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Application Specific Tunneling Protocol Selection for Virtual Private Networks

Authors:
Sohely Jahan at University of Barishal
Sohely Jahan
  • University of Barishal
Md. Saifur Rahman
Md. Saifur Rahman
Md. Saifur Rahman
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Sajeeb Saha at Jagannath University - Bangladesh
Sajeeb Saha
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Abstract and Figures

The application scope of VPN is increasing day by day as the organizations are creating private networks through public Internet using VPN tunneling instead of leased line. VPN protocols are classified into site-to-site and remote access VPN which exhibits different set of characteristics in terms of security mechanism. But there is no VPN preferences based on the organizational application requirements. In this paper, different VPN tunneling protocols like GRE, IPSec, PPTP and L2TP with IPSec are analyzed to measure the performance in terms of throughput, RTT, Jitter and security parameters. The results exhibits that, GRE is preferable for delay and bandwidth sensitive application in context of site to site VPN and L2TP is more effective than PPTP for remote access VPN.
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    
   
   
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 
 
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        
        
         
        
        
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         
       
    
           
      
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
 
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      
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        
       
        
      
        
       
       
         
       
  
      
         
        
          
          
         
        
     
      
        
        
         
         

        
       
       
       
         
    
  
           

         
       
        
           
  
   
      
     
      
    
        
          
      
        
           
 
        
         
     
       
        
         
       
      
        
         

    
       
       
        
      
     
         
        
  
       
 
    
      
   
         
         
      
        
        
      
   
 

  
         
   
 
    
        
       
          
         
          
       
       
        
 
     
       
    
   
        

        
       
 
 
          
         
        
          
  
        
  
    
    
          
          
          
     
     

       
          
        
        
       
         
        
       
        
      
        
         
        
  
  
    
        
 
        
        
         
         
          
         
 
   
      
       
  
         
       
    
       
       
        
   
   
    
     
      
    
     
      
      
           
      
       
         
       
      
   
       
  
        
  
       
          
      
         
    
       
        
         
      
  
       
       
  
  
  
          
     
     
       
       
     
        
         
    
      
    
   
  
     
  
        
         
         
        
         
       
       

     
        
        
         
      
      
          
        
       
         
    
         
        

  
         
 
         
         
       
  
      
        
            
       
   
        
         
        
      
         
       
     
    
        

 
  
       
       
       
       
        
      
     
          
       
         
        
    
 
 
  
   
 
   
  
     
       
       
 
       
        
         
        
   
          
       
        
 
      
   

 
       
  
           
        
        
        
      
      

        
      
       
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  
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  
   
    
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       
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         
   
        
        
       
  
         
        
         
        
       
      
  
       
        
        
         
       
        
       
         
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  
       
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       
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       
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         
         
       
   
        
  
        
       
   
         
          
        
        
      

        
        
        
        
        
        
       
     
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      
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          
          
          
          
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 
        
     
          
          
     
     
         
         
          
        
         

         
      
         
      
 
      
       
      
        
        
 
 








 



 



 

 
 

 

   

   




 
      
        
        
         
       
       
    
          
  
      
      
      
         
    
       
       
      
        
     
 

      
 
    
        
        
         
   
   
       
        
     
     

   
           
    
       
       
       
        

        
        
      
       
   
       
  
        
        
 
          
       
  
 
   
     
           
        
     
        
      
      
          
        
     
  
        
   
   
         
      

 
   
      
   
          
        
       
         
         
 
         
   
      
         
    
 
       
   
         
         
        
     
      
        
 
         
       
      
     
... Protokol VPN diklasifikasikan ke dalam situs-kesitus dan VPN akses jarak jauh, yang menunjukkan serangkaian fitur yang berbeda dalam hal mekanisme keamanan [26]. Untuk mencapai hal tersebut digunakan VPN yang menggunakan beberapa protokol yang aman [27]. ...
Implementasi dan Perbandingan Keamanan PPTP dan L2TP/IPsec VPN (Virtual Private Network)
Article
  • May 2023
VPN merupakan teknologi yang dapat membuat jaringan privat dengan memanfaatkan jaringan publik untuk mengamankan proses pertukaran data. Teknologi VPN biasanya digunakan untuk menghubungkan unit dan kantor cabang, yaitu dengan membangun terowongan antara dua lokasi. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan utama untuk mengimplementasikan jaringan VPN antara cabang dan kantor cabang dengan penambahan jaringan keamanan untuk melindungi data agar tidak terkomunikasikan. Hal ini juga yang peneliti lakukan dalam makalah ini dengan membandingkan protokol VPN PPTP (Point-To-Point Tunneling Protocol) dan L2TP/IPsec (Layer Two Tunneling Protocol) menggunakan algoritma MPEE dan kunci enkripsi RSA RC4 128 untuk PPTP dan SHA -1 algoritma dengan AES 128 CBC, AES 128 CTR, enkripsi AES 128 GCM untuk protokol L2TP/IPsec. Setiap pengujian diberi beban lalu lintas unggah dan unduh sebesar 10MB, 20MB, dan 30MB. Hasil QoS (Quality of Service) yang meliputi throughput, packet loss, delay, dan jitter semuanya disajikan secara deskriptif dalam hasil penelitian ini. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian keamanan jaringan menggunakan Sniffing tanpa VPN, Sniffing PPTP, dan Sniffing L2TP. Pengujian keamanan jaringan menunjukkan bahwa data telah berhasil dienkripsi karena dalam pengujian keamanan ini Anda juga melihat aspek kerahasiaan apakah sudah terpenuhi atau belum. Kata Kunci: VPN; PPTP; L2TP/IPsec; Quality of Service; SecurityABSTRACTVPN is a technology that can create a private network by utilizing public network so that the data exchange process becomes secure. VPN technology is typically used to connect the unit and Branch offices, namely by constructing a tunnel between the two locations. This research has the main objective of implementing a VPN network between Branches and Branch offices with the addition of a security network to protect the data to be communicated. This is also what the researchers did in this paper by comparing the VPN protocols PPTP (Point-To-Point Tunnelling Protocol) and L2TP/IPsec (Layer Two Tunnelling Protocol) using the MPEE Algorithm and RSA RC4 encryption key 128 for PPTP and the SHA-1 Algorithm with AES 128 CBC, AES 128 CTR, AES 128 GCM encryption for L2TP/IPsec protocol. Each test is assigned upload and download traffic loads of 10MB, 20MB and 30MB. The QoS (Quality of Service) results including throughput, packet loss, delay, jitter all presented descriptively in the results of this study. Then the network security test is performed using Sniffing without VPN, PPTP Sniffing and L2TP Sniffing. The network security test shows that the data has been successfully encrypted because in this security test you also see the confidentiality aspect whether it has been met or not.
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... In a multi-cloud environment, differences in implementing fundamental computing paradigms and standards can cause significant security issues and introduce potential attack vectors [30]. For instance, encryption offerings and capabilities of different cloud platforms make it challenging for an organization to standardize a single security mechanism for storing and managing data. ...
Systemic Risk and Vulnerability Analysis of Multi-cloud Environments
Preprint
Full-text available
  • Jun 2023
With the increasing use of multi-cloud environments, security professionals face challenges in configuration, management, and integration due to uneven security capabilities and features among providers. As a result, a fragmented approach toward security has been observed, leading to new attack vectors and potential vulnerabilities. Other research has focused on single-cloud platforms or specific applications of multi-cloud environments. Therefore, there is a need for a holistic security and vulnerability assessment and defense strategy that applies to multi-cloud platforms. We perform a risk and vulnerability analysis to identify attack vectors from software, hardware, and the network, as well as interoperability security issues in multi-cloud environments. Applying the STRIDE and DREAD threat modeling methods, we present an analysis of the ecosystem across six attack vectors: cloud architecture, APIs, authentication, automation, management differences, and cybersecurity legislation. We quantitatively determine and rank the threats in multi-cloud environments and suggest mitigation strategies.
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Addressing Data Challenges to Drive the Transformation of Smart Cities
Article
  • May 2024
Cities serve as vital hubs of economic activity and knowledge generation and dissemination. As such, cities bear a significant responsibility to uphold environmental protection measures while promoting the welfare and living comfort of their residents. There are diverse views on the development of smart cities, from integrating Information and Communication Technologies into urban environments for better operational decisions to supporting sustainability, wealth, and comfort of people. However, for all these cases, data is the key ingredient and enabler for the vision and realization of smart cities. This article explores the challenges associated with smart city data. We start with gaining an understanding of the concept of a smart city, how to measure that the city is a smart one, and what architectures and platforms exist to develop one. Afterwards, we research the challenges associated with the data of the cities, including availability, heterogeneity, management, analysis, privacy, and security. Finally, we discuss ethical issues. This article aims to serve as a “one-stop shop” covering data-related issues of smart cities with references for diving deeper into particular topics of interest.
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Dynamic access control method for SDP-based network environments
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2023
