Nomenclatural adjustments in African plants 2

Abstract

Background: Ongoing systematic studies in the African flora necessitate periodic nomenclatural adjustments and corrections.
Objectives: To effect requisite nomenclatural changes.
Method: Relevant literature was surveyed and type material located and examined.
Results: Nomenclatural corrections are published in Mairia Nees (Asteraceae) and Psilosiphon Welw. ex Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, nom illeg. (Iridaceae).
Conclusions: Cineraria purpurata L. (1771) (Asteraceae) is recognised as the earliest name for Mairia hirsuta DC. (1836) and the new combination M. purpurata (L.) J.C.Manning is provided for the species. Psilosiphