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Development of a Rural Stormwater Management Model to Manage Water Quality in the Lake Huron Watersheds

Authors:
Pradeep Goel at Ontario Ministry of the Environment
Pradeep Goel
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Abstract and Figures

Stormwater models are frequently used in urban areas but have limitations in representing the hydrology, hydraulics, and hydrogeology in rural areas. The Rural Stormwater Management Model (RSWMM) has been developed in an effort to begin to address these limitations and maintain the capabilities of modelling urban areas. The RSWMM builds upon PCSWMM, which is a spatial decision support system for US EPA SWMM5, one of the most widely-used models developed and maintained by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The new RSWMM model was applied to five agricultural watersheds in the Lake Huron priority area.
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Development of a
Rural Stormwater Management Model
to Manage Water Quality in the Lake Huron Watersheds
October, 2014
Model
Rural
Stormwater Management
Project
Emmons & Olivier Resources, Inc.
Emmons & Olivier Resources, Inc.Emmons & Olivier Resources, Inc.
Ce projet a reçu le soutien fi nancier du gouvernement de l'Ontario.
Ce soutien n’indique pas l'approbation par le gouvernement de l'Ontario du contenu de ce document.
This project has received funding support from the Government of Ontario.
Such support does not indicate endorsement by the Government of Ontario of the contents of this material.
textanchor
Model
Rural
Stormwater Management
Project
Background photo by Telfer Wegg Photography, Courtesy Rural Stormwater Management Model Project
Inset photos by Daniel Holm Photogrpahy, Courtesy Rural Stormwater Management Model Project
Development of a Rural Stormwater Management Model
to Manage Water Quality in the Lake Huron Watersheds
- Final Report, October 2014
Primary Authors and Contributors
Technical Advisory Team
Alec Scott, Project Manager, ABCA
Pradeep Kumar Goel, MOECC
Kevin McKague, OMAFRA
Jo-Anne Harbinson, SVCA
Chris Van Esbroeck, MVCA
Girish Sankar, SCRCA
Steve Clark, SCRCA
Scott Abernethy, MOECC
Steve Jackson, MVCA
Emmons & Olivier Resources, Inc.
Cecilio Olivier
Ryan Fleming
Michael Talbot
Olivia McGuire
Computational Hydraulics International
Rob James
Nandana Perera
Emmons & Olivier Resources, Inc.
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Table of Contents
1Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 9
2Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 11
3Project Background .......................................................................................................... 13
3.1Purpose of Project ..................................................................................................................... 13
3.2Main Technical Contributors ...................................................................................................... 13
3.3Sentinel Watershed Descriptions .............................................................................................. 14
4Description of Model Platform ......................................................................................... 18
4.1Model Comparison ..................................................................................................................... 18
4.2Description of SWMM ................................................................................................................ 19
4.3Description of PCSWMM ........................................................................................................... 19
4.4Description of RSWMM ............................................................................................................. 19
5Software Modifications & Enhancements ....................................................................... 20
5.1Enhancements to PCSWMM ..................................................................................................... 20
5.2Agricultural BMPs ...................................................................................................................... 24
5.3Soil Erosion using MUSLE ......................................................................................................... 34
5.4In-Stream Processes ................................................................................................................. 44
5.5Parameter Seasonality .............................................................................................................. 46
5.6Dual Groundwater Equation ...................................................................................................... 48
6Watershed Model Construction ....................................................................................... 53
6.1Data Collection .......................................................................................................................... 53
6.2Data Processing ........................................................................................................................ 56
6.3Parameterization Methodology .................................................................................................. 58
6.4Model Calibration ....................................................................................................................... 64
6.5Winter Calibration .................................................................................................................... 102
7Modelling Results ........................................................................................................... 112
7.1Scenarios Modeled .................................................................................................................. 112
7.2Peak Flows and Volumes ........................................................................................................ 112
7.3Dissolved and Attached Pollutant Loadings ............................................................................ 114
8Model Application ........................................................................................................... 116
8.1Identifying Priority Areas .......................................................................................................... 116
8.2Using Scenarios to Assess BMPs ........................................................................................... 117
9Discussion & Recommendations .................................................................................. 121
9.1Required Level of Detail .......................................................................................................... 121
9.2Model Limitations ..................................................................................................................... 121
9.3Recommendations for Future Work ......................................................................................... 124
10Final notes ....................................................................................................................... 130
11References ....................................................................................................................... 131
Appendix AWatershed Maps ............................................................................................ 135
Appendix BLookup Tables and Auto-Expressions ........................................................ 137
Appendix B.1Lookup Tables ........................................................................................................... 137
Appendix B.2Auto-Expressions ...................................................................................................... 141
Appendix CParameterization ............................................................................................ 149
Appendix DModel Results ................................................................................................ 155
Appendix D.1Hydrographs .............................................................................................................. 157
Appendix D.2Pollutographs ............................................................................................................ 200
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Figures
Figure 1: Location Map of the Five Priority Watersheds ............................................................................. 12
Figure 2: Restructure Layer Window .......................................................................................................... 21
Figure 3: Replace Tool ................................................................................................................................ 22
Figure 4: New Replace Tool Editor ............................................................................................................. 22
Figure 5: Image adapted from Tomeretal.(2013) ...................................................................................... 25
Figure 6: Batch nitrate reduction in cattail mesocosms (from Kadlec and Knight (1995), p. 406). ............. 28
Figure 7: Screenshot Illustrating the Implementation of Conservation Tillage on a Soybean Field ........... 30
Figure 8: Screenshot of a Portion of the Table Window for a Field Layer .................................................. 31
Figure 9: Screenshot of the Treatment BMP Design Category in the Storage Attribute List ...................... 31
Figure 10: WASCOBs in the Bayfield North watershed. ............................................................................. 32
Figure 11: Cross-section of a typical WASCOB design. Source: Younker (2011). .................................... 33
Figure 12: Example Daily C-Factors for London Area ................................................................................ 41
Figure 13: Erosion Dialog Box through File Menu ...................................................................................... 42
Figure 14: Observed Measures of the Reaction Rate Constant for Separate Field Data Sets (Alexander et
al. 2009) ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 15: Time Pattern Editor Used to Apply Seasonal Variations in Subcatchment Parameters ........... 47
Figure 16: Seasonal Variation Time Patterns in Attribute Editor ................................................................ 48
Figure 17: Groundwater Parameters (Rossman 2010) ............................................................................... 49
Figure 18: Dupuit-Forchheimer Definitions (Huber and Dickinson 1992) ................................................... 50
Figure 19: Hooghoudt Definitions (Huber & Dickinson, 1992, p. 488) ........................................................ 51
Figure 20: Log-log plot showing correlation between observed stream flow and soluble reactive
phosphorus concentrations for Gully Creek in the Bayfield North watershed. ........................................... 63
Figure 21: Uncertainty of some subcatchment parameters ........................................................................ 66
Figure 22: Example of the Uncertainty Assignment window ....................................................................... 66
Figure 23: Pine River Calibration - Flow at Lurgan (Bridge 1) .................................................................... 69
Figure 24: Stage Discharge Curve for Lurgan Gauge (Bridge 1) ............................................................... 70
Figure 25: Water Level at Lurgan Gauge (Bridge 1) ................................................................................... 70
Figure 26: Discharge at Lurgan Gauge (Bridge 1) ...................................................................................... 71
Figure 27: Pine River – Uncalibrated NO2 Pollutograph at Ripley (Bridge 58) ........................................... 72
Figure 28: Pine River – Uncalibrated NO3 Pollutograph at Ripley (Bridge 58) ........................................... 73
Figure 29: Pine River - Uncalibrated SRP Pollutograph at Ripley (Bridge 58) ........................................... 74
Figure 30: Pine River - Uncalibrated TKN Pollutograph at Ripley (Bridge 58) ........................................... 75
Figure 31: Pine River - Uncalibrated SSC Pollutograph at Ripley (Bridge 58) ........................................... 76
Figure 32: Garvey-Glenn Calibration – Flow at Kerry’s Line (Culvert CB-20) ............................................ 77
Figure 33: Garvey-Glenn Calibration – NO2 Pollutograph at Kerry’s Line (Culvert CB-20) ........................ 78
Figure 34: Garvey-Glenn Calibration – NO3 Pollutograph at Kerry’s Line (Culvert CB-20) ........................ 79
Figure 35: Garvey-Glenn Calibration – SRP Pollutograph at Kerry’s Line (Culvert CB-20) ....................... 80
Figure 36: Garvey-Glenn Calibration – TKN Pollutograph at Kerry’s Line (Culvert CB-20) ....................... 81
Figure 37: Garvey-Glenn – Uncalibrated SSC Pollutograph at Kerry’s Line (Culvert CB-20) .................... 82
Figure 38: Bayfield North Calibration – Flow at Porters Hill Line (Culvert CH-G189) ................................. 83
Figure 39: Bayfield North Calibration – NO2 Pollutograph at Porters Hill Line (Culvert CH-G189) ............ 84
Figure 40: Bayfield North Calibration – NO3 Pollutograph at Porters Hill Line (Culvert CH-G189) ............ 85
Figure 41: Bayfield North Calibration – SRP Pollutograph at Porters Hill Line (Culvert CH-G189) ........... 86
Figure 42: Bayfield North Calibration – TKN Pollutograph at Porters Hill Line (Culvert CH-G189) ............ 87
Figure 43: Bayfield North Calibration – SSC Pollutograph at Porters Hill Line (Culvert CH-G189) ........... 88
Figure 44: Main Bayfield Calibration – Flow at Trick’s Creek (Culvert CH-B74) ........................................ 89
Figure 45: Bayfield River Watersheds ........................................................................................................ 90
Figure 46: Main Bayfield Calibration - NO2 Pollutograph at Trick’s Creek (Culvert CH-B74) ..................... 91
Figure 47: Main Bayfield Calibration – NO3 Pollutograph at Trick’s Creek (Culvert CH-B74) .................... 92
Figure 48: Main Bayfield Calibration - SRP Pollutograph at Trick’s Creek (Culvert CH-B74) .................... 93
Figure 49: Main Bayfield Calibration - TKN Pollutograph at Trick’s Creek (Culvert CH-B74) .................... 94
Figure 50: Main Bayfield Calibration - SSC Pollutograph at Trick’s Creek (Culvert CH-B74) .................... 95
Figure 51: Lambton Shores Calibration – Flow at Shashawandah (Bridge C12) ....................................... 96
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Figure 52: Lambton Shores Calibration – NO2 Pollutograph at Shashawandah (Bridge C13) ................... 97
Figure 53: Lambton Shores Calibration – NO3 Pollutograph at Shashawandah (Bridge C13) ................... 98
Figure 54: Lambton Shores Calibration - SRP Pollutograph at Shashawandah (Bridge C13) ................... 99
Figure 55: Lambton Shores Calibration - TKN Pollutograph at Shashawandah (Bridge C13) ................. 100
Figure 56: Lambton Shores – Uncalibrated SSC Pollutograph at Shashawandah (Bridge C13) ............. 101
Figure 57: Snow gauge catch correction factors from Anderson(1973) ................................................... 103
Figure 58: Garvey Glenn – Snow Depth Measurement Location (DLN20-08) ......................................... 105
Figure 59: Garvey Glenn – Winter Flow Calibration at Kerry's Line (CB-20) ............................................ 106
Figure 60: Garvey-Glenn – Winter Snow Depth Calibration at Tower Line Road (DLN20-08) ................ 107
Figure 61: Bayfield North – Snow Depth Measurement Locations (SGulyC59 & SStorGODM37) .......... 108
Figure 62: Bayfield North – Winter Snow Depth Calibration at Bettles (SGulyC59) ................................. 109
Figure 63: Bayfield North – Winter Snow Depth Calibration at Vermue (SStoGODM37) ........................ 110
Figure 64: Bayfield North – Winter Flow Calibration at Porters Hill Line (CH-G189) ................................ 111
Figure 65: Subcatchments in the Bayfield North watershed rendered to display nitrate (NO3
-) loading in
kg/ha for a simulation period from May to September, 2013. ................................................................... 116
Figure 66: Fields in the Bayfield North watershed rendered to display mean slope in %. ....................... 117
Figure 67: Subwatersheds (shown in dark green) and seven WASCOBs located upstream of culvert CH-
G182 in the upper Bayfield North watershed. ........................................................................................... 118
Figure 68: Soybean fields chosen for BMP implementation (shown in dark green) intersecting
subwatershed SGulyC53 in the upper Bayfield North watershed. Drainage from this subwatershed is
directed to culvert CH-G185...................................................................................................................... 119
Figure 69: Pine River Hydrograph at Point of Interest 1, Outfall J10-03O ................................................ 157
Figure 70: Pine River Hydrograph at Point of Interest 3, Junction J12-03J .............................................. 158
Figure 71: Pine River Hydrograph at Point of Interest 4, Junction J13-02J .............................................. 159
Figure 72: Pine River Hydrograph at Point of Interest 5, Junction J13-12J .............................................. 160
Figure 73: Pine River Hydrograph at Point of Interest 6, Conduit 58 ....................................................... 161
Figure 74: Pine River Hydrograph at Point of Interest 7, Conduit 76 ....................................................... 162
Figure 75: Pine River Hydrograph at Point of Interest 8, Junction J18-04J .............................................. 163
Figure 76: Pine River Hydrograph at Point of Interest 9, Junction J01-01O ............................................. 164
Figure 77: Garvey-Glenn Hydrograph at Point of Interest 1, Outfall JUN30-01O ..................................... 165
Figure 78: Garvey-Glenn Hydrograph at Point of Interest 2, Outfall JUN01-01O ..................................... 166
Figure 79: Garvey-Glenn Hydrograph at Point of Interest 3, Conduit CB-10 ........................................... 167
Figure 80: Garvey-Glenn Hydrograph at Point of Interest 5, Conduit CB-19 ........................................... 168
Figure 81: Garvey-Glenn Hydrograph at Point of Interest 6, Conduit CB-50 ........................................... 169
Figure 82: Garvey-Glenn Hydrograph at Point of Interest 7, Conduit CB-40 ........................................... 170
Figure 83: Garvey-Glenn Hydrograph at Point of Interest 8, Conduit CB-70 ........................................... 171
Figure 84: Garvey-Glenn Hydrograph at Point of Interest 9, Conduit CB-80 ........................................... 172
Figure 85: Garvey-Glenn Hydrograph at Point of Interest 10, Conduit CB-90 ......................................... 173
Figure 86: Garvey-Glenn Hydrograph at Point of Interest 11, Conduit CB-100 ....................................... 174
Figure 87: Garvey-Glenn Hydrograph at Point of Interest 12, Conduit CB-110 ....................................... 175
Figure 88: Bayfield North Hydrograph at Point of Interest 1, Outfall OF_GODM ..................................... 176
Figure 89: Bayfield North Hydrograph at Point of Interest 2, Outfall OF_GODL ...................................... 177
Figure 90: Bayfield North Hydrograph at Point of Interest 3, Outfall OF_GODJ ...................................... 178
Figure 91: Bayfield North Hydrograph at Point of Interest 4, Outfall OF_GODI ....................................... 179
Figure 92: Bayfield North Hydrograph at Point of Interest 5, Outfall OF_GODH ...................................... 180
Figure 93: Bayfield North Hydrograph at Point of Interest 6, Outfall OF_GODG ..................................... 181
Figure 94: Bayfield North Hydrograph at Point of Interest 7, Outfall OF_GODF ...................................... 182
Figure 95: Bayfield North Hydrograph at Point of Interest 8, Outfall OF_GulyC ...................................... 183
Figure 96: Bayfield North Hydrograph at Point of Interest 9, Outfall OF_GODD ...................................... 184
Figure 97: Bayfield North Hydrograph at Point of Interest 10, Outfall OF_GODA .................................... 185
Figure 98: Bayfield North Hydrograph at Point of Interest 11, Culvert CH-G188 ..................................... 186
Figure 99: Main Bayfield Hydrograph at Point of Interest 1, Outfall OUT01-02 ........................................ 187
Figure 100: Main Bayfield Hydrograph at Point of Interest 2, Conduit BW-B82 ....................................... 188
Figure 101: Main Bayfield Hydrograph at Point of Interest 3, Conduit BW-B80 ....................................... 189
Figure 102: Main Bayfield Hydrograph at Point of Interest 4, Conduit CH-B76 ........................................ 190
Figure 103: Lambton Shores Hydrograph at Point of Interest 1, Outfall J21-01O .................................... 191
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Figure 104: Lambton Shores Hydrograph at Point of Interest 2, Outfall J34-01O .................................... 192
Figure 105: Lambton Shores Hydrograph at Point of Interest 3, Conduit C16 ......................................... 193
Figure 106: Lambton Shores Hydrograph at Point of Interest 4, Conduit C13 ......................................... 194
Figure 107: Lambton Shores Hydrograph at Point of Interest 6, Outfall J02-01O .................................... 195
Figure 108: Lambton Shores Hydrograph at Point of Interest 7, Outfall J58-01O .................................... 196
Figure 109: Lambton Shores Hydrograph at Point of Interest 8, Conduit A9 ........................................... 197
Figure 110: Lambton Shores Hydrograph at Point of Interest 9, Junction J62-01J .................................. 198
Figure 111: Lambton Shores Hydrograph at Point of Interest 10, Conduit A5 ......................................... 199
Figure 112: Pine River Pollutograph at Point of Interest 1, Outfall J10-03O ............................................ 200
Figure 113: Pine River Pollutograph at Point of Interest 2, Conduit 1 ...................................................... 201
Figure 114: Pine River Pollutograph at Point of Interest 3, Junction J12-03J .......................................... 202
Figure 115: Pine River Pollutograph at Point of Interest 4, Junction J13-02J .......................................... 203
Figure 116: Pine River Pollutograph at Point of Interest 5, Junction J13-12J .......................................... 204
Figure 117: Pine River Pollutograph at Point of Interest 6, Conduit 58 .................................................... 205
Figure 118: Pine River Pollutograph at Point of Interest 7, Conduit 76 .................................................... 206
Figure 119: Pine River Pollutograph at Point of Interest 8, Junction J18-04J .......................................... 207
Figure 120: Pine River Pollutograph at Point of Interest 9, Junction J01-01O ......................................... 208
Figure 121: Garvey-Glenn Pollutograph at Point of Interest 1, Outfall JUN30-01O ................................. 209
Figure 122: Garvey-Glenn Pollutograph at Point of Interest 2, Outfall JUN01-01O ................................. 210
Figure 123: Garvey-Glenn Pollutograph at Point of Interest 3, Conduit CB-10 ........................................ 211
Figure 124: Garvey-Glenn Pollutograph at Point of Interest 4, Conduit CB-20 ........................................ 212
Figure 125: Garvey-Glenn Pollutograph at Point of Interest 5, Conduit CB-19 ........................................ 213
Figure 126: Garvey-Glenn Pollutograph at Point of Interest 6, Conduit CB-50 ........................................ 214
Figure 127: Garvey-Glenn Pollutograph at Point of Interest 7, Conduit CB-40 ........................................ 215
Figure 128: Garvey-Glenn Pollutograph at Point of Interest 8, Conduit CB-70 ........................................ 216
Figure 129: Garvey-Glenn Pollutograph at Point of Interest 9, Conduit CB-80 ........................................ 217
Figure 130: Garvey-Glenn Pollutograph at Point of Interest 10, Conduit CB-90 ...................................... 218
Figure 131: Garvey-Glenn Pollutograph at Point of Interest 11, Conduit CB-100 .................................... 219
Figure 132: Garvey-Glenn Pollutograph at Point of Interest 12, Conduit CB-110 .................................... 220
Figure 133: Bayfield North Pollutograph at Point of Interest 1, Outfall OF_GODM .................................. 221
Figure 134: Bayfield North Pollutograph at Point of Interest 2, Outfall OF_GODL ................................... 222
Figure 135: Bayfield North Pollutograph at Point of Interest 3, Outfall OF_GODJ ................................... 223
Figure 136: Bayfield North Pollutograph at Point of Interest 4, Outfall OF_GODI .................................... 224
Figure 137: Bayfield North Pollutograph at Point of Interest 5, Outfall OF_GODH .................................. 225
Figure 138: Bayfield North Pollutograph at Point of Interest 6, Outfall OF_GODG .................................. 226
Figure 139: Bayfield North Pollutograph at Point of Interest 7, Outfall OF_GODF ................................... 227
Figure 140: Bayfield North Pollutograph at Point of Interest 8, Outfall OF_GulyC ................................... 228
Figure 141: Bayfield North Pollutograph at Point of Interest 9, Outfall OF_GODD .................................. 229
Figure 142: Bayfield North Pollutograph at Point of Interest 10, Outfall OF_GODA ................................ 230
Figure 143: Bayfield North Pollutograph at Point of Interest 11, Culvert CH-G188 .................................. 231
Figure 144: Bayfield North Pollutograph at Point of Interest 12, Culvert CH-G189 .................................. 232
Figure 145: Main Bayfield Pollutograph at Point of Interest 1, Outfall OUT01-02 .................................... 233
Figure 146: Main Bayfield Pollutograph at Point of Interest 2, Conduit BW-B82 ...................................... 234
Figure 147: Main Bayfield Pollutograph at Point of Interest 3, Conduit BW-B80 ...................................... 235
Figure 148: Main Bayfield Pollutograph at Point of Interest 4, Conduit CH-B76 ...................................... 236
Figure 149: Main Bayfield Pollutograph at Point of Interest 5, Conduit CH-B74 ...................................... 237
Figure 150: Lambton Shores Pollutograph at Point of Interest 1, Outfall J21-01O .................................. 238
Figure 151: Lambton Shores Pollutograph at Point of Interest 2, Outfall J34-01O .................................. 239
Figure 152: Lambton Shores Pollutograph at Point of Interest 3, Conduit C16 ........................................ 240
Figure 153: Lambton Shores Pollutograph at Point of Interest 4, Conduit C13 ........................................ 241
Figure 154: Lambton Shores Pollutograph at Point of Interest 5, Conduit C12 ........................................ 242
Figure 155: Lambton Shores Pollutograph at Point of Interest 6, Outfall J02-01O .................................. 243
Figure 156: Lambton Shores Pollutograph at Point of Interest 7, Outfall J58-01O .................................. 244
Figure 157: Lambton Shores Pollutograph at Point of Interest 8, Conduit A9 .......................................... 245
Figure 158: Lambton Shores Pollutograph at Point of Interest 9, Junction J62-01J ................................ 246
Figure 159: Lambton Shores Pollutograph at Point of Interest 10, Conduit A5 ........................................ 247
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Tables
Table 1: Sentinel Watershed Facts ............................................................................................................. 14
Table 2: Land use summary by watershed for the 24 RSWMM land use categories. ................................ 15
Table 3: Nitrate-N and Total Phosphorus concentrations in hand (grab) and ISCO samples collected
2011-14. ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
Table 4: Comparison table of model platforms. .......................................................................................... 18
Table 5: Reduction of Pollutants by Agricultural BMPs. ............................................................................. 29
Table 6: MUSLE Parameters ...................................................................................................................... 35
Table 7: RSWMM Sentinel Watershed Land Use C-Factor Categorization ............................................... 37
Table 8: RSWMM C-Factor Categories ...................................................................................................... 40
Table 9: Soil Stoniness Classification and CFRG ....................................................................................... 43
Table 10: Bayfield North Gully Creek Field SWAT Summary ..................................................................... 44
Table 11: Climate, Water Level, and Water Quality Monitoring Stations .................................................... 53
Table 12: Depressional Storage Values (Rossman 2010) .......................................................................... 60
Table 13: Manning’s Roughness (n) for Overland Flow (Rossman 2010) .................................................. 60
Table 14: Manning’s N and Depressional Storage Relationship ................................................................ 61
Table 15: Summary of observed water quality data. .................................................................................. 62
Table 16: Pollutant Attributes ...................................................................................................................... 64
Table 17: Flow Calibration Locations .......................................................................................................... 65
Table 18: Summary of Quantity Calibration Results ................................................................................... 67
Table 19: Summary of Quality Calibration Results NSE ............................................................................. 68
Table 20: Summary of Garvey-Glenn Quality Calibration Results NSE at Kerry’s Line (CB-20) ............... 78
Table 21: Summary of Bayfield North Quality Calibration Results NSE at Porters Hill Line (CH-G189).... 84
Table 22: Summary of Main Bayfield Quality Calibration Results NSE at Trick’s Creek (CH-B74) ........... 91
Table 23: Summary of Lambton Shores Quality Calibration Results NSE at Shashawandah (C13) ......... 97
Table 24: Summary of Winter Calibration Results .................................................................................... 111
Table 25: Pine River Model Results – Peak Flow and Runoff Volume ..................................................... 112
Table 26: Garvey-Glenn Model Results – Peak Flow and Runoff Volume ............................................... 113
Table 27: Bayfield North Model Results – Peak Flow and Runoff Volume ............................................... 113
Table 28: Main Bayfield Model Results – Peak Flow and Runoff Volume ................................................ 113
Table 29: Lambton Shores Model Results – Peak Flow and Runoff Volume ........................................... 114
Table 30: Pine River Model Results – Pollutant Loadings ........................................................................ 114
Table 31: Garvey-Glenn Model Results – Pollutant Loadings .................................................................. 114
Table 32: Bayfield North Model Results – Pollutant Loadings .................................................................. 115
Table 33: Main Bayfield Model Results – Pollutant Loadings ................................................................... 115
Table 34: Lambton Shores Model Results – Pollutant Loadings .............................................................. 115
Table 35: Impact of WASCOBs on water quantity and quality at culvert CH-G182 for a simulation period
from May to September, 2013. ................................................................................................................. 118
Table 36: Example of the impact of various BMPs on water quantity and quality at culvert CH-G185 for a
simulation period from May to October, 2013. .......................................................................................... 120
Table 37: Reported water quality values by watershed. ........................................................................... 127
Table 38: Subcatchment Infiltration Parameterization by Soil Type ......................................................... 137
Table 39: Subcatchment Erosion Parameterization By Soil Type ............................................................ 137
Table 40: Subcatchment Parameterization By Land Use ......................................................................... 138
Table 41: Subcatchment Land Use Percentage ....................................................................................... 139
Table 42: Transect Manning's n ................................................................................................................ 140
Table 43: Auto-Expressions for Fields Layer ............................................................................................ 141
Table 44: Auto-Expressions for Junction and Outfall Treatment Parameters .......................................... 146
Table 45: Auto-Expressions for Storage Treatment Parameters .............................................................. 146
Table 46: Subcatchment Attributes ........................................................................................................... 149
Table 47: Conduit Attributes...................................................................................................................... 151
Table 48: Transect Attributes .................................................................................................................... 152
Table 49: Junction Attributes .................................................................................................................... 152
Table 50: Outfall Attributes........................................................................................................................ 153
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Table 51: Storage Attributes ..................................................................................................................... 153
Table 52: Land Use Attributes .................................................................................................................. 154
Table 53: Pine River Points of Interest ..................................................................................................... 155
Table 54: Garvey-Glenn Points of Interest ................................................................................................ 155
Table 55: Bayfield North Points of Interest ............................................................................................... 155
Table 56: Main Bayfield Points of Interest ................................................................................................ 156
Table 57: Lambton Shores Points of Interest ............................................................................................ 156
Watershed Maps
Figure A.1: Pine River Watershed
Figure A.2: Pine River Watershed Land Use
Figure A.3: Pine River Watershed Soils
Figure A.4: Garvey-Glenn Watershed
Figure A.5: Garvey-Glenn Watershed Land Use
Figure A.6: Garvey-Glenn Watershed Soils
Figure A.7: Bayfield North Watershed
Figure A.8: Bayfield North Watershed Land Use
Figure A.9: Bayfield North Watershed Soils
Figure A.10: Main Bayfield Watershed
Figure A.11: Main Bayfield Watershed Land Use
Figure A.12: Main Bayfield Watershed Soils
Figure A.13: Lambton Shores Watershed
Figure A.14: Lambton Shores Watershed Land Use
Figure A.15: Lambton Shores Watershed Soils
Figure A.16: Pine River Watershed Points of Interest
Figure A.17: Garvey-Glenn Watershed Points of Interest
Figure A.18: Bayfield North Watershed Points of Interest
Figure A.19: Main Bayfield Watershed Points of Interest
Figure A.20: Lambton Shores Watershed Points of Interest
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Abbreviations
ABCA Ausable Bayfield Conservation Authority
BMP Best management practice
BN Bayfield North
CHI Computational Hydraulics International
EOR Emmons and Olivier Resources, Inc.
GG Garvey-Glenn
GIS Geographic Information System
LHSSESC Lake Huron Southeast Shores Executive Steering Committee
LS Lambton Shores
MASL Metres Above Sea Level
MB Main Bayfield
MNRF Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry
MOECC Ministry of Environment and Climate Change
MUSLE Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation
MVCA Maitland Valley Conservation Authority
OMAFRA Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
PR Pine River
PRWIN Pine River Watershed Initiative Network
RSWMM Rural Stormwater Management Model
SCRCA St. Clair Region Conservation Authority
SPARROW Spatially Referenced Regression On Watershed Attributes
SRP Soluble Reactive Phosphorus
SSC Suspended Sediment Concentration
SVCA Saugeen Valley Conservation Authority
SWAT Soil and Water Assessment Tool
TKN Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
TN Total Nitrogen
TP Total Phosphorus
TSS Total Suspended Solids
USGS United States Geological Survey
WASCOB Water and Sediment Control Basin
Acknowledgements
ThisprojectwasundertakenwiththefinancialsupportoftheOntarioMinistryoftheEnvironment
andClimateChangeShowcasingWaterInnovationprogramandthepartnersofHealthyLake
Huron:Clean Water,CleanBeaches. Suchsupportdoes notindicateendorsement bythe
GovernmentofOntarioofthecontentsofthismaterial.
Additionalthanksaregiventoallprivatelandownersfortheircooperationandsupportofthis
project,especiallybyallowingpropertyaccesstogathermonitoringdata.

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