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Evaluation of ten tomato cultivars for resistance against tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under feld infestation conditions

DOI:10.1127/entomologia/2016/0350
Authors:
Fariba Sohrabi at Persian Gulf University
Fariba Sohrabi
Hamidreza Nooryazdan at Persian Gulf University
Hamidreza Nooryazdan
Bahman Gharati
Bahman Gharati
Bahman Gharati
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Zarir Saeidi
Zarir Saeidi
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Abstract

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most important pests of tomato in many parts of the world. The objective of this work was to evaluate the damage of T. absoluta on ten tomato cultivars under feld conditions. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications. The evaluated characteristics were lea?et damage, leaf damage and overall plant damage at 20, 40 and 60 days after infestation, and also trichome density on the leaves and stems. In addition, number of mines per leaf, holes on the stem and holes per fruit were assessed at fnal sampling date. Signifcant differences were detected among the cultivars in the variables studied. The cultivars Raha, Quintini and ES9090F1 were classifed as resistant by cluster analysis. In addition, the high density of leaf trichomes in cultivars Raha and Quintini would be possible reasons of resistance to T. absoluta. These cultivars are promising for use in plant breeding programs aim to control T. absoluta. © 2016 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.
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© 2016 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany www.schweizerbart.de
DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2016/0350 0171-8177/16/0350 $ 3.50
Entomologia Generalis, Vol. 36 (2016), Issue 2, 163–175 Article
Published in print October 2016
Evaluation of ten tomato cultivars for resistance
against tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)
(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under eld infestation
conditions
Fariba Sohrabi1*, Hamidreza Nooryazdan1, Bahman Gharati1 and
Zarir Saeidi2
1 Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Persian Gulf University,
Bushehr, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research
Center, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran
* Corresponding author: f.sohrabi1361@gmail.com, fsohrabi@pgu.ac.ir
With 1 gure and 6 tables
Abstract: The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of
the most important pests of tomato in many parts of the world. The objective of this work was
to evaluate the damage of T. absoluta on ten tomato cultivars under eld conditions. A random-
ized complete block design was used with three replications. The evaluated characteristics were
leaet damage, leaf damage and overall plant damage at 20, 40 and 60 days after infestation,
and also trichome density on the leaves and stems. In addition, number of mines per leaf, holes
on the stem and holes per fruit were assessed at nal sampling date. Signicant differences were
detected among the cultivars in the variables studied. The cultivars Raha, Quintini and
ES9090F1 were classied as resistant by cluster analysis. In addition, the high density of leaf
trichomes in cultivars Raha and Quintini would be possible reasons of resistance to T. absoluta.
These cultivars are promising for use in plant breeding programs aim to control T. absoluta.
Keywords: plant breeding; resistance; Solanum lycopersicum; trichome; Tuta absoluta
... Resistance to TLM may be due to antibiotic traits that are constitutively expressed in the uninfested plant, or by physiological responses induced by TLMinfestation (Han et al., 2019). The glandular trichomes of tomato plants not only cause a physical barrier against pest but also produce specific defensive compounds that can provide some resistance to TLM via antibiotic effects on oviposition, larval development, and immature survival (Sohrabi et al., 2016(Sohrabi et al., , 2017. In certain tomato cultivars, TLM infestation can elicit the production and release of herbivore-induced plant volatiles that attract TLM natural enemies such as predatory mirid bugs (De Backer et al., 2015;Naselli et al., 2017). ...
... We counted the density of type VI glandular trichome on the leaf surface of each tomato cultivar (Bergau et al., 2015;Sohrabi et al., 2016Sohrabi et al., , 2017, using five fully expanded leaves cut from the upper third of five tomato plants of each cultivar. The terminal leaflet was separated and its trichomes were counted on each of three one-cm 2 squares on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces using a stereomicroscope (40X). ...
Suitability of Five Tomato Cultivars for Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Resistance Is Associated with a High Density of Glandular Trichomes
Article
  • Jun 2022
The Tomato Leaf Miner (TLM), Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a cosmopolitan tomato pest that has driven a renewed reliance on pesticides in tomato production, negatively affecting biological control of other pests and creating environmental and health hazards. We tested five locally important Iranian tomato cultivars (TD, Karon, Petoprid, Matin, and 8320) for constituitive resistance to TLM by comparing its biological performance and life table parameters under standardized laboratory conditions (27.5±1°C, 65±5% RH, 16 L:8 D hours photoperiod). Survival and developmental rates of immature stages varied significantly among cultivars, as did female fecundity and main parameters of the life table. Karon was most suceptible, affording 90% juvenile TLM survival, the fastest development, and the highest female fecundity, with cultivar 8320 not significantly different in these regards. By contrast, Matin ranked most resistant; i.e. only 59% of larvae survived, and female fecundity was almost halved. TD was the next most resistant, being not significantly different from Matin in these metrics. The intrinsic rates of increase (r), in descending order, were Karon (0.178), 8320 (0.169), TD (0.146), Petoprid (0.138), and Matin (0.111). Matin and TD had the highest densities of glandular trichomes on adaxial leaf surfaces. These findings indicate that the Matin, Petoprid and TD are more resistant than the other cultivars and have potential as one component of an IPM strategy to manage T. absoluta.
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... physical (stump removal, pruning, trapping, physical barriers), biological (predators, parasitoids), semiochemical (mass trapping with light and pheromones, mating disruption), genetic (resistant or tolerant varieties), and agricultural strategies (Chidege et al. 2018, Ferracini et al. 2019, Jallow et al. 2020, Larbat et al. 2016, Ouardi et al. 2012, Sawadogo et al. 2021, Sohrabi et al. 2016, Zarei et al. 2019). However, chemical control with synthetic pesticides remains the most widely used, especially in the newly invaded areas (Han et al. 2019, Sawadogo et al. 2020b). ...
Ovicidal and Larvicidal Effects of Selected Plant-Based Biopesticides on Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Article
Full-text available
The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a worldwide invasive pest of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) that reached West Africa in 2010. Synthetic insecticides remain the most widely used method of control, but several biological alternatives are being developed. In this work, we evaluated nine biopesticides available on the West African market for their ability to control T. absoluta. Using standard leaf or egg dip bioassay methodology, we compared both the ovicidal and the larvicidal activity of these biopesticides at various concentrations of active ingredients. We found that, for each biopesticide tested, the larval lethal concentrations (LC) (8.2–41.14 ml/L) to be lower than those necessary to stop egg hatching (26.7–409.7 ml/L). Two products (Bangr-Kièta [BK]; Bangr-Pougo [BP], formulated in powder), both based on Azadirachta indica A. Jussieu fruit and leaf extracts and Khaya senegalensis (Desrousseaux) A. Jussieu bark extract, showed high efficacy in reducing egg hatchability at their recommended doses, with a calculated control failure likelihood (CFL) reaching 0%. These two products, together with a third one (BP) based on Mitracarpus scaber Zuccarini and K. senegalensis extracts, also showed the strongest larvicidal effects (CFL = 0%). All other tested biological insecticides showed significant efficiency but were found to be less effective at their recommended doses. Because the leafminer has developed resistance to most of the synthetic insecticide available on the market, we recommend that West African tomato producers are encouraged to use the most efficient biological products available.
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... Trichomes are a common morphological defence against pests; in particular, type IV glandular trichomes have been associ-ated with resistance against different invertebrates (Mata-Nicolás et al. 2021). The development of resistant tomato cultivars by transferring resistance factors could be beneficial in pest management programmes against T. absoluta (Sohrabi et al. 2016). ...
Population parameters of the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on wild tomato species
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2022
In this study, the effects of five wild tomato species (Solanum chilense, Solanum corneliomulleri, Solanum neorickii, Solanum huaylesense and Solanum pennellii) on the life table parameters of Tuta absoluta were determined for the first time, and the larval development time, lifespan, pupal period, fecundity, and female/male longevity were also estimated. According to the data obtained from the study, S. chilense was determined as the most suitable species for the development of T. absoluta. Among the wild tomato species, S. corneliomulleri and S. neorickii were determined as the most effective hosts against T. absoluta in terms of the intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate, mean generation time, gross reproduction rate, population doubling time, and finite rate of increase than the other species. These two species were also effective against the pest on the egg, larval development, total longevity, and fecundity. According to these results, S. corneliomulleri and S. neorickii are viable candidates for the development of new resistant tomato genotypes to T. absoluta.
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... Commercial tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are highly susceptible to T. absoluta but recent screenings on tomato populations have led to identify moderately resistant cultivars [10][11][12][13]. Some resistance traits have, however, been identified in wild tomato relatives. ...
Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses Reveal High Induction of the Phenolamide Pathway in Tomato Plants Attacked by the Leafminer Tuta absoluta
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2022
Tomato plants are attacked by a variety of herbivore pests and among them, the leafminer Tuta absoluta, which is currently a major threat to global tomato production. Although the commercial tomato is susceptible to T. absoluta attacks, a better understanding of the defensive plant responses to this pest will help in defining plant resistance traits and broaden the range of agronomic levers that can be used for an effective integrated pest management strategy over the crop cycle. In this study, we developed an integrative approach combining untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to characterize the local and systemic metabolic responses of young tomato plants to T. absoluta larvae herbivory. From metabolomic analyses, the tomato response appeared to be both local and systemic, with a local response in infested leaves being much more intense than in other parts of the plant. The main response was a massive accumulation of phenolamides with great structural diversity, including rare derivatives composed of spermine and dihydrocinnamic acids. The accumulation of this family of specialized metabolites was supported by transcriptomic data, which showed induction of both phenylpropanoid and polyamine precursor pathways. Moreover, our transcriptomic data identified two genes strongly induced by T. absoluta herbivory, that we functionally characterized as putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl transferases. They catalyze the biosynthesis of several phenolamides, among which is caffeoylputrescine. Overall, this study provided new mechanistic clues of the tomato/T. absoluta interaction.
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... Compared with a susceptible reference strain, chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide (diamide) resistance were 2414-fold and 1742-fold higher, respectively, in Italian T. absoluta populations [19]. Therefore, novel, efficacious control strategies against T. absoluta are urgently needed [22][23][24]. ...
Chromatin-Remodelling ATPases ISWI and BRM Are Essential for Reproduction in the Destructive Pest Tuta absoluta
Article
Full-text available
The tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) is one of the top 20 plant pests worldwide. We cloned and identified the chromatin-remodelling ATPase genes ISWI and BRM by RACE and bioinformatic analysis, respectively; used RT-qPCR to examine their expression patterns during different life cycle stages; and elucidated their roles in insect reproduction using double-stranded RNA injections. The full-length cDNA of TaISWI was 3428 bp and it encoded a 1025-aa polypeptide. The partial-length cDNA of TaBRM was 3457 bp and it encoded a 1030-aa polypeptide. TaISWI and TaBRM were upregulated at the egg stage. Injection of TaISWI or TaBRM dsRNA at the late pupa stage significantly inhibited adult ovary development and reduced fecundity, hatchability, and longevity in the adult females. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to perform molecular characterisations of two chromatin-remodelling ATPase genes and clarify their roles in T. absoluta fecundity. Chromatin-remodelling ATPases are potential RNAi targets for the control of T. absoluta and other insect pests. The present study was also the first to demonstrate the feasibility of reproductive inhibitory RNAi as a putative approach for the suppression of T. absoluta and other Lepidopteran insect populations.
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... However, many other studies showed differences among the tested cultivars ( Table 2). Susceptible tomato cultivars tested under laboratory or field conditions were characterized by a high number of mined (with or without larvae) leaves, stems or fruits, as well as a better suitability for egg-laying (Oliveira et al., 2009;Cherif et al., 2013;Khederi et al., 2014;Darbain et al., 2016;Sohrabi et al., 2016a;Sohrabi et al., 2016b;Allache et al., 2017;Ghaderi et al., 2017). Tomato cultivar 'Bravo' is commonly classified as one of the most susceptible cultivars, and was shown to be a better host plant than cultivar 'Tex 317': the latter led to a longer development time and a lower emergence rate (Silva et al., 2015). ...
Cinq années d’invasion : Impact de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) sur la production de tomate au Burkina Faso
Article
  • Dec 2020
Impact of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) on tomato production in Burkina Faso. Tuta absoluta is a leafminer native to South America and listed in Burkina Faso since 2016. Its larvae dig galleries in the leaves and fruits of the tomato. Through detailed surveys of 180 growers, we have assessed the impact of this pest on tomato production. The growers produce tomatoes on areas of less than ½ hectare. All of them have demonstrated their knowledge of T. absoluta and can describe its symptoms. On average, producers estimate that this leafminer causes yield losses of between 45 and 70%, resulting in financial losses of 1 to 2 million CFA francs per hectare. Almost 80% of producers use only plant protection products, of which only 42% are approved for tomatoes. Fifteen active substances are used, including emamectin benzoate, acetamiprid and cypermethrin. The resistance of the populations is such that many producers abandon plots because of uncontrollable infestation. Alternative methods are sometimes used: destruction of infested plants, crop rotation, weeding and biopesticides. This work is necessary to develop effective, accessible control methods that respect the environment and the health of producers.
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... Therefore, environmentally friendly management tactics using arthropod natural enemies, resistant tomato varieties, biopesticides, matingdisruption dispensers, and manipulation of fertilization inputs have been promoted Zappalà et al. 2013;Han et al. 2014;Jaworski et al. 2015;Biondi et al. 2016;Campolo et al. 2017;Salas Gervassio et al. 2019;Campos et al. 2020;Sanchez et al. 2021). However, effective biocontrol arthropods and tomato varieties resistant to T. absoluta (Sohrabi et al. 2016) are not yet commercially available in China (Han et al. 2018). In their absence, pheromone-based techniques are considered promising tools for the monitoring and management of T. absoluta (Caparros Megido et al. 2013;Cocco et al. 2013;Aksoy & Kovanci 2016). ...
Polygyny of Tuta absoluta may affect sex pheromone-based control techniques
Article
Full-text available
The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), has recently invaded Yili region in Xinjiang, China. In this region, sex pheromone-based control techniques are considered promising compo-nents of integrated pest management programs. However, the potential parthenogenesis and polygyny of T. absoluta may affect the effectiveness of these techniques. In the first part of this study, the parthenogenetic reproduction potential of females collected from Yili was assessed. Consistent with French and Tunisian populations, these females were also able to reproduce parthenogenetically. However, the Yili population had a much lower capacity to produce viable offspring in F1. Next, the effects of a biased T. absoluta sex ratio on offspring density, and tomato plant damage and growth were evaluated. With the exception of the combination 4F+0M (F: female adult; M: male adult), tomato plants infested by 4F+1M, 4F+2M, 4F+3M, and 4F+4M yielded similar quantities of offspring (larvae + pupae) in F1, which indiscriminately affected plant damage and growth. Overall, compared with parthenogenetic reproduction, polygyny in the Yili population of T. absoluta is likely to undermine the effectiveness of sex pheromone-based control techniques in this region. Therefore, growers should be cautious about relying on sex pheromone-based management techniques.
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Life table analyses for the Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): effects of plant genotype
Article
  • Jan 2023
Background: Host plant resistance plays an important role in Integrated Pest Management programs. Crop resistance assessments commonly focus on only single dependent variable, such as larval survival/plant damage, which limits the ability to appreciate the impact of host plants on pest populations in a full sense. Therefore, we performed life table analyses for tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta, on nineteen Solanum lycopersicum genotypes and a wild Solanum habrochaites accession. These analyses assess the ability of pest to attain high population density on different tomato genotypes. Based on the resulted ranking of tomato resistance at vegetative-stage (45 days old plants), we tested the resistance of six selected genotypes at reproductive-stage (4 months old plants). Results: T. absoluta performance was significantly inferior on vegetative-stage of S. habrochaites plants (LA-1777); time taken for the 1st instars to mine the leaves (5±0.14 days), developmental time of early and late stage larvae (8.8±0.2 and 4.2±0.2 days, respectively), pupal period (11.2±0.58 days), and total developmental time (29.4±0.83 days) were significantly longer, and fecundity was significantly lower (18.66±7.24 days), and also recorded highest total mortality (63.33%) as compared to other genotypes resulting in lowest net reproductive rate (R0 ) (11.20±2.51). For the six selected genotypes, the ranking of plant resistance did not change between plants at vegetative and reproductive-stages. Conclusion: This study suggested that out of 20 screened tomato genotypes, LA-1777 and EC-620343 are the least suitable hosts for T. absoluta to establish fast-growing populations, and thus can be employed in integrated T. absoluta management. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Life table parameters of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on four wild tomato species
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2022
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an important tomato pest that also feeds on other plants in the Solanaceae. The effects of four wild tomato species (Solanum arcanum Peralta, Solanum habrochaites S.Knapp & D.M.Spooner, Solanum peruvianum L., Solanum pimpinellifolium L.) and two accession of Solanum lycopersicum L. (LA0292 and cv. 112-432) on the life table parameters of T. absoluta were determined. Larval development time, lifespan, pupal period, fecundity, and longevity were also estimated. The study was conducted in Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Agriculture Faculty, Plant Protection Department, Isparta, Türkiye in 2020-2021. Solanum lycopersicum was the most suitable species for the development of T. absoluta. Among the wild tomato species, S. pimpinellifolium for intrinsic rate of increase, S. arcanum, and S. pimpinellifolium for net reproductive rate, S. habrochaites and S. pimpinellifolium for mean generation time and doubling time, S. pimpinellifolium and S. arcanum for finite rate of increase were higher than the others. Although the results showed significant differences between the tested wild tomato species, S. pimpinellifolium and S. arcanum were the most effective wild hosts.
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Bazı Domates Çeşitlerinin Milas (Muğla) Tarla Koşullarında Tuta absoluta'nın Ergin Öncesi Popülasyon Yoğunluklarına Etkileri 1 Effects of Some Tomato Cultivars on Population Densities of Immature Stages of Tuta absoluta in Milas (Muğla) Field Conditions
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2021
Z Bu çalışmada, Milas (Muğla)'da tarla koşullarında yetiştiriciliği yapılan Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. 5656 (VO-506), BT-236, BT-Tokat F1 çeşitleri ile geleneksel Pembe domates çeşidinin Domates yaprak galeri güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)'nın ergin öncesi dönemlerinin popülasyon yoğunluklarına etkileri araştırılmıştır. T. absoluta bulaşıklık oranları 2014 yılı üretim sezonunda bildirilen çeşit sırasına göre %17.62, 19.21, 23.02 ve 13.18 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Bu değerler 2015 yılı üretim sezonunda ise aynı çeşit sırasına bağlı olarak %6.39, 4.28, 7.39 ve 4.28 olmuştur. Çalışmada kullanılan domates çeşitlerinde belirlenen vuruk meyve oranları 2014 yılı üretim sezonu için Pembe, BT-Tokat, 5656 ve BT-236 çeşitlerinde sırasıyla %14.52, 22.65, 25.40 ve 31.99; 2015 yılı üretim sezonunda ise %5.30, 16.83, 10.24 ve 16.67 olarak saptanmıştır. Her iki yıl için de tüm sonuçlar bir arada değerlendirildiğinde T. absoluta'ya karşın en dayanıklı çeşit Pembe olurken bunu 2014 yılı üretim sezonunda 5656, BT-236, BT-Tokat; 2015 yılı üretim sezonunda ise BT-236, 5656, BT-Tokat çeşitleri izlemiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Tuta absoluta, popülasyon, Domates çeşitleri, Muğla. ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of field grown Solanum lycopersicum L. cvs. 5656 (VO-506), BT-236, BT-Tokat F1 and local tomato cv. Pembe were investigated on population densities of Tomato leaf gall moth Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) immature stages in Milas (Muğla). T. absoluta infection rates were determined to be 17.62, 19.21, 23.02 and 13.18%, based on the cv. order given above during the 2014 tomato-growing season. During the 2015 growing season, these values were 6.39, 4.28, 7.39 and 4.28%, depending on the same order of cvs. The damaged fruit ratios for the cvs. used in the study were 14.52, 22.65, 25.40 and 31.99% for Pembe, BT-Tokat, 5656 and BT-236 in 2014, and 5.30, 16.83, 10.24 and 16.67% in 2015 growing seasons, respectively. When all the results for both years were evaluated together, Pink was the most tolerant cv. against T. absoluta which was followed by 5656, BT-236 and BT-Tokat in 2014 and BT-236, 5656 and BT-Tokat cvs. in 2015 growing season.
