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Land subsidence caused by solution mining in the Mogilno salt dome
Abstract and Figures
Occurrence of land surface subsidence is a result of rock salt extraction. The process is observed by geodetic measurements. On the Palędzie I salt mining field, such measurements are conducted every five years. The most recent series of measurements was carried out in 2009. The analysis of land levelling results indicated that a twin-centre subsidence is still being formed above the salt mining area. Its maximum load on the SW side of the salt dome exceeded -100 mm in 1986-2009. The second subsidence centre behind the NE edge pillar is 50% smaller than the first one. Along with the extraction moving up to shallower areas of the salt bed, the rate of land surface subsidence is increasing, with the decreasing perimeter of the depression. The indicators that describe the land surface subsidence - vertical displacement of benchmarks and the caverns volume - are presented on the function of time and a parameter, determining the distance from the measurement point to the exploitation field edges.
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... Given the preceding, numerous efforts are being made to monitor ground deformation during underground mining and groundwater exploitation. Land subsidence was initially monitored primarily through well observations [74,75], extensometers [76,77], fiber optics sensing [78,79], levelling [80,81] and GNSS [82,83]. Although ground-based monitoring allows for high accuracy in measuring land surface deformation in a small area, due to low spatial resolution and high cost, providing a more detailed map of ground deformation at a regional scale is difficult. ...
Land subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal induced by mining is a relatively unknown phenomenon. This is primarily due to the small scale of such movements compared to the land subsidence caused by deposit extraction. Nonetheless, the environmental impact of drainage related land subsidence remains underestimated. The research was carried out in the "Bogdanka" coal mine in Poland. First, the historical impact of mining on land subsidence and groundwater head changes was investigated. The outcomes of these studies were used to construct the influence method model. With field data, our model was successfully calibrated and validated. Finally, it was used for land subsidence estimation for 2030. As per the findings, the field of mining exploitation has the greatest land subsidence. In 2014, the maximum value of the phenomenon was 0.313 cm. However, this value will reach 0.364 m by 2030. The spatial extent of land subsidence caused by mining-induced drainage extends up to 20 km beyond the mining area's boundaries. The presented model provided land subsidence patterns without the need for a complex numerical subsidence model. As a result, the method presented can be effectively used for land subsidence regulation plans considering the impact of mining on the aquifer system.
... The caverns were set within a triangle grid of 100 m (330 ft). The cavern diameters range from 45 -55 m (145 -180 ft)(KORTAS, et al., 2013).The Underground Storage in Mogilno (Mogilno II) operated by the Polish Oil and Gas Company (PGNiG SA) has been under construction since 1993. The caverns were constructed within the Zechstein of the Mogilno salt dome(Figure 53) located between Poznan and Bydgoszcz 12 km (7.45 mi) to the west of the town of Mogilno. ...
Update of SMRI´s geological and geotechnical compilation on bedded salt and domal salt studies published in 2006 and 2008.
The dissertation examines the modelling of land subsidence caused by mining-induced drainage.
The doctorate consists of a cycle of three scientific publications that are thematically cohesive.
The research was conducted at the hard coal mine Lubelski Wegiel „Bogdanka” S.A. in Poland.
There are four distinct sections of the thesis. First, hydrogeological modelling of aquifer system mining drainage was performed. The drainage land subsidence resulting from underground mining were then simulated. This study's findings were used to examine land subsidence in the context of direct mining influences and the effect of underground mining on the aquifer system. The results of the study indicate that the impact of underground mining on the water environment is significantly greater than the land subsidence caused by the propagation of the post-mining void to the surface exclusively.
The dissertation contributes to a more accurate assessment of the effect of underground mineral resource extraction on the water environment. In addition, it paves the way towards additional analyses pertaining to the validation of surface deformation forecasts in mining areas and attempts to more effective mineral extraction in terms of preserving public safety in endangered areas.
The study presents results of laboratory testing of geomechanical properties for different rock types from the Mogilno salt bed, focusing on the determination of a dependence between the state of stress and the state of strain and on the description of the course of rheological processes. To realize this objective it was decided to study uniaxial compression and creep, constituting the basis for the determination of geomechanical properties. Recorded parameters were also used for comparison with those of salts in other bed structures. The Mogilno I rock salt bed, constituting the south-eastern part of the structure, had never been investigated in laboratory testing of geomechanical properties, in spite of the 20-year history of mining works in that area. Such studies were performed for the Mogilno II bed, where the Mogilno Underground Cavern Gas Storage Facility is located. The behaviour of analyzed rocks in conducted tests did not differ from that of rock salts from other beds. A large scatter of values between individual lithotypes needs to be stressed, which is probably connected with rock texture. Results presented here have considerable value for pure science, although they may not be used in case of engineering calculations. Such calculations also have to include the current state of geological and engineering conditions. Thus, it is necessary to obtain the biggest possible amount of information on lithology and mechanical characteristics of all rocks contained in the salt orogen.
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