  • EURASIP J WIREL COMM
With online work environments and other distributed computing systems—such as cloud technologies or Internet of Things systems—becoming increasingly popular today due to the COVID-19 pandemic and general technological advances, the question of how to keep them secure has also become a pertinent concern. With this increased dependence on online systems for companies, cyberattacks have also been on the rise. To protect terminal devices, many companies have resorted to implementing a single boundary-defense model. This method has yielded positive results in securing the network from external threats, but it does not effectively protect network from internal security threats. With the vulnerabilities in the internal network security in mind, a dynamic access control method used with a zero-trust software-defined perimeter security model could be a viable solution. This study proposes a dynamic access control method using an engine with a new reward and penalty point-based system (RP Engine) and a dynamic task engine (DT Engine) for a zero-trust SDP security model.
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Performance Analysis of VOIP over GRE Tunnel
Article
Full-text available
  • Nov 2015
Voice over IP (VoIP) is commonly known as phone service over the Internet. Any service using public IP network requires certain extent of security. Demand for security in VOIP technology is increasing. VPN is one of the commonly used methods to secure VOIP traffic. In this paper we simulated behavior of a VOIP communication while running over a GRE VPN Tunnel using OPNET Modeler 17.5. During the simulation, such performance parameters as: choice of voice signaling protocol, voice Codec, parameters arising from network QoS (in this study, homogenous vs. heterogeneous network environment) and type of VPN tunneling protocol, were examined. We evaluated performance of VOIP communications in homogenous and heterogeneous network environments, configured based on two different signaling protocols, namely H.323 and SIP. Also, G.711 and G.723 were configured and tested as the choice for voice Codecs. GRE was implemented as the tunneling protocol. Result analysis of this study indicated that GRE Tunnel didn't show a significant increase in such call quality of service (QoS) performance factors as: end-to-end delay, call setup time, or a decrease in call MOS value. Even though in a non-ideal (heterogeneous) network environment, call quality of service (QoS) performance factors shoed poor results; however, there was no significant evidence to suggest that GRE Tunnel is the root cause for such poor results.
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Design and Implementation of System and Network Security for an Enterprise with World Wide Branches
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2008
The basic reasons we care about information systems security are that some of our information needs to be protected against unauthorized disclosure for legal and competitive reasons; all of the information we store and refer to must be protected against accidental or deliberate modification and must be available in a timely fashion. We must also establish and maintain the authenticity (correct attribution) of documents we create, send and receive. Finally, the if poor security practices allow damage to our systems, we may be subject to criminal or civil legal proceedings; if our negligence allows third parties to be harmed via our compromised systems, there may be even more severe legal problems. Another issue that is emerging in e-commerce is that good security can finally be seen as part of the market development strategy. Consumers have expressed widespread concerns over privacy and the safety of their data; companies with strong security can leverage their investment to increase the pool of willing buyers and to increase their market share. We no longer have to look at security purely as loss avoidance: in today's marketplace good security becomes a competitive advantage that can contribute directly to revenue figures and the bottom line. Networks today run mission-critical business services that need protection from both external and internal threats. In this paper we proposed a secure design and implementation of a network and system using Windows environment. Reviews of latest product with an application to an enterprise with worldwide branches are given.
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Proper Virtual Private Network (VPN) Solution
Conference Paper
Full-text available
  • Oct 2008
A virtual private network (VPN) can be defined as a way to provide secure communication between members of a group through use of public telecommunication infrastructure, maintaining privacy through the use of a tunneling protocol and security procedures. There are many different VPN solutions out there, and just deciding which one to choose can be difficult since they all have advantages and disadvantages. VPNs can be categorized as Secure or Trusted VPNs, Client-based or Web-based VPNs, Customer Edge-based or Provider Edge-based VPNs, or Outsourced or In-house VPNs. These categories often overlap each other. In order to decide what VPN solutions to choose for different parts of the enterprise infrastructure, the chosen solution should be the one that best meets the requirements of the enterprise. The purpose of this paper is to serve as a basis when creating an enterprise WAN which connects sites and users together using VPN technology. The purpose of creating such a WAN is to allow the resources of a company to be remotely accessed.
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Educational Infrastructure Using Virtualization Technologies: Experience at Kaunas University of Technology
Article
  • Oct 2012
Many factors influence education nowadays. Educational institutions are faced with budget cuttings, outdated IT, data security management and the willingness to integrate remote learning at home. Virtualization technologies provide innovative solutions to the problems. The paper presents an original educational infrastructure using virtualization technologies implemented in a training process at Kaunas University of Technology. This infrastructure allows university students and staff to access virtual desktops and applications via Web, both in computer classes at the University, and for self-working at home. This paper introduces virtualization technologies of the implemented infrastructure highlighting the benefits, outlines functions of the infrastructure and presents research experiments of network load monitoring that have been performed to find out problems of the infrastructure.