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Trichomes and hydrocarbons associated with the tomato plant antixenosis to the leafminer
Article
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O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a densidade de tricomas e os hidrocarbonetos associados à resistência por antixenose de 42 subamostras de tomateiro do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH-UFV) a Liriomyza trifolii. Essas subamostras foram estudadas e a cultivar 'Santa Clara' que foi utilizada como padrão de suscetibilidade a insetos minadores. As características avaliadas foram os números de folíolos minados/planta, minas/planta, densidade de tricomas e compostos químicos presentes nas folhas. Detectaram-se diferenças entre as subamostras nas variáveis avaliadas. Foram identificados 20 picos nos cromatogramas dos extratos hexânicos das folhas das subamostras testadas. As subamostras HGBs - 216, 813, 985, 987, 991, 992, 993, 1532, 1989, 1991, 2048, 2055, 2064, 2068, 2073, 2075, 2089, 2096 e 2097 foram selecionadas como fontes de resistência a L. trifolii. O mecanismo de resistência associado dessas subamostras foi a antixenose. Além disso, a baixa densidade de tricomas e compostos químicos presentes nas subamostras avaliadas podem ser as possíveis causas da resistência à praga.
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Híbridos pré-comerciais resistentes a Tuta absoluta obtidos de linhagem de tomateiro rica em acilaçúcares
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O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial agronômico de híbridos de tomateiro a partir da linhagem TOM-687, rica em acilaçúcares e de resistência comprovada a pragas. O experimento foi instalado na HortiAgro, município de Ijaci, MG. Foi constituído de 30 genótipos (5 híbridos comerciais, 1 linhagem pré-comercial (TOM-687), e 24 híbridos nos quais TOM-687 foi utilizada como um dos pais), os quais foram conduzidos em tutoramento com haste dupla, no espaçamento de 1,30 x 0,50 m, totalizando 15.385 plantas por hectare. Foram realizadas nove colheitas, entre as datas de 01/11/08 a 28/11/08. Foram avaliadas as características de massa média por fruto (g fruto-1) e produção por hectare (t ha-1). Os 24 híbridos que tiveram TOM-687 como um dos pais apresentaram potencial produtivo similar ao das testemunhas comerciais Débora Max, Bravo, Bônus, Kombat e Atyna. Dos 24 híbridos experimentais, quatro (TEX-298, TEX-310, TEX-315 e TEX-316) foram avaliados quanto à resistência à traça-do-tomateiro (Tuta absoluta) e mostraram-se mais resistentes do que as testemunhas comerciais.
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First report of Tuta absoluta resistance to diamide insecticides
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2015
The tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an invasive pest of tomato crops that is rapidly expanding around the world. It is considered a devastating pest and its control heavily relies on application of insecticides. Diamides are a novel class of insecticides acting on insect ryanodine receptors and are highly effective against lepidopteran pests. To date, chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide have been registered in the market and they have been extensively used to manage T. absoluta. In this study, a survey was conducted in Greece and Italy monitoring diamide resistance. The populations originating from Sicily (Italy) exhibited LC50s that ranged between 47.6–435 for chlorantraniliprole and 993–1.376 for flubendiamide, while for Crete (Greece) LC50s ranged between 0.14–2.45 for chlorantraniliprole and 1.7–8.4 for flubendiamide (LC50s in mg L−1). Comparing this result to the susceptible reference strain, high resistance levels for the Italian populations were detected, i.e., up to 2,414- and 1,742-fold for chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide, respectively. Resistance ratios for Greek populations were found up to 14-fold for chlorantraniliprole and 11-fold for flubendiamide, suggesting that diamide resistance is low but increasing considering monitoring data over time. Hereby, we report for the first time, cases of resistance development to diamide insecticides in T. absoluta. These findings underline the importance of committing to the resistance management strategies for diamide insecticides.
