodological approach adopted for this study is case study approach including the interview of a local urban planner to recognize his own spatial needs, views on urban places as well as spatial footprints in the major cities of Bangladesh followed by his notion regarding the local and national plan-making process to generate a holistic view on the modes of planning in a developing country setup like Bangladesh. This study investigates the contemporary challenges faced by major metropolises in Bangladesh (Dhaka and Khulna with a high concentration of urban poor) to ensure the bottom-up participatory planning approach with a major focus on formulating effective pro-poor urban planning through engaging the people in the national policy-making process. The analysis and discussion uses an amalgamation of both primary and secondary databases through review of relevant literatures and interview of the key informant (Local Urban Planner). Findings demonstrate that, both in the plan-making and problem identification process, the participation of the urban poor, as well as general people, was negligible. This furthermore results in the failure of the national polices and priority setting process to address the demands and needs of the urban poor properly in Bangladesh. The findings of this study will act as a baseline for wider and growing pro-poor participatory planning literature.
... Urban studies experts have since adopted this concept to examine urban resilience. Presently, inquiries into urban resilience are largely centered on these facets: (1) urban resilience in relation to climate change, addressing climate-related challenges and urban adaptability (Roy, 2009), the interplay between tourism and urban ecological resilience (Muller, 2016), and integrative strategies, both structural and non-structural, to enhance community resilience in flood-prone regions (Chiang, 2018). (2) Urban resilience within the context of urban planning and construction, where urban development constrained by natural settings is harmonized with nature, encompassing urban planning approaches like water-and terrain-compatible architecture, ecofriendly buildings, and flood resilience models to bolster urban development robustness (Samuelsson et al., 2018;Liao et al., 2016). ...
Taking 21 cities in Guangdong Province as the research object, this study quantitatively analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution of urbanization and ecological environment coupling from 2000 to 2020 using a coupling coordination model, and predicts the coordinated development of urbanization and ecological resilience coupling from 2000 to 2020 using an LSTM deep learning model. Analysis of the geographical data conveys the following observations: (1) Remotely sensed night-time luminosity data indicate a precipitous escalation in the urbanization quotient within Guangdong, with the Pearl River Delta, featuring Guangzhou and Shenzhen as hubs, exhibiting high levels of nocturnal radiance, in stark contrast to the lower and more dispersed illumination in the province’s northern latitudes. (2) Indices of ecological resilience suggest a progressive enhancement across Guangdong, with Maoming exhibiting the utmost resilience, succeeded by Jiangmen, Dongguan, Shenzhen, and Zhongshan in terms of ecological robustness. (3) The synergistic relationship between urbanization dynamics and ecological resilience metrics in Guangdong has been incrementally enhanced, with Qingyuan and Shaoguan exemplifying optimal coupling and coordination, while Zhongshan has experienced the most pronounced increment in these interdependencies. (4) The proportional advancement of urbanization and ecological resilience in the province is approaching a theoretical equilibrium state. (5) Projections based on spatiotemporal models forecast a gradual upgrade in the urban-ecological systems’ coupling and coordination coefficients from 2021 to 2025, with a general trend of incremental progression among the majority of the province’s urban centers towards a moderate level of integrated development.
... Public transportation plays a crucial part in the socio-economic development of a country by enabling the efficient transit of people and products throughout both urban and rural areas (Bamwesigye & Hlavackova, 2019;Berg & Ihlström, 2019;Tiwari, 2002). In a nation characterized by high population density, such as Bangladesh (Hussain, 2013), where the phenomena of fast urbanization and growing mobility needs pose distinctive obstacles (Roy, 2009), the significance of an effective and dependable bus transportation system cannot be overstated (Rahman, 2019;Khan, et al., 2018). The effect of bus services on commuters' everyday life extends beyond mere convenience (Guell et al., 2012), as it also exerts influence on the broader urban environment, air quality, and 44 The Jahangirnagar Review: Part II: Social Science, Vol. ...
Efficient and reliable bus services are essential components of a
sustainable urban transportation system. In densely populated countries like Bangladesh, where mobility challenges are exacerbated by rapid urbanization, understanding the existing bus service conditions and customer satisfaction levels becomes crucial. This study employs a comprehensive approach to assess
the current state of bus services and analyze customer perceptions in Chandra-Hemayetpur Route in Savar, Dhaka. Through a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, 18 factors were examined including bus availability, comfort in bus, bus fare rate, delay time and accessibility.
Moreover, customer satisfaction was also measured trough principal component analysis with the regression model and identify areas for improvement in the bus service. The findings of this research highlight the critical issues within the four component system, such as bus condition, driver’s skills, delay time; comfort in bus; uncomfortable space in bus seat; contractor behavior and crime in the bus. The research found that a significant proportion of bus passengers, above 50%, expressed dissatisfaction or high levels of dissatisfaction with the 18 factors
assessed in the Chandra - Hemayetpur route segment of Savar. The total satisfaction level is 3.30, suggesting a proximity to dissatisfaction on the Likert
scale (1 to 5; where 4 = dissatisfied). The insights from this study provide valuable guidance for policymakers and transport authorities to enhance the quality of bus services, thereby fostering a more efficient and customer-oriented public transportation network. This research contributes to the broader discourse on satellite town to city connecting road in developing nations and underscores the significance of addressing public transportation challenges for sustainable urban development.
... Encouraging public transport helps in reducing congestion (Nguyen-Phuoc et al., 2021), the pollution emission (Beaudoin et al., 2015;Borck, 2019;Gendron-Carrier et al., 2022), and providing more significant social equity (Cuthill et al., 2019;Foth et al., 2013;Manaugh & El-Geneidy, 2012). It has also been estimated that approximately 0.8 million annual deaths occur from air pollution in developing countries (Roy, 2009). ...
The actions are oriented to delight travelers where existing protocols fall short of solving problems in the travel and tourism industry, seeking the retention of commuters by offering travel quality. The present study investigates the travel decision-making process by exploring the nexus between travel quality and re-travel intentions (RTI). The study also analyzes the relational switching cost’s (RSC) unique role as a sequential mediator in driving travel quality through the theoretical lens of expectancy disconfirmation theory. Furthermore, the study also explores the role of gender in explaining RTI. 434 real-time responses were collected following the lifetime value (LTV) approach. The structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The study reveals that travel quality significantly influences commuter satisfaction. The results also suggest the indirect effect of RSC on commuter satisfaction (CS) and (RTI). Finally, it is suggested that RTI is higher among female commuters than male commuters. The fundamental contribution of this study is developing and testing the travel decision-making process by extending the EDT model. Additionally, the TRAVQUAL scale contributes to measuring perceived and expected travel quality. Commuter satisfaction and relational switching costs act as sequential mediators, while gender emerges as a moderator, emphasizing the greater significance of re-travel intentions among female commuters post-RSC. These insights contribute valuable perspectives for enhancing travel experiences and decision-making processes in the travel and tourism industry.
... It has also been pointed out that technological tools play an important role in the integration of the two issues (Giffinger et al., 2007;Wamsler et al., 2016). Studies on the legal framework started in 2010 and it has been underlined that CCA policies need to be supported by laws/regulations at both the national and local levels in order to be included in spatial planning practices (Roy, 2009;Gil-Garcia et al., 2015). In addition to participation, technology and the legal framework, it has been argued that the integration of CCA and spatial planning can be done through spatial/ physical plans The fact that studies on the use of spatial plans as a tool started in 2017 shows that this is a new topic that has recently started to be discussed differently in the CCA and SP literature. ...
Spatial planning (SP) plays a pivotal role in shaping urban and rural areas, encompassing interventions such as development, conservation, and spatial configuration, all of which significantly influence climate change adaptation (CCA) efforts. The incorporation of CCA policies within municipal SP has gained increasing importance in addressing the challenges posed by climate change impacts. This study aims to examine the interplay between CCA policies and municipal SP in Turkey. It proposes an assessment of selected cities representing diverse climate regions within Turkey at the local scale. The primary objectives encompass evaluating the current state of the CCA-SP relationship through a causal-comparative approach, considering assessment criteria derived from a comprehensive literature review, and formulating region-specific policies. Noteworthy advancements in local-level climate change mitigation policies are underscored, while concurrently identifying significant gaps in climate change adaptation, particularly concerning the built/green environment and governance/participation. The findings will enhance the integration of CCA policies into forthcoming spatial planning endeavors within Turkey. Keywords: climate change adaptation (CCA), spatial planning (SP), local spatial planning (L-SP), Turkey.
... Although there are certain laws and regulations to control industrial pollution, its monitoring system is generally weak (Islam et al. 2017). Estimation reveals that there are over 7,000 industries in Dhaka metropolitan area located mostly in three clusters, namely, Hazaribagh, Tejgaon, and Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra dam area (Roy, 2009). However, among all these industries the tannery industries situated at Hazaribagh and Rayerbazar were one of the main polluters of the Buriganga. ...
Bangladesh is a low lying riverine country located in South Asia. Buriganga and Dhaleshwari are two of the major rivers for Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Buriganga has become a dying river due to the indiscriminate disposal of effluents from various industries, especially from tannery industries situated at Hazaribagh, which is close to Buriganga. To improve the water quality of Buriganga, the tannery industries along with a new Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP), were established at Savar in 2016, on the bank of Dhaleshwari River. The main objective of this study is to assess the impacts on the water quality of the selected sample locations for these two rivers due to the relocation of tannery industries from Hazaribagh to Savar, by comparing with previous data. For Buriganga river sampling locations were Rayerbazar, Chadnighat and Bangladesh China Friendship Bridge (B.C.F.B) and for Dhaleshwari, three points namely upstream, downstream and mixing point were selected as sampling locations. The water quality parameters which were studied during different seasons were-pH, BOD5, COD, Colour, TDS, Chloride, Chromium, EC, Phosphate, Nitrate, Hydrogen sulfide, Ammonia. The analysis showed that except the Rayerbazar (where tannery industries used to discharge the wastewater previously) location, water quality parameters haven't improved in other two locations of Buriganga. The reason is the presence of other industries on the bank of Buriganga River that are polluting the river on a regular basis. For Dhaleshwari River, present study result shows overall degradation of water quality in comparison with the previous data, especially Chloride, TDS, Chromium were at alarming level. The data from wet season was better for both the rivers as expected.
... It is expected that by 2050 (2100), this percentage of total energy consumption will increase by 34 (61)% [3,4]. Therefore, recently many researchers around the globe carried out various studies that explore the various mitigation and adaptive measures to face the issue of the future trend of rising building energy consumption [5][6][7][8] The typical meteorological year (TMY) data in forecasting building energy consumption consists of various meteorological parameters (surface air temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, etc.).Thus, it is necessary to assess the impact of future climatic scenarios on building energy consumption. The TMY datasets are a collection of hourly datasets for different meteorological variables for each hour of the year for a particular location. ...
Today, with the rapid process of urbanization, the proportion of building energy consumption will continue to increase and speed up the emission of greenhouse gases which can intensify the process of global warming. Thus, building energy conservation has become one of the essential aspects of a sustainable development strategy. A typical meteorological year (TMY) is frequently used in building energy simulation to assess the expected heating and cooling costs in the design of the building. Therefore, by considering the future alternations in climate, it is important to develop future TMY data. To generate the TMY for future climate, the projected weather dataset obtained from GCMs from the IPCC coupled inter comparison project phase 6 (CMIP6) can be helpful. However, a key issue with the use of GCM data is the low resolution and bias of the data. Thus, it is important to identify best suitable GCM for a particular region. Therefore, present study aims to evaluate the performance of 6 global GCMs from the CMIP6 for simulating the surface air temperature over the 29 major cities in Indonesia during 1980-2014. Here, dataset (MERRA-2) was utilized to compare the simulations of GCMs. Further three statistical metrics viz. correlation coefficient, standard deviation and centered root mean square error were computed to check the performance of each GCM against the reanalysis data. For most cities, the correlation coefficient values between the results of GCMs, and the reanalysis dataset ranges from 0.3 to 0.7 whereas the value of standard deviation varies from 0.3 to 1. The result revelled that among all the GCMs MPI-HR is one of the most appropriate choices to simulate the surface air temperature over 8 different cities. However, Nor-MM shows the worse performance over the cities located in Indonesia. For the future period, the input dataset from the best identified GCMs will be downscaled for the generation of TMY for future climate.
... Urban sustainability was emphasized in the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (Declaration, 1992), becoming a prominent concept in urban planning and decision making (Naess, 2001;Roy, 2009;Tan, Xu, & Zhang, 2016). Having three pillars of the environment (bio-physical), economy, and society, urban sustainability has been defined in different ways, mainly concentrating to improve long-term human welfare by optimizing resource consumption, minimizing environmental damage, and assuring equity and justice (Huang, Wu, & Yan, 2015). ...
Urban sustainability is a highly complex concept that requires integrative assessment frameworks to determine
the measures that should be adopted to achieve a sustainable city. The present study aimed to conduct a
spatially-based sustainability assessment at the neighborhood scale in Isfahan Metropolitan, a rapidly urbanizing
region in the center of Iran, using an integrated framework of spatial modeling and multi-criteria decision-
making analysis (MCDA). As a first step, the spatial distribution of a set of indicators was provided in three
distinct categories, ecosystem service, environmental hazard, and urban structure using various spatial modeling
approaches. After standardizing the indicators and assigning appropriate weights to them, different multi-criteria
decision analysis models were used to aggregate the indicator layers. The sustainability layers based on
ecosystem services, environmental hazards, and urban structure were integrated using MCDA models. The results
indicated that less than 3% of the total neighborhood area were categorized as almost sustainable, while 36.1%
and 59.4% were respectively scored as poor and moderate sustainable area. None of the neighborhoods was
categorized in the sustainably good class, whereas 1.73% of the area was unsustainable. Moreover, the urban
structure-based aspect was found to be the most sustainable, while the urban environmental hazards dimension
exhibited the lowest sustainability, with 71.98% falling into the poor and unsustainable category. The spatial
investigation showed that the central parts of the city were more sustainable than the urban periphery. In
conclusion, a spatially-based sustainable assessment of Isfahan City at the neighborhood level can provide urban
planners with valuable insights to undertake operational actions and achieve sustainable development goals.
... In recent years, relevant studies have focused on the concept and connotation of urban resilience [5][6][7][8], qualitative analysis, and spatiotemporal patterns [9,10] and identifcation of infuencing factors and research progress [11,12]. It involves climate change [13][14][15][16], disaster prevention and mitigation [1,17], urban planning and landscape design [18][19][20], urban adaptive governance [21][22][23], and other felds. At present, the research on urban resilience is still at the level of theoretical exploration [24], and its measurement methods have not formed a unifed standard [25,26]. ...
As a new idea of urban risk management, building resilient cities with the ability to resist, eliminate, and adapt to uncertain risks is of great importance to mitigate risk impacts and promote sustainable urban development. Based on the adaptive cycle model and the characteristics of an urban system, this study analyzes the resilience levels of cities, urban agglomerations, and provinces and their adaptive stages. The results show that (1) the comprehensive resilience of cities in the five provinces of northwest China is on the rise and that the differences between cities are gradually narrowing. The development stages of the urban adaptive cycle can be divided into six stages: the rapid exploitation stage, exploitation-conservation stage, stable conservation stage, conservation-release stage, development reorganization stage, and reorganization-exploitation stage. (2) The spatial distribution of the comprehensive resilience of urban agglomerations is “high in the southeast and low in the northwest,” and the development stage of the adaptive cycle is consistent with its central city or central region. (3) The level of resilience varies greatly among provinces, and the development stage of the adaptive cycle is equivalent to the average level of all cities in the province and is closely related to their respective development forces and urban problems. These findings can provide reference for policymakers to formulate scientific resilience building strategies to achieve regional sustainable development.
... During the 21 st century, climate change has intensified, which continues to affect humanity and the ecosystem (Dung & Sharma, 2017). It can be noted that climate change will be the greatest environmental challenge if GHG emissions remain unmitigated (Roy, 2009;Harou, Matthews, Smith, McDonnell, Borgomeo, Sara, Braeckman, Matthews, Dalton, Young, & Ovink, 2020). South Africa has promulgated various plans, such as the IDP, SPLUMA, and National Climate Change Response White Paper (2011), to address climate change. ...
The unprecedented rate of urbanisation has changed the South African urban landscape. The densification of the population in cities has resulted in high consumption of electricity, waste production, a reduction of greenery, and traffic congestion, all of which contribute to climate change. South Africa promulgated legislations and acts such as the Spatial Planning and Land-Use Management Act (SPLUMA), the National Urban Development Framework (NUDF), and the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) to guide climate change adaptation and mitigation aspirations. These frameworks and plans are important for the management of urbanisation, which potentially contributes to climate change. Complexity theory is a lens for reviewing complex systems like urbanisation and cities. Complexity theory gives a thorough account of cities, urbanisation, and urban planning. The method that was adopted for the paper is a mixed-method approach. The data were collected by interviewing and administering questionnaires to municipal officials and residents of four urban areas (Legae la Batho, Emdo Park, Serala View, and Flora Park). Results show that the local municipality continues to be plagued with a lack of qualified personnel to implement policies that affect programme implementation, such as energy mix. Additionally, the City of Polokwane has been experiencing a reduction of green spaces, which has a negative impact on the climate change aspiration. The paper concludes that there are still challenges to a fully capacitated workforce within the Polokwane Local Municipality. The inability to implement policies has deleterious effects on climate change mitigation.
... One can ask about the characteristics of sustainable urban development. The very concept of a sustainable city was popularized in the 90s (Roy, 2009). Since then, there has been a discussion on the concept of a smart city, which resulted in its various models being developed. ...
... However, one of the problems that need to be solved is how to lead the government to make the city bounce back quickly after the impact fades away. Studies on urban resilience have already covered the relationship between climate change and urban resilience [1], the impact of tourism development on urban resilience [2], and how to improve urban resilience in disaster-prone areas [3]. From the perspective of urban planning, studies have been made on how cities can make specific planning based on their natural resource strengths and weaknesses to improve urban resilience [4,5]. ...
... A desirable state of urbanization with the overriding considerations of communications, the traffic system, and housing and residential patterns has been stressed recently by urban planners. What city dwellers expect from the city development authority is a well-planned city with systematic clustering of houses in the residential area, well connected to the city's main focus pointsits administrative and commercial districtsthrough linking roads that are accessible to transport (Roy 2009;Panday 2011). Distressingly, the tremendous growth of urban populations in Dhaka and Chittagong have aggravated the crisis of unplanned urbanization in these cities, with concrete jungles growing thickly all around the cities and growing numbers of vehicles thronging limited numbers of roads. ...
... Scholars of urban research later used this concept for reference to study urban resilience. Currently, research on urban resilience mainly involves the following aspects: 1) urban resilience and climate change, involving solving the problems of climate change and urban adaptability [10], the connection between tourism and urban ecological resilience [11], and structural and non-structural integration measures to improve community resilience in flood-prone areas [12]. 2) Urban resilience and urban planning and construction: the city constrained by the natural environment is combined with nature, and urban planning such as water-and mountain-suitable buildings, green buildings, and flood adaptive models are designed to improve urban development resilience [13,14]. ...
Rapid urbanization often leads to numerous ecological issues. Balancing development through urbanization and ecological resilience is crucial to the sustainable development of cities. Here, we combine remote sensing technology to assess urbanization and its effects on the environment from the perspective of resilience. We use the Guangdong Province China, as the study area, to build an urbanization and ecological resilience index, using a coupling coordination and relative development degree model to study the coupling coordination between the two from 2000 to 2020. The results show that (1) according to night light data the level of urbanization in Guangdong Province has increased rapidly. The Pearl River Delta metropolitan area, with Guangzhou and Shenzhen as the center, has bright lights, while the northern part of Guangdong presents many small scattered light pixels. (2) According to our indices, the level of ecological resilience in Guangdong Province has risen steadily. Maoming City has the highest level of ecological resilience in the province, followed by Jiangmen, Dongguan, Shenzhen, and Zhongshan City. (3) The coupling and coordination of urbanization and ecological resilience in Guangdong Province has been steadily improved. Qingyuan City and Shaoguan City have the highest coupling and coordination, while Zhongshan City has the largest increase in coupling and coordination. (4) The relative development of urbanization and ecological resilience in Guangdong Province has almost reached an ideal balance. (5) The model prediction results show that the coupling and coordination degree of urbanization and ecological environment in Guangdong Province will likely improve from 2021 to 2025, but the overall improvement speed will be slow. The degree of urban coupling and coordination in most cities has continued this trend of growth, upgrading to a middling level of coordinated development level.
... This is because urban greenspace supports multiple ecosystem services including: air and water purification, maintaining biodiversity, flood mitigation, reducing urban heat island effects, improving mental restoration, and fostering social interaction (Berte and Panagopoulos 2014;Cameron et al. 2012;Whitford, Roland Ennos and Handley 2001). Given that many cities face acute pressures related to finding suitable land for residential, industrial, and commercial purposes (Chen, Jia, and Lau 2008;Roy 2009), a key task is how to provide sufficient greenspace (e.g., parks, recreation areas, sporting fields, playground, nature reserves) to meet residents' diverse needs (Boulton, Dedekorkut-Howes and Byrne 2018;Qureshi 2010;Schäffler and Swilling 2013;Schetke et al. 2016). ...
Much research has examined the socio-spatial distribution of, and access to, urban greenspace; the challenges of supplying greenspace, especially in periods of dynamic urban change, remain poorly understood. Multiple factors shape urban greenspace provision, however understanding the role of leadership as a factor remains somewhat elusive. Addressing this critical knowledge gap, we employed a case study approach, using qualitative methods, to hear first-hand from the key stakeholders involved with municipal urban greenspace provision, to investigate how different types of leadership affected greenspace provision in Surrey, Canada – a dynamically changing mid-size city. Semi-structured interviews with 32 purposively selected participants reveal that here, both leadership and organizational culture influenced resources and decision-making supporting greenspace provision. Aligned political leadership and organizational leadership witnessed a significant increase in Surrey's urban greenspaces – the converse occurred in a later administration. Findings provide insights into the governance of greenspace; especially how different types of leadership can play a pivotal role in effective greenspace provision.
... The majority of enterprises and factories are located along the banks of these rivers or near the river system. Along these rivers, there are around 7000 industries, especially in the Hazaribagh, Tejgon, and Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra dam districts of Dhaka metropolis (Roy, 2009). The Burignaga and its connected river absorb around 60000 cubic meters of hazardous waste per day, primarily from businesses in Tongi, Hazaribagh, Tejgoan, Narayanganj, Savar, Gazipur, and DEPZ (RPMC report, 2008). ...
This study attempts to examine the climate change in Bangladesh as a cause of industrialization. Over the last few decades, pollution of the environment has become a significant concern in the case of Bangladesh. Both qualitative and quantitative data were utilized to write this article. Primary and secondary data on the environment, national policy, and technology have been gathered. Research results show that rapid and unplanned industrialization has turned into the main cause of the endangered environment. The toxic waste materials of industries are dumped into water and ground, causing air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution. As a result, the people of the riverbank are suffering a lot. Though industrial development is very much required for a country’s development, it is also undermining the environment which will destroy the natural balance and impose a long-term effect on climate in near future. In Bangladesh, industries are developed in an unplanned and centralized way without following any particular guidelines. The poor waste management system of industries are polluting rivers and toxic emission is polluting the air as well. Natural resources are used by the industries, causing an imbalance in nature. Forests are cut down massively, which increases the chance of various natural disasters. Industrialization has a long-term effect on climate change which also increases the average temperature of the earth known as global warming. Climate change also increases the chance of various natural disasters, unemployment, food scarcity, diseases, and extinction of wildlife.
... The term sustainable city as a concept became popular in the 1990s (Roy, 2009) denoting the relationship between economic, social and environmental sustainability aspects from a combination of indicators of each of these components (Ahvennemi et al., 2017). Considering all these aspects, Hiremath et al., (2013) define sustainable urban development as achieving a balance between the development of the urban areas and protection of the environment with an eye to equity in income, employment, shelter, basic services, social infrastructure and transportation in the urban areas. ...
GDP is not a suitable measure for sustainable economic growth because it does
not consider the negative externalities of the environment. In this paper, we adjust
GDP with the real and opportunity cost of environmental resources and construct
Green GDP, and test the unconditional and conditional and convergence in
terms of per capita Green GDP. The concepts are applied to 21 selected OECD
countries for over a period of 1990-2016. The conditioning variables that proxy for
the steady-state of the economies are economic openness, total emissions, forest
area, average years of total schooling. During the period of analysis, the cross�section of OECD countries exhibits unconditional and conditional â convergence
in per capita Green GDP with openness having a positive significant effect. This
means that with more flow of goods across borders we find that the poor OECD
countries catch up with their rich counterparts. We also find the existence of
unconditional and conditional ó divergence with a negative significant effect of
average years of total schooling and a positive significant effect of economic openness.
This is indicative of the fact that with more years of education the income inequality
decreases and with more of openness of the economy the income inequality increases.
Specifically, we find that the poor countries like Poland, Turkey & Hungary catch
up with their rich counterparts like Luxembourg, the United States, Sweden & Finland
by increasing openness but at the expense of a greater income inequality measure
in terms of PCGGDP
... A desirable state of urbanization with the overriding considerations of communications, the traffic system, and housing and residential patterns has been stressed recently by urban planners. What city dwellers expect from the city development authority is a well-planned city with systematic clustering of houses in the residential area, well connected to the city's main focus pointsits administrative and commercial districtsthrough linking roads that are accessible to transport (Roy 2009;Panday 2011). Distressingly, the tremendous growth of urban populations in Dhaka and Chittagong have aggravated the crisis of unplanned urbanization in these cities, with concrete jungles growing thickly all around the cities and growing numbers of vehicles thronging limited numbers of roads. ...
The urban environment comprises many fundamental elements: housing, water supply, trades, transportation, electricity supply, gas supply, waste disposal, telecommunications, different service facilities, sludge and drainage systems, open space, and park and field facilities. Some autonomous bodies and private or local administrations manage the fundamental facilities of the urban environment for urban dwellers
... The concept of sustainable cities became popular in the 1990s [5]. It refers to the relationship between the conversion of resources exploitation to be consistent with the present and future requirements and the development of countries' economic and environmental sustainability aspects. ...
... The above imperatives are said to affect Africa's economic growth with a significant impact on the well-being and number of people living in poverty, and the forecasts suggest that there will be a GDP contraction in most countries in 2020, the first in 25 years, and nearly 30 million more people could fall into poverty (OECD, 2020). Urban planning is the central tool for promoting effective and efficient functioning of cities and development of sustainable cities and urban areas (Roy, 2009;Bart, 2010). Yet the urban planning systems in SSA countries, which are supposed to help manage the current urban growth and urbanisation, provide developable land, housing, and the associated necessary infrastructure and services, have proven weak and ineffective (Watson, 2009a;Baffour Awuah, 2018). ...
... The major commercial areas of the city include Motijheel, Dilkhusha, Mohakhali, Kawran Bazar, Gulshan, and Banani, while the main industrial areas include Tejgaon and Hazaribagh. More than 7000 industries are situated mostly in three main areas of the Hazaribagh, Tejgaon, and Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra dam areas in this urban city [18]. About 80% of the total garment factories are located in Dhaka city which contributes to the highest foreign exchange earning of the country. ...
The present study involves the investigation of air quality of Dhaka city, Bangladesh, before and during the periods of lockdown imposed to reduce the spread of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and comparison of data in corresponding periods of two previous years. Further, the consequences of COVID-19 in terms of economic disruptions were also studied. The accelerated and vast diffusion of COVID-19 in Dhaka has a high association with air pollution compared to the other cities of Bangladesh. Air pollution can be considered as an important determinant in the COVID-19 crisis. It was found that the mean air quality index (AQI) in Dhaka before lockdown in March in 2020 was found to be 4.82% and 5.30% lower compared to the corresponding period in 2018 and 2019, respectively. On the other hand, the average AQI during the lockdown in 2020 was found to be 9.57% and 16.74% lower respectively compared to the same period in 2018 and 2019. A significant negative correlation was found between AQI and rainfall (p<0.01) during the period of lockdown. Indeed, Dhaka city had better air quality during the lockdown but it was prognosticated that the remittance would fall by about 22% and GDP would plunge to a range between 2% and 3% in 2020 due to COVID-19.
... WSPD can be embedded within the planning process to facilitate sustainable solutions to development of stormwater and urban flooding. As discussed in Chapter 2, planning methods and applications are currently absent or not adequately addressing water and ecological services in the urban landscape (Leitão & Ahern, 2002;Hawkins & Selman, 2002), and also failing to adequately enhance adaptation in the face of climate change vulnerabilities (Roy, 2009). Water sensitive landscape elements such as bodies of water, wetlands, agricultural lands, low-lying areas, canals, plants and vegetation are flexible in adapting to change circumstances due to climate vulnerabilities. ...
The research investigated the role, opportunities and obstacles facing planning professionals in helping to deliver flood resilient urban environments, using Colombo in Sri Lanka as a case study. The research developed an original holistic ecologically-based theoretical framework called Water Sensitive Planning and Design (WSPD) that combines catchment scale planning with water sensitive design techniques to facilitate better management of stormwater and mitigate its adverse effects.
... Although there are certain laws and regulations to control industrial pollution, its monitoring system is generally weak (Islam et al. 2017). Estimation reveals that there are over 7,000 industries in Dhaka metropolitan area located mostly in three clusters, namely, Hazaribagh, Tejgaon, and Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra dam area (Roy, 2009). However, among all these industries the tannery industries situated at Hazaribagh and Rayerbazar were one of the main polluters of the Buriganga. ...
Bangladesh is a low lying riverine country located in South Asia. Buriganga and Dhaleshwari are two of the major rivers for Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Buriganga has become a dying river due to the indiscriminate disposal of effluents from various industries, especially from tannery industries situated at Hazaribagh, which is close to Buriganga. To improve the water quality of Buriganga, the tannery industries along with a new Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP), were established at Savar in 2016, on the bank of Dhaleshwari River. The main objective of this study is to assess the impacts on the water quality of the selected sample locations for these two rivers due to the relocation of tannery industries from Hazaribagh to Savar, by comparing with previous data. For Buriganga river sampling locations were Rayerbazar, Chadnighat and Bangladesh China Friendship Bridge (B.C.F.B) and for Dhaleshwari, three points namely upstream, downstream and mixing point were selected as sampling locations. The water quality parameters which were studied during different seasons were-pH, BOD5, COD, Colour, TDS, Chloride, Chromium, EC, Phosphate, Nitrate, Hydrogen sulfide, Ammonia. The analysis showed that except the Rayerbazar (where tannery industries used to discharge the wastewater previously) location, water quality parameters haven't improved in other two locations of Buriganga. The reason is the presence of other industries on the bank of Buriganga River that are polluting the river on a regular basis. For Dhaleshwari River, present study result shows overall degradation of water quality in comparison with the previous data, especially Chloride, TDS, Chromium were at alarming level. The data from wet season was better for both the rivers as expected.
... Sustainability is a multi-scope concept containing environmental, social and economic aspects, in other words it is a multi-dimensional construct (Liu et al., 2020). Since the early 1990s, the term sustainability has been increasingly used when dealing with urban development issues in various ways, for example, sustainable cities, urban sustainability and sustainable housing (Roy, 2009). There are many different definitions for sustainability worldwide, which depend on the research field (Tippett et al., 2007). ...
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the people’s perceptions of sustainable housing in Saudi Arabia using Riyadh as a case study. Riyadh was chosen as a case study for two reasons: it is the capital city of Saudi Arabia and the largest city in the country; and there are no major differences between the characteristics of people in Riyadh and other major Saudi cities.
Design/methodology/approach
The questionnaire survey technique was used in this study to achieve the main purpose. The study used descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) with the aid of the Statistical Package of Social Science Software (SPSS) to analyze the data.
Findings
The findings reveal that there is a lack of people’s awareness about the sustainable housing. However, it shows a positive response regarding people’s willingness to live in sustainable housing in the future as well as to adjust their current houses to be more environmentally friendly houses.
Research limitations/implications
The thoughts of stakeholders who are involved in the housing field, including policymakers and real estate developers, are very significant, however, due to the time limitation it has not been explored in this study. Therefore, future research is recommended to investigate the opinions of different stakeholders to have better insights for delivering sustainable housing.
Originality/value
The study contributes to exploring the people’s perceptions of sustainable housing in Saudi Arabia using Riyadh as a case study. Only a few studies have discussed this issue, so this study was conducted to bridge this research gap and build upon the literature.
... It is most vulnerable to extreme temperatures, droughts, cyclone, and salinity intrusion. These findings are also consistent with those of Roy et al. (2009). Climate change directly affects all dimensions of food security: availability, accessibility, stability and utilization (Gregory et al., 2005). ...
The study was conducted during the period July 2017 to May 2018 in Agricultural Zone of Coastal Mongla upazila of Bagerhat District through intensive observations on various aspects related to agriculture and livelihood. Participatory tools and methods especially FGD were used to capture the perceptions of the community on climate change, climate variability, and associated strategies to cope and adapt in the context of agriculture. The study revealed that at previous, the cropping pattern was mainly rice based (55.55%), where T. Aman was very prominent. But a recent observation reveals that the rice cropping areas are exchanged by shrimp culture. The study identified ten types of natural crises. Amongst soil salinity, scarcity of quality irrigation and irregular rainfall may be enlisted the dominant crises. The above crises decrease the soil fertility status, make nutrient un-availability, create favorable environment for pest outbreak and ultimately reduce the crop production. A developed salt tolerant rice variety especially improve local variety is one of the best and effective adaptation techniques to be tackled the struggles of climate changes. The developed/improved variety also may be practiced though farmer's motivations. Here research vs. Extension linkage, motivational program and localized policies may be termed as the best options for ensuring the secured agricultural production in the coastal Mongla upazila of Bangladesh.
... Furthermore, the interaction of multiple trade-offs and conflicts, together with the complexity inherent in urban systems, exacerbate and complicate problem identification and the selection of solutions; thus, it is important to involve local governments in developing tailor-made policies and strategies according to local conditions and needs (Roy, 2009). ...
Urban resilience is increasingly considered a useful approach to accommodate uncertainties. As an important material basis of the urban system, the land is one of the most promising intermediaries to observe urban resilience and is useful to shape resilience potential through land use management. However, current research into the quantitative assessment of urban resilience on land is underexplored, leaving it largely unpracticed in contemporary planning and policy discourse. Here, we introduce an operational model for understanding city-level resilience on land expansion that integrates economic, social and environmental dimensions of ecosystems. Using multi-source data and employing spatial analysis methods, urban resilience is assessed from 1995 to 2015 in Tianjin, China as an illustration following the phases of the operational model. The results indicate that land expansion has a great influence on urban resilience, given economic resilience increases but simultaneous social and environmental resilience decrease. The findings suggest (i) urban resilience should be incorporated into the planning process that helps to balance the multiple tradeoffs involved; (ii) land use regulations are necessary to manage land by controlling the quantity and quality of land uses; (iii) local governments should be involved to make tailor-made strategies to enhance a concerted action of successful practice.
... Currently, the poor's level of participation is very low and for mainstreaming the opinions of the poor in the decision-making process, there are no formal mechanisms. So, the participation of people from income groups in the society (especially poor) is obviously constrained as overall participation is not significant enough [43,44]. ...
For any development initiative to be met, planning is crucial which involves choice making for societies and individuals to pursue the stated goals. Bangladesh, a rapidly growing country, faces several problems ranging from finding the effective ways of tackling urban poverty to deal with unplanned urbanization. The emergence of a bottom-up participatory approach reflecting the needs and demand of all social strata in the plan-making process is a far cry for countries like Bangladesh. However, despite strong and firm policy guidelines for enhancing the participatory planning approach, lack of strong role of city development authorities and communication gap, their bureaucratic decision making mind setup predominantly hinders the way to ensure pro-poor participation in policy making and people-centered planning in Bangladesh. Therefore, this particular research focuses on the investigation of necessity and manifestation of communicative rationale in the plan-making process, challenges as well as the level of participation required in the people-centered pro-poor planning in Bangladesh. The overarching methodological approach adopted for this study is case study approach including the interview of a local urban planner to recognize his own spatial needs, views on urban places as well as spatial footprints in the major cities of Bangladesh followed by his notion regarding the local and national plan-making process to generate a holistic view on the modes of planning in a developing country setup like Bangladesh. This study investigates the contemporary challenges faced by major metropolises in Bangladesh (Dhaka and Khulna with a high concentration of urban poor) to ensure the bottom-up participatory planning approach with a major focus on formulating effective pro-poor urban planning through engaging the people in the national policy-making process. The analysis and discussion uses an amalgamation of both primary and secondary databases through review of relevant literatures and interview of the key informant (Local Urban Planner). Findings demonstrate that, both in the plan-making and problem identification process, the participation of the urban poor, as well as general people, was negligible. This furthermore results in the failure of the national polices and priority setting process to address the demands and needs of the urban poor properly in Bangladesh. The findings of this study will act as a baseline for wider and growing pro-poor participatory planning literature.
... The rivers around Dhaka city are increasingly being polluted as a result of mixing huge litters of toxic waste for industrial sectors as well as sewage lines. And also, reckless petroleum discharge from various water vehicles is more polluting the river water (Roy, 2009). Bangladesh Poribesh Andolon (BAPA) reported that about 6000 tons of liquid waste is dumped into the Buriganga each day. ...
The level of urbanization worldwide rises. The increase in urban population stimulates economic growth, improvements in healthcare and education systems, and the creation of new jobs. However, the concentration of urban population leads to air and water pollution, the depletion of arable land, and other challenges. These issues hinder the achievement of sustainable development in countries. To regulate and control this issue, government authorities worldwide are developing and implementing strategies and development plans for cities to steer the urbanization process towards the desired sustainable development indicators. To gauge the success of these strategies, a set of indicators has been developed to show the resilience of urban development. The list of indicators varies significantly in global practices as they are tailored to specific city needs. This paper presents a list of indicators that are consistently applied across six strategies for the development of Ukrainian cities (Kharkiv, Kyiv, Lviv, Odesa, Dnipro, Vinnytsia). The indicators are grouped into three categories: economic, social, and environmental. For each indicator in these categories, a standardized unit of measurement was established, and additional indicators that may not be directly comparable but are included in international urban sustainability indicator lists were also incorporated. This set of indicators is not comprehensive and can be adjusted – either expanded or reduced – as needed to align with the city's short-term and long-term sustainable development plans. Through comparative analysis, measures are justified regarding the use of indicators to assess the sustainability of city development. This study demonstrates the necessity of aligning the indicator selection process based on benchmark indicators derived from advanced global experiences, taking into account successful practices. Future research will strive to combine these indicators to establish a universal approach for calculating a city's sustainable development index. Such an index would provide a valuable tool for policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders to monitor progress, identify areas needing improvement, and implement targeted interventions. By fostering a holistic and integrated approach to urban development, cities can achieve sustainability goals, enhance the quality of life for their residents, and contribute to global efforts in promoting sustainable urbanization.