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VPN IPSEC & SSL technology Security and management point of view
Conference Paper
  • Dec 2012
Mobility has driven the need for secure remote access from more locations, end point devices, platforms and environments. Correspondingly, Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology has quickly changed to meet this need. Increasingly, organizations are upgrading their remote access technology from legacy Internet Protocol Security (IPSec VPNs) to more sophisticated Secure Socket Layer VPN (SSL VPN) solutions. We propose to examine the differences between these VPN technologies and approach the accurate criteria for deciding what technology will fit better for networks access needs. In this paper, we will study VPN IPSEC and SSL VPN to have a clear idea about flexibility and security features that the two technologies offer; then help security managers to make the right decision when comparing both protocols Strengths and Weaknesses from a security and management perspective.
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Application Research of MPLS VPN All-in-One Campus Card Network Based on IPSec
Conference Paper
  • Aug 2012
This paper describes the MPLS VPN technology and IPSec protocol, and explains how the technology which is based on the IPSec MPLS VPN technology works and how to put this kind of technology into practice. Through the profound research of the advantages and disadvantages of the MPLS VPN and the IPSec technology, I have worked out a solution named the MPLS VPN ALL-in-One Card Network based on IPSec and its practicable model. This solution has not only the high-speed exchange of MPLS VPN, excellent quality of QoS and good expandability, but also the assurance of the high security and dependability of IPSec. This paper gives the detailed description of the comprehensive and effective applications of the MPLS VPN network technology used in the all-in-one campus card network in universities with multi-campuses in the multi-service system like the teaching, management, finance and the campus life, etc, by showing the campus network construction example between one university's main campus and its other campuses.
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The advantages and the implementation of SSL VPN
Article
  • Jul 2011
With the fantastic development of network in the last few years and the conception of SOHO, more and more mobile users are requesting to connect to the main office through the internet. From the company’s viewpoint, these connections must be safe with authentication and encryption in case the hacker could fetch their confidential information. VPN technology was developed according to such kind of requirements. Virtual Private Networks or VPNs allow corporate enterprises to extend access to their internal net¬works to external employees and partners over standard Internet public networks. VPN is the enabling technology which allows clients and partners to use standard public Internet ISPs and highspeed lines to access closed private networks. The two major types of VPN are IPSEC VPN and SSL VPN. SSL VPN is usually a better choice for remote access and IPSEC VPN is best suited for site-to-site VPN. Site-to-site IPSec connectivity between the main and remote sites is unaltered. The mobile worker needs only Internet access and supported software (web browser and operating system) to securely access the corporate
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Technical comparison analysis of encryption algorithm on site-to-site IPSec VPN
Article
  • Dec 2010
Virtual Private Network or VPN provide secure communication for remote users to access private data over public network. Although security is the main priority, the performance of VPN must also be considered. This paper presented how performance of VPN affected by choosing different encryption algorithms used by VPN devices. Analysis on performance of Windows Vista operating system was evaluated on a test-bed setup with combinations of encryption algorithms, different file sizes, and different protocols. Two encryption algorithms were used that are the AES 256 and 3DES and two hash algorithms that are MD5 and SHA-1 were used in the paper. Performance of the VPN is determined by the throughput parameter. Assessment task has found that different algorithms give different throughput readings. AES 256 - MD5 provide faster and more throughputs compared to other algorithm combination. Analysis also found that larger file size will reduce throughput of VPN, thus FTP performs faster than HTTP protocol.
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Implementation of IPSec Protocol
Article
  • Jan 2012
The aim of this paper is to present the implementation of IPSec Protocol. IPSec protocol provides an end user to end user traffic with ensuring authenticity and confidentiality of data packet. IP sec is a successor of the ISO standard Network Layer Security Protocol (NLSP). NLSP was based on the SP3 protocol that was published by NIST, but designed by the Secure Data Network System project of the National Security Administration (NSA). IPSec is officially specified by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in a series of Request for Comments addressing various components and extensions, including the official capitalization style of the term. IPSec defines encryption, authentication and key management routines for ensuring the privacy, integrity and authenticity of data in a VPN as the information traverses public IP networks. Because IPSec requires each end of the tunnel to have a unique address, special care must be taken when implementing IPSec VPNs in environments using private IP addressing based on network address translation. Fortunately, several vendors offer solutions to this problem. However, they add more management complexity.
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