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Spinosyn resistance in the tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2014
Spinosad has been used to control Tuta absoluta in Brazil for more than a decade but will eventually be replaced by spinetoram despite the risk of cross-resistance. Therefore, the susceptibility to both molecules and the activity of detoxification enzymes were determined for eight representative populations of T. absoluta to assess resistance and the risk of cross-resistance. The LC50 values for spinosad varied from 0.007 (Pelotas) to 0.626 mg/L (Sumaré); the LC50 values for spinetoram varied from 0.047 (Pelotas) to 0.308 mg/L (Sumaré). The LC99 values for spinosad varied from 0.23 (Pelotas) to 11.56 mg/L (Venda Nova do Imigrante); the LC99 values for spinetoram varied from 0.55 (Pelotas) to 6.71 mg/L (Iraquara). The resistance levels ranged from 1.0- to 93.8-fold (RR50) and 1.0- to 51.5-fold (RR99) for spinosad and from 1.0- to 6.5-fold (RR50) and 1.0- to 12.1-fold (RR99) for spinetoram. The concentration-mortality responses to spinetoram were more homogeneous than those to spinosad. A strong correlation between the susceptibilities of T. absoluta populations to spinosad and spinetoram was observed, showing the similarity of the mode of action of both molecules and producing cross-resistance between them. The β-esterase activity of T. absoluta populations was correlated with spinosyn susceptibility, suggesting a potential contribution of the enzyme to evolved spinosyn resistance. The evolution of resistance to spinosyns in T. absoluta observed in this study suggests that strategies to mitigate resistance must be carefully implemented over the short term and that rotation with other products is encouraged.
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Evaluating the damage of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on some cultivars of tomato under greenhouse condition
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Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is the major pest of tomato plant. Since using relatively resistant cultivars may reduce the number of sprayings as well as postpone the development of the resistance to pesticides, the present study focused on evaluating the damage of T. absoluta on eleven 45-day-old tomato cultivars under greenhouse condition. Larval mines on the leaves as well as the terminal bud damage were considered. Damaged leaves, active mines and damaged terminal buds were significantly different among the cultivars. Cluster analysis using SPSS software resulted in grouping the cultivars into four categories as relatively resistant, partially resistant, partially susceptible and susceptible. The host plant’s growing characteristics (height and leaflet number) were assessed and likewise the weight of the resulted pupae. Differences in vulnerability of the cultivars showed that tomato cultivars possess resistant traits and the identification and utilisation of these traits can give rise to resistant varieties.
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Role of 2-tridecanone and type VI glandular trichome on tomato resistance to Tuta absoluta
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The secondary metabolite 2-tridecanone, secreted by the type VI glandular trichomes present in the leaves of Lycopersicon hirsutum L., make it resistant to a great variety of insects, including the tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick). The 2-tridecanone concentration, the type VI glandular trichome densities and the pinworm infestation degree were evaluated on the Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. susceptible cultivar 'Uco Plata', on the Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum resistant accession PI 134417 and on their F1 and F2. The mean infestation degree with pinworm larvae was significantlyhigher in 'Uco Plata' than in PI 134417. The 2-tridecanone concentration was significantly higher in the resistant parent, but the presence of this metabolite could only partially account for the resistance (R2 = 8.17%). No significant differences were detected in the type VI glandular trichomes densities between the susceptible and resistant parents. This trait was independent of the 2-tridecanone level and the pinworm infestation degree.
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