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The Coleopterists Bulletin, 70(4): 715–753. 2016.
SEVERAL NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF NEW WORLD SYNCHITINI
(COLEOPTERA:ZOPHERIDAE:COLYDIINAE)
NATHAN P. LORD
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences
Georgia College and State University
Milledgeville, GA 31061, U.S.A.
AND
MICHAEL A. IVIE
Montana Entomology Collection, Marsh Labs, Room 50
Montana State University
Bozeman, MT 59717, U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
Five new genera and 13 new species of Neotropical synchitine zopherids are described, and two new combinations
are proposed. Globotrichus Lord and Ivie, new genus (type species Globotrichus harti Lord and Ivie, new species)is
described from Central and South America. Helonoton Lord and Ivie, new genus (type species Helonoton costaricense
Lord and Ivie, new species) is described from Central America for Helonoton pascoei (Sharp, 1894), new combination
(from Bitoma Herbst) and 11 new species: Helonoton amistad Lord and Ivie, new species;Helonoton ashei Lord and
Ivie, new species;Helonoton bituberculatum Lord and Ivie, new species;Helonoton chiriqui Lord and Ivie, new species;
H. costaricense;Helonoton foleyi Lord and Ivie, new species;Helonoton mexicanum Lord and Ivie, new species;
Helonoton pustulosum Lord and Ivie, new species;Helonoton tatumbla Lord and Ivie, new species;Helonoton tico Lord
and Ivie, new species;andHelonoton tripartum Lord and Ivie, new species.Paxillobitoma Lord and Ivie, new genus
(type species Paxillobitoma clinei Lord and Ivie, new species) is described from South America. Rapthius Lord and Ivie,
new genus (type species Tarphius peruvianus Franz, 1969, new combination) is described from Peru. Slipinskius Lord
and Ivie, new genus (type species Tarphius chilensis Franz, 1969, new combination) is described from Chile. Distribu-
tion maps, illustrations, redescriptions, and keys are provided.
Key Words: taxonomy, Tenebrionoidea, Central America, South America
DOI.org/10.1649/0010-065X-70.4.715
zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:801E2B78-F440-44A3-9643-15B5210FCA98
The colydiine Zopheridae (= Colydiidae auctorum)
is a confusing tenebrionoid group with few distin-
guishing characters. The worldwide genus-group
nomenclature was catalogued by Ivie and Ślipiński
(1990), and the Australo-Pacific fauna has been
treated by Ślipiński and Lawrence (1997) and Lord
and Leschen (2014). Despite a decently robust fauna,
little work has been done on the New World
colydiines outside of North America north of
Mexico (Stephan 1989; Ivie and Ślipiński 2001;
Ivie 2002). New World species-level catalogues and
checklists were last provided by Hetschko (1930)
and Blackwelder (1945), and synthetic taxonomic
works on Central and South American colydiines
have been almost entirely lacking since the work of
David Sharp (1894) and Howard E. Hinton (1935,
1936). In an effort to make the taxonomy of these
strange little beetles more accessible, this paper
validates several names needed in order to make
them available for a key to the New World genera
(Ivie et al. 2016).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Material Examined. We obtained material for
this study over the span of several decades, and
many collections provided material that we
used to come to the conclusions presented. The
following list of collections (curator in parenthe-
ses) is limited to those with specimens directly
cited herein.
BMNH The Natural History Museum, London,
UK (Maxwell V. L. Barclay).
CASC California Academy of Sciences, San
Francisco, CA, USA (Norman Penny).
CMNC Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa,
ON, Canada (François Génier).
715
CNCI Canadian National Collection of Insects,
Ottawa, ON, Canada (Patrice Bouchard).
CDFA California State Collection of Arthropods,
Sacramento, CA, USA (Andrew Cline).
FMNH Field Museum of Natural History,
Chicago, IL, USA (Crystal Maier).
FSCA Florida State Collection of Arthropods,
Gainesville, FL, USA (Paul Skelley).
MNCR Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, San José,
Costa Rica (the collection formerly
known as INBio, Ángel Solis.
KSEM University of Kansas Snow Entomo-
logical Museum, Lawrence, KS, USA
(Zachary Falin).
MAIC Michael A. Ivie Collection, Bozeman,
MT, USA.
NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien,
Austria (Harald Schillhammer).
TAMU Texas A&M University, College Station,
TX, USA (Edward Riley).
USNM US National Museum of Natural History,
Washington, DC, USA (Warren Steiner).
Conventions, Geo-Referencing, and Mapping.
Maps are based on fully geo-referenced data when-
ever possible. Information regarding data not on
labels or in databases tied to unique identifier
labels comes from the MNCR database or Google
Earth estimates. The latitude/longitude coordinates
forlocalitiesusingadistanceoffset(e.g., 6.9 km S
Gamboa) were estimated via GoogleEarth. The
mapping of localities and generation of maps were
performed using QGIS v.2.8 Wien (available from
www.qgis.org). Complete label data for all speci-
mens mentioned are reproduced verbatim, follow-
ing the convention of Ivie (1985), with lines
separatedbyasemicolon(;)andlabelsbyaslash(/).
Annotations by the authors are enclosed in square
brackets “[]”.
Measurements. Given the small size of these
species, we have elected to give a single value, to the
nearest tenth of a mm, rather than try to give a range
that is beyond the margin of error in the hundredths
of a mm. For a key to abbreviations associated
with measurements and their definitions, see below
under Character Definitions and Abbreviations.
Specimen Preparation. Dried specimens were
relaxed in warm water or placed in a Magnasonic
ultrasonic cleaner in soapy water for several minutes
if dirty or greasy. Specimens were disarticulated
and cleared in 10% KOH solution. Dissected parts
were then rinsed with a dilute acetic acid solution
and water, stained with chlorazol black, and stored
in glycerin. In some cases, only parts of speci-
mens (notably the abdomen and genitalia) were
dissected (including for some type specimens).
The abdomen and genitalia were placed in glyc-
erin in a genitalia vial. The vial was then pinned
beneath the specimen. Examination of material
was done using Wild M5, Leica MZ8, and Leica
WILD M10 microscopes.
Imaging and Illustrations. Color habitus images
and label images were captured using a Visionary
Digital™Passport II imaging system, equipped with
a Canon 6D DSLR camera. Image stacks were
montaged in Zerene Stacker v.1.04 (Zerene Systems
LLC, Richland, WA, USA). Images were edited in
Adobe Lightroom CC 2015 and Adobe Photoshop
CC 2015. Line drawings were digitally rendered in
Adobe Illustrator CC 2015 (Adobe Systems, Inc.,
San Jose, CA, USA).
Species Concept. This work applies the phylo-
genetic species concept sensu Wheeler and Platnick
(2000), defining species “as the smallest aggrega-
tion of (sexual) populations or (asexual) lineages
diagnosable by a unique combination of character
states”. We herein assume these species are sexu-
ally reproducing, and “character states”are mor-
phological attributes that are heritable and fixed
across the population of specimens observed.
Scope of Descriptions. In the multi-species
genus Helonoton Lord and Ivie, new genus,,we
provide a detailed genus-group description for
characters shared by all member species and do
not repeat these characters in the species descrip-
tion. Thus, the species descriptions are limited to
variable, often diagnostic characters that allow
recognition of species within the genus. However,
four of the five genera described herein are mono-
typic, i.e., the species-group and genus-group are
redundant, and therefore the characters of the
genus and species are indistinguishable a priori.
In all cases, it is reasonable to expect more spe-
cies to be discovered, but only then can generic
vs. specific characters be delimited. Therefore, we
elected to provide detailed genus-group descrip-
tions and minimal species descriptions. It can be
assumed that subsequent works will necessitate
modifications to our allocation of characters from
the genus-group to the species descriptions if
significant morphological variation is revealed.
Character Definitions and Abbreviations.
The majority of the general anatomical terms corre-
spond to the definitions given in Nichols and
Schuh (1989), Sharp and Muir (1912), and
Lawrence et al. (2010, 2011). Definitions for terms
of specific use in this paper that would otherwise
be confusing are given here.
Abdominal ventrite I, length: The length of the
first abdominal ventrite is measured from the
midpoint of the posterior margin of the metacoxa
to the anterior margin of abdominal ventrite II.
This character is used in comparison to the
length of the metaventrite or some combination
of other abdominal ventrites.
716 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Elytral width (EW): Across maximum width.
Elytral length (EL): Along the elytral suture
(including scutellum).
Head, width (HW): The width of the head is mea-
sured between the internal margin of the eyes.
Metaventrite, length: The length of the meta-
ventrite is measured from the midpoint of the
posterior margin of the mesocoxa to the anterior
margin of the metacoxa. This character is used in
comparison to the length of abdominal ventrite I.
Pronotal width (PW): The width of the
pronotum is measured across the maximum
width of the structure (including lobes and dentic-
ulations), generally near the apical fourth to third.
Pronotal length (PL): The length of the
pronotum is measured along the midline, from
the anterior pronotal margin to the posterior
pronotal margin. The pronotum must be per-
pendicular to the optical axis.
Total length (TL): The total length is measured from
the apical margin of the pronotum to the elytral
apex (PL+EL), and does not include the head.
Globotrichus Lord and Ivie, new genus
(Figs. 1, 5, 21)
Type Species. Globotrichus harti Lord and Ivie,
new species.
Etymology. The name invokes an image from
the English “globose”combined to rhyme with the
name of the related Neotrichus Sharp, 1886, refer-
ring to its hemispherical shape and stout, erect
setae. Masculine.
Diagnosis. The genus is most similar to the
cosmopolitan genus Neotrichus in the tarsi appearing
3-3-3, but they are actually 4-4-4 due to a reduced
first tarsomere, and the stout, bristle-like setae
scattered over the body. It differs in the less elongate,
more globose body; pronotum without mid-lateral
secretory pore; lyriform pronotum; distinct antennal
groove beneath the eye; and less flattened head
with large, coarsely facetted, hemispherical eyes.
Description. Small (TL = 2.7 mm), body
convex-oval (TL/EW = 2.2), rounded; dark brown to
black; habitus as in Fig. 5. Dorsal surface granulose;
vestiture consisting of short, stout, bristle-like setae.
Ventral surface rugose, with round to irregularly
shaped (vermiculate) punctures; vestiture consisting
of short, stout, bristle-like setae (shorter than setae
on dorsal surface). Head: Subquadrate (HW =
0.5 mm), broadest at eyes (Fig. 1a); lacking
temples; head not abruptly constricted behind
eyes; apical margin truncate; apico-lateral margins
swollen, raised anteriad eyes. Dorsal surface
with large, round granules of varying size, each
bearing a short, stout, bristle-like seta. Eyes
large, hemispherical; strongly protuberant; facets
large, interfacetal setae present, stout, slightly
thinner than setae on head. Antennal groove
distinct, short, smooth, extending to about middle
of eye. Gena rounded, not inflexed. Subgenal
brace well-developed, broad, bearing several
short, thickened, scale-like setae. Antennae:
Short, subequal to length of head, extending
slightly past anterior margin of pronotum; 11-
segmented, ending in an abrupt 2-segmented
club (Fig. 1d). Scape asymmetrical, barrel-
shaped with narrow, cylindrical lateral extension
near base that inserts into head capsule; pedicel
quadrate, half as long as scape; antennomere
3 narrow basally and slightly and gradually
expanding apically, as long as or slightly longer
than 4+5; antennomeres 4–9 short, increasingly
shorter and wider; antennomeres 10–11 enlarged,
forming an abrupt club; antennomere 10 transverse,
symmetrical, widening to apical ⅓and slightly
narrowing, then truncate at apex; antennomere
11 transverse-oval. Scape and pedicel with few
short, stout, bristle-like setae; antennomeres 3–9
each with medial ring of fine setae, setae shorter
than length of segment; antennomere 10 with
medial ring of setae and with dense field of
short pubescence at apex; antennomere 11 more
densely setose on entire surface, apex with dense
pubescence. Mouthparts: Labrum short, trans-
verse, anterior margin slightly curved; apico-lateral
angles rounded, fringed with few sparse, medially
directed setae. Mandibles symmetrical, with distinct
mola and membranous prostheca (Fig. 1f); apex
bidentate. Maxillary palpi 4-segmented, terminal
palpomere fusiform (Fig. 1c); galea and lacinia
of normal form, bearing numerous stout setae
apically, lacking spines; mentum transverse,
rugose, bearing several short, thickened, scale-
like setae, anterior margin straight (Fig. 1b); ligula
transverse, with central triangularly raised portion
between insertions of palpi, antero-lateral corners
of ligula produced into thin lobes, each lobe
bearing several setae; labial palpi 3-segmented,
terminal palpomere fusiform, widest at basal ⅓;
labial palpi inserted ventrally. Prothorax: Trans-
verse, widest at middle (PW = 1.1 mm, PL = 0.8 mm,
PL/PW = 0.7). Lateral pronotal margins lyriform,
narrowing slightly at basal half, distinctly expanded
in apical half (Figs. 1h, 5); lateral margins denticulate,
each denticle bearing short, stout, bristle-like seta;
anterior angles distinct, angulate, projecting, reaching
level of posterior margin of eye. Anterior margin
arcuate to slightly sinuate medially, depressed/
notched/excavated just inside of anterior angles.
Posterior margin arcuate, fringed with row of short,
fine setae, directed posterior-medially; posterior
angles indistinct. Disc granulate/microtuberculate,
with several subtly raised and depressed areas
(Fig. 5). Surface granulose, covered with subequal
round to ovoid granules, each bearing short, stout,
717THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Fig. 1. Globotrichus harti. a) Head, ventral view, b) Labium, ventral view, c) Maxilla, ventral view, d) Antenna,
e) Fore leg, f) Mandible, ventral view, g) Metendosternite, ventral view, h) Prothorax, ventral view, i) Pterothorax,
ventral view, j) Abdominal ventrites I–V, ventral view, k) Aedeagus, dorsal view, l) Aedeagus, lateral view.
718 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
bristle-like seta. Prosternum/hypomeron with subtle
depression forming cavity for reception of antenna,
depression rugose medially and impunctate/smooth
laterally. Anterior margin of prosternum fringed
with row of short, fine setae, directed anteriorly.
Prosternal process nearly parallel-sided, slightly
narrowing anteriorly (Fig. 1h), apex slightly emarginated
medially; prosternal process slightly raised; pro-
coxae countersunk, prosternal process extending
ventrad and concealing inner ¼ of procoxae from
view. Procoxa round, externally separated by greater
than width of visible portion of procoxa, internally
very narrowly separated. Hypomeral extension
angulate, extending nearly to prosternal process;
procoxal cavity narrowly open externally; posterior
margin fringed with row of short, fine setae, directed
posterio-medially. Mesothorax: Scutellum well-
developed, visible, transverse-oval. Mesoventrite:
Short, transverse (Fig. 1i); surface bearing sparse,
short, stout, bristle-like setae and irregularly
shaped punctures; apical margin straight; meso-
ventral process parallel-sided, apex slightly emar-
ginate medially. Mesocoxal cavities broadly closed,
mesocoxal separation narrow, about ⅓width of
coxal diameter (visible coxa, not accounting for
countersunk portion). Elytra: Parallel-sided (Fig. 5),
widest at apical ⅓(EL = 1.9 mm, EW = 1.2 mm,
EL/EW = 1.6). Humeral angles well-developed,
rounded. Anterior margin nearly straight, slightly
concave at middle; lateral margins not explanate.
Elytral apex broadly rounded; sutural carina not
diverging antero-laterally, scutellary striole absent.
With 9 punctate striae (may be difficult to discern
in dirty specimens, best observed by viewing ven-
tral elytral surface in cleared specimens); vestiture
consisting of stout, bristle-like setae inserted on
pustules on raised ribs between strial punctures.
Surface variably tuberculate on interstriae 3, 5, and
7; tubercles may be absent, small or obvious, cov-
ered with tufts of setae or rubbed, often not sym-
metrical from left to right elytron; no pattern related
to size or sex noted in the limited material avail-
able. Epipleuron present, weakly defined, gradually
narrowing, ending at level of abdominal ventrite III.
Metaventrite: Moderate in length, slightly shorter
than or about as long as abdominal ventrites I–III
(Fig. 1i); convex, slightly more swollen on either
side of midline; surface bearing sparse, short, stout,
bristle-like setae and irregularly shaped punctures;
with paired, slightly sinuate grooves bordering
metacoxae anteriorly. Discrimen present, weak,
slightly impressed, extending to about middle of
metaventrite. Metacoxae transverse, narrowly sep-
arated, separation about ⅓of coxal diameter.
Metendosternite as in Fig. 1g. Furca short, wide;
laminae reduced; lateral furcal arms long,
narrowing apically; anterior tendons narrowly sep-
arated, arising from short, rounded projections
near furcal midline; metafurcal ventral flange pres-
ent, not strongly projecting ventrally. Abdomen:
Ventrites I–III connate, subequal in length (Fig. 1j).
Intercoxal process acute; ventrite V rounded at
apex, lacking preapical groove; surface of all
ventrites bearing sparse, short, stout, bristle-like
setae and irregularly shaped punctures. Legs:
Trochanters present, visible, trochantero-femoral
attachment strongly oblique (Fig. 1e); femora
simple, straight with short, stout, bristle-like setae;
tibiae simple, straight with short, stout, bristle-like
setae; tibial apex ringed with long, fine, hair-like
setae; tarsi appearing 3-3-3, but actually 4-4-4;
tarsomere 1 greatly reduced, shorter than 2, tarsomere
3 about as long as 1–2; tarsomere 4 elongate, 2.5X
length of 1–3 combined, slightly expanded apically,
setation sparse, consisting of long, thin, hair-like
setae; tarsal claws simple. Metathoracic wing:
Fully developed. Aedeagus: Typical tenebrionoid-
type (Fig. 1k–l); tegmen lying dorsad medial lobe;
anteroventral edge of segment IX with spiculum
gastrale, anterior portion of phallobase broadly
rounded, narrowed apically to point; parameres
narrow, elongate, individually fused to base of
phallobase, extending beyond apex of phallobase;
median lobe expanded ventrally at middle, taper-
ing to apex, resting within sheath-like tegmen.
Ovipositor: Not examined.
Distribution. Panama, Costa Rica, Bolivia, Brazil.
Biology. Given the collection methods (see
species account below), it is likely that members
of Globotrichus are generalist detritovores and
fungivores like many other members of the soil-
dwelling Synchitini.
Comments. Ten of the 14 known specimens
of Globotrichus are included in the type series of
G. harti, with the type series limited to those
specimens from Costa Rica and Panama. The other
specimens, from Amazonian Bolivia and southeast-
ern Brazil, probably represent different species, but
insufficient material is available for description at
this time. It is hoped more material is identified
from unsorted material after this paper makes the
identity known.
Globotrichus harti Lord and Ivie, new species
(Figs. 1, 5, 21)
Description. Globotrichus harti is the only
described member of this genus and shares the
diagnostic features given in the generic descrip-
tion above. It is likely that species-level diagnos-
tic features may include the shape of the antennal
club, presence and shape of the pronotal and
elytral tubercles (Fig. 5), and shape of the male
genitalia (Fig. 1k–l).
Distribution. Panama and Costa Rica (Fig. 21).
719THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Biology. Little is known about the biology of
this species. Specimens were collected on fungusy
logs, ex. Xylariaceae, at UV/MV lights, and in
flight intercept traps.
Etymology. Named in honor of Charles Hart
(Montana State University), who assisted the
authors greatly in the preparation of this manuscript.
Comments. A single specimen with the same
label as the holotype was disarticulated for study.
Type Material. 10 specimens. Holotype (1 pointed,
KSEM): PANAMA: Darién, Cana; Biological Station;
Serranía de Pirre, 1100 m; 7°45′18″N,77°41′6″W;
07 Jun 1996; J.Ashe,; R.Brooks PAN1AB96 097;
ex: Xylariaceae / [label with barcode] SM0038749;
KUNHM-ENT. Paratype (1 pointed, KSEM) same
labels as above, but with barcode number:
SM0038762. Paratype (1 disarticulated, in glycerine,
KSEM) same labels as above, but with barcode num-
ber: SM0038741. Paratype (1 pointed, KSEM):
PANAMA: Panama; 09°05′N,79°40′W; Old Planta-
tion Rd. 6.9km; S. Gamboa, 80m, 22 VI; 1995,
J.Ashe, R.Brooks; #268 ex: fungusy log. Paratype
(1 pointed, KSEM): PANAMA: Panama; Cerro
Campana; nr. Capira, 790m; 08°44′N,79°57′W; 18 V
1995, J.&A. Ashe; #018 ex: fungusy log. Paratype
(1 pointed, KSEM): PANAMA: Colon; Parque Nac.
Soberania; Pipeline Rd.; 09°07′N,79°45′W; 23 May
1995 Jolly,; Chaboo, fungus. Paratype (1 pointed,
MAIC): CANAL ZONE, Pipe; Line Road; VI-30-
1974C.W.&L.; O’Brien &Marshall. Paratype
(1 pointed, FMNH): Cerro Campana, Panama; Prov.,
PANAMA; Feb. 12 1959; alt. 2400 ft. / Coll. by;
Henry S. Dybas. Paratype (1 pointed, MAIC): PAN.
Panama; Las Cumbres; UV trap May24; 1976
H. Wolda. Paratype (1 pointed, USNM): COSTA
RICA; F. NEVERMANN; 22 IX 37 / [label 1 under-
side] HAMBURGFARM; REVENTAZON; ESENE
LIMON / [handwritten] nachts an mulmigem Holz.
Additional Material Examined. 4 specimens
(non-types, not included on map). 1 pointed,
FSCA: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, 3.7km; SSEBuena
Vista,Hotel Flora; & Fauna405m.,5-15-XI-2001;
17°29.949′S;63°33.152′W; M.C. Thomas& B.K.
Dozier; tropical transition forest / [in R. Schuh’s
hand]: probably new; genus near; Neotrichus; det.
Schuh 2003. 1 carded, BMNH): BOLIVIA: Santa
Cruz; Amboro National Park; Los Volcanes,
c.1000m; S18°06′: W63°36′; 20/xi-12/xii/2004 /
MV Light Sheet; by tree fall; Barclay, M.V.L.; &
Mendel, H.; BMNH(E)2004-280. 1 carded, BMNH:
BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz; Amboro National Park; Los
Volcanes,c.1000m; S18°06′: W63°36′; 20/xi-12/
xii/2004 / Flight Intercept Trap; Mendel, H. &;
Barclay, M.V.L.; BMNH(E)2004-280. 1 carded, IZPN:
Itoupavazinha; Coll. Keßel [Itoupavazinha is near
Blumenau in the Brazilian State of Santa Catarina].
Helonoton Lord and Ivie, new genus
(Figs. 2, 6–17, 23–24)
Type Species. Helonoton costaricense Lord
and Ivie, new species.
Etymology. From Greek meaning “studded
back.”This name refers to the tuberculate dorsal
sculpture of members of the genus. Neuter.
Diagnosis. This genus uperficially resembles
the North American genus Denophoelus Stephan,
1989 and the Australo-Pacific genus Ablabus
Broun, 1880. Helonoton can be distinguished from
Denophoelus by the lack of a well-developed
supra-ocular carina, vestiture consisting of sparse,
fine setae, smaller size, and a Central American
distribution. Helonoton can be distinguished
from Ablabus by the presence of labial palpi and a
Central American distribution.
Description. Size small (TL = 2.2–4.4 mm)
body convex-oval to elongate, subparallel (TL/
EW = 1.8–2.5); dark to light brown or bicolored
(dark brown with light brown/golden patches -
difficult to see if specimen is encrusted); habitus
as in Figs. 6–17. Dorsal surface rugose, with com-
plex gibbosities, tubercles, and carinae; vestiture
consisting of short, hair-like, golden setae. Ventral
surface granulose; vestiture consisting of short,
sparse, hair-like, golden setae. Surfaces often
encrusted with dirt and debris, concealing sculp-
ture and coloration. Head: Transverse to elongate
(HW: 0.4–0.7 mm), broadest at eyes (Fig. 2a),
with or without distinct temples, head not or
abruptly constricted behind eyes, apical margin
straight to slightly sinuate. With transverse groove
at level of apical ⅓of eye, joined with 2 apico-
lateral sulci continuing nearly to margin, less distinct
apically, and with 2 postero-lateral sulci continuing
beneath posterior margin of eye; grooves result in
swollen antero-medial portion, swollen posterior-
medial portion, and swollen lateral portion (frontal
ridge) anteriad eyes. Dorsal surface covered with
evenly spaced, subequal round to ovoid granules,
each bearing an apically or medio-apically-directed
seta. Eyes entire, convex, facets large, interfacetal
setae absent. Antennal groove shallow, present
only near base of insertion. Gena slightly inflexed
anteriad gular sutures. Subgenal brace weakly
developed, barely extending past anterior margin
of eye. Antennae: Short, slightly longer than total
length of head, not extending past apical ⅓of
pronotum. Antennae 11-segmented, ending in an
abrupt, 2–3-segmented club (Fig. 2d). Scape
barrel-shaped, slightly longer than wide, longer
than pedicel, about as or slightly longer than 3;
pedicel subspherical, shorter than 3; antennomere 3
elongate, slightly and gradually expanding apically,
about as long as or slightly longer than 4+5;
antennomeres 4–8 short, increasingly shorter and
720 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Fig. 2. Helonoton costaricense. a) Head, ventral view, b) Labium, ventral view, c) Maxilla, ventral view, d) Antenna,
e) Fore leg, f) Mandible, ventral view, g) Metendosternite, ventral view, h) Prothorax, ventral view, i) Pterothorax, ventral
view, j) Abdominal ventrites I–V, ventral view, k) Aedeagus, dorsal view, l) Aedeagus, lateral view.
721THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Fig. 3. Paxillobitoma clinei. a) Head, ventral view, b) Labium, ventral view, c) Maxilla, ventral view, d) Antenna,
e) Fore leg, f) Mandible, ventral view, g) Metendosternite, ventral view, h) Prothorax, ventral view, i) Pterothorax,
ventral view, j) Abdominal ventrites I–V, ventral view, k) Aedeagus, dorsal view, l) Aedeagus, lateral view, m) Ovipositor,
dorsal view.
722 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Fig. 4. Slipinskius chilensis. a) Head, ventral view, b) Labium, ventral view, c) Maxilla, ventral view, d) Antenna,
e) Fore leg, f) Mandible, ventral view, g) Metendosternite, ventral view, h) Prothorax, ventral view, i) Pterothorax, ven-
tral view, j) Abdominal ventrites I–V, ventral view, k) Aedeagus, dorsal view, l) Aedeagus, lateral view, m) Ovipositor,
dorsal view.
723THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Figs. 5–8. Synchitine Colydiinae, dorsal habitus. 5) Globotrichus harti, paratype (KSEM); 6) Helonoton amistad,
holotype (CNCI); 7) Helonoton ashei, paratype (CMNC); 8) Helonoton bituberculatum, holotype (CMNC). Scale bars =
1mm.
724 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
wider; antennomere 9 transverse, distinctly larger
than 8 but distinctly smaller than 10; antennomeres
9–11 or 10–11 forming distinct club, antennomere
10 transverse, trapezoidal to slightly asymmetrical,
narrowest at base; antennomere 11 truncate at base,
transverse, rounded apically. Scape and pedicel
with irregularly placed setae in apical half;
antennomeres 4–9 each with ring of fine, long
setae, setae longer than length of segment;
antennomere 10 with longer, fine setae, apical mar-
gin fringed with short, dense setae; antennomere
11 with short, dense setae, pubescence denser api-
cally, and few longer, fine setae intermittently.
Mouthparts: Labrum subquadrate, anterior margin
arcuate, fringed with few sparse setae. Mandibles
symmetrical, with distinct mola and membranous
prostheca (Fig. 2f); mandibular apex bidentate,
with third, broader subapical tooth at apical margin
of prostheca; maxillary palpi 4-segmented, termi-
nal palpomere conical (Fig. 2c); galea and lacinia
of normal form, bearing numerous stout setae
apically; mentum subquadrate, truncate apically
(Fig. 2b); ligula transverse, antero-lateral angles
somewhat swollen and expanded, anterior margin
slightly concave, fringed with row of short, dense
setae; labial palpi 3-segmented, terminal palpomere
conical to slightly fusiform (Fig. 2b), labial palpi
inserted ventrally. Prothorax: Subquadrate to
elongate (PW = 0.8–1.5 mm, PL = 0.70–1.2 mm,
PL/PW = 0.7–0.9), widest at apical ⅓, narrowest
at base (Fig. 2h). Lateral margins sinuate to
lyriform, widening apically, posterior ⅔of lateral
margin straight to strongly narrowed basally, with
or without small denticle or lobe; anterior angles
distinct, slightly projecting forward to about level
of anterior margin. Anterior margin sinuate, con-
cave medially, depressed/notched/excavated just
inside of anterior angles. Anterior margin fringed
with row of short, fine setae, directed internally.
Posterior margin evenly curved, fringed with row
of short, fine setae, directed posterior-medially;
posterior angles indistinct or distinct, small. Disc
with complex patterns of ridges and depressed
areas; central portion with strongly depressed
area, bordered laterally by paired, sinuate ridges
that are entire or interrupted, sometimes separated
anterior carinae that become confluent with anterior
pronotal margin, distinct medial tubercles, and pos-
terior, baso-laterally directed ridges that end before
posterior margin; disc with 1–2 pairs of ovoid,
mid-lateral tubercles or short carinae between lat-
eral pronotal margin and basal half of central sin-
uate tuberculate ridge; presence of these tubercles
and ridges creates variously raised and depressed
areas on disc. Surface granulose, covered with
evenly spaced, subequal round to ovoid granules,
each bearing a short seta; interspaces between
granules often filled with waxy exudate, dirt, and/
or debris. Prosternal hypomeron without antennal
cavities. Prosternal process nearly parallel-sided,
slightly narrowing anteriorly, truncate at apex,
slightly raised; procoxal cavities broadly open to
narrowly closed externally, procoxae countersunk,
prosternal process extending ventrad and con-
cealing inner ⅓of procoxae from view. Procoxae
round, externally separated by greater than width of
visible portion of procoxa, internally very narrowly
separated. Mesothorax: Scutellum well-developed,
visible, small, ovoid to subquadrate to pentagonal.
Mesoventrite: Apical margin truncate (Fig. 2i).
Mesoventral process slightly narrowed apically,
apex strongly notched medially, articulating with
well-developed “nipple”at apex of metaventral
process, forming locking mechanism. Mesocoxal
cavities broadly closed, mesocoxal separation mod-
erate, about as long as half coxal diameter (visible
coxa, not accounting for countersunk portion). Ely-
tra: Elongate, parallel-sided, to elongate-oval, to
ovoid, widest at middle (EL = 1.4–3.1 mm, EW =
1.1–1.8 mm, EL/EW = 1.2–1.9). Humeral angles
weakly produced. Anterior margin evenly concave;
lateral margins not explanate, weakly granulate,
each granule bearing short, curved seta. Elytral
apex rounded, elytra slightly separated at apex.
Surface with complex carinae and tubercles, rang-
ing from vermiculate carina to short, well-defined
tubercles and carinae, to more or less evenly
spaced, round to ovoid tubercles. In general, only
odd elytral interstrial intervals (3, 5, 7, and 9) bear
tubercles/carinae. Placement and length of elytral
carinae and tubercles diagnostic for delimiting spe-
cies. With 9 puncture rows, difficult to discern
(best observed by viewing ventral elytral surface
in cleared specimens), sutural stria raised, beaded,
diverging antero-laterally to form subtle scutellary
striole (striole interrupted by small tubercle or not
apparent in some). Surface granulose, covered
with evenly spaced, subequal round to ovoid
granules, each bearing a short seta; interspaces
between granules often filled with waxy exudate,
dirt, and/or debris. Epipleuron present, weakly
defined, incomplete to apex, ending between
ventrite IV and V. Metaventrite: Shorter than or
about as long as length of abdominal ventrite I, or
distinctly longer than ventrite I; with paired sinu-
ate grooves directly posteriad and bordering
mesocoxae, also with paired, slightly curved
grooves directly anteriad and bordering metacoxae
(Fig. 2i). Discrimen short and reduced to an ovoid
impression anteriad metacoxae, to moderately long
and narrow. Metendosternite of 2 forms in fully
winged vs. brachypterous or apterous species. Fully
winged species (Fig. 2g): Furca of moderate width,
parallel-sided; laminae short, rounded; lateral furcal
arms long, narrowing apically; anterior tendons
moderately separated; metafurcal ventral flange
725THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
present, not strongly projecting ventrally. Apterous
or brachypterous species: Furca short, wide; lami-
nae reduced; lateral furcal arms long, narrow-
ing apically; anterior tendons narrowly separated,
arising from short, rounded projections near furcal
midline; metafurcal ventral flange present, not
strongly projecting ventrally. Abdomen: Inter-
coxal process of abdominal ventrite I narrow,
acute (Fig 2j). Ventrites I–II appearing weakly
connate to free, ventrites III–V free. Ventrites I
and II subequal in length (length of VI excluding
intercoxal process); ventrites III–V slightly pro-
gressively shorter. Ventrites with short, thin setae,
setation of ventrite V slightly longer and denser.
In females, surface of ventrites with similar sculp-
ture and setation. In males, ventrites III and IV
with smooth, transverse-oval patches in lateral or
baso-lateral areas; males of some species with
basal half of ventrite IV smooth. In cleared speci-
mens under high magnification, smooth patches
appear as areas of dense micropores, while remain-
der of ventrites often encrusted with waxy exudate
(often concealing sculpturing). Abdominal ventrite
V with weak, U-shaped groove that parallels api-
cal margin (difficult to see if encrusted). Legs:
Trochanters present, visible, trochantero-femoral
attachment strongly oblique (Fig. 2e). Femora
simple, rugose, narrow at base and gradually
expanding apically, with sparse, short setae. Tibiae
simple, slender, very slightly expanded apically,
with sparse, short setae, setation denser at apex.
Tibial apex with paired, dark, thick spines ven-
trally. Tarsomeres 1–3 subequal in size, with long,
dense, thin setae; tarsomere 4 elongate, longer than
1–3 combined, slightly expanded apically, with
similar setation; tarsal claws simple. Metathoracic
wing: Absent, or present and reduced to fully
developed. Aedeagus: Typical tenebrionoid form
(Fig. 2k–l), with phallobase articulating with fused
parameres, and median lobe resting ventrad
phallobase + parameres, not enclosed by phallobase.
Ovipositor: Elongate, with weakly sclerotized seg-
ments. Tergite IX completely divided into 2 lateral
paraprocts. Paraproct with long baculus, about
1.25X as long as gonocoxite. Tergite X weakly
sclerotized, situated between paraprocts. Proximal
and distal lobes of gonocoxite weakly separated;
proximal lobe with weakly indicated transverse
basal baculi; basal lobe short, cylindrical, ⅓as
long as proximal lobe, with well-developed,
palpiform gonostylus attached apically; gonostylus
with few setae at apex.
Distribution. This genus is Central American,
ranging from Mexico to Panama (Figs. 23–24).
It has not been collected in Belize or Nicaragua.
It appears to be restricted to higher elevations.
Biology. Given the collection methods (see
species accounts below), it is likely members of
Helonoton are generalist detritovores and fungivores
like many other members of the Synchitini. It is
interesting to note that none were taken at light,
a method that often yields fully winged Synchitini.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HELONOTON
1. Metaventrite shorter than or as long as
abdominal ventrite I; metathoracic (flight)
wings reduced or absent; smaller species
(2.2–2.6 mm), convex-oval........................ 2
1′. Metaventrite longer than abdominal ventrite I;
metathoracic (flight) wings present, fully
developed; usually larger species (2.4–
4.4 mm); body elongate, parallel-sided to
elongate-oval..............................................4
2. Head without distinct temples behind eyes;
antennal club 2-segmented (or at most
appearing weakly 3-segmented); central
area of pronotal disc with large medial
tubercles, separated from paired anterior
and posterior carinae (Fig. 8); Honduras.....
.............H. bituberculatum Lord and Ivie,
new species
2′. Head with distinct temples behind eyes;
antennal club 3-segmented; central area
of pronotal disc with anterior tubercles/
carinae more strongly raised than medial
tubercles...................................................3
3. Pronotum quadrate; lateral pronotal mar-
gins with subtle lobe in anterior ⅓(not
lyriform), gradually narrowing posteriorly,
with a small denticle in basal ⅓; central
area of pronotal disc with evenly raised,
sinuate medial carinae, not divided into
separate tubercles; elytral tubercles ovoid
to elongate; elytral interstrial interval I lacking
tubercle near base (Fig. 17); Mexico................
....... H. tripartum Lord and Ivie, new species
3′. Pronotum transverse, wider than long;
lateral pronotal margins lyriform, widest
anteriorly, narrowing posteriorly; central
area of pronotal disc with strongly raised
anterior carinae; elytral tubercles ovoid,
subequal in size, appearing evenly spaced;
elytral interstrial interval I with tubercle
near base (Fig. 14); Mexico, Honduras,
Guatemala, El Salvador ....... H. pustulosum
Lord and Ivie, new species
4. Antennal club 3-segmented; head with
distinct temples behind eyes (Fig. 15);
Honduras .................................. H. tatumbla
Lord and Ivie,new species
4′. Antennal club 2-segmented; head without
distinct temples behind eyes ......................5
726 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
5. Basal half of pronotal lateral margin slightly
sinuate, gradually narrowed or parallel-sided,
lacking distinct denticle or small lobe near
basal lateral angle; pronotum longer than
wide; body elongate, parallel-sided; dorsum
unicolorous.................................................6
5′. Basal half of pronotal lateral margin dis-
tinctly sinuate, with a distinct denticle or
small lobe near basal lateral angle; pronotum
wider than long; body elongate-oval; dorsum
bicolored, often with lighter brown/golden
patches......................................................11
6. Elytral tubercles irregular in shape, some
crossing interstrial intervals and merging
with other tubercles....................................7
6′. Elytral tubercles not irregular, most ovoid to
elongate-oval, some narrow and extending,
but never crossing over interstrial intervals
or merging with other tubercles .................. 8
7. Larger species (>4.0 mm); elytral tubercles
more extensively vermiculate and connected
to neighboring tubercles; basal ⅓of
pronotal lateral margins slightly tapering
basally, more or less even and smooth,
with only a few small denticles, if any;
elytral tubercles not as strongly raised; poste-
rior mid-lateral pronotal tubercles elongate-
oval; anterior mid-lateral tubercle almost
indistinct (Fig. 10); distribution from the
western to central portion of the Cordillera
de Talamanca range (Cartago, Limón, and
San José provinces).............H. costaricense
Lord and Ivie, new species
7′. Smaller species (< 3.0 mm); elytral tubercles
more separated and distinct, not as exten-
sively vermiculate and connected to neigh-
boring tubercles; basal ⅓of pronotal lateral
margins subtly arcuate, not clearly tapering,
with several obvious small denticles; poste-
rior mid-lateral pronotal tubercles narrow,
linear, carinate; anterior mid-lateral tubercle
small but distinct; elytral tubercles more
strongly raised (Fig. 6); distribution restricted
to the eastern portion of the Cordillera de
Talamanca (eastern Costa Rica: Puntarenas
province; western Panama: Chiriquí prov-
ince) ................... H. amistad Lord and Ivie,
new species
8. Scutellary striole indistinct, interrupted by
a short, elongate-oval tubercle (Fig. 13);
Mexico ......................... H. pascoei (Sharp)
8′. Scutellary striole distinct, not interrupted
by an elongate-oval tubercle......................9
9. Antero-lateral lobes of pronotum larger, well-
developed, with anterior angles rounded; lat-
eral margins of pronotum with few obvious
small denticles, if any; basal elytral carinae
on interstrial intervals 3 and 5 thickening
posteriorly, almost tear drop-shaped; elytral
carina on interstrial interval 3 of elytral
declivity long and evenly raised, extending
to apex, carina 5 (and less so 7) also long
and evenly raised, but ending before apex
(Fig. 9); Panama..........................H. chiriqui
Lord and Ivie, new species
9′. Antero-lateral lobes of pronotum smaller,
less well-developed, with anterior angles
acute, pointed; lateral margins of pronotum
with several obvious small denticles; basal
elytral carinae on interstrial intervals 3 and
5 more evenly raised and not distinctly
thickened posteriorly; elytral carina on
interstrial interval 3 of elytral declivity
interrupted into a distinctly raised, ovoid
tubercle anteriorly and a much weaker pos-
terior carina posteriorly that fades before
apex, carinae 5 and 7 not long and evenly
raised ........................................................10
10. Elytral interstrial interval 7 with a tubercle/
short carina at elytral mid-point; central
carinae on pronotal disc not strongly
raised, elevation similar to anterior and
posterior central carinae on disc (Fig. 11);
Panama.................H. foleyi Lord and Ivie,
new species
10′. Elytral interstrial interval 7 without a
tubercle/short carina at elytral mid-point;
central carinae on pronotal disc strongly
raised, elevation greater than anterior and
posterior central carinae on disc (Fig. 16);
Costa Rica...............H. tico Lord and Ivie,
new species
11. Central ridge on pronotal disc more strongly
and evenly carinate, both pairs of mid-
lateral pronotal tubercles more developed
and carinate, posterior pair larger than the
anterior pair, elytral interstrial interval 1
(sutural) carinate, often variously inter-
rupted for majority of length, basal elytral
carinae of interstrial interval 7 not inter-
rupted, most elytral tubercles developed
into short carinae, and epipleuron continu-
ing nearly to elytral apex (Fig. 12);
Mexico .................................H. mexicanum
Lord and Ivie, new species
11′. Central ridge on pronotal disc interrupted
to form a pair of strongly raised medial
tubercles and short, anterior carinae, both
pairs of mid-lateral pronotal tubercles less
developed and subequal in size, elytral
interstrial interval 1 (sutural) raised, but not
727THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
variously interrupted, basal elytral carinae
of interstrial interval 7 interrupted forming
a short basal carina and small tubercle,
elytral tubercles a mixture of short carinae
and ovoid tubercles, and epipleuron ending
before elytral apex (Fig. 7); Honduras ........
........ H. ashei Lord and Ivie, new species
Helonoton amistad Lord and Ivie, new species
(Figs. 6, 24)
Diagnosis. This species is most similar to
H. costaricense in possessing irregular, vermicu-
late elytral tubercles that cross over elytral inter-
strial intervals and merge with neighboring
tubercles, but differs in the subtly arcuate basal
third of the pronotal lateral margins, margins with
small, distinct denticles, and narrower and more
elongate posterior mid-lateral pronotal tubercles.
Description. Size moderate (TL = 2.4 mm),
body elongate (TL/EW = 2.3), parallel-sided; light
brown to dark brown; habitus as in Fig. 6. Head:
Elongate (HW = 0.4 mm), not constricted behind
eyes. Antennae: 11-segmented, ending in an abrupt,
2-segmented club; antennomeres 10–11 forming
distinct club, antennomere 10 transverse, trapezoi-
dal to slightly asymmetrical, narrowest at base;
antennomere 11 truncate at base, transverse, rounded
apically. Prothorax: Pronotum subquadrate to
elongate (PW = 0.8 mm, PL = 0.7 mm, PL/PW =
0.8), widest at apical ¼, narrowest at base. Lateral
margins of pronotum sinuate, widening apically,
anterior ⅓produced into small arcuate lobe, lateral
margin with constriction at middle, posterior ½ sub-
tly sinuate, with numerous small denticles; anterior
angles distinct, angulate, slightly projecting forward
to about level of anterior margin; posterior angles
not apparent, evenly rounded. Pronotal disc with
complex patterns of ridges and depressed areas;
central portion with depressed area, bordered later-
ally by sinuate ridge, ridge equally raised through-
out; central portion bordered anteriorly by paired,
short, parallel ridges that become confluent with
anterior margin; basal portion of central discal area
with paired, baso-laterally directed ridges that end
before posterior margin, creating subtriangular
baso-medial depression. Pair of short, mid-lateral
carinae present between lateral pronotal margin and
basal half of central sinuate tuberculate ridge, as
well as a smaller pair of shorter carinae present
between lateral pronotal margin and anterior portion
of central sinuate tuberculate ridge. Procoxal cavities
broadly open externally. Mesothorax: Scutellum
well-developed, visible, ovoid to pentagonal; ante-
rior margin rounded or truncate, posterior margin
rounded to weakly angulate. Elytra: Elongate,
parallel-sided, widest at middle (EL = 1.8 mm, EW =
1.1 mm, EL/EW = 1.7). Surface with elongate
tubercles or short carinae and vermiculate tuber-
cles that cross interstrial intervals and merge
with other tubercles, often difficult to define.
Sutural stria raised, beaded, abruptly diverging
antero-laterally to form scutellary striole. Each
elytral base with 3 elongate carinae; 1
st
at base
of elytral interstrial interval 3, raised, elongate,
distinctly swollen posteriorly; 2
nd
at base of
interval 5, ½ as long as carina on interval 3;
3
rd
at base of interval 7, beginning at humeral
angle and extending towards apex, 2X as long
as carina on interval 5. Interval 9 without dis-
tinctly raised carina. Remaining tubercles and
raised areas irregular, vermiculate, sometimes
merging with neighboring tubercles. Carinae pres-
ent on elytral declivity, long, extending nearly to
apex. Epipleuron present, weakly defined, incom-
plete to apex, ending at abdominal ventrite IV.
Metaventrite: Longer than abdominal ventrite I,
with paired sinuate punctate grooves directly
posteriad and bordering mesocoxae, also with
paired, slightly curved punctate grooves directly
anteriad and bordering metacoxae. Discrimen
moderate, extending to middle ½ of meta-
ventrite, strongly impressed between and anteriad
metacoxae. Metacoxae transverse, narrowly sepa-
rated. Metendosternite of fully winged form as
in Fig. 2g (see genus-group description). Abdo-
men: Intercoxal process of abdominal ventrite I
triangular, apex acute. In males, ventrites III and
IV with large, smooth, transverse-oval patches in
lateral areas; patches occupy most of ventrite IV.
Metathoracic wing: Fully developed.
Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama (Fig. 24).
Biology. Specimens were collected under bark,
on fungus-covered logs, and in oak litter.
Etymology. From the word “amistad”meaning
friendship in Spanish, and named in honor of the
Parque International de La Amistad Costa Rica-
Panama, which is shared between Costa Rica
and Panama and is the source of much of the
type series.
Type Material. 20 specimens. Holotype, male
(pointed, CNCI): PAN: Chiri; 2200m; 2km E
Cerro Punta; 1.vi.77,S&J. Peck; Ber 377,oak litter.
Paratype (pointed, CNCI): PAN: Chiri; 1360m;
Lagunas, 5km NW; Hato del Volcan; 22.v.77,S&J.
Peck; Ber372, u. bark. Paratype (pointed, CNCI):
PAN: Chiri; 1550m; 15kmNW HatoVolcan;
Hartmann Finca; 25.v.77,S&J. Peck; Ber369, u.
bark. Paratypes (2 pointed, one partially dissected,
genitalia and abdomen in glycerine in genitalia vial
pinned underneath specimen, CNCI): PANAMA,
Chiriqui; Prov. 2km N. Sta.; Clara, 1300m, 8°51′N,;
82°46′WHartmann’s; Finca 30-31.V.77; H. & A.
Howden. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): PANAMA:
Chiriquí; 27.7 km W Volcan,; Hartmann’s Finca,
1650-1700 m; 8°51′48″N,82°44′36″W; 18 Jun
728 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
1996; J. Ashe,; R.Brooks PAN1AB96 194; ex:
fungusy log / [label with barcode] SM0050555;
KUNHM-ENT. Paratype (pointed, missing head
and prothorax, KSEM): PANAMA: Chiriquí;
27.7 km W Volcan; Hartmann’s Finca, 1450 m;
8°51′48″N,82°44′36″W; 17 Jun 1996; J. Ashe,; R.
Brooks PAN1AB96 168; ex: fungusy log / [label
with barcode] SM0042129; KUNHM-ENT.
Paratype (pointed, KSEM): PANAMA: Chiriquí;
27.7 km W Volcan; Hartmann’s Finca, 1450 m;
8°51′48″N,82°44′36″W; 17 Jun 1996; J. Ashe,; R.
Brooks PAN1AB96 168; ex: fungusy log / [label
with barcode] SM0042121; KUNHM-ENT.
Paratype (pointed, KSEM): PANAMA: Chiriquí;
27.7 km W Volcan; Hartmann’s Finca, 1650-1700 m;
8°51′42″N,82°44′48″W; 17 Jun 1996; J. Ashe,;
R.Brooks PAN1AB96 164; ex: fungusy log /
[label with barcode] SM0049750; KUNHM-ENT.
Paratype (pointed, KSEM): PANAMA: Chiriquí;
27.7 km W Volcan; Hartmann’s Finca, 1650-1700 m;
8°51′42″N,82°44′48″W; 17 Jun 1996; J. Ashe,;
R.Brooks PAN1AB96 164; ex: fungusy log / [label
with barcode] SM0049743; KUNHM-ENT.
Paratype (pointed, CNCI): PAN., Chiriqui,; Las
Lagunas,; 1300m., 4.5Km.; WSW Hato del Volcan,
22.V.; 1977, S&J Peck / Ber. 372, frass; under bark;
and fungi. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): PANAMA:
Chiriqui Prov; 27.7 km W. Volcan; Hartmann’s
Finca; 08°45′N, 82°48′W; 1450m, 16 VI 1995;
J. Ashe & R.Brooks#226; ex: fogging fungusy
log. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA:
Puntarenas Prov.; Las Alturas Biol. Sta., 1660m;
08°56.17′N, 82°50.01′W; 1-VI-2004. J.S. Ashe,
Z. Falin,; I. Hinojosa. Ex: fungus covered; logs.
CR1AFH04 069 / [label with barcode] SM0610417;
KUNHM-ENT. Paratypes (4 pointed, KSEM):
same data as previous specimen, but barcode num-
bers 0611823, 0611863, 0611876, and 0611973.
Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA:
Puntarenas Prov.; Las Alturas Biol. Sta., 1660m;
08°56.17′N, 82°50.01′W; 3-VI-2004. J.S. Ashe,
Z. Falin,; I. Hinojosa. Ex: fungus covered; logs.
CR1AFH04 093 / [label with barcode] SM0613007;
KUNHM-ENT. Paratype (pointed, partially dis-
sected, genitalia and abdomen in glycerine in geni-
talia vial pinned underneath specimen, KSEM):
same data as previous specimen, but barcode
number 0613057. Paratype (pointed, MNCR):
COSTA RICA, Prov. Puntarenas. Coto; Brus. Z.P.
Las Tablas. Cotoncito.; 1400-1500m. 10-14 SEP 2006.
R.; Gonzáles Tenorio. Tp. Luz.; L_S_321800_596700
#87457 / [label with barcode] INB0004041909;
INBIOCRI COSTA RICA
Helonoton ashei Lord and Ivie, new species
(Figs. 7, 23)
Diagnosis. Helonoton ashei most closely
resembles H. mexicanum, but differs in the central
ridge on the pronotal disc interrupted to form a
pair of strongly raised medial tubercles and short,
anterior carinae, both pairs of mid-lateral pronotal
tubercles less developed and subequal in size,
elytral interstrial interval 1 (sutural) raised, but
not variously interrupted in basal half, basal
elytral carina of interval 7 interrupted forming a
short basal carina and small tubercle, elytral tuber-
cles a mixture of short carinae and ovoid tuber-
cles, and epipleuron ending before elytral apex.
Description. Size small (TL = 3.1 mm), body
oval-elongate (TL/EW = 2.1), subparallel; bicol-
ored, dark brown with light brown/golden patches
(difficult to see if specimen is encrusted); habitus
as in Fig. 7. Head: Elongate (HW = 0.6 mm), not
constricted behind eyes. Antennae: 11-segmented,
ending in an abrupt, 2-segmented club; antennomeres
10–11 forming distinct club, antennomere 10 trans-
verse, trapezoidal to slightly asymmetrical, narrowest
at base; antennomere 11 truncate at base, transverse,
rounded apically. Prothorax: Pronotum elongate
(PW = 1.2 mm, PL = 1.0 mm, PL/PW = 0.8),
widest at apical ⅓, narrowest at base. Lateral
margins of pronotum sinuate, widening apically,
anterior ⅓produced into strong arcuate lobe, poste-
rior ⅔of lateral pronotal margin with small lobe or
denticle; anterior angles distinct, slightly projecting
forward to about level of anterior margin; posterior
angles present, small. Pronotal disc with complex
patterns of ridges and depressed areas; central por-
tion with strongly depressed area, bordered laterally
by sinuate ridge, ridge interrupted to form strong
tubercles in posterior ½ and paired, short, parallel
ridges anteriorly that become confluent with ante-
rior margin; central portion bordered basally by sub-
tle, paired, baso-laterally directed ridges that end
before posterior margin that create subtriangular
baso-medial depression. Pair of ovoid, mid-lateral
tubercles present between lateral pronotal margin
and basal ½ of central sinuate tuberculate ridge, as
well as subequal pair present between lateral
pronotal margin and anterior portion of central sin-
uate tuberculate ridge. Procoxal cavities broadly
open externally. Mesothorax: Scutellum well-
developed, visible, oval, slightly transverse. Elytra:
Elongate-oval, parallel-sided, widest at middle
(EL = 2.1 mm, EW = 1.4 mm, EL/EW = 1.5). Sur-
face with series of well-defined tubercles and shal-
low carinae/ridges. Sutural stria raised, beaded,
ending at level of carina on interstrial interval 3.
Scutellary striole present, but interrupted by small
tubercle mid-way between end of sutural stria and
elytral base. Each elytral base with 4 elongate cari-
nae; 1
st
at base of elytral interstrial interval 3, raised,
elongate, not distinctly swollen posteriorly; 2
nd
at
base of interval 5, slightly shorter than carina on
interval 3; 3
rd
at base of interval 7, beginning at
humeral angle and extending towards apex, as long
729THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
as carina on interval 5; 4
th
on interval 8, on humeral
angle, shorter than carina on interval 7. Interval 9
with 3 evenly separated, subequal tubercles.
Remaining tubercles on middle portion of elytra
small and round to elongate-oval, of variable sizes.
Carinae present on elytral declivity, short, not
extending nearly to apex. Epipleuron present,
weakly defined, incomplete to apex, ending at
junction of abdominal ventrites IV and V. Meta-
ventrite: Longer than abdominal ventrite I, with
paired sinuate grooves directly posteriad and bor-
dering mesocoxae, also with paired, slightly curved
grooves directly anteriad and bordering metacoxae.
Discrimen moderately long, extending to anterior ½
of metaventrite, more strongly impressed basally.
Metacoxae transverse, narrowly separated.
Metendosternite of fully winged form as in Fig. 2g
(see genus-group description). Abdomen: Inter-
coxal process of abdominal ventrite I triangular,
apex acute. In males, ventrite III without baso-
lateral smooth patches; ventrite IV almost completely
smooth except for apical margin. Metathoracic
wing: Fully developed.
Distribution. Honduras (Fig. 23).
Biology. Specimens were collected on crustose
fungi, in a flight intercept trap, and by beating in
montane, wet evergreen forests.
Etymology. Named in honor of the late James
“Steve”Ashe, an excellent entomologist, good friend,
and the collector of many specimens of Helonoton.
Type Material. 10 specimens. Holotype, female
(pointed, CMNC): HONDURAS: OLANCHO;
P. N. La Muralla, 14km. N. La; Union, 1450-1500m,
16-17.VIII.; 1994-206, R. Anderson, montane; wet
evergreen forest, beating. Paratypes (3 pointed,
CMNC, one specimen missing prothorax and head,
with abdomen glued to point): HONDURAS:
OLANCHO; P. N. La Muralla, 14km. N. La;
Union, 1450-1500m, 16-17.VIII.; 1994-206, R.
Anderson, montane; wet evergreen forest, beating.
Paratypes (5 pointed, KSEM): HONDURAS:
Olancho; La Muralla, 14km N. La; Union, 1450m,
25 VI 1994; 15°06′N, 86°42′W; J.Ashe,R.Brooks
#207; ex: crustose fungi on log. Paratype
(pointed, CMNC): HOND: Olancho; 14KmN;
LaUnion, PN LaMuralla; 1500m, wet mont. for.;
FIT, 16.VIII.94,; S&J Peck 94-37
Helonoton bituberculatum Lord and Ivie,
new species
(Figs. 8, 23)
Diagnosis. This species most closely resembles
H. ashei, but differs in the smaller size and more
convex-oval body shape, unicolorous elytra, reduced
number of basal elytral carinae, scutellary striole
not apparent, and distinctly shorter metaventrite.
Description. Size small (TL = 2.2 mm), body
convex-oval (TL/EW = 1.9), subparallel; unicolorous,
light brown; habitus as in Fig. 8. Head: Elongate
(HW = 0.5 mm), not constricted behind eyes.
Antennae: 11-segmented, ending in an abrupt,
2-segmented club; antennomeres 10–11 forming
distinct club, antennomere 10 transverse, trapezoidal
to slightly asymmetrical, narrowest at base; antenno-
mere 11 truncate at base, transverse, rounded
apically. Prothorax: Pronotum subquadrate (PW =
1.0 mm, PL = 0.8 mm, PL/PW = 0.8), widest at
apical ⅓, narrowest at base. Lateral margins of
pronotum sinuate, widening apically, anterior ⅓
produced into strong arcuate lobe, posterior ⅔
of lateral pronotal margin with small lobe or
denticle; anterior angles distinct, slightly projecting
forward to about level of anterior margin; posterior
angles present, small. Pronotal disc with complex
patterns of ridges and depressed areas; central
portion with strongly depressed area, bordered
laterally by sinuate ridge, ridge interrupted to
form extremely strong tubercles in posterior ½
and paired, short, parallel ridges anteriorly that
become confluent with anterior margin; central
portion bordered basally by subtle, paired, baso-
laterally directed ridges that end before posterior
margin, creating subtriangular baso-medial depres-
sion. Pair of ovoid, mid-lateral tubercles present
between lateral pronotal margin and basal half
of central sinuate tuberculate ridge, as well as
subequal pair present between lateral pronotal
margin and anterior portion of central sinuate
tuberculate ridge. Procoxal cavities broadly
open externally. Mesothorax: Scutellum well-
developed, visible, oval, slightly transverse. Elytra:
Elongate-oval, widest at middle (EL = 1.4 mm,
EW = 1.2 mm, EL/EW = 1.2). Surface with
series of well-defined tubercles and shallow
carinae/ridges. Sutural stria raised and carinate,
variously interrupted in basal 1/2, distinctly
diverging antero-laterally to form scutellary
striole. Scutellary striole present, but interrupted
by small tubercle near end of interrupted
sutural stria. Each elytral base with an elongate
carina, at base of interstrial interval 3, raised,
elongate, not distinctly swollen posteriorly.
Interval 9 with 3 evenly separated, subequal
tubercles. Remaining tubercles on middle portion
of elytra small and round to elongate-oval, of
variable sizes. Carinae present on elytral declivity,
short, not extending nearly to apex. Epipleuron
present, weakly defined, incomplete to apex,
ending at junction of abdominal ventrites IV and
V. Metaventrite: Slightly shorter than or about
as long as length of abdominal ventrite I; with
paired sinuate grooves directly posteriad and bor-
dering mesocoxae, also with paired, slightly
curved grooves directly anteriad and bordering
730 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
metacoxae. Discrimen short, reduced to an ovoid
impressed between and anteriad metacoxae.
Metacoxae transverse, moderately separated.
Metendosternite of apterous form (see genus-
group description). Abdomen: Intercoxal process of
abdominal ventrite I triangular, apex broadly
rounded, not acute. In males, ventrites III and IV
with large, smooth, transverse-oval patches in lat-
eral areas. Metathoracic wing: Absent.
Distribution. Honduras (Fig. 23).
Biology. Of the two specimens known, one was
collected beating; the other was collected by berlese
of Liquidambar L. (Altingiaceae) forest litter.
Etymology. Named after the two strongly
raised central tubercles on the pronotal disc, a
diagnostic character for this species.
Type Material. 2 specimens. Holotype, male
(pointed, partially dissected, genitalia and abdomen
in glycerine in genitalia vial pinned underneath
specimen, CMNC): HONDURAS: CORTES, P. N.;
Cusuco, 18.7km. N. Cofradia,; 5.4km. W. Buenos
Aires; Cerro Jilinco, 1650m, 26.VIII.; 1994-224
A. R. Anderson; liquidambar forest litter berlese.
Paratype, female (pointed, partially dissected, geni-
talia and abdomen in glycerine in genitalia vial pinned
underneath specimen, CMNC): HONDURAS:
CORTES, P. N.; Cusuco, 18.7km. N. Cofradia,;
5.4km. W. Buenos Aires, Cerro; Jilinco, 1650m,
26.VIII.1994-; 225, R. Anderson, beating.
Helonoton chiriqui Lord and Ivie, new species
(Figs. 9, 24)
Diagnosis. Helonoton chiriqui most closely
resembles H. pascoei, but can be identified by the
non-interrupted scutellary striole, shorter, more
ovoid elytral tubercles, less strongly raised central
carina of the pronotal disc, and Panamanian dis-
tribution. Helonoton chiriqui also superficially
resembles H. tatumbla, but the latter can be easily
distinguished by the 3-segmented antennal club
and head with distinct temples.
Description. Size moderate to large (TL =
3.5 mm), body elongate (TL/EW = 2.4), parallel-
sided; light brown to dark brown; habitus as
in Fig. 9. Head: Elongate (HW = 0.6 mm), not
constricted behind eyes. Antennae: 11-segmented,
ending in an abrupt, 2-segmented club; antennomeres
10–11 forming distinct club, antennomere 10 trans-
verse, trapezoidal to slightly asymmetrical, narrowest
at base; antennomere 11 truncate at base, transverse,
rounded apically. Prothorax: Pronotum subquadrate
to elongate (PW = 1.2 mm, PL = 1.0 mm, PL/PW =
0.9), widest at apical ¼, narrowest at base. Lateral
margins of pronotum sinuate, widening apically,
anterior ⅓produced into moderate arcuate lobe, lat-
eral margin with constriction at middle, posterior ½
subtly sinuate, microdenticulate; anterior angles dis-
tinct, rounded, slightly projecting forward to about
level of anterior margin; posterior angles weak,
angulate. Pronotal disc with complex patterns of
ridges and depressed areas; central portion with
depressed area, bordered laterally by pair of out-
wardly arcuate ridges, ridge equally raised through-
out; central portion bordered anteriorly by paired,
short, parallel ridges that become confluent with
anterior margin; basal portion of central discal area
with paired, baso-laterally directed ridges that end
before posterior margin, creating subtriangular
baso-medial depression. Pair of short, mid-lateral
carinae present between lateral pronotal margin and
basal half of central sinuate tuberculate ridge, as
well as smaller pair of shorter carinae present
between lateral pronotal margin and anterior portion
of central sinuate tuberculate ridge. Procoxal cavi-
ties broadly open externally. Mesothorax: Scutel-
lum well-developed, visible, quadrate to ovoid;
anterior margin truncate, posterior margin rounded
to straight. Elytra: Elongate, parallel-sided, widest
at middle (EL = 2.5 mm, EW = 1.5 mm, EL/EW =
1.7). Surface with elongate tubercles or short cari-
nae. Sutural stria raised, beaded, abruptly diverging
antero-laterally to form scutellary striole. Each
elytral base with 3 elongate carinae; 1
st
at base of
elytral interstrial interval 3, raised, elongate, dis-
tinctly swollen posteriorly; 2
nd
at base of interval 5,
⅔as long as carina on interval 3; 3
rd
at base of
interval 7, more weakly defined, beginning at
humeral angle and extending towards apex, 2X as
long as carina on interval 5. Interval 9 without dis-
tinctly raised carina. Remaining tubercles on middle
portion of elytra small and round to elongate-oval,
of variable sizes. Carinae present on elytral decliv-
ity, long, extending nearly to apex. Epipleuron
present, weakly defined, incomplete to apex, ending
near middle of abdominal ventrite IV. Metaventrite:
Longer than abdominal ventrite I, with paired
sinuate grooves directly posteriad and bordering
mesocoxae, also with paired, slightly curved grooves
directly anteriad and bordering metacoxae.
Discrimen, extending to middle half of meta-
ventrite, strongly impressed between and anteriad
metacoxae. Metacoxae transverse, narrowly sepa-
rated. Metendosternite of fully winged form as in
Fig. 2g (see genus-group description). Abdomen:
Intercoxal process of abdominal ventrite I triangu-
lar, apex acute. In males, ventrites III and IV with
smooth, slightly raised, transverse-oval patches in
lateral areas; patches less obvious than in other
species. Metathoracic wing: fully developed.
Distribution. Panama (Fig. 24).
Biology. One specimen was collected from a
gilled mushroom.
Etymology. Named after the Chiriquí province
in western Panama, the locality where the type
series was collected.
731THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Figs. 9–12. Helonoton species, dorsal habitus. 9) H. chiriqui, holotype (KSEM); 10) H. costaricense, holotype
(MNCR); 11) H. foleyi, holotype (CNCI); 12) H. mexicanum, paratype (MAIC). Scale bars = 1 mm.
732 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Type Material. 10 specimens. Holotype, male
(pointed, KSEM): PANAMA: Chiriqui Prov.;
Volcan Baru; 1 km NW Boquete; 08°48′N,
82°29′W; 2200 m, 18 VI 1995; J.Ashe&R.
Brooks#241; ex: gilled mushrooms. Paratypes
(3 pointed, CNCI): PANAMA, Chiriqui; Prov.
2-3km E Cerro; Punta,2000-2200m, 23.; V.77
H. & A. Howden. Paratypes (3 pointed, one male
partially dissected, genitalia and abdomen in glyc-
erine in genitalia vial pinned underneath specimen,
CNCI): PANAMA, Chiriqui; Prov. 2-3km E Cerro;
Punta,2000-2200m, 28.; V.77 H. &A. Howden.
Paratypes (2 pointed, CNCI): PANAMA, Chiriqui;
Prov. 2-3km E Cerro; Punta,2000-2200m, 1.; VI.77
H. & A. Howden. Paratype (pointed, CNCI):
PANAMA, Chiriqui; Prov. 2-3km E Cerro;
Punta,2000-2200m, 8.; VI.77 H. & A. Howden.
Helonoton costaricense Lord and Ivie,
new species
(Figs. 2, 10, 24)
Diagnosis. Helonoton costaricense is most simi-
lar to H. amistad in possessing irregular, vermicu-
late elytral tubercles that cross over elytral interstrial
intervals and merge with neighboring tubercles, but
differs in the straight, tapering basal third of the
pronotal lateral margins, margins lacking numerous
small, distinct denticles, and shorter and more
ovoid posterior mid-lateral pronotal tubercles.
Description. Size moderate (TL = 4.4 mm), body
oval-elongate (TL/EW = 2.5), subparallel; light brown
to dark brown; habitus as in Fig. 10. Head: elongate
(HW = 0.7 mm), not constricted behind eyes
(Fig. 2a). Antennae: 11-segmented, ending in an
abrupt, 2-segmented club (Fig. 2d); antennomeres
10–11 forming distinct club, antennomere 10 trans-
verse, trapezoidal to slightly asymmetrical, narrowest
at base; antennomere 11 truncate at base, transverse,
rounded apically. Prothorax: Pronotum elongate
(PW = 1.5 mm, PL = 1.2mm, PL/PW = 0.8), widest
at apical ⅓, narrowest at base. Lateral margins of
pronotum sinuate, widening apically, anterior ⅓pro-
duced into weak arcuate lobe, posterior ⅔gradually
narrowing basally, lacking lobes/denticles (Fig. 2h);
anterior angles distinct, slightly projecting forward
to about level of anterior margin; posterior angles not
apparent, evenly rounded. Pronotal disc with com-
plex patterns of ridges and depressed areas; central
portion with strongly depressed area, bordered later-
ally by sinuate ridge, ridge equally raised through-
out; central portion bordered anteriorly by paired,
short, parallel ridges that become confluent with
anterior margin and bordered basally by paired,
baso-laterally directed ridges that end before poste-
rior margin creating sub-triangular baso-medial
depression. Pair of ovoid, mid-lateral tubercles pres-
ent between lateral pronotal margin and basal half of
central sinuate tuberculate ridge, as well as smaller
pair present between lateral pronotal margin and
anterior portion of central sinuate tuberculate ridge.
Procoxal cavities broadly open externally (Fig. 2h).
Mesothorax: Scutellum well-developed, visible,
pentagonal, transverse; anterior margin truncate,
posterior margin rounded to slightly angulate.
Elytra: Elongate, parallel-sided, widest at middle
(EL = 3.1 mm, EW = 1.8 mm, EL/EW = 1.8). Sur-
face with network of vermiculate tubercles and
shallow carinae/ridges, difficult to define. Sutural
stria raised, beaded, abruptly diverging antero-
laterally to form scutellary striole. Each elytral base
with 3 elongate carinae; 1
st
at base of elytral inter-
strial interval 3, raised, elongate, distinctly swollen
posteriorly; 2
nd
at base of interval 5, ½ as long as
carina on interval 3; 3
rd
at base of interval 7, begin-
ning at humeral angle and extending towards apex,
2X as long as carina on interval 5. Interval9 without
distinctly raised carina. Remaining tubercles and
raised areas irregular, vermiculate, sometimes merg-
ing with neighboring tubercles. Carinae present on
elytral declivity, irregular, not extending nearly to
apex. Epipleuron present, weakly defined, incom-
plete to apex, ending at junction of abdominal
ventrites IV and V. Metaventrite: Longer than
abdominal ventrite I, with paired sinuate grooves
directly posteriad and bordering mesocoxae, also
with paired, slightly curved grooves directly anteriad
and bordering metacoxae (Fig. 2i). Discrimen short,
extending only to basal ⅓of metaventrite, strongly
impressed between and anteriad metacoxae.
Metacoxae transverse, narrowly separated.
Metendosternite of fully winged form as in Fig. 2g
(see genus-group description). Abdomen: Intercoxal
process of abdominal ventrite I triangular, apex acute
(Fig. 2j). In males, ventrites III and IV with large,
smooth, transverse-oval patches in lateral areas.
Metathoracic wing: Fully developed.
Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama (Fig. 24).
Biology. Specimens were collected on Xylariaceae
fungus, under the bark of standing trees, from splin-
tered tree branches, by fogging fungus-covered logs
or loose bark on fallen trees, or in Malaise traps.
Etymology. Named after Costa Rica, the
country where the vast majority of the type spe-
cies was collected.
Type Material. 98 specimens. Holotype, male
(pointed, MNCR): COSTA RICA. Prov. Limón,
P.Int. La; Amistad, Send. Antiguo Campamento,;
2484m, 19 MAR 2003, M. Alfaro,; Libre,
L_S_340258_577465 #73646 / [label with barcode]
INB0003716972; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA.
Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San
Jose; PanAmerican Hwy. Km 80.5; 7km SSW,
Cabinas de Quetzal; 9°33′53″N,83°48′5″W, 2150 m;
21 JUL 2000; J.Ashe, R.Brooks, Z.Falin;
CR1ABF00 207 ex: Xylariaceae / [label with
733THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
barcode] SM 0208270; KUNHM-ENT. Paratypes
(14 pointed, KSEM): same data as previous speci-
men, but barcode numbers 0208238, 0208239,
0208261, 0208268, 0208269, 0208271, 0208272,
0208290, 0242659, 0242674, 0242681, 0242689,
0242695, and 0242696. Paratype (disarticulated,
in glycerine, KSEM): same data as previous speci-
mens, but barcode number 0208251. Paratype
(1 pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose;
PanAmerican Hwy. Km 80.5; 7km SSW, Cabinas
de Quetzal; 9°33′53″N,83°48′5″W, 2150 m;
21 JUL 2000; J.Ashe, R.Brooks; Z.Falin
CR1ABF00 208; ex: fogging fungus covered log /
[label with barcode] SM0208531; KUNHM-ENT.
Paratypes (6 pointed, KSEM): same data as previ-
ous specimen, but barcode numbers: SM0206082,
0209715, 0209717, 0209723, SM0209823, and
0209824. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA
RICA: San Jose; PanAmerican Hwy. Km 80.5; 7km
SSW, Cabinas de Quetzal; 9°33′53″N,83°48′5″W,
2150 m; 22 JUL 2000; J.Ashe, R.Brooks; Z.Falin
CR1ABF00 217; ex: fogging fungus covered log /
[label with barcode] SM0205948; KUNHM-ENT.
Paratypes (4 pointed, KSEM): same data as previous
specimen, but barcode numbers 0208060, 0208108,
0208128, and 0208152. Paratype (pointed, KSEM):
COSTA RICA: San Jose; PanAmerican Hwy. Km 70;
Mirador El Quetzal, 2650 m; 9°38′37″N,83°51′2″W;
20 JUL 2000; J.Ashe, R.Brooks,; Z.Falin CR1ABF00
195; ex: fogging fungus covered log / [label with
barcode] SM0205682; KUNHM-ENT. Paratypes
(2 pointed, KSEM): same data as previous specimen,
but barcode numbers 0205662 and 0205684. Para-
type (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose;
PanAmerican Hwy. Km 70; Mirador El Quetzal,
2650 m; 9°38′37″N,83°51′2″W; 20 JUL 2000;
J.Ashe, R.Brooks, Z.Falin; CR1ABF00 200; ex: fog-
ging loose bark on standing tree / [label with
barcode] SM0199330; KUNHM-ENT. Paratype
(pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose Prov.;
Genesis II Reserve. 2360m; 09°42.57′N, 83°54.64′W;
13-VI-2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin,; I. Hinojosa. Ex:
fungus covered; logs. CR1AFH04 224 / [label with
barcode] SM0661198; KUNHM-ENT. Paratype
(pointed, KSEM): same data as previous specimen,
but barcode number 0661329. Paratype (pointed,
KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose Prov.; Genesis II
Reserve. 2360m; 09°42.57′N, 83°54.64′W; 14-VI-
2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin,; I. Hinojosa. Ex: fungus
covered; logs. CR1AFH04 231 / [label with
barcode] SM0657641; KUNHM-ENT. Paratype
(pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose Prov.;
Genesis II Reserve. 2360m; 09°42.57′N, 83°54.64′W;
14-VI-2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin,; I. Hinojosa. Ex:
splintered tree; branches. CR1AFH04 241 / [label
with barcode] SM0660962; KUNHM-ENT. Para-
type (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose
Prov.; Genesis II Reserve. 2360m; 09°42.57′N,
83°54.64′W; 15-VI-2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin,; I.
Hinojosa. Ex: pyrethrum fogging; splintered trees.
CR1AFH04 247 / [label with barcode] SM0658099;
KUNHM-ENT. Paratype (pointed, KSEM):
COSTA RICA: San Jose Prov.; 2.4km ENE Sn
Gerardo de Rivas,; Cloudbridge Reserve, Ridge
trail; 2000-2200m 09°28.07′N,; 83°33.84′W9-VI-
2004, J.S. Ashe,; Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa. Ex: fungus;
covered logs. CR1AFH04 162 / [label with
barcode] SM0641548; KUNHM-ENT. Paratype
(pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose Prov.;
La Catarata, San Gerardo de; Dota, 09°32.80′N,
83°48.68′W; 2225m, 26-V-2004, J.S. Ashe,; Z.
Falin, I. Hinojosa. Ex: fungus; covered logs
CR1AFH04 001 / [label with barcode] SM0607080;
KUNHM-ENT. Paratype (pointed, KSEM):
COSTA RICA: San Jose Prov.; La Catarata,
San Gerardo de; Dota 09°32.80′N, 83°48.68′W;
2225m 12-VI-2004, J.S. Ashe,; Z. Falin, I.
Hinojosa. Ex: black; crustose fungus CR1AFH04
206 / [label with barcode] SM0660609; KUNHM-
ENT. Paratypes (2 pointed, KSEM): same data as
previous specimen, but barcode numbers 0660593
and 0660607. Paratypes (2 pointed, MAIC):
COSTA RICA:; VillaMills; Jan-May 1991; Malaise
Trap. Paratypes (13 pointed, CASC): COSTA
RICA, S.J.; 20mi. N. Sanisidro; delGeneral, 9000’;
VII-10-1974 / C.W.&L.B.O’Brien; &G.B.Marshall.
Paratype (pointed, CASC): COSTA RICA, S.J.,;
24mi. N. Sanisidro; delGeneral, 9300’; VI-22-1974 /
C.W.&L.B.O’Brien; &G.B.Marshall. Paratype
(pointed, MAIC): COSTA RICA:Prov. San Jose;
26km N. San Isidro; 9°30′N, 83°43′W, 2100m;
JUNE-AUG 1992, P. Hansen; Malaise trap in 2°
forest. Paratype (pinned, MNCR): Send. Principal
del Cerro Chirripo en; Monte Sin Fe, 3.4 Km SO.
del Cerro; Ventisquero, San Jose, Costa Rica.; 3200m.
12 ABR 1996. B. Gamboa,; L_S_377700_515700
#7601. / [label with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO;
CRI002 476234. Paratypes (3 pinned, MNCR): same
data as previous specimen, but barcode numbers
476235, 476236, and 476237. Paratype (pinned,
MNCR): Est. Cuericí. Sendero el Carbón. 5 Km; al E.
de Villa Mills, Prov, San Jo,; COSTA RICA. 2700m.
8 ENE 1996. B.; Gamboa, L_S_390100_500100
#6773 / [label with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO;
CRI002; 332099. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): Est.
Cuericí. Sendero el Carbón.5Km;alE.deVillaMills,
Prov. San José,; COSTA RICA. 2600m. 26 OCT
1995.; B. Gamboa, L_S_390100_500100 #6328 /
[label with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO; CRI002;
468223. Paratypes (3 pinned, MNCR): same data as
previous specimen, but barcode numbers 468224,
468225, and 468226. Paratype (1 pinned, MNCR):
Est. Cuerici, Send. El Mirador, 4 Km al; E. Villa Mills,
San Jose, Costa Rica.; 2900m. 17 MAR 1996. B.
Gamboa,; L_S_390450_500100 #7039 / [label with
barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO; CRI002; 380263.
734 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Paratype (pinned, MNCR) same data as previous
specimen, but barcode number 380265. Paratypes
(5 pointed, MNCR): COSTA RICA, Prov. Cartago,
Rio; Macho, 3 Km E. de Villa Mills, Camino;
Principal del Cattie. 2750m. 12 JUL; 1996.
B. Gamboa.; L_S_390400_498100 #7707 / [label
with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO; CRI002;
443822. Paratypes (2 card-mounted together,
MNCR): SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA; Villa Mills
3000m; 5marzo1986; COL: A. SOLIS B. / [label
with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO; CRI002;
144920. Paratypes (4 card-mounted together,
MNCR): SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA; Villa Mills
3000m; 5marzo1986; COL: A. SOLIS B. / [label
with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO; CRI000;
144989. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): COSTA
RICA. Prov. Cartago, El; Guarco, R.F. Rio Macho,
Est. La; Esperanza del Guarco, 2700m, 20 - 25; ENE
2002, R. G. Tenorio, Libre,; L_N_185600_550000 #
66616 / [label with barcode] INB0003422166;
INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Paratype (pointed,
MNCR): same data as previous specimen, but
barcode number INB0003422174. Paratype
(pointed, MNCR): COSTA RICA. Prov. Cartago, El;
Guarco, R.F. Rio Macho, Est. La; Esperanza del
Guarco, 2700m, 27 - 30; ENE 2002, R. Tenorio,
Microambientes; L_N_185600_550000 # 66617 /
[label with barcode] INB0003422211; INBIOCRI
COSTA RICA. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): COSTA
RICA. Prov. Cartago, R.F. Rio; Macho, Est. La
Esperanza, 2700m, 24 -; 25 MAR 2002, R. Gonzáles,;
Microambientes especiales; L_N_185550_549600 #
67862 / [label with barcode] INB0003422211;
INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Paratype (pointed,
MNCR): COSTA RICA. Prov. Cartago, El; Guarco,
San Isidro, Madre selva, Finca; Los Lagos, 2600m,
SEP 1993, BIMS -; Atta, T. Malaise.
L_N_184450_550050; #2441 / [label with barcode]
INB0003393242; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Para-
type (pointed, MNCR): COSTA RICA. Prov.
Limón, P.Int. La; Amistad, Send. Antiguo
Campamento,; 2484m, 19 MAR 2003, M. Alfaro,;
Libre, L_S_340258_577465 #73646 / [label with
barcode] INB0003716963; INBIOCRI COSTA
RICA. Paratype (3 pointed, MNCR): same data as pre-
vious specimen, but barcode numbers INB0003716979,
INB0003716962, and INB0003716981. Paratype
(pinned, MNCR): same data as previous specimen,
but barcode number INB0003716966. Paratype
(pointed, MNCR): Costa Rica, Prov. Limón, P.Int.,
La; Amistad. Ref. Valle Silencio 2400, 18; APR
2001. R. Gonzáles.; Microambientes especiales
(troncos); L_S_341400_577250 #62757 / [label
with barcode] INB0003316074; INBIOCRI COSTA
RICA. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): COSTA RICA,
Prov. Limón.; Talamanca. Bratsi. Send Albergue a;
Cerro Hoffman. 2450m. 21 MAR 2003.; C.
Hernández. Red De Golpe.; L_S_340450_575850
#73812 / [label with barcode] INB0003578070;
INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Paratype (pointed,
MNCR): COSTA RICA, Prov. Limón, P.Int. La;
Amistad, Bratsi, Valle del Silencio,; 2450m, 1 SEP
2001, R. Gonzáles; Tenorio, Red de Golpe.;
L_S_339917_577486 #65551 / [label with barcode]
INB0003396300; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA.
Paratype (pointed, MNCR): Madreselva, Finca
los Lagos, Prov.; Carta, COSTA RICA. 2600 m.
1 Set-23; Oct 1994. M.M. Chavarr. Malaise, L; N
184450 550050 #3354 / [label with barcode]
INB0003831971; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Para-
type (pointed, MNCR): Los Lagos, Madreselva.
Prov. Carta,; COSTA RICA. 2600 m. Jul 1994. M.;
M. Chavarr, Malaise, L N; 184450 550050 #3151 /
[label with barcode] INB0003797735; INBIOCRI
COSTA RICA. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): Est.
Cuerici. Sendero el Carbon. 5 Km; al E. de Villa
Mills, San Jose, Costa; Rica 2700m. 8-13 ENE
1996. A.; Picado, L_S_390100_500100 #6802 /
[label with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO;
CRI000; 379123
Additional Material Examined. 21 specimens
(non-types). There are several specimens from west-
ern Panama (Chiriquí Province) and central Costa
Rica that are outside the core range of this species
and are excluded from the type series. These speci-
mens are tentatively placed in H. costaricense, but
a closer examination of these and additional mate-
rial may result in the delineation of one or more
separate species. (16 pointed, USNM): COSTA
RICA; nr.Puriscal; 18 May 1951; OLCartwright.
(1 pointed, USNM): Turrialba; Costa Rica; 20 May
1951; OLCartwright. (1 pointed, CNCI): PANAMA,
Chiriqui; Prov. 2-3km E Cerro; Punta,2000-2200m.28.;
V.77 H. &A. Howden. (1 pointed, CNCI): PANAMA,
Chiriqui; Prov. 2-3km E Cerro; Punta,2000-2200m,
1.; VI.77 H. & A. Howden. (2 pointed, CNCI):
PANAMA, Chiriqui; Prov. 2-3km E Cerro;
Punta,2000-2200m, 23.; V.77 H. & A. Howden
Helonoton foleyi Lord and Ivie, new species
(Figs. 11, 24)
Diagnosis. This species is most similar to
H. tico in general appearance and possessing
narrow, elongate carinae at the base and apex of
the elytra, but can be distinguished by the pres-
ence of a tubercle/short carina on interstrial inter-
val 7 at the elytral mid-point, the central carinae
on pronotal disc less strongly raised, similar to
the anterior and posterior carinae on the disc, and
the Panamanian distribution.
Description. Size moderate (TL = 3.4 mm),
body elongate (TL/EW = 2.2), parallel-sided; light
brown to dark brown; habitus as in Fig. 11. Head:
Elongate (HW = 0.6 mm), not constricted behind
eyes. Antennae: 11-segmented, ending in an abrupt,
735THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
2-segmented club; antennomeres 10–11 forming
distinct club, antennomere 10 transverse, trapezoidal to
slightly asymmetrical, narrowest at base; antennomere
11 truncate at base, transverse, rounded apically.
Prothorax: Pronotum subquadrate to elongate
(PW = 1.1 mm, PL = 0.9 mm, PL/PW = 0.8), wid-
est at apical ¼, narrowest at base. Lateral margins
of pronotum sinuate, widening apically, anterior ⅓
produced into small arcuate lobe, lateral margin
with constriction at middle, posterior ½ subtly sinu-
ate, microdenticulate; anterior angles distinct,
angulate, slightly projecting forward to about level
of anterior margin; posterior angles not apparent,
evenly rounded. Pronotal disc with complex patterns
of ridges and depressed areas; central portion with
depressed area, bordered laterally by sinuate ridge,
ridge equally raised throughout; central portion
bordered anteriorly by paired, short, parallel ridges
that become confluent with anterior margin; basal
portion of central discal area with paired, baso-
laterally directed ridges that end before posterior
margin creating subtriangular baso-medial depres-
sion. Pair of short, mid-lateral carinae present
between lateral pronotal margin and basal 1/2 of
central sinuate tuberculate ridge, as well as smaller
pair of shorter carinae present between lateral
pronotal margin and anterior portion of central sinu-
ate tuberculate ridge. Procoxal cavities broadly open
externally. Mesothorax: Scutellum well-developed,
visible, ovoid to pentagonal; anterior margin
rounded to truncate, posterior margin rounded to
slightly angulate. Elytra: Elongate, parallel-sided,
widest at middle (EL = 2.5 mm, EW = 1.5 mm,
EL/EW = 1.7). Surface with elongate tubercles or
short carinae. Sutural stria raised, beaded, abruptly
diverging antero-laterally to form scutellary striole.
Each elytral base with 3 elongate carinae; 1
st
at base
of elytral interstrial interval 3, raised, elongate, dis-
tinctly swollen posteriorly; 2
nd
at base of interval 5,
½aslongascarinaoninterval3;3
rd
at base
of interval 7, beginning at humeral angle and
extending towards apex, 2X as long as carina on
interval 5. Interval 7 in middle of elytra with distinct
tubercle. Interval 9 without distinctly raised carina.
Remaining tubercles on middle portion of elytra
small and round to elongate-oval, subequal in size.
Carinae present on elytral declivity, long,
extending nearly to apex. Epipleuron present, weakly
defined, incomplete to apex, ending at abdominal
ventrite IV. Metaventrite: Longer than abdominal
ventrite I, with paired sinuate grooves posteriad and
bordering mesocoxae, also with paired, slightly
curved grooves anteriad and bordering metacoxae.
Discrimen moderate, extending to middle ½ of
metaventrite, strongly impressed between and
anteriad metacoxae. Metacoxae transverse, narrowly
separated. Metendosternite of fully winged form
as in Fig. 2g (see genus-group description).
Abdomen: Intercoxal process of abdominal
ventrite I triangular, apex acute. In males,
ventrites III and IV with large, smooth, trans-
verse-oval patches in lateral areas. Metatho-
racic wing: Fully developed.
Distribution. Panama (Fig. 24).
Biology. Specimens were taken on fungus-
covered logs.
Etymology. Named after Ian Foley (Helena, MT,
USA) for his camaraderie and numerous contribu-
tions to this paper.
Type Material. 4 specimens. Holotype, male
(pointed, partially dissected, genitalia and abdomen
in glycerine in genitalia vial pinned underneath
specimen, CNCI): PAN:Chiri; 1700m; 2km W
Cerro Punta; Audubon For.19.v.77; S&J.Peck,
Ber366. Paratype, female (pointed, partially dis-
sected, genitalia and abdomen in glycerine in gen-
italia vial pinned underneath specimen, head and
prothorax glued to point, CNCI): PANAMA, Prov.
Chiriqui; Cerro Punta, 8000 ft.; July 18-24, 1961;
J. M. Campbell. Paratype (pointed, KSEM):
PANAMA: Chiriqui Prov.; La Fortuna,”Río
Hornito; Trail.”08°42′N, 82°14′W; 1000 m, 11
VI 1995; J. Ashe & R. Brooks#175; ex: logging
fungusy log. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): PANAMA:
Chiriquí; 27.7 km W Volcan,; Hartmann’s Finca,
1650-1700 m; 8°51′48″N,82°44′36″W; 18 Jun
1996; J. Ashe,; R.Brooks PAN1AB96 194; ex:
fungusy log / [label with barcode] SM0050612;
KUNHM-ENT.
Helonoton mexicanum Lord and Ivie,
new species
(Figs. 12, 23)
Diagnosis. This species most closely resembles
H. ashei, but differs in the central ridge on the
pronotal disc more strongly and evenly carinate,
both pairs of mid-lateral pronotal tubercles more
developed and carinate, the posterior pair larger than
anterior pair, elytral interstrial interval 1 (sutural)
carinate, variously interrupted in the basal half,
basal elytral carinae of interval 7 not interrupted,
most elytral tubercles developed into short carinae,
and epipleuron continuing nearly to elytral apex.
Description. Size small (TL = 3.0 mm), body
oval-elongate (TL/EW = 2.2), subparallel; bicolored,
dark brown with light brown/golden patches (diffi-
cult to see if specimen is encrusted); habitus as in
Fig. 12. Head: Elongate (HW = 0.6 mm), broadest
at eyes, not constricted behind eyes. Antennae:
11-segmented, ending in an abrupt, 2-segmented
club; antennomeres 10–11 forming distinct club,
antennomere 10 transverse, trapezoidal to slightly
asymmetrical, narrowest at base; antennomere 11
truncate at base, transverse, rounded apically.
Prothorax: Pronotum elongate (PW = 1.1 mm, PL =
736 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
0.9 mm, PL/PW = 0.8), widest at apical ⅓, narrowest
at base. Lateral margins of pronotum sinuate, widen-
ing apically, anterior ⅓produced into strong arcuate
lobe, posterior ⅔with small lobe or denticle; anterior
angles distinct, slightly projecting forward to about
level of anterior margin; posterior angles present,
small. Pronotal disc with complex pattern of ridges
and depressed areas; central portion with strongly
depressed area, bordered laterally by sinuate ridge,
ridge strongly carinate throughout; central portion
bordered anteriorly by paired, short, parallel ridges
that become confluent with anterior margin and bor-
dered basally by distinct paired, baso-laterally
directed ridges that end before posterior margin creat-
ing subtriangular baso-medial depression. Pair of
strongly raised, short carinae present between lateral
pronotal margin and basal ½ of central sinuate
tuberculate ridge, as well as smaller pair present
between lateral pronotal margin and anterior portion
of central sinuate tuberculate ridge. Procoxal cavities
broadly open externally. Mesothorax: Scutellum
well-developed, visible, oval, not transverse. Elytra:
Elongate, parallel-sided, widest at middle (EL =
2.1 mm, EW = 1.4 mm, EL/EW = 1.5). Surface with
series of well-defined, short carinae. Sutural stria
raised and carinate, variously interrupted in basal half,
distinctly diverging antero-laterally to form scutellary
striole. Scutellary striole present, but interrupted by
small tubercle mid-way between end of interrupted
sutural stria and elytral base. Each elytral base with
4 elongate carinae; 1
st
at base of elytral interstrial
interval 3, raised, elongate, not distinctly swollen
posteriorly; 2
nd
at base of interval 5, ⅔length of
carina on interval 3; 3
rd
at base of interval 7, beginning
at humeral angle and extending towards apex, 2X
as long as carina on interval 5; 4
th
on interval 8, on
humeral angle, ⅓as long as carina on interval 7.
Interval 9 carinate, variously interrupted. Remaining
tubercles on middle portion of elytra small and
round to elongate-oval, of variable sizes. Carinae
present on elytral declivity, short, not extending
nearly to apex. Epipleuron present, narrowing api-
cally, continuing nearly to elytral apex. Metaventrite:
Longer than abdominal ventrite I, with paired sinuate
grooves posteriad and bordering mesocoxae, also
with paired, slightly curved grooves anteriad and
bordering metacoxae. Discrimen short, extending
onlytobasal⅓of metaventrite, strongly impressed
between and anteriad metacoxae. Metacoxae
transverse, narrowly separated. Metendosternite
of fully winged form as in Fig. 2g (see genus-
group description). Abdomen: Intercoxal pro-
cess of abdominal ventrite I triangular, apex
acute. In males, ventrites III and IV with large,
smooth, transverse-oval patches in lateral areas;
patches occupy most of ventrite IV. Metathoracic
wing: Fully developed.
Distribution. Mexico (Fig. 23).
Biology. Specimens were collected from a
dead branch on the ground and under Quercus L.
(Fagaceae) bark in a mesophyllic forest.
Etymology. Named after the home country of
this species, Mexico.
Type Material. 11 specimens. Holotype
(pointed, MAIC): MEXICO, Hgo. Hwy.105;
2.7mi.N.Tlanchinol; 5000’10May1983 CW.&;
L.O’Brien&GBMarshall. Paratype (pointed, MAIC):
MEXICO: Tamps., Mun.; Gomez Farias, La;
Gloria, 1400m., 17-; III-1988, P. Kovarik / collected
under: Quercus bark / mesophylic forest; Quercus,
Liquidambar,; Magnolia, Acer,; Carya, Podocarpus,
etc. Paratype, male (pointed, partially dissected,
genitalia and abdomen in glycerine in genitalia vial
pinned underneath specimen, MAIC): MEXICO,
Hgo.Hwy.105; 2.7mi.N.Tlanchinol; 5000’17June
1983 CW.&; L.O’Brien&GBMarshall. Paratype
(pointed, MAIC): MEXICO,Hgo.Hwy.105; 2.7mi.
N.Tlanchinol; 5000’16June1983 CW.&; L.O’Brien
&GBMarshall. Paratypes (3 pointed, MAIC):
MEXICO,Hgo.Hwy.105; 2.7mi.N.Tlanchinol; 5000’
15June1983 CW.&; L.O’Brien&GBMarshall.
Paratype (pointed, MAIC): MEXICO,Hgo.Hwy.105;
2.7mi.N.Tlanchinol; 5000’2Aug.1982 CW.&; L.
O’Brien&G. Wibmer. Paratypes (3 pointed,
MAIC): MEXICO,Hgo.Hwy.105; 2.7mi.N.Tlan-
chinol; 5000’10May1983 CW.&; L.O’Brien&GB
Marshall / from dead branch; on ground.
Helonoton pascoei (Sharp, 1894),
new combination
(Figs. 13, 23)
Bitoma pascoei Sharp 1894: 461, tab. XIV, fig. 21.
New combination.
Diagnosis. Helonoton pascoei most closely
resembles H. tatumbla in general appearance and
by having the scutellary striole interrupted by a
small tubercle, but differs in the 2-segmented
antennal club, head without distinct temples behind
the eyes, presence of the anterior pair of pronotal
mid-lateral tubercles, and a Mexican distribution. It
also resembles H. chiriqui, but can be diagnosed
by the interrupted scutellary striole, more elongate
elytral tubercles, more strongly raised central carina
of the pronotal disc, and Mexican distribution.
Description. Size small (TL = 3.6 mm), body
oval-elongate (TL/EW = 2.1), subparallel; light
brown; habitus as in Fig. 13. Head: Elongate
(HW = 0.7 mm), not constricted behind eyes.
Antennae: 11-segmented, ending in an abrupt,
2-segmented club; antennomeres 10–11 forming
distinct club, antennomere 10 transverse, trapezoidal
to slightly asymmetrical, narrowest at base;
antennomere 11 truncate at base, transverse,
rounded apically. Prothorax: Pronotum elongate
737THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Figs. 13–16. Helonoton species, dorsal habitus. 13) H. pascoei (MAIC); 14) H. pustulosum, holotype (FSCA);
15) H. tatumbla, paratype (CDFA); 16) H. tico, holotype (KSEM). Scale bars = 1 mm.
738 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
(PW = 1.4 mm, PL = 1.0 mm, PL/PW = 0.8),
widest at apical ⅓, narrowest at base. Lateral mar-
gins of pronotum sinuate, widening apically, ante-
rior ⅓produced into strong arcuate lobe, posterior
⅔straight, lacking lobes/denticles; anterior angles
distinct, slightly projecting forward to about level
of anterior margin; posterior angles present, small.
Pronotal disc with complex patterns of ridges and
depressed areas; central portion with strongly
depressed area, bordered laterally by sinuate ridge,
ridge more strongly tuberculate in posterior ½,
nearly appearing as separate tubercles; central por-
tion bordered anteriorly by paired, short, parallel
ridges that become confluent with anterior margin
and bordered basally by subtle, paired, baso-laterally
directed ridges that end before posterior margin,
creating subtriangular baso-medial depression. Pair
of strongly raised, ovoid, mid-lateral tubercles pres-
ent between lateral pronotal margin and basal half
of central sinuate tuberculate ridge, as well as
smaller pair present between lateral pronotal margin
and anterior portion of central sinuate tuberculate
ridge. Procoxal cavities broadly open externally.
Mesothorax: Scutellum well-developed, visible,
oval, not transverse. Elytra: Elongate, parallel-sided,
widest at middle (EL = 2.6 mm, EW = 1.7 mm,
EL/EW = 1.5). Surface with series of well-defined
tubercles and shallow carinae/ridges. Sutural stria
raised, beaded, ending before posterior of carina on
interstrial interval 3. Scutellary striole present, but
interrupted by small tubercle mid-way between end
of sutural stria and elytral base. Each elytral base
with 4 elongate carinae; 1
st
at base of elytral inter-
strial interval 3, raised, elongate, not distinctly
swollen posteriorly; 2
nd
at base of interval 5, ½ as
long as carina on interval 3; 3
rd
at base of interval
7, beginning at humeral angle and extending
towards apex, ⅓longer carina on interval 3; 4
th
on
interval 8, on humeral angle, shorter than carina
on interval 5. Interval 9 with three evenly sepa-
rated tubercles, middle tubercle carinate, longer
than anterior and posterior tubercles. Remaining
tubercles on middle portion of elytra small and
round to elongate-oval, of variable sizes. Carinae
present on elytral declivity, short, not extending
nearly to apex. Epipleuron present, weakly
defined, incomplete to apex, ending at junction of
abdominal ventrites IV and V. Metaventrite: Lon-
ger than abdominal ventrite I, with paired sinuate
grooves directly posteriad and bordering mesocoxae,
also with paired, slightly curved grooves directly
anteriad and bordering metacoxae. Discrimen short,
extending only to basal ⅓of metaventrite, strongly
impressed between and anteriad metacoxae. Meta-
coxae transverse, narrowly separated. Metendo-
sternite of fully winged form as in Fig. 2g (see
genus-group description). Abdomen: Intercoxal
process of abdominal ventrite I triangular, apex
acute. In males, ventrites III and IV with large,
smooth, transverse-oval patches in lateral areas.
Metathoracic wing: Fully developed.
Distribution. Mexico (Fig. 23).
Biology. One specimen was collected under
oak bark.
Comments. In his description, Sharp (1894)
remarks “Notwithstanding the fact that this insect
is so totally different from its more normal conge-
ners, the structural characters that I can see in
the single example at my disposal do not display
any corresponding dissimilarity.”Sharp also
remarks that “It somewhat resembles in form the
largest examples of Illestus terrenus, Pascoe...”
[= Lasconotus terrenus (Pascoe)], which is true,
but only in a superficial context. It is interesting
to note that although this is the oldest name, it is
the species known from the fewest specimens.
Type Material. 1 specimen. Holotype, female
(card-mounted, BMNH):[written at base of card
in Sharp’s hand] Bitoma pascoei; Type D.S.;
Huitzo.; Höge. / [round label with red border]
Type / Sp. figured. / Huitzo,; Oaxaca.; Höge. /
B.C.A., Col., II, (1).; Bitoma.
Additional Material Eamined. 1 specimen.
Male (1 pointed, partially dissected, genitalia and
abdomen in glycerine in genitalia vial pinned
underneath specimen, MAIC): MEXICO: Oaxaca;
27.3 mi N Ixtlan; de Juarez 9200’; VIII-10-18-
1973 / under; oak bark; A. Newton / “Bitoma”;
pascoei Sharp; det. S.A. Ślipiński 86 [abdomen
and genitalia dissected by NPL, in glycerine in
genitalia vial pinned beneath specimen].
Helonoton pustulosum Lord and Ivie,
new species
(Figs. 14, 23)
Diagnosis. Helonoton pustulosum most closely
resembles H. tripartum,butdiffersinthemore
lyriform pronotum, scutellary striole indistinct, cen-
tral ridge on the pronotal disc with strongly raised
anterior carinae that extend to anterior margin and
U-shaped posterior carinae that extend towards
basal margin, anterior lobes of lateral pronotal mar-
gin less strongly produced, basal two-thirds of lat-
eral pronotal margin strongly narrowed basally,
with a small denticle on a higher plane than the
rest of the lateral margin, and elytral tubercles
ovoid and more or less evenly spaced.
Description. Size small (TL = 2.3 mm), body
convex-oval (TL/EW = 1.8), subparallel; unicolorous,
light brown; habitus as in Fig. 14. Head: Transverse
(HW = 0.6 mm), with distinct temples, abruptly
constricted behind temples. Antennae: 11-segmented,
ending in an abrupt, 3-segmented club; antennomeres
9–11 forming distinct club, antennomeres 9 and
10 transverse, trapezoidal to slightly asymmetrical,
739THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
narrowest at base; antennomere 11 truncate at base,
transverse, rounded apically. Prothorax. Pronotum
subquadrate (PW = 1.1 mm, PL = 0.8 mm,
PL/PW = 0.7), widest at apical ⅓, narrowest at base.
Lateral margins of pronotum lyriform, widening
apically, posterior ⅔of lateral pronotal margin
strongly narrowed basally, with small denticle on
higher plane than rest of lateral margin; anterior
angles distinct, slightly projecting forward to about
level of anterior margin; posterior angles present,
small. Pronotal disc with complex patterns of ridges
and depressed areas; central portion with strongly
depressed area, bordered laterally by paired, sinuate
ridges that become confluent with anterior margin
and bordered basally by U-shaped posterior cari-
nae that merge with baso-laterally directed ridges,
end before posterior margin, creating subtriangular
baso-medial depression; single pair of ovoid,
mid-lateral tubercles present between lateral pronotal
margin and basal 1/2 of central sinuate tuberculate
ridge, slightly posterior to pronotal midline.
Mesothorax: Scutellum well-developed, visible,
oval. Procoxal cavities narrowly closed externally.
Elytra: Ovoid, widest at middle (EL = 1.5 mm,
EW = 1.3 mm, EL/EW = 1.2). Surface with series
of well-defined, more or less evenly spaced, round
to ovoid tubercles bearing dense setae, appearing
hirsute. Elytral interstrial intervals difficult to dis-
cern. Sutural stria raised, beaded, diverging antero-
laterally to form subtle scutellary striole. Scutellary
striole present, but interrupted by small tubercle
mid-way between end of interrupted sutural stria
and elytral base. Each elytral base with a swollen
tubercle at base of elytral interstrial interval 3 and
an irregular swollen tubercle at humeral angle.
Interval 9 without well-defined carina or tubercles.
Remaining tubercles on middle portion of elytra
large, elongate-oval, subequal in size. Carinae pres-
ent on elytral declivity, short, not extending nearly
to apex. Epipleuron present, narrowing apically,
incomplete to apex, ending at junction of abdominal
ventrites IV and V. Metaventrite: Slightly shorter
than or about as long as length of abdominal
ventrite I; with paired sinuate grooves directly
posteriad and bordering mesocoxae, also with
paired, slightly curved grooves directly anteriad
and bordering metacoxae. Discrimen short, extending
onlytobasal⅓of metaventrite, strongly impressed
between and anteriad metacoxae. Metacoxae
transverse, moderately separated. Metendosternite
of apterous form (see genus-group description).
Abdomen: Intercoxal process of abdominal ventrite I
triangular, apex broadly rounded, not acute. In males,
ventrites III and IV with large, smooth, transverse-
oval patches in lateral areas; patches occupy most of
ventrite IV. Metathoracic wing: Absent.
Distribution. Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala,
El Salvador (Fig. 23).
Biology. This species seems to be limited to
cloud forests, and specimens were collected by
pyrethrum fogging of fungusy logs, in flight inter-
cept traps, berlese litter extraction, and beating.
Etymology. Named after the evenly spaced,
round to ovoid tubercles on the elytra, reminiscent
of pustules.
Type Material. 18 specimens. Holotype, male
(pointed, FSCA): GUATEMALA: El Progresso;
Sierra de las Minas; nr. Cerro; Pinalon, “las
Cabañas”,; nr. 15.08467, -89.94299,; 12-15-V-
2010; 2579m; cloud forest; P. Skelley. Paratypes
(4 pointed, FSCA): GUATEMALA: El Progresso;
Sierra de las Minas; nr. Cerro; Pinalon, “las
Cabañas”,; nr. 15.08467, -89.94299,; 12-15-V-
2010; 2579m; cloud forest; P. Skelley. Paratypes
(2 pointed, CMNC): GUAT.: EL PROGRESSO;
20km.N. Estancia de la; Virgen, 1800-1900m.,8.VI.;
1991, R. Anderson, cloud; forest, 91-55. Paratype
(pointed, CMNC): MEXICO: CHIAPAS; Mpio:
Angel Albino Corzo; Reserva El Triunfo, Polygono 1,
2050m, 15°39.428 N 92°48.537 W; 16-21.XI.2001,
R. Anderson; mixed oak forest, 2001-203X. Para-
types (pointed, 1 disarticulated, in glycerine,
KSEM): HONDURAS: Ocotepe-; que, 24 km E.
Ocotepeque; El Guisayote, 14 VI 1994; 2170m,
14°25′N,89°04′W; J.Ashe,R.Brooks #098; ex:
Pyrethrum fogging; on fungusy log. Paratype
(1 pointed, KSEM): HONDURAS: Ocotepe-; que,
24 km E. Ocotepeque; El Guisayote, 14 VI 1994;
2170m, 14°25′N,89°04′W; J.Ashe,R.Brooks #09
8; ex: under bark. Paratype (pointed, KSEM):
HONDURAS: Ocotepe-; que, 24 km E. Ocotepeque;
El Guisayote, 14 VI 1994; 2170m, 14°25′N,89°04′
W; J.Ashe,R.Brooks #117; ex: flight intercept
traps. Paratype (pointed, CMNC): EL SALVADOR:
SANTA ANA; Cerro Montecristo, 21.7km; N. E.
Metapan, 2100m. 29.VIII.; 1994-229A. R. Anderson;
cloud forest litter berlese. Paratype (pointed,
CMNC): EL SALVADOR: CHALATEN.; El
Pital, 13.1km N. San; Ignacio, 2650m, 28.VIII.;
1994-226F, R. Anderson; cloud forest litter
berlese. Paratypes (4 pointed, CMNC): EL
SALVADOR: CHALATEN.; El Pital, 13.1km N.
San; Ignacio, 2600m, 28.VIII.; 1994-227, R.
Anderson; cloud forest beating.
Helonoton tatumbla Lord and Ivie, new species
(Figs. 15, 23)
Diagnosis. This species most closely resembles
H. pascoei in general appearance and having the
scutellary striole interrupted by a small tubercle,
but differs in the 3-segmented antennal club, head
with distinct temples behind the eyes, absence of
the anterior pair of pronotal mid-lateral tubercles,
and Costa Rican distribution.
740 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Description. Size moderate (TL = 3.1 mm),
body elongate, parallel-sided (TL/EW = 2.3); bicol-
ored, body light brown, pronotal disc and elytral
tubercles darer brown; habitus as in Fig. 15. Head:
Transverse (HW = 0.6 mm), with distinct temples,
abruptly constricted behind temples. Antennae:
11-segmented, ending in an abrupt, 3-segmented
club; antennomeres 9–11 forming distinct club,
antennomere 9 transverse, asymmetrical, narrowest
at base; antennomere 11 truncate at base, trans-
verse, rounded apically. Prothorax: Pronotum
quadrate (PW = 1.1 mm, PL = 0.9 mm, PL/PW =
0.8), widest at apical ⅓, narrowest at base. Lateral
margins of pronotum sinuate, widening apically,
anterior ⅓produced into strong arcuate lobe, pos-
terior ⅔of lateral pronotal margin with small lobe;
anterior angles distinct, rounded, slightly projecting
forward to about level of anterior margin; posterior
angles present, small. Pronotal disc with complex
patterns of ridges and depressed areas; central por-
tion with weakly depressed area, bordered antero-
laterally by pair of sinuate ridges that become
confluent with anterior margin and; basal ⅓of
pronotal disc with pair of prominent, raised tuber-
cles; disc bordered basally by subtle, paired, baso-
laterally directed ridges that merge with posterior
margin, creating subtriangular baso-medial depres-
sion. With pair of large, strongly projecting mid-
lateral tubercles present between lateral pronotal
margin and central portion of pronotal disc; ante-
rior mid-lateral tubercles absent. Procoxal cavities
narrowly closed externally. Mesothorax: Scutellum
well-developed, visible, ovoid. Elytra: Elongate,
parallel-sided, widest at middle (EL = 2.2 mm,
EW = 1.3 mm, EL/EW = 1.6). Surface with series
of well-defined tubercles and shallow carinae/ridges.
Sutural stria raised, beaded, ending before posterior
of carina on interstrial interval 3. Scutellary striole
present, but interrupted by small tubercle mid-way
between end of sutural stria and elytral base. Each
elytral base with 4 elongate carinae; 1
st
at base of
elytral interstrial interval 3, raised, elongate, not dis-
tinctly swollen posteriorly; 2
nd
at base of interval 5,
½ as long as carina on interval 3; 3
rd
at base
of interval 7, beginning at humeral angle and
extending towards apex, ⅓longer carina on interval
3; 4
th
on interval 9, on humeral angle, shorter than
carina on interval 7. Interval 9 with basal carina,
short, mid-elytral tubercle, and long posterior carina
that extends to elytral apex. Remaining tubercles
on middle portion of elytra small and round to
elongate-oval, of variable sizes. Carinae present on
elytral declivity, short, not extending nearly to apex.
Epipleuron present, well-defined, incomplete to
apex, ending at junction of abdominal ventrites IV
and V. Metaventrite: Longer than abdominal
ventrite I, with paired, punctate, sinuate grooves
directly posteriad and bordering mesocoxae, also
with paired, slightly curved grooves directly
anteriad and bordering metacoxae. Discrimen
short, extending only to basal ⅓of metaventrite,
strongly impressed between and anteriad meta-
coxae. Metacoxae transverse, narrowly separated.
Metendosternite of fully winged form as in Fig. 2g
(see genus-group description). Abdomen: intercoxal
process of abdominal ventrite I triangular, apex
acute. In males, ventrites III and IV with large,
smooth, transverse-oval patches in lateral areas.
Metathoracic wing: Fully developed.
Distribution. Honduras (Fig. 23).
Biology. Little is known about the biology of
this species. The type series was collected at
a blacklight.
Etymology. Named after the type locality,
Tatumbla, Francisco Morazán Department, Honduras.
Type Material. 3 specimens. Holotype, female
(pointed, CSCA): HONDURAS: Francisco;
Morazán, Tatumbula [sic]; V-22-1996, F.G.;
Andrews & A.J. Gilbert. Paratype, female
(pointed, CSCA): HONDURAS: Francisco;
Morazán, Tatumbula [sic]; V-22-1996, F.G.;
Andrews & A.J. Gilbert. Paratype, male (pointed,
CSCA): HONDURAS: Francisco; Morazán,
Tatumbula [sic]; V-22-1996, F.G.; Andrews &
A.J. Gilbert; Blacklight
Helonoton tico Lord and Ivie, new species
(Figs. 16, 24)
Diagnosis. Helonoton tico is most similar to
H. foleyi in general appearance and possessing
narrow, elongate carinae at the base and apex of
the elytra, but can be distinguished by the absence
of a tubercle/short carina on interstrial interval 7
at the elytral mid-point, the central carinae on
pronotal disc strongly raised, the elevation of the
central portion greater than the anterior and posterior
carinae on the disc, and the Costa Rican distribution.
Description. Size moderate (TL = 4.0 mm),
body elongate (TL/EW = 2.5), parallel-sided; light
brown to dark brown; habitus as in Fig. 16.
Head: Elongate (HW = 0.7 mm), not constricted
behind eyes. Antennae: 11-segmented, ending in
an abrupt, 2-segmented club; antennomeres 10–
11 forming distinct club, antennomere 10 transverse,
trapezoidal to slightly asymmetrical, narrowest at
base; antennomere 11 truncate at base, transverse,
rounded apically. Prothorax: Pronotum subquadrate
to elongate (PW = 1.2 mm, PL = 1.1 mm, PL/
PW = 0.9), widest at apical ¼, narrowest at base.
Lateral margins of pronotum sinuate, widening
apically, anterior ⅓produced into distinct arcuate
lobe, lateral margin with constriction at middle,
posterior ½ sinuate, microdenticulate; anterior
angles distinct, angulate, projecting forward to
slightly past level of anterior margin; posterior
741THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
angles weak, angulate. Pronotal disc with complex
patterns of ridges and depressed areas; central por-
tion with depressed area, bordered laterally by sin-
uate ridge, ridge equally raised throughout; central
portion bordered anteriorly by paired, short, paral-
lel ridges that become confluent with anterior mar-
gin; basal portion of central discal area with paired,
baso-laterally directed ridges that end before poste-
rior margin, creating a subtriangular baso-medial
depression. Pair of mid-lateral, weakly angulate
tubercles present between lateral pronotal margin
and basal ½ of central sinuate tuberculate ridge, as
well as smaller pair of angulate tubercles present
between lateral pronotal margin and anterior por-
tion of central sinuate tuberculate ridge; posterior
pair slightly larger than anterior pair. Procoxal cavi-
ties broadly open externally. Mesothorax: Scutel-
lum well-developed, visible, ovoid to pentagonal;
anterior margin rounded to truncate, posterior mar-
gin rounded to slightly angulate. Elytra: Elongate,
parallel-sided, widest at middle (EL = 2.9 mm,
EW = 1.6 mm, EL/EW = 1.9). Surface with elon-
gate tubercles or short carinae. Sutural stria raised,
beaded, abruptly diverging antero-laterally to form
scutellary striole. Each elytral base with 3 elongate
carinae; 1
st
at base of elytral interstrial interval 3,
raised, elongate, distinctly swollen posteriorly; 2
nd
at base of interval 5, ½ as long as carina on interval
3; 3
rd
at base of interval 7, beginning at humeral
angle and extending towards apex, 2X as long as
carina on interval 5. Interval 7 in middle of elytra
weakly raised, without distinct tubercle. Interval 9
without distinctly raised carina. Remaining tubercles
on middle portion of elytra small and round to
elongate-oval, subequal in size. Carinae present on
elytral declivity, long, extending nearly to apex.
Epipleuron present, weakly defined, incomplete to
apex, ending at abdominal ventrite IV. Meta-
ventrite: Longer than abdominal ventrite I, with
paired sinuate grooves directly posteriad and border-
ing mesocoxae, also with paired, slightly curved
grooves directly anteriad and bordering metacoxae.
Discrimen moderate, extending to middle ½ of
metaventrite, strongly impressed between and
anteriad metacoxae. Metacoxae transverse, narrowly
separated. Metendosternite of fully winged form as
in Fig. 2g (see genus-group description). Abdomen:
Intercoxal process of abdominal ventrite I triangular,
apex acute. In males, ventrites III and IV with large,
smooth, transverse-oval patches in lateral areas.
Metathoracic wing: Fully developed.
Distribution. Costa Rica (Fig. 24).
Biology. One specimen was collected in pri-
mary forest.
Etymology. Named in honor of Ticos, a collo-
quial term for the people of Costa Rica.
Type Material. 2 specimens. Holotype, female
(pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: Heredia; Cerro
Chompipe ca. 2km. N.; Monte de la Cruz, 1950m;
10°5′13″N,84°4′45″W; 25 JUL 2000; J.Ashe, R.
Brooks,; Z.Falin CR1ABF00 241 / [label with
barcode] SM0205773; KUNHM-ENT. Paratype,
male (pointed, partially dissected, genitalia and abdo-
men in glycerine in genitalia vial pinned underneath
specimen, TAMU): COSTA RICA: Prov. Heredia;
16km SSE La Virgen, 1050-; 1150m, 10°16′N
84°05′W; III-9-14-2001, E.G. Riley; primary forest.
Helonoton tripartum Lord and Ivie, new species
(Figs. 17, 23)
Diagnosis. Helonoton tripartum most closely
resembles H. bituberculatum, but differs in the
3-segmented antennal club, head with distinct tem-
ples, head abruptly constricted behind the temples,
scutellary striole apparent, central ridge on pronotal
disc evenly raised throughout, anterior lobes of lat-
eral pronotal margin less strongly produced, basal
⅔of lateral pronotal margin gradually narrowed
basally, with a small denticle, with only a single
pair of mid-lateral pronotal tubercles, and elytral
tubercles densely setose, approaching hirsute.
Description. Size small (TL = 2.6 mm), body
convex-oval (TL/EW = 1.8), subparallel; unicolorous,
light brown; habitus as in Fig. 17. Head: Trans-
verse (HW = 0.6 mm), with distinct temples,
abruptly constricted behind temples. Antennae:
11-segmented, ending in an abrupt, 3-segmented
club; antennomeres 9–11 forming distinct club,
antennomere 10 transverse, trapezoidal to slightly
asymmetrical, narrowest at base; antennomere 11
truncate at base, transverse, rounded apically. Pro-
thorax: Pronotum subquadrate (PW = 1.1 mm,
PL = 0.8 mm, PL/PW = 0.8), widest at apical ⅓,
narrowest at base. Lateral margins of pronotum
sinuate, widening apically, anterior ⅓produced
into moderate arcuate lobe, posterior ⅔of lateral
pronotal margin with small lobe or denticle; ante-
rior angles distinct, slightly projecting forward to
about level of anterior margin; posterior angles
present, small. Pronotal disc with complex patterns
of ridges and depressed areas; central portion with
strongly depressed area, bordered laterally by sinu-
ate ridge, ridge equally raised throughout; central
portion bordered anteriorly by paired, short, paral-
lel ridges that become confluent with anterior mar-
gin and bordered basally by paired, baso-laterally
directed ridges that end before posterior margin,
creating sutriangular baso-medial depression; single
pair of ovoid, mid-lateral tubercles present between
lateral pronotal margin and basal half of central
sinuate tuberculate ridge, slightly posterior to
pronotal midline. Procoxal cavities open externally.
Mesothorax: scutellum well-developed, visible,
oval. Elytra: Elongate, parallel-sided, widest at
middle (EL = 1.8 mm, EW = 1.4 mm, EL/EW =
742 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Figs. 17–20. Synchitine Colydiinae, dorsal habitus. 17) Helonoton tripartum, holotype (CMNC); 18) Paxillobitoma
clinei, holotype (FSCA); 19) Rapthius peruvianus, paratype (NHMW); 20) Slipinskius chilensis (AMNH). Scale bars = 1 mm.
743THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
1.3). Surface with series of well-defined tubercles
and shallow carinae/ridges bearing dense setae,
appearing hirsute. Sutural stria raised, beaded,
diverging antero-laterally to form subtle scutellary
striole. Each elytral base with a swollen tubercle at
base of elytral interstrial interval 3, and an irregular
swollen tubercle at humeral angle. Interval 9 with-
out well-defined carina or tubercles. Remaining
tubercles on middle portion of elytra large, elongate-
oval, subequal in size. Carinae present on elytral
declivity, short, not extending nearly to apex. Epi-
pleuron present, well-defined basally, incomplete to
apex, ending at junction of abdominal ventrites IV
and V. Metaventrite: Slightly shorter than or about
as long as length of abdominal ventrite I; with
paired sinuate grooves directly posteriad and bor-
dering mesocoxae, also with paired, slightly curved
grooves directly anteriad and bordering metacoxae.
Discrimen short, extending only to basal ⅓of meta-
ventrite, strongly impressed between and anteriad
metacoxae. Metacoxae transverse, narrowly sepa-
rated. Metendosternite of apterous form (see genus-
group description). Abdomen: Intercoxal process
of abdominal ventrite I triangular, apex broadly
rounded, not acute. Only known from single
female, but it is expected males will exhibit similar
dimorphism in ventrites III and IV as found in other
species. Metathoracic wing: Reduced.
Distribution. Mexico (Fig. 23).
Biology. The holotype was collected by berlese
of wet leaf/log litter in oak/pine/fir forest.
Etymology. Named after the 3-segmented anten-
nal club, a diagnostic character for this species.
Type Material. 1specimen.Holotype, female:
(pointed, partially dissected, genitalia and abdomen
in glycerine in genitalia vial pinned underneath
specimen, CMNC): MEXICO: Guerrero, 10.3km.;
S.W. Filo de Caballo, 2700m; 92-002, 13.VII.1992,
R.S.; Anderson,oak/pine/fir Forest; (wet),leaf/log
litt. Berlese [abdomen and genitalia dissected by
NPL, in glycerine in genitalia vial pinned
beneath specimen]
Paxillobitoma Lord and Ivie, new genus
(Figs. 3, 18, 21)
Type Species. Paxillobitoma clinei Lord and
Ivie, new species.
Etymology. From the Latin “Paxillus”mean-
ing “peg”as a modifier of “Bitoma,”a common
and morphologically variable genus in Synchitini.
This name refers to the sharp temple behind the
eye and general similarities with the genus Bitoma
Herbst, 1793. Feminine.
Diagnosis. Paxillobitoma superficially resem-
bles the genera Bitoma and Paha Dajoz, 1984.
Paxillobitoma can be distinguished from these gen-
era by the distinctive shape of the 1-segmented
antennal club, long antennal grooves that extend to
or beyond the posterior margin of the eye, distinct,
sharply acute temples projecting past the lateral
margin of eye, and excavations in the antero-lateral
corners of the prothorax for reception of the anten-
nal club.
Description. Size small (TL = 2.4 mm) body
elongate, subparallel, flattened (TL/EW = 2.3);
dark to light brown. Dorsal surface simple, with
few longitudinal carinae on pronotal disc and elytra;
vestiture consisting of short, curved setae at apex of
carinae and adjacent to elytral punctures. Ventral
surface reticulo-punctate; vestiture consisting of
short, sparse, curved setae. Habitus as in Fig. 18.
Head: Subquadrate (HW = 0.4 mm), broadest at
eyes, with distinct, sharply acute temples, lateral
apex of temple extends past lateral margin of eye,
not constricted behind eyes, apical margin sinuate,
apico-lateral margins slightly angulate (Fig. 3a).
Transverse groove at base of eye; with paired,
apico-laterally diverging sulci continuing nearly to
margin, less distinct apically, connected basally by
slight median depression, grooves result in swollen
antero-medial and posterio-medial areas, and
slightly raised lateral portion (frontal ridge) anteriad
eyes. Head with distinct ridge dorsad eye (best
seen in lateral view). Dorsal surface with small,
round to ovoid granules, variable in size, each
bearing short, thickened seta. Eyes entire, convex,
facets large, interfacetal setae absent. Ventral
surface: antennal groove distinct, long, curving
around posterior margin of eye. Gena slightly
inflexed basad mentum. Subgenal brace weakly
developed, truncate anteriorly, extending past
antennal pedicel (when antenna retracted into
antennal groove). Antennae: Shorter than total
length of head, not extending past junction of
head and pronotum; 10-segmented, ending in an
abrupt, 1-segmented club (Fig. 3d). Scape asym-
metrical, constricted and then abruptly expanded
at base to form an angulate, cupule-like socket,
apical portion of scape swollen, nearly as wide as
long; pedicel subspherical, slightly asymmetrical,
about as large as apical portion of scape; antennomere
3 narrow basally and slightly and gradually
expanding apically, about as long as 4+5;
antennomeres 4–9 short, increasingly shorter
and wider; antennomere 10 larger, forming an
abrupt club, greatly expanding anteriorly, truncate
at apex, with rounded setose apical field.
Antennomeres 3–9 each with ring of fine setae,
setae about as long as segment; antennomere
10 with few intermittent setae, apical margin
fringed with short, dense setae, apical setose
field with short, dense pubescence and few longer
setae. Mouthparts: Labrum subquadrate, anterior
margin arcuate, fringed with few sparse setae.
Mandibles symmetrical, with distinct mola and
744 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Figs. 21–22. Distribution maps. 21) Globotrichus harti in Costa Rica and Panama (Bolivian and Brazilian specimens
not shown, see text), Paxillobitoma clinei in French Guiana (Bolivian, Brazilian, and Panamanian specimens not shown,
see text), and Rapthius peruvianus in Peru; 22) Slipinskius chilensis in Chile.
745THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Figs. 23–24. Distribution maps of Helonoton species. 23) Species in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras;
24) Species in Costa Rica and Panama.
746 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
membranous prostheca; mandibular apex bidentate,
with third, broader subapical tooth (Fig. 3f). Maxil-
lary palpi 4-segmented, terminal palpomere conical
(Fig. 3c); galea and lacinia of normal form, bearing
numerous stout setae apically; lacinia with single,
curved spine. Mentum subquadrate, truncate api-
cally (Fig. 3b); ligula transverse, antero-lateral
angles somewhat swollen and expanded, anterior
margin slightly concave, fringed with row of short,
dense setae; labial palpi 3-segmented, terminal
palpomere conical to slightly fusiform, labial palpi
inserted ventrally. Prothorax: Pronotum subquad-
rate, parallel-sided (PW = 0.8 mm, PL = 0.7 mm,
PL/PW = 0.8). Lateral margins of pronotum
straight, slightly explanate, granulate (Fig. 3h);
anterior angles distinct, rounded, not reaching
level of anterior margin. Anterior margin raised,
sinuate, arcuate in medial portion, with beaded
margin, depressed/notched/excavated just inside of
anterior angles. Anterior margin without fringe of
setae. Posterior margin slightly sinuate to straight,
fringed with row of short, fine setae, directed poste-
rior-medially; posterior angles distinct, at right
angles. Pronotal disc with 2 pairs of subtle carinae,
medial pair diverging antero-laterally from base
until anterior ¼, then carinae converge antero-medi-
ally until ending at anterior margin; sublateral cari-
nae converge medio-laterally from base until about
middle of pronotum, then carinae diverge antero-
laterally until ending at anterior margin; central
portion between median pair of carinae slightly
depressed. Surface granulose, covered with sub-
equal round to ovoid granules, each bearing
short seta; carinae crested with short, curved setae.
Anterior inner angles of prosternum/hypomeron
excavated to receive antennal club. Prosternal pro-
cess nearly parallel-sided, slightly narrowing anteri-
orly, slightly expanded near apex, apex slightly
trilobate; prosternal process slightly raised; procoxal
cavities open externally, procoxae countersunk,
prosternal process extending ventrad and con-
cealing inner ¼ of procoxae from view. Procoxae
round, externally separated by about width of visi-
ble portion of procoxa, internally very narrowly sep-
arated. Mesothorax: Scutellum well-developed,
visible, oval. Mesoventrite: Apical margin of
mesoventrite straight to slightly convex. Meso-
ventral process slightly narrowed apically, apex
strongly notched medially (Fig. 3i), articulating with
well-developed “nipple”at apex of metaventral pro-
cess, forming locking mechanism. Mesocoxal cavi-
ties broadly closed, mesocoxal separation moderate,
about ⅓width of coxal diameter (visible coxa,
not accounting for countersunk portion). Elytra:
Elongate, parallel-sided, widest at apical ⅓(EL =
1.7 mm, EW = 1.0 mm, EL/EW = 1.6). Humeral
angles weakly produced. Anterior margin evenly
concave, with fringe of sparse, thin, internally
directed setae; lateral margins not explanate,
weakly granulate, margined by row of short,
curved setae. Apex rounded. Surface with subtle
carinae on interstrial intervals 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9; sutural
carina (interval 1) raised, beaded, diverging antero-
laterally to form scutellary striole; carina on interval
3 extends from elytral base and becomes confluent
with carina on interval 9 near apex, which then
extends to apical margin; carina 9 ends just
short of elytral base; carinae on intervals 5 and
7 extend from elytral base and become confluent
near apex, basal to junction of carinae on intervals 3
and 9. With 9 puncture rows. Surface serio-
tuberculate, with evenly spaced, subequal round
to ovoid granules, each bearing a short seta.
Epipleuron present, weakly defined, gradually
narrowing, but reaching elytral apex. Metaventrite:
Longer than abdominal ventrite I. Discrimen
present, short, strongly impressed between meta-
coxae. Metacoxae transverse, narrowly separated
(Fig. 3i). Metendosternite as in Fig. 3g. Furca
narrow, tapering posteriorly; laminae short, rounded;
lateral furcal arms long, narrowing apically; anterior
tendons narrowly separated; metafurcal ventral
flange present, not strongly projecting ventrally.
Abdomen: Ventrite I slightly longer than II (but not
longer than II+III, length does not include inter-
coxal process) (Fig. 3j). Abdominal ventrites II–V
gradually shorter, freely articulated, not connate.
Intercoxal process narrow, acute. Abdominal
ventrite V lacking groove, but with apical mar-
gin slightly thickened and bordered. Ventrites
with short, curved setae, setation of ventrite
V similar to ventrites I–IV. Legs: Trochanters
present, visible, trochantero-femoral attachment
strongly oblique (Fig. 3e). Femora simple, rugose,
anterior margin slightly sinuate, posterior margin
slightly arcuate, femora widest at middle; with
sparse, short setae. Tibiae simple, very slightly
expanded apically, external margin microtuber-
culate, each tubercle bearing a short seta. Tibial
apex with paired, extremely short spines ventrally
(difficult to see in uncleared specimens). Tarsomere
1 slightly longer than 2 (but not as long as 2+3),
slightly narrowed at base, with longer, denser
setation than remaining tarsomeres; tarsomeres
2–3 subequal in size; tarsomere 4 elongate, longer
than 1–3 combined, slightly expanded apically,
setation sparse; tarsal claws simple. Metathoracic
wing: Fully developed. Aedeagus: Elongate,
parallel-sided (Fig. 3k), extending nearly entire
length of abdomen in situ; curved dorsally
(Fig. 3l), cucujiform, tegmen lying dorsad
medial lobe ; anteroventral edge of segment IX
with spiculum gastrale. Ovipositor: Terminalia
with long, moderately thick spiculum ventrale,
clubbed proximally. Ovipositor elongate (Fig.
3m), with weakly sclerotized segments. Tergite IX
747THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
completely divided into 2 lateral paraprocts. Para-
proct with long baculus, about 1.25X as long
as gonocoxite. Tergite X weakly sclerotized, situ-
ated between paraprocts. Proximal and distal
lobes of gonocoxite weakly separated; proximal
lobe with weakly indicated transverse basal
baculi; basal lobe short, cylindrical, more well-
sclerotized than proximal lobe; with well-developed,
palpiform gonostylus attached apically; gonostylus
with few setae at apex. Female reproductive tract:
Not examined.
Distribution. Known from Panama in Central
America and French Guiana, Brazil, and Bolivia
in South America.
Comments. The type series of P. c l i n e i consists
of eight specimens collected in French Guiana.
There are an additional four specimens from Brazil,
one from Bolivia, and one from Panama. Exami-
nation of this non-type material did not reveal any
distinct morphological variation from the type
series, but due to the limited number of specimens
available for study, no dissections were performed.
Therefore, we elect to describe this monotypic
genus from the French Guianese material alone. It
is possible the Panamanian, Brazilian and Bolivian
members may prove to be distinct species, but until
more material can be obtained, we refrain from
describing additional taxa.
Paxillobitoma clinei Lord and Ivie, new species
(Figs. 3, 18, 21)
Diagnosis. See above under the generic information.
Description. Paxillobitoma clinei is the only
member of this genus and is diagnosed and charac-
terized by the diagnostic features given in the
generic description above. Likely species level
diagnostic features may include the pronotal and
elytral carination (Fig. 18), coloration, and shape
of the male genitalia (Fig. 3k, l).
Distribution. French Guiana (Fig. 21).
Biology. Seven specimens were taken at a mer-
cury vapor light; three from Eschweilera pseudo-
decolorans Mori and one from E schweilera
wachenheimii (Benoist) Sandwith (Lecythidaceae).
Etymology. Named after Dr. Andrew Cline, a
fellow Coleopterist and friend who first brought
the specimens to our attention.
Type Material. 8 specimens. Holotype (pointed,
FSCA): FRENCH GUIANA: 21; km SE Roura on
Kaw; Rd., 6-7-II-2010, J.E.; Eger, coll., MV Light /
N04°36.115′; W052°15.972′.Paratypes (5 pointed,
1 disarticulated, in glycerine, FSCA): FRENCH
GUIANA: 21; km SE Roura on Kaw; Rd., 6-7-II-
2010, J.E.; Eger, coll., MV Light / N04°36.115′;
W052°15.972′.Paratype (pointed, FSCA): FRENCH
GUIANA:33km;SERouraonKawRd.;
N04°34.135′W052°11.150′; 8-II-2010, collector:J.
Eger,; M.V.light 227m / N04°36.115′; W052°15.972′
Additional Material Examined. 6 specimens
(non-types, not included on map). (1 pointed,
FSCA): BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz; El Refugio Los
Volcanes; 18°06.364′S -063°35.554W; 4-9-X-2007,
elev. 3363 ft.; R. Morris, at light. (1 carded, BMNH):
BRAZIL: Am. [green underline]; Reserva Ducke;
26km NE Manaus; Hurtado, J.C.G. / Eschweilera;
pseudodecolorans; 25.vi.1996 / Tree No 129;
Tray No. 1 / C101.9 / BMNH{E}; 2003-84. (1
carded, BMNH): BRAZIL: Am. [green underline];
Reserva Ducke; 26km NE Manaus; Hurtado, J.C.G.
/Eschweilera; pseudodecolorans; 22.iii.1996 / Tree
No 32; Tray No. 10 / C101.8 / BMNH{E}; 2003-84.
(1 carded, BMNH): BRAZIL: Am. [green under-
line]; Reserva Ducke; 26km NE Manaus; Hurtado, J.
C.G. / Eschweilera; pseudodecolorans; 16.iii.1996 /
Tree No 130; Tray No. 6 / BMNH{E}; 2003-84.
(1 carded, BMNH): BRAZIL: Am. [green underline];
Reserva Ducke; 26km NE Manaus; Hurtado, J.C.G. /
Eschweilera; wachenheimii; 16.iii.1996 / Tree No 47;
Tray No. 5 / C101.6 / BMNH{E}; 2003-84. (1
pointed, CDFA): PANAMA: Panama Prov.;
8 km. N El Llano; on El Llano-Carta Road;
VI-6-1994. Blacklight; F.Andrews & A.Gilbert.
Rapthius Lord and Ivie, new genus
(Figs. 19, 21)
Type Species. Tarphius peruvianus Franz, 1969.
Etymology. Anagram of Tarphius Erichson,
1845, the original genus in which this species was
described. Masculine.
Diagnosis. Rapthius shares the elongate first
tarsomere concealing the smaller second tarsomere
with Monoedus Horn, 1882, but can be easily dis-
tinguished by the much narrower first tarsomere,
10-segmented antennae (as opposed to 9-segmented
in Monoedus), antennal club of a different shape,
body more oval and dorsally convex (Fig. 19),
and vestiture consisting of long, thin, erect setae.
Rapthius superficially resembles the New Zealand
genus Heterargus Sharp, 1886 and can be distin-
guished from this and all other genera by the
combination of 3-segmented tarsi, a 1-segmented
antennal club, and the presence of labial palpi.
Description. Size small (TL = 2.1 mm), body
convex-oval (TL/EW = 1.2), rounded; golden to
light brown; habitus as in Fig. 19. Dorsal surface
granulose; vestiture consisting of long, erect, hair-
like setae. Ventral surface granulose; vestiture
consisting of short, sparse, hair-like golden setae.
Head: Subquadrate (HW = 0.5 mm), broadest at
eyes, without temples, head not abruptly constricted
behind eyes, apical margin arcuate, apico-lateral
margins swollen, raised anteriad eyes. Dorsal sur-
face with large, round to ovoid granules, each
748 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
bearing a thin, short seta. Frontoclypeal suture
absent. Anterior margin of clypeus fringed with
long, thin setae. Eyes small, reduced to a few large
facets, interfacetal setae absent. Ventral surface:
antennal groove absent. Subgenal brace weakly
developed. Antennae: Moderately short, extending
to middle of pronotum. Antennae 10-segmented,
ending in an abrupt, 1-segmented club. Scape bar-
rel-shaped, slightly longer than wide; pedicel
abruptly narrowed at base, slightly longer than
scape; antennomere 3 narrow basally and slightly
and gradually expanding apically, longer than 4
but not as long as 4+5; antennomeres 4–9 short,
irregular, nearly spherical, subtly increasing in
size; antennomere 10 enlarged, ovoid, slightly
asymmetrical, longer than wide, forming an
abrupt club, apex with constriction (apparent
fusion with antennomere 11), antennomere 10
slightly shorter than 7–9 combined. Antennomeres
2–9 each with a ring of fine setae, setae about as
long as segment; antennomere 10 with intermittent
thin, long setae and short, dense pubescence at
apex. Mouthparts: Labrum with anterior margin
evenly curved, fringed with row of long, thin setae.
Mandible bidentate; maxillary palpi 4-segmented,
terminal palpomere fusiform; galea and lacinia of
normal form; mentum subquadrate, anterior margin
concave medially; labial palpi 3-segmented, termi-
nal palpomere fusiform, widest near base; labial
palpi inserted ventrally. Prothorax: Pronotum trans-
verse, widest at middle (PW = 1.1 mm, PL = 0.7
mm, PL/PW = 0.7), convex (lateral margin on
lower plane). Lateral pronotal margins slightly
explanate, granulose; anterior angles distinct,
angulate, slightly projecting, reaching near basal
margin of eye. Anterior margin evenly arcuate,
depressed/notched/excavated just inside of anterior
angles. Posterior margin evenly arcuate, fringed
with row of short, fine setae, directed posterior-
medially; posterior angles indistinct, acute,
projecting baso-laterally. Pronotal disc convex,
granulose (granules smaller than those on elytra),
covered with subequal round to ovoid granules,
granules distinctly separate from one another, each
bearing a moderately long, thin, erect seta.
Prosternum/hypomeron without excavations form-
ing antennal cavities. Prosternum rugose, with
distinctly separated, irregular granules on the
hypomeron. Anterior margin of prosternum fringed
with row of short, fine setae, directed anteriorly.
Prosternal process nearly parallel-sided, slightly
narrowing anteriorly, slightly expanded near apex,
apex with slight emargination medially; prosternal
process slightly raised; procoxal cavities open exter-
nally, procoxae countersunk, prosternal process
extending ventrad and concealing inner ¼ of proc-
oxae from view. Procoxae round, externally sepa-
rated by greater than width of visible portion of
procoxa, internally separated by less than ½ coxal
diameter. Hypomeral extensions angulate, posterior
margin fringed with row of short, fine setae,
directed posterio-medially. Mesothorax: Scutellum
apparently absent. Mesoventrite: Short, tightly
fitting with metaventrite. Rugose with random pits/
fovea. Apical margin straight to slightly sinuate.
Mesoventral process slightly narrowed apically.
Mesocoxal cavities broadly closed, mesocoxal sep-
aration moderate, about ½ width of coxal diameter
(visible coxa, not accounting for countersunk por-
tion). Elytra: Oval, widest at middle (EL = 1.4 mm,
EW = 1.1 mm, EL/EW = 1.2), narrowing gradually
to rounded apex. Humeral angles not distinct,
rounded, with few granules at outer margin. Ante-
rior margin straight, slightly concave at middle;
lateral margins not explanate. Scutellary striole
absent; With 7 puncture rows becoming confused
around elytral tubercles. Surface with slightly
raised granules/tubercles between punctures (gran-
ules larger than those on pronotum), each granule
bearing a moderately long, thin, erect seta near
elytral puncture. Epipleuron present, weakly defined,
gradually narrows, ending near junction of abdomi-
nal ventrites IV and V. Metaventrite: Short, about
as long as or slightly longer than abdominal ventrite
I; rugose with random pits/fovea. Without obvious
setae. Discrimen absent, area between metacoxae
not impressed. Metacoxae oval, moderately sepa-
rated, separation about ½ of coxal diameter. Meta-
nepisternum apparently fused to metaventrite.
Metacoxal cavities closed. Metendosternite not
examined. Abdomen: Ventrites I–III connate;
ventrite I slightly shorter than II; intercoxal process
nearly parallel-sided, apex broadly rounded.
Abdominal ventrite II slightly longer than other
ventrites; ventrites III–IV subequal in length.
Abdominal ventrite V slightly shorter than III+IV,
rounded at apex, lacking preapical groove, but with
slightly swollen apical border. Ventrites I–II with
large granules, ventrites III with few large granules
near lateral margins; ventrites IV–V lacking gran-
ules. Legs: Trochanters present, visible, trochantero-
femoral attachment strongly oblique. Femora simple,
narrowest near base, expanding at basal ⅓,with
sparse, short setae. Tibiae simple, with slight excava-
tion at distal end on dorsal surface and sparse, short
setae. Tibial apex ringed with short, stout setae.
Tarsomere 1 swollen, elongate-oval, concealing
tarsomere 2, slightly wider than tarsomeres 2 and 3;
tarsomere 2 small, barely visible; tarsomere 3 longer
than 2; setation on ventral surface of tarsomeres 1–3
moderately long (setae about as long as tarsomere
2); tarsomere 4 elongate, slightly longer than 1–
3 combined, slightly expanded apically, setation
sparse; tarsal claws simple. Metathoracic wing: Not
examined, but presumed absent. Aedeagus: Not
examined. Ovipositor: Not examined.
749THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
Distribution. This genus is only known from
the type locality in Peru.
Biology. Nothing is known about the habits of
the only known species in this genus. It is presumed
to be a soil-dwelling species, and therefore likely a
detritovore or fungivore like many other members
of the Synchitini. As this is presumably a flightless
species, it is assumed nearly all specimens will be
taken by litter sifting and Berlese extraction.
Rapthius peruvianus (Franz, 1969),
new combination
(Figs. 19, 21)
Tarphius peruvianus Franz 1969: 144. New
combination.
Description. Rapthius peruvianus is the only
known member of this genus and is diagnosed
and characterized by the features given in the
generic description above. Likely species level
diagnostic features may include the number and
placement of pronotal and elytral tubercles (Fig. 19).
Distribution. Peru (Fig. 21).
Biology. Specimens were collected by sifting
forest litter.
Type Material. 2 specimens. Holotype (carded,
NHMW):Umg. Tarapoto; Peru, lg. Franz /
Tarphius; peruanus; m.; det. H. Franz / [red label,
in Franz’s hand] Typus. Paratype (carded,
NHMW): [tip of genitalia partially extruded, appears
broken] Umg. Tarapoto; Peru,lg. Franz / [light
yellow label, in Franz’s hand] Tarphius; peruanus;
m.; [typed] PARATYPUS.
Comments. Franz (1969) elected to place the
species in an unrelated Old World genus known
primarily from the Canary Islands. This species
does not belong in Tarphius.
Slipinskius Lord and Ivie, new genus
(Figs. 4, 20, 22)
Norix sensu Ślipiński and Lawrence 1997: 403,
figs. 313–320, 472. Not Norix Broun. Misiden-
tification.
Type Species. Tarphius chilensis Franz, 1969.
Etymology. Named in honor of Dr. Adam Ślipiński,
whose work on Zopheridae is unrivalled. Masculine.
Diagnosis. This genus superficially resembles
the North American genus Megataphrus Casey,
1890 and the New Zealand genera Heterargus,
Glenentela Broun, 1893, Chorasus Sharp, 1882,
and some Ablabus.Slipinskius can be distinguished
from the New Zealand genera by the presence of
labial palpi, deep antennal cavities on the pronotal
hypomeron, and lack of dense setae on the gular
region (as found in Glenentela), and from Mega-
taphrus by the more well-developed eyes, shorter
antennal groove, less developed genal “plate”, body
shape, pronotal and elytral tubercles/carinae, shape
of the maxillary palpi, shorter metaventrite, pro-
coxal process, and shape of the abdominal ventrites.
Description. Size small (TL = 2.0 mm), body
convex-oval (TL/EW = 1.7), rounded; light to dark
brown. Dorsal surface granulose, with complex
gibbosities and tubercles; vestiture consisting of
short, hair-like setae. Ventral surface granulose;
vestiture consisting of short, sparse, hair-like
golden setae. Surfaces often encrusted with dirt
and debris, concealing sculpture. Habitus as in
Fig. 20. Head: Subquadrate (HW = 0.4 mm),
broadest at eyes, without temples, head not
abruptly constricted behind eyes, apical margin
arcuate, apico-lateral margins swollen, raised
anteriad eyes (Fig. 4a). Dorsal surface with large,
flat-topped, round to ovoid granules, each bearing
a thin, short seta; granules becoming smaller
towards apex and apico-lateral margin. Eyes small,
round, facets large, about 20 in number, inter-
facetal setae absent. Antennal insertions slightly
concealed from above, nearly exposed. Ventral
surface: antennal groove distinct, short, wide,
extending to about middle of eye. Gena rounded,
not inflexed. Subgenal brace well-developed,
extending anteriorly and merging with antero-
lateral angle of frons. Antennae: Shorter than
total length of head, not extending to slightly
before middle of pronotum. Antennae 11-segmented,
ending in an abrupt, 2-segmented club (Fig. 4d).
Scape asymmetrical, barrel-shaped with narrow,
cylindrical lateral extension near base that inserts
into head capsule; pedicel elongate, truncate api-
cally, with distinct constriction at base, slightly
longer than scape; antennomere 3 narrow basally
and slightly and gradually expanding apically, lon-
ger than 4 but not as long as 4+5; antennomeres 4–
9 short, increasingly shorter and wider; antennomeres
10–11 enlarged, forming an abrupt club; antennomere
10 transverse, slightly asymmetrical, antennomere
11 longer than wide, rounded. Antennomeres 3–9
each with ring of fine setae, setae about as long
as segment; antennomeres 10–11 more densely
setose, with few intermittent thin, long setae and
short, dense pubescence. Mouthparts: Labrum
subquadrate, anterior margin straight, apico-lateral
angles rounded, fringed with few sparse setae.
Mandibles symmetrical, with distinct mola and
membranous prostheca (Fig. 4f); mandibular apex
weakly bidentate, with third, broader subapical
tooth; maxillary palpi 4-segmented, terminal
palpomere fusiform; galea and lacinia of normal
form (Fig. 4c); lacinia with single curved spine
at apex; mentum subquadrate, slightly expanding
apically, anterior margin truncate, bearing 2 long
setae near apico-lateral angles; ligula transverse,
750 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
with central triangularly raised portion in
between palpi insertions, apex fringed with row
of short, sparse setae; labial palpi 3-segmented,
terminal palpomere fusiform, widest near base
(Fig. 4b); labial palpi inserted ventrally. Pro-
thorax: Pronotum transverse, widest at middle
(PW = 1.3 mm, PL = 0.9 mm, PL/PW = 0.7).
Lateral pronotal margins sinuate, slightly explanate,
forming 2 lobe-like expansions, margined with
microtubercles (Fig. 4h), each bearing a small, fine
seta; anterior angles distinct, angulate, projecting,
reaching level of anterior margin. Anterior margin
raised, arcuate to slightly sinuate medially,
depressed/notched/excavated just inside of anterior
angles. Anterior margin with small microtubercles
dorsally and fringe of thin, internally projecting
setae. Posterior margin arcuate, fringed with row
of short, fine setae, directed posterior-medially;
posterior angles distinct, acute, projecting baso-
laterally. Pronotal disc granulate/microtuberculate,
with 3 pairs of raised gibbosities/tubercles; 1 pair
at anterior ⅓, located medially; 2 pairs at middle
of pronotum, located just laterad median, below
anterior pair (forming row of 2 larger and row of
4 smaller tubercles). Surface granulose, covered
with subequal round to ovoid granules, each
bearing a short seta; granules diminishing in size
near margins. Prosternum/hypomeron deeply
excavated to form antennal cavities, excavation
large, broad, continuing for nearly entire length
of lobe-like lateral pronotal expansions. Anterior
margin of prosternum fringed with row of short,
fine setae, directed anteriorly. Prosternal process
nearly parallel-sided, slightly narrowing anteriorly,
slightly expanded near apex, apex subtly trilobate
(with 2 emarginations); prosternal process slightly
raised; procoxal cavities open externally, procoxae
countersunk, prosternal process extending ventrad
and concealing inner ¼ of procoxae from view.
Procoxae round, externally separated by greater
than width of visible portion of procoxa, internally
very narrowly separated. Hypomeral extensions
angulate, posterior margin fringed with row of
short, fine setae, directed posterio-medially.
Mesothorax: Scutellum reduced, transverse, with
baso-lateral expansions that form locking mechanism
with baso-medial angle of elytra. Mesoventrite:
Short, tightly fitting with metaventrite. Apical
margin straight to slightly sinuate. Mesoventral
process slightly narrowed apically, apex strongly
notched medially, articulating with well-developed
“nipple”at apex of metaventral process (Fig. 4i),
forming locking mechanism. Mesocoxal cavities
broadly closed, mesocoxal separation moderate,
about ¾ width of coxal diameter (visible coxa, not
accounting for countersunk portion). Elytra:
Rounded, widest at humeral angle (EL = 1.1 mm,
EW = 1.2 mm, EL/EW = 1.0). Humeral angles well-
developed, projecting laterally. Anterior margin
evenly concave, with fringe of sparse, thin, internally
directed setae; lateral margins not explanate, weakly
granulate. Apices rounded. Base with elongate
tubercles on interstrial interval 3 and series of 10–
13 tubercles on each elytron (counting humeral
angle, basal tubercle, and elytral apex); sutural carina
not diverging antero-laterally, scutellary striole
absent. With 9 puncture rows, difficult to discern
(best observed by viewing ventral elytral surface
in cleared specimens), rows becoming confused
around tubercles. Surface granulose, each granule
bearing a short seta, interspaces between granules
with short setae. Epipleuron present, weakly
defined, gradually narrows, ending before elytral
apex. Metaventrite: Short, about as long as or
slightly longer than abdominal ventrite I; with
paired sinuate grooves directly postero-medially
and bordering mesocoxae posteriorly, also with
paired, slightly sinuate grooves bordering metacoxae
anteriorly (Fig. 4i). With few large granules, each
bearing a small seta, more granulate laterally.
Discrimen absent, area between metacoxae
impressed. Metacoxae transverse, moderately sep-
arated, separation about ⅓of coxal diameter.
Metendosternite as in Fig. 4g. Furca short, wide;
laminae reduced; lateral furcal arms long,
narrowing apically; anterior tendons widely sepa-
rated, arising from short, rounded projections near
mid-length of furcal arms; metafurcal ventral
flange present, not strongly projecting ventrally.
Abdomen: Ventrite I slightly longer than II (but
not longer than II+III, length does not include
intercoxal process) (Fig. 4j). Abdominal ventrite II
shorter than I but slightly longer than III, III–IV
subequal, ventrite V about as long as III+IV, all
ventrites freely articulated, not connate. Intercoxal
process moderately wide, apex truncate. Abdominal
ventrite V rounded at apex, lacking preapical
groove. Ventrites I–II with large granules, each
bearing a short seta, ventrites III–V lacking granules,
but with short setae. Legs: Trochanters present,
visible, trochantero-femoral attachment strongly
oblique (Fig. 4e). Femora simple, with sparse,
short setae. Tibiae simple, curved slightly, external
margin microtuberculate, with sparse, short setae.
Tibial apex ringed with short, stout spines.
Tarsomere 1 longer than 2, about as long as 2+3,
slightly narrowed at base, with longer, denser
setation than remaining tarsomeres; tarsomeres 2–
3 subequal in size; tarsomere 4 elongate, longer than
1–3 combined, slightly expanded apically, setation
sparse; tarsal claws simple. Metathoracic wing:
Absent. Aedeagus: Moderately long, extending
nearly entire length of abdomen in situ; cucujiform,
tegmen lying dorsad medial lobe; anteroventral edge
of segment IX with spiculum gastrale, anterior por-
tion of tegmen curves ventro-medially (Fig. 4l), with
751THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
semi-circular opening anteriorly; phallobase with
long, angulate parameres, parameres individually
articulated to phallobase (Fig. 4k); median lobe
tapered to apex, rests within sheath-like tegmen.
Ovipositor: female terminalia with long, moder-
ately thick spiculum ventrale, clubbed proximally.
Ovipositor elongate (Fig. 4m), with weakly scler-
otized segments. Tergite IX completely divided
into 2 lateral paraprocts. Paraproct with long baculus,
about 1.25X as long as gonocoxite. Tergite X weakly
sclerotized, situated between paraprocts. Proximal
and distal lobes of gonocoxite apparently fused;
proximal lobe with weakly indicated transverse
basal baculi, strongly narrowed distally; with well-
developed, palpiform gonostylus attached apically;
gonostylus with few setae at apex. Female repro-
ductive tract: Vagina membranous; common ovi-
duct flattened, elongate-ovoid and connecting to
vagina apically; spermatheca membranous, sacular,
with spermathecal gland attaching near junction of
spermatheca and vagina; spermathecal gland tubu-
lar, elongate and narrow.
Distribution. This genus has a Southern Hemi-
sphere distribution of Chile and Australia (see
Comments below).
Biology. Given the collection methods (see spe-
cies account), it is likely members of Slipinskius
are generalist fungivores like many other members
of the litter-dwelling Synchitini. As this is a flight-
less species, it is assumed nearly all specimens will
be taken by litter sifting and Berlese extraction.
Comments. Franz described the species Tarphius
chilensis in 1969, electing to place the species in an
Old World genus known primarily from the Canary
Islands. This species is not a member of Tarphius,
and Slipinskius is erected for its placement. It
should be noted that “Norix”sensu Ślipiński and
Lawrence (1997) is based on a misidentification
and does not equal Norix Broun, but refers instead
to undescribed Australian species of Slipinskius.
Slipinskius is easily distinguished from Norix by
the presence of labial palpi.
Slipinskius chilensis (Franz, 1969),
new combination
(Figs. 4, 20, 22)
Tarphius chilensis Franz 1969: 143. New combination.
Diagnosis. Slipinskius chilensis is the only
described member of the genus and is diagnosed
and characterized by the features given in the
generic description. Likely species level diagnostic
features may include the number and placement of
pronotal and elytral tubercles (Fig. 20) and shape
of the male genitalia (Fig. 4k, l).
Distribution. Chile (Fig. 22).
Biology. Specimens were collected by sifting
forest litter and by Berlese extraction of Nothofagus
Blume (Nothofagaceae) and Auracaria Juss.
(Auricariaceae) litter.
Type Material. 11 specimens. Holotype (carded,
NHMW, sex undetermined): Cordillera de la;
Costa b. Mehuin; S. Chile, lg. Franz / [in Franz’s
hand] Tarphius; chilensis; m.; [typed] det. H.
Franz / [red label, in Franz’s hand] Typus. Para-
types (9 carded, NHMW, sexes undetermined):
labels same as Holotype, except label 2 reads:
[light yellow label, in Franz’s hand] Tarphius;
chilensis; m.; [typed] PARATYPUS. Paratype
(carded, NHMW, sexes undetermined): [typed]
Cordillera; Nahelbuta; lg. H. Franz / [light yellow
label, in Franz’s hand] Umg. Angol; Süd-Chile /
[light yellow label, in Franz’s hand] Tarphius;
chilensis; m.; [typed] PARATYPUS.
Additional Material Examined. 38 specimens
(non-types). (1 pointed, KSEM): CHILE: Prov.
Concepción:; Periquillo 1-II-1997; T. Cekalovic
[TC517]; CHIL 1C97 004 / [label with barcode]
SM0734965; KUNHM-ENT. (11 pointed, KSEM):
same data as previous specimen, but barcode
numbers 0734965, 0734970, 0734971, 0734973,
0734974, 0734975, 0734976, 0734978, 0734980,
0734982, 0734983, and 0734984. (1 disarticulated,
in glycerine, KSEM): same data as previous speci-
men, but barcode number 0734972. (1 pointed,
KSEM): CHILE: Prov. Concepción:; Puente Pelun
7-XII-2003; T. Cekalovic [TC752]; CHIL 1C03
038 / [label with barcode] SM0734206; KUNHM-
ENT. (15 pointed, BMNH): S.CHILE:; Chepu,
Chiloé. 42°S.; 4.x.1958.; G.Kuschel. / Brit. Mus.;
1981-329. (2 disarticulated, in glycerine, BMNH):
S.CHILE:; Chepu, Chiloé. 42°S.; 4.x.1958.;
G.Kuschel. / Brit. Mus.; 1981-329. (1 pointed,
MAIC): S.CHILE:; Chepu, Chiloé. 42°S.; 4.x.1958.;
G.Kuschel. / Brit. Mus.; 1981-329 / “Tarphius”;
Megataphrus; chilensis; (Franz); det. M.A. Ivie 1988.
(1 pointed, BMNH): S.CHILE:; Chepu, Chiloé. 42°S.;
9.x.1958.; G.Kuschel. / Brit. Mus.; 1981-329.
(1 pointed, BMNH): S.CHILE:; Chepu, Chiloé. 42°S.;
15.x.1958.; G.Kuschel. / Brit. Mus.; 1981-329.
(2 pointed, NZAC/DSIR): Chepu,; Chiloé I.; 17 Oct
58; G. Kuschel. (2 pointed, AMNH): CHILE, Malleco:
Parque; Nacional Nahuelbuta; 1250 m.,Nov.19,1981;
Platnick & Schuh / concentrated berlese,; mossy
forest floor; litter (Nothofagus,; Auracaria)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank Adam Ślipiński (Canberra,
Australia) for all prior work and assistance within the
Zopheridae. We thank Ian Foley (Helena, MT, USA)
for significant contributions, discussions, manuscript
revisions, and camaraderie. We thank Charles Hart
(Montana State University) and Gavin J. Martin
752 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
(Brigham Young University) for key testing and
reviews of the manuscript. We thank Zack Falin
and Andrew Short (KSEM), Max Barclay and
Roger Booth (BMNH), Harald Schillhammer
(NHMW), Andrew Cline (CDFA), and Robert
Anderson (CMNH) for specimen loans and label
data translations. NPL would like to thank Donna
Ivie for her excellent cooking and hospitality dur-
ing visits to Bozeman, MT.
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753THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 70(4), 2016
