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Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A.), nº 56 (30/06/2015): 79–83. ISSN: 1134-6094
A NEW CAVE-DWELLING SPECIES OF DEUTERAPHORURA ABSOLON, 1901
(COLLEMBOLA: ONYCHIURIDAE) FROM KOREA
Javier I. Arbea1 & Kyung-Hwa Park2
1 c/ Ría de Solía 3, ch. 39, 39610 El Astillero (Cantabria), España — jarbeapo@gmail.com
2 Department of Biology Education, Institute of Fusion Science and Institute of Science Education, Chonbuk National
University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea — pkhsyst@jbnu.ac.kr
Abstract: A new cave-dwelling species of the genus Deuteraphorura Absolon, 1901 is described from Korea. Deuteraphorura
koreana sp. nov. is characterized by its peculiar distribution of dorsal (32/133/33332) and ventral (3/011/2212) pseudocelli,
which makes it possible to separate it from other congeneric species.
Key words: Collembola, Onychiuridae, taxonomy, chaetotaxy, Deuteraphorura koreana sp. nov., Korea.
Una especie cavernícola nueva de Deuteraphorura Absolon, 1901 (Collembola: Onychiuridae) de Corea
Resumen: Se describe una especie cavernícola nueva del género Deuteraphorura Absolon, 1901 de Corea. Deuteraphorura
koreana sp. nov. se caracteriza por la peculiar distribución de pseudocelos dorsales (32/133/33332) y ventrales (3/011/2212),
que permiten distinguirla de otras especies del mismo género.
Palabras clave: Collembola, Onychiuridae, taxonomía, quetotaxia, Deuteraphorura koreana sp. nov., Corea.
Taxonomy/ Taxonomía: Deuteraphorura koreana sp. nov.
Introduction
The genus Deuteraphorura Absolon, 1901 includes 80 spe-
cies in the world (Jordana et al., 2012; Bellinger et al., 1996-
2015; Weiner & Fiera, 2014). The genus is characterized by
the shape of the postantennal organ with numerous compound
vesicles, antennal III sense organ with five papillae and two
ribbed sensory clubs, the presence of the chaeta d0 on head
and chaeta p0 on abdominal tergum IV, the absence of anal
spines, the tibiotarsus with nine chaetae in the distal whorl
and 2+2 chaetae in one row on the furcal area (Weiner, 1996;
Pomorski, 1998).
The Korean fauna of Deuteraphorura consists of one
described species, Deuteraphorura gangjinensis (Lee & Kim,
1995), which was found in soil and seem to be endemic from
Korean springtail fauna. Nine years earlier, Lee & Park
(1986) described several cave specimens from the mid-eastern
part of the Korean Peninsula, and identified them as Onychiu-
rus (Deuteraphorura) izuruensis (Yosii, 1956) from Japan.
But the Japanese species is in fact a member of the genus
Orthonychiurus according to the redescription of Yoshii
(1995, 1996). The revision of the Korean specimens tells us
that they belong to the genus Deuteraphorura rather than
Orthonychiurus, and represent a new species that is described
below.
Materials and Methods
In the description of the new species we used the nomenclatu-
re of morphological features as proposed by Weiner (1996),
Pomorski (1998) and Jordana et al. (1997, 2012). Labial papi-
llae type is named after Fjellberg (1999). Pseudocellar formu-
lae are the number of pseudocelli by half-tergite (dorsally) or
half-sternite (ventrally) as follows: head anterior, head poste-
rior/ Th I, Th II, Th III/Abd I, Abd II, Abd III, Abd IV, Abd
V. Formula of tibiotarsal chaetotaxy: total number of chaetae
(number of chaetae in the distal whorl –A+T–, number of
chaetae in the proximal whorl B, number of basal chaetae).
ABBREVIATIONS: Th—thoracic segment, Abd—abdominal
segment, Ant—antennal segment, AIIIO––sensory organ of
antennal segment III, PAO—postantennal sense organ, pso––
pseudocellus, psp––pseudopore, psx––parapseudocellus,
VT—ventral tube, ma, mm, mp––manubrial rows a, m and p.
MATERIAL DEPOSIT: ICJU––Insect Collection, Department of
Biology Education, Jeonbug National University, Korea.
Species description
Deuteraphorura koreana sp. nov.
= Onychiurus (Deuteraphorura) izuruensis: Lee & Park, 1986 not
Orthonychiurus izuruensis (Yosii, 1956) sensu Yoshii 1995,
1996.
Fig. 1–8, Tables I–III.
TYPE LOCALITY: Sanhodong-gul cave, latitude: 37°26'52.08";
longitude: 128°45'21.97", Yeoryang-ri, Bug-myeon, Jeongse-
on-gun, Gang-weon-do Province, mid-eastern part of the
Korean Peninsula.
TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype: female on slide, 5.IV.1984. Para-
types: one male and two females on slide. Deposited in ICJU
(collection no. 84-7-2).
DESCRIPTION: Body: Holotype (female) length 1.8 mm, para-
types: male length 1.5 mm; females length 1.8–2.1 mm. Sha-
pe of body typical for the genus: cylindrical without anal
spines (Fig 1). Color in alcohol, white. Granulation more or
less uniform, distinct.
80
Fig. 1-2. Deuteraphorura koreana sp. nov. 1. Habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy; 2. Ventral chaetotaxy. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
Antennae shorter than head. Antennal base well mar-
ked. Ant I with 8 chaetae, Ant II with 14 chaetae. AIIIO
with 5 guard chaetae, 5 papillae, 2 smooth sensory rods, 2
curved and ribbed sensory clubs, ventro-lateral microsensi-
llum present (Fig. 6). Ant IV with subapical organite, and
latero-external microsensillum, ca. 0.25 length from the
base; with some blunt macrochaetae and about 20 thin me-
sochaetae like sensilla, not well distinguishable from ordi-
nary chaetae (Fig 5).
Head: PAO with 16 compound vesicles disposed in
two parallel rows. Labral formula of chaetae: 4/142. Maxi-
llary outer lobe with simple palp, basal chaeta and with 2
sublobal hairs (Fig 4). Submentum with 4 + 4 chaetae, baso-
lateral field (mentum) with 5 chaetae. Labial palp of AB
type, with six proximal chaetae; labial papillae A, B, C, D,
E with 1, 4, 0, 3, 3 guard chaetae respectively (Fig 3).
Pseudocellar formula dorsally: 32/133/33332; ventra-
lly: 3/011/2212. Pso arranged as in Fig 1-2. Subcoxae 1 of
I-III legs with 2,2,2 pso. Parapseudocellar formula ventrally
on Abd. I-VI sterna: 0011m00 (m–single posterior psx on
Abd IV). Subcoxae 1 of I-III legs without psx. Pseudopores
formula dorsally on Th I-Abd IV: 011/1111, ventrally:
111/0000.
Chaetotaxy: Distribution of dorsal chaetae as in Figure
1 and Tables I-III, well differentiated into macrochaetae and
mesochaetae; asymmetries are common. Sensory chaetae s
81
Fig. 3-8. Deuteraphorura koreana sp. nov. 3. Labium; 4. Maxillary palp; 5. Ant III-IV dorsal chaetotaxy; 6. Antennal sensory organ
(AIIIO); 7. Furcal rudiment; 8. Tibiotarsal chaetotaxy and claw of leg III. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Table I. Deuteraphorura koreana sp. nov. Head
chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: m, mesochaeta; s, sensilla ; z,
chaeta z; “ –“ denotes: absence of chaeta.
Chaeta
number/serie 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
d m m m m m – –
sd – m m m m M –
sd’ – m m – m M –
v – m m m m – –
ca – – – – – – s
cm – – m m m M –
cb – m – m – M s
cp – m – m – M –
p – m m m z M m
not especially distinct. Head with chaeta d0. Th I with 7-8
+7-8 chaetae. Th II and III with lateral microsensilla. Chae-
ta p0 present on Abd IV and VI.
Ventral chaetotaxy as in Fig. 2. Th Sterna I–III wit-
hout chaetae. VT with 5(4)+5(4) chaetae, and without chae-
tae at base. Furcal area with 2+2 chaeta in one row, three
manubrial rows ma, mm and mp, a-row with 2+2 chaetae –
Table II. Deuteraphorura koreana sp. nov. Dorsal tho-
racic chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: m, mesochaeta; ms,
microsensilla; “–“ denotes: absence of chaeta; “( )” denotes:
chaeta present or absent.
Chaeta
number/serie 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Th I
m – – – M m – –
p M - m M M m M
Th II−III
a m m m M m m M
m – M m M – M M+ms
ca m – – – – – –
cp – m m M (m) m –
p m – M M M m M
lateral ones displaced on the level of dental microchaetae–,
m-row with 2+2, p-row with 2+2 chaetae –external ones as
macrochaetae– (Fig. 7). Male ventral organ absent in the
only specimen known. Anal valves with numerous acumina-
te chaetae; each lateral valve with chaetae a0, 2a1, b0, 2b1,
2b2; upper valve with chaetae a0, 2b1, 2b2.
82
Table III. Deuteraphorura koreana sp. nov. Dorsal ab-
dominal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: m, mesochaeta; M,
macrochaeta; s, sensilla ; “–“ denotes: absence of chaeta;
“( )” denotes: chaeta present or absent.
Chaeta
number/serie 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Abd I-II
a m M (m) (m) (m) M M
m m – – M (m) – M
ca – – – – m – –
p m m S M m M M
Abd III
a m m m M – M M
m m – m M m (m) M
ca – – – – m – –
p m m s M m M M
Abd IV
a m m m – m M M
m m M – M – – M
ca m (m) – M – M –
cm – – – M – M –
cp – – – – m – –
p m m m s M M M M
Abd V
a m – m M m –
m m – m M s M
p M – s – M M
Abd VI
a m M m M
m M – – M
p m M m m –
Legs: Subcoxae 1 of I, II and III legs with 3-4, 4-5, 4-
5 chaetae; tibiotarsi with 18(9 + 7 + 2), 18(9 + 8 + 1), 17(9
+ 7 + 1) chaetae respectively. Chaeta M present in row B.
Claw always without denticle. Empodial appendage setace-
ous, shorter than claw (3/4 of inner edge of the claw), with
broad inner basal lamella (Fig. 8).
ETYMOLOGY: The name refers to Korea, the country of the
type locality.
DISCUSSION. The new species belonging to the Deuterap-
horura-group of species with 1+1 pso on Th I, forms part of
species with 2+2 pso on the posterior part of head and 3+3
pso on Th II-III (Jordana et al, 2012). Main differences bet-
ween D. koreana sp. nov. and these species are summarized
in Table IV. The new species differs from other ones by diffe-
rent formula of the dorsal pso. It is most similar to D. angelie-
ri (Izarra, 1968) and D. jana (Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980)
by a similar formula of the dorsal pso; they differ by the diffe-
rent formula of the ventral pso (Table IV). The new species
has the same formula of ventral pso (3/011/2212) as D. duna-
ria (Gisin, 1956), D. imperfecta (Denis, 1938) and D. insu-
braria (Gisin, 1952), but they differ by the different formula
of dorsal pso. D. koreana sp. nov. is similar to the Korean
species D. gangjinensis (Lee & Kim, 1995) by the formula of
the dorsal pso on Abd I-V; they differ by the different formula
of the dorsal pso on Th I-III and ventral pso (Table IV).
Table IV. Main diagnostic characters of Korean species of Deuteraphorura and related species to D. koreana sp. nov.
Species Dorsal pso Ventral pso Distribution Habitat
gangjinensis (Lee & Kim 1995) 32/022/33332 1/111/0101 South Korea Soil
koreana sp. nov. 32/133/33332 3/011/2212 South Korea Cave
angelieri (Izarra 1968) 32/133/33342 3/011/1212 France Soil
antheuili (Denis 1936) 32/133/33354 2/011/0000 Europe Soil & cave
banatica (Gruia 1965) 32/133/33354 3/0--/3222 Romania Cave
bergamaria (Gisin 1956) 32/133/34454 2/000/2212 Italy Cave
cebennaria (Gisin 1956) 32/133/33354 3/011/3212 Europe Cave& soil
defensaria (Gisin 1964) 32/133/33354 2/011/1212 Italy Cave
dunaria (Gisin 1956) 32/133/33354 3/011/2212 Europe Cave
eduardi (Denis 1937) 32/133/33353 2/000/1212 Italy & France Soil & cave
gemae (Simón et al 1994) 32/133/33353 3/011/3212 Spain Soil
gigoni (Gisin 1962) 32/133/33354 3/011/0111 Europe Cave
haybachae (Gisin 1962) 32/133/33354 3/011/3222 Austria Cave
imperfecta (Denis 1938) 32/133/33354 3/011/2212 Europe Soil & cave
insubraria (Gisin 1952) 32/133/33353 3/011/2212 Europe Soil & cave
jana (Christiansen & Bellinger 1980) 32/133/23332-3 2/000/1101-2 USA & New Mexico Cave?
mangazeya Babenko 2007 32/133/33353 3/011/3212 Russia, Siberia Soil
opa (Christiansen & Bellinger 1980) 32/133/33343-4 2-3/011/0-1112 USA & New Mexico Soil & cave
paro (Christiansen & Bellinger 1980) 32/133/3333-42-3 2/000/2111 USA & Canada Cave & soil
pseudoinsubraria (Dallai 1970) 32/133/33353 3/011/1212 Italy Soil
silvaria (Gisin 1952) 32/133/33353 3/011/3222 Europe Soil & cave
traiani Gruia & Popa 2005 32/133/33343 3/000/0112 Romania Cave
variabilis (Stach 1954) 32/133/33343 2/---/1112 Europe Soil
vercoraria (Gisin 1963) 32/133/33354 3/011/3222 Europe Soil
83
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