Kentleşme ülkenin gelişimine katkıda bulunduğu kadar beraberinde bazı problemleri de getiren bir olgudur. Sürdürülebilir kentleşme ise kentlerin büyümelerini toplumun ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel düzeylerinde ve sürdürülebilir bir şekilde gerçekleştirebilmesidir. Türkiye son yıllarda hızlı bir kentleşmeye maruz kalmakta ve kentlerde yaşayan insan sayısı artış göstermektedir. Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir kentleşme üzerine yapılan çalışmalar sınırlı olmakla birlikte, literatürde yıllara göre sürdürülebilir kentleşme performansının değerlendirildiği bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 2000-2019 yılları arasındaki sürdürülebilir kentleşme performansının ölçülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Türkiye’nin sürdürülebilir kentleşmesinin ölçülmesinde sosyo-ekonomik ve çevresel değişkenler yapısal eşitlik modelinde kullanılmaktadır. Modelin tahmin edilmesinde ise ikinci mertebeden doğrulayıcı faktör analizi kullanılmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, 2016 yılı ve sonrasında çevrecilik performansında ciddi bir artış kaydedildiği görülmektedir. Çevrecilik performansı ve görece daha durağan bir artış gösteren sosyo-ekonomik performansın, ülkenin sürdürülebilir kentleşme performansı üzerinde hemen hemen aynı düzeyde bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmektedir.
Albeit, urban encroachment to peri-urban areas is a global phenomenon, dimensions of such peri-urban growth vary depending on the context. There little evidence exists in the literature on the main factors effecting such variation. This study aims to explore the main factors influencing peri-urban growth in developing and developed country contexts. The paper investigates the influencing factors from the following four distinctive lenses: (a) Physical growth; (b) Socioeconomic status; (c) Climate change impacts; and; (d) Policy and governance. The methodological steps of the investigation include demarcating peri-urban boundaries with night-time light data, and conducting change analysis with Landsat data. By taking the Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan area (Bangladesh) and Brisbane and its adjoining local government areas (Australia) as comparative cases, this study explores physical growth patterns in a 30-year period (between 1989 and 2019), along with implications of government policies in regulating these changes. The findings disclose that unique socioeconomic settings of a country exert significant influence on urban growth policy formulation and enforcement. This, in turn, responds to peri-urban growth differently between developing and developed countries. The insights generated from this comparative study informs policymaking, planning and monitoring circles in developing and developed country contexts.
As the number of disaster events in all parts of the world increases, studies on the topic of community resilience and spatial planning are also increasing because of its role is believed can minimize the risk of exposure to disasters. This study aims to investigate the various kinds of published work related to this research topic worldwide to give meaningful insights on the trend of preceding publications. This study performed a bibliometric analysis of the community resilience and spatial planning related papers published between 2000 and 2021. Based on the keywords selected, the study obtained 144 scholarly documents associated to research topic from the Scopus online database as of August 2021. Authors then employed some tools for further analysis including Microsoft Excel to conduct the frequency analysis, Harzing’s Publish or Perish for citation metric and analysis, and VOSviewer for data visualization purpose. The findings of basic bibliometric statistics are presented in this paper, with a focus on the rate of publication growth, citation analysis, and research productivity. Since 2000, the growth rate of literature in community resilience and spatial planning has increased gradually year by year. Most of the articles were published in journals and conferences, the majority of which were in English. Many of the research was in the field of social sciences and environmental sciences. The urban planning and community resilience were the most frequently used keywords, representing the main areas of research covered by the research topic. Most of the community resilience and spatial planning related research was conducted in United States. This study proposes that research on community resilience and spatial planning should be conducted in other less developed countries, as the disaster's impact was affected mostly in these regions.
Contemporary urban development faces many uncertainties and complexities. Resilience research based on big data method provides new ideas for improving urban security. This paper analyzes the research on foreign urban security considering resilience from 1993 to 2018 with Citespace software. The big data algorithm provided by Citespace proves that the urban resilience research can be characterized by three aspects. Firstly, urban resilience and climate change adaptation are mostly at the national scale and regional scale, and there are few studies on community scale and family scale. In the future, the community scale should be emphasized to improve the research accuracy. Secondly, the urban resilience governance model and social dynamic mechanism should be based on the Chinese institutional background and localized and embodied and be socially fair. The combination of public participation, system resilience, economic resilience, and social resilience can still be further improved. Lastly, research can focus on interdisciplinary integration with geography, economics and sociology, considering big data and smart cities. The research scale should strengthen the comparative study of community scales.
Students of urban India have long missed a basic primer illustrating the country’s rich and varied city planning experiences in the post-independence period. Many routinely, and correctly, complain that foreign texts are frequently less relevant for comprehending the vast and diverse country’s distinctive planning trajectory shaping the many regional and urban contexts. In this sense, our own nagging frustrations, both as students and scholars of Indian city planning, provided the driving motivation for pursuing this effort in service of the field.By situating India’s city planning experience within the changing socio-political context over the past hundred or so years, this book aims to illustrate the development, scope and significance of professional planning work. The adopted approach also helps highlight the salience of India’s distinctive polity, including the development of its robust political democracy, ongoing social change, and rapid economic transition, in order to illustrate how laws, agencies and institutions for city planning and urban development have evolved since India’s independence. Although the book focuses primarily on the policies, programs, and projects undertaken during the post-independence period, we also provide a brief overview of the major colonial planning interventions in the opening chapter, highlighting continuities and disjunctions between the pre- and post-independence periods.
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