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Vadakkoot, S.H., P. Kumar, M. Sabu (2017) Pleione arunachalensis (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Arethuseae: Coelogyninae), a new species from North-East India. Phytotaxa 291 (4): 294–298.

Authors:
Hareesh V. S. at Malabar Botanical Garden and Institute for Plant Sciences
Hareesh V. S.
  • Malabar Botanical Garden and Institute for Plant Sciences
Pankaj Kumar at Florida International University
Pankaj Kumar
Sabu Mamiyil at Malabar Botanical Garden and IPS
Sabu Mamiyil
  • Malabar Botanical Garden and IPS
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Abstract

Pleione arunachalensis, a new species is described from Lower Dibang Valley district of Arunachal Pradesh, North-East India. Detailed descriptions, distribution, ecology, colour photographs and key to identification for Indian Pleione is provided.)
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Phytotaxa 291 (4): 294–298
http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/
Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article PHYTOTAXA
ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)
ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)
294 Accepted by Zhong-Jian Liu: 21 Nov. 2016; published: 18 Jan. 2017
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.291.4.7
Pleione arunachalensis (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Arethuseae: Coelogyninae),
a new species from North-East India
VADAKKOOT SANKARAN HAREESH1, PANKAJ KUMAR2,* & MAMIYIL SABU1
1Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Malappuram-673 635, Kerala, India
2Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Corporation, Lam Kam Road, Lam Tsuen, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
*For correspondence: pkumar@kfbg.org; msabu9@gmail.com
Abstract
Pleione arunachalensis, a new species is described from Lower Dibang Valley district of Arunachal Pradesh, North-East
India. Detailed descriptions, distribution, ecology, colour photographs and key to identification for Indian Pleione is pro-
vided.
Keywords: Pleione, new species, Arunachal Pradesh, section Humiles.
INTRODUCTION
The genus Pleione Don (1825: 36) belongs to family Orchidaceae and comprises of 22 species and five natural hybrids
(Govaerts et al. 2016) distributed in the Himalayas in India, Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, China apart from Bangladesh,
Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Taiwan (Cribb & Butterfield 1999; Chen et al. 2009; Govaerts et al. 2016). In
India, this genus is represented by six species (Pleione grandiflora, P. hookeriana, P. humilis, P. maculata, P. praecox
and P. saxicola) and one natural hybrid (P. × lagenaria) (Hooker 1890; Zhu 1998; Cribb & Butterfield 1999, Misra
2007). Genus is characterised by epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial herbs bearing annual pseudobulbs with tapering
apex, bearing one or two plicate, deciduous leaves. Inflorescence appears with or without leaf bearing 1 or 2 large and
showy flowers. Sepals and petals similar, but petals narrower; lip large, variegated, attached to the base of the column;
callus lamellate or papillose or cristate running in 2 or more rows; column slender, winged towards the upper portion
with erose apex; pollinia 4 in 2 pairs, waxy. Fruits clavate or fusiform. They are usually found growing on moist
shady or semi-open areas in association with moss. Chase et al. (2015) placed this genus in tribe Arethuseae, subtribe
Coelogyninae based on Gravendeel et al. (2001).
During the recent floristic explorations in Arunachal Pradesh, the authors collected an unknown Pleione species
from the Mayodia Passon the way to Anini from Roing, Lower Dibang Valley District. Detailed taxonomic studies
with the perusal of relevant literatures (Hooker 1890; Zhu 1998; Cribb & Butterfield 1999; Chen et al. 2009; Govaerts
et al. 2016) revealed this collection to be a new species belonging to section Humiles Zhu & Chen (1998: 462), being
a spring flowering species and morphologically close to Pleione chunii Tso (1933: 148) and P. hookeriana (Lindley
1854: 14) Rollisson (1875: 39) (Table 1). We describe this new species as Pleione arunachalensis.
TAXONOMIC TREATMENT
Pleione arunachalensis Hareesh, Kumar & M.Sabu sp. nov. (Fig. 1 & 2)
Type:—INDIA. Arunachal Pradesh: Lower Dibang Valley district, Mayodia, 2100m, 06 May 2016, V.S.Hareesh 143761 holotype: CALI!;
isotypes: CAL!, CALI!)
Diagnosis: Pleione arunachalensis sp. nov. shows affinity with P. chunii and P. hookeriana but differs from the latter two in having
broadly ovate lip with obtuse apex and minutely undulate margin; lip purple with brownish yellow towards the apex; 4 rows of
papillae on the disc and column apex truncate.
... It mainly distributes in China, Vietnam, Burma, Bangladesh and the Northeast Indian at elevation of 600-4200 m [4]. China is the central region, with 23 species distributed here and 12 of them are endemic [5][6][7][8]. ...
... In summary, five species have been commonly used in traditional medicines, but scientific studies have only been performed on three of them. More detailed research is needed to on Pleione. 4 4, 7-dihydroxy-1-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene Y [22,34] 33 (4 -hydroxy-3 -methoxyphenyl)-10-hydroxymethyl-11-methoxy-5, 6, 9, 10-tetrahydrophenanthrene [2, 3-b]furan-3-ol B [36] 5 2, 7-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-1-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene Y [22] 34 hydroxy-9-(4 -hydroxy-3 -methoxyphenyl)-11-methoxy-5, 6, 9, 10-tetrahydroohenanthrene-azaspiro [2, 3-b]furan-10-yl)methylethyl B [37] 6 1-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-4, 7-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene B [6] 35 Shanciol B, Y [15] 7 Pleioanthrenin F * [24] 36 Shanciol E B [20] 8 2, 7-dihydroxy-1-(p-Hydroxybenzyl)-4-methoxy-9, 10-diphenanthrene B, Y [22,33] ...
Chemical Constituents and Biological Activity Profiles on Pleione (Orchidaceae)
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2019
  • MOLECULES
Pleione (Orchidaceae) is not only famous for the ornamental value in Europe because of its special color, but also endemic in Southern Asia for its use in traditional medicine. A great deal of research about its secondary metabolites and biological activities has been done on only three of 30 species of Pleione. Up to now, 183 chemical compounds, such as phenanthrenes, bibenzyls, glucosyloxybenzyl succinate derivatives, flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, etc., have been obtained from Pleione. These compounds have been demonstrated to play a significant role in anti-tumor, anti-neurodegenerative and anti-inflammatory biological activities and improve immunity. In order to further develop the drugs and utilize the plants, the chemical structural analysis and biological activities of Pleione are summarized in this review.
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... The Guangxi type of one of the parents P. hookeriana were treated today as a separate species [P. chunii Tso (1933: 148)] by some authors (Chen et al. 2009;Cribb & Butterfield 2001;Hareesh et al. 2017). When it comes to the name "Pleione chunii", a long story has to be told. ...
... For example, a two-year observation on plants cultivated in Kunming after collected from southeastern Yunnan (Wenshan County) and northern Guangxi (Maoer Shan, Xing'an County) unraveled the differences in pseudobulb shape, flower size and flowering time. No stolon was observed in both populations but the Guangxi plants had larger pseudobulbs, larger flowers and earlier flowering time in April while the Yunnan plants had slim pseudobulbs, smaller flowers and a flowering time a month later (see also Hareesh et al. 2017). Flora of China distinguishes P. hookeriana and P. chunii by the row number of papillae on the lip. ...
Two new natural hybrids in the genus Pleione (Orchidaceae) from China
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2018
Several species in the genus Pleione (Orchidaceae) have same or overlapping geographical distribution in China. In this study, two new natural hybrids, Pleione × baoshanensis and Pleione × maoershanensis, were described and illustrated. The parentage for these two hybrids was confirmed using molecular data from ITS of the nuclear ribosomal, trnT-trnL spacer and trnL-trnF region (trnL intron and trnL-trnF spacer) of the plastid DNA. Pleione × baoshanensis is intermediate between P. albiflora and P. yunnanensis, and characterized by its erose lamellae on the lip. Meanwhile, Pleione × maoershanensis is intermediate between P. hookeriana (P. chunii) and P. pleionoides, and characterized by its deep lacerate lamellae on the lip. For the individuals tested, molecular data suggest that P. albiflora is the maternal parent of Pleione × baoshanensis, and P. hookeriana (P. chunii) is the maternal parent of Pleione × maoershanensis. The history and taxonomic status of P. chunii is also discussed.
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... This could be attributed to the location of the P. formosana sample (Alishan, Taiwan Island) or the P 1 chosen in the analysis. Moreover, P. arunachalensis is reportedly closer to P. humilis and P. chunii than the other species in the traditional classification (Vadakkoot et al., 2017). However, presently, it is closely related with P. coronaria and relatively far from P. humilis and P. chunii in both trees. ...
