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El Target Value Design: Un enfoque de la gestión Lean para generar valor

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El Target Value Design (TVD) es un enfoque de la gestión Lean que consiste en identificar lo que genera valor para el cliente y orientar los objetivos de equipos integrados a diseñar un producto según los requerimientos del cliente y las limitaciones del proyecto (costo, plazo, etc.). Este enfoque surge entre los años 2005 y 2007 en Estados Unidos para aplicarse a proyectos de construcción de hospitales y centros educativos. Los componentes principales del TVD son cinco (Macomber, Howell y Barbeiro 2007):  Target Costing  Estructura de trabajo definida  Colaboración  Set Based Design  Co-locación Al ser el TVD un enfoque de gestión reciente, la teoría respecto al tema se encuentra en desarrollo y está poco formalizada. Uno de los objetivos de la tesis es realizar una revisión bilbiográfica de lo escrito hasta la fecha en torno al tema, organizarla y presentarla. El TVD es un enfoque de gestión un tanto amplia, que altera la organización, sistema operativo y términos comerciales del proyecto y los llena de métodos lean de trabajo. Por esa razón, la presente tesis abarca también los temas relacionados a la organización del proyecto, el sistema operativo y los términos comerciales que sirven como medio para que el TVD pueda realizarse y alcanzar el valor objetivo del proyecto, en relación a los proyectos realizados de forma tradicional. Algunos de los temas descritos son esenciales para la implementación del TVD. Otros no son esenciales, pero permiten potenciar la herramienta y lograr mejores resultados. Finalmente, para consolidar la teoría expuesta, se muestra un registro de la aplicación del TVD a un proyecto hospitalario en Estados Unidos y los resultados obtenidos. Además, se presentan lineamientos que faciliten la aplicación del TVD a un contexto no familiarizado con el Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), como el peruano.
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A slightly earlier version of this paper appeared as Appendix A in Eynon, John 2013 The Design Manager's Handbook (CIOB Wiley-Blackwell) pp165-190. A shorter version appeared in the CIOB's Construction Research and Information magazine in 2011. Abstract Purpose: To review the state-of-the-art of Lean Project Delivery (LPD), to show the relationship between LPD and integrated design and delivery and to propose further stages of development, research and practice. Method: Description and analysis of action research & learning in current practice. Findings: In the context of Lean Project Delivery with Target Value Design (TVD) projects are completed below market cost—so far as much as 19% below and expected cost falls as design and construction progresses. Limitations: this work is based on a limited number of linked cases in the US over the last 10 years. We suggest the ideas are applicable far more widely. Implications: there is still more development and research required to develop effective leadership models for integrated design and delivery, create whole of life Target Value Design, to create significant bodies of evidence to guide the design of many building types and to further develop the Lean Project Delivery System. Value for practitioners: initial indications are that the methods described work together to deliver significant benefits for owners/clients/end-users and create a more satisfying experience for most designers and constructors.
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