Origin and diversification of a Himalayan orchid genus Pleione
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2023
  • MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL
Pleione is an orchid endemically distributed in high mountain areas across the Hengduan Mountains (HDM), Himalayas, Southeast Asia and South of China. The unique flower shapes, rich colors and immense medicinal importance of Pleione are valuable ornamental and economic resources. However, the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the genus have not yet been comprehensively resolved. Here, the evolutionary history of Pleione was investigated using single-copy gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and chloroplast genome datasets. The data revealed that Pleione could be divided into five clades. Discordance in topology between the two phylogenetic trees and network and D-statistic analyses indicated the occurrence of reticulate evolution in the genus. The evolution could be attributed to introgression and incomplete lineage sorting. Ancestral area reconstruction suggested that Pleione was originated from the HDM. Uplifting of the HDM drove rapid diversification by creating conditions favoring rapid speciation. This coincided with two periods of consolidation of the Asian monsoon climate, which caused the first rapid diversification of Pleione from 8.87 to 7.83 Mya, and a second rapid diversification started at around 4.05 Mya to Pleistocene. The interaction between Pleione and climate changes, especially the monsoons, led to the current distribution pattern and shaped the dormancy characteristic of the different clades. In addition to revealing the evolutionary relationship of Pleione with orogeny and climate changes, the findings of this study provide insights into the speciation and diversification mechanisms of plants in the East Asian flora.
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... , 而未调查到的种类或居群, 也 从相关文献证实了其受到人为采挖的威胁 [6,[17][18] [42][43] , 随着基 因组信息的成功解析 [44] , 现代分子生物学手段已经充分应用于石斛属植物的开发利用方面的基础研究, 例如花色形成、 花发育、 抗逆和药用成分生物合成等 [45][46] 。 但是目前独蒜兰属植物相关的基础研究严 重滞后, 阻碍了该属植物产业化的推进。 例如, 独蒜兰属在我国人工栽培和育种工作仍处于起步阶段, 适应性强的观赏品种和专门的药用品种还比较缺乏 [3] 。 花色形成方面虽有少量研究 [47] , 但观赏植物开 发方面的花发育、 花期调控等方面的研究仍然比较薄弱。 全属也仅有少量种类进行过假鳞茎化学成分 的研究 [8,48] ...
独蒜兰属植物濒危状况评估及保护对策An assessment of the conservation status of Pleione species and implications for protection
Chapter
Full-text available
  • Sep 2021
兰科独蒜兰属（Pleione D. Don）植物是世界著名的观赏花卉，也是亚洲多国的传统药材。当前人工栽培技术尚不成熟，该属植物的需求严重依赖于野生资源，导致野外居群遭到严重破坏。本文通过世界主要标本馆的馆藏标本量统计和151个居群的野外实地调查，按照世界自然保护联盟物种红色名录（IUCN Red List）的相关标准，对26种（包括自然杂交种）独蒜兰属植物的濒危等级状况进行了综合评估。结果显示，该属所有种类都为受威胁状态。其中白花独蒜兰（P. albiflora）、藏南独蒜兰（P. arunachalensis）、艳花独蒜兰（P. aurita）和冠状独蒜兰（P. coronaria）等4个原生种为极危（CR）；陈氏独蒜兰（P. chunii）、黄花独蒜兰（P. forrestii）、大花独蒜兰（P. grandiflora）、矮小独蒜兰（P. humilis）、卡氏独蒜兰（P. kaatiae）、秋花独蒜兰（P. maculata）、岩生独蒜兰（P. saxicola）、二叶独蒜兰（P. scopulorum）等8个原生种为濒危（EN）；独蒜兰（P. bulbocodioides）、云南独蒜兰（P. yunnanensis）等7个原生种为易危（VU）。在7个自然杂交种中，除大理独蒜兰 （P. × taliensis）为濒危等级外，其余6个均为极危等级。鉴于人为过度采集是独蒜兰属植物最主要的致危因素，而目前的保护区制度和法律执行层面对独蒜兰属植物的保护作用有限，我们认为唯有产业化才能促进独蒜兰属植物的保护和可持续利用。因此，笔者建议加强独蒜兰属产业化相关的基础研究，尽早促成独蒜兰属植物的规模化人工栽培，以便从根源处缓解野生资源的采集压力，最终达到保护濒危物种的目的。 The genus Pleione (Orchidaceae) holds world-famous ornamental plants and traditional medicine in Asia. Without well-established technology for artificial cultivation, the utilization of Pleione largely depends on collection of wild plants, which caused serious damage to wild populations. In this study, the conservation status of 26 Pleione species (including natural hybrids) were assessed based on the statistics of herbarium specimen numbers and investigations of 151 wild populations. According to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, all members in the genus warrant a threatened category. Among which, P. albiflora, P. arunachalensis, P. aurita and P. coronaria were assessed as Critically Endangered (CR), P. chunii, P. forrestii, P. grandiflora, P. humilis, P. kaatiae, P. maculata, P. saxicola and P. scopulorum were assessed as Endangered (EN), while P. bulbocodioides and other 6 species were assessed as Vulnerable (VU). All 7 natural hybrids, which we believe deserved protection just as species, were assessed as CR except P. × taliensis, which was EN. In view of the fact that over-collection is the most conspicuous cause of threatened status for Pleione species, and neither nature reserves nor laws in China are capable to provide sufficient protection, we believe that only commercialized cultivation can promote conservation and sustainable utilization of Pleione. For this reason, we suggest more efforts should be put into the researches contributing to successfully large-scale cultivation of Pleione. Only under such circumstance will wild populations get a chance to alleviate from heavy collection pressure and endangered species be effectively protected.
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... Pleione Don (1825: 36; Orchidaceae) comprises 22 species and five natural hybrids (Govaerts et al. 2016) distributed in China, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam (Cribb & Butterfield 1999, Chen et al. 2009). Recently, a new species, Pleione arunachalensis, was discovered by Vadakkoot et al. (2017). Due to different views on key morphological characters of the genus, four infrageneric classifications of Pleione have been proposed. ...
Pleione jinhuana (Arethuseae; Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae), a new species from China based on morphological and DNA evidence
Article
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  • Mar 2018
Pleione jinhuana, a new orchid from China, is illustrated and described based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Detailed morphological comparisons between the new species and other members of Pleione indicate that P. jinhuana is similar to P. bulbocodioides and P. formosana but differs in having a lip with an erose apical margin and lateral lobes not enfolding the column. To explore the phylogenetic position of this species, nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid DNA (matK exon, trnT-trnL spacer, trnL exon and trnL-trnF spacer) were sequenced for P. jinhuana and individuals of P. formosana collected in Taiwan, Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces. The morphological and molecular evidence support the hypothesis that P. jinhuana is a new species.
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Genetic relationship of Pleione based on the chloroplast genome
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  • Jan 2023
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Pleione (Orchidaceae) is a very famous horticultural plant with a high international reputation for its unique flower shape and abundant color. The small difference in morphological characteristics among Pleione species caused by weak reproductive isolation and easy hybridization makes the taxonomic status of individual species very confusing. Chloroplast (cp) genome information is of great significance for the study of plant phylogeny and taxonomy. In this study, the cp genomes of Pleione were sequenced and the complete cp structure and sequence characteristics of 19 species were compared and analyzed. The cp genome of Pleione species exhibited a conserved tetrad structure and each species encoded 135 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA and 8 RNA genes. The cp genome sizes of 19 Pleione were 157964-159269 bp and the length of LSC, SSC and IR were 85953-87172 bp, 18499-18712 bp, 26459-26756 bp, respectively. Palindromic and forward repeats accounted for a high proportion and the SSRs were mainly mononucleotide repeats in Pleione. Analysis of chloroplast sequence differences indicated that the differences in coding regions were smaller than those in non-coding regions, and the variation in LSC and SSC regions was greater than that in IR regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all Pleione species inferred from the cp genome were clustered together and received high support. However, the genetic relationship of Pleione plants is different from the current update system of this genus. Therefore, the demarcation of Pleione interspecific relationships still needs further investigation due to the lack of sufficient evidence. The cp genome serves as valuable information for the identification of Pleione species and the study of phylogenetic relationships.
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Explore the genetic diversity of the genus Pleione based on ITS and SCoT marker
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The genus Pleione is a perennial herb of Orchidaceae with high ornamental and medicinal value. In recent years, the demand for Pleione has continued to increase and rare wild resources have been severely damaged or even endangered. Genetic diversity analysis of Pleione is the key to effective utilization and protection of wild germplasm resources and the basis of breeding. In this study, the relationship and genetic diversity of 16 individuals of 11 species of Pleione were assessed for the first time by ITS and SCoT molecular markers. A total of 84 bands were obtained from 11 SCoT primers with an average of 7.6 bands per primer, of which 83 (99%) were polymorphic bands. The genetic distances of different species of Pleione were 0.005–0.271, the variation range of genetic similarity coefficients among different individuals was 0.4524–0.9048. The effective number of alleles (Ne), Shannon's information index (I) and Nei genetic diversity (H) in the total population were 1.54, 0.49 and 0.33, respectively. The present result demonstrate that the genetic relationship of Pleione species can be analyzed by ITS sequence and the SCoT marker can be used for the genetic variation analysis of Pleione due to its good versatility and polymorphism. This research is of great significance for the identification and breeding of Pleione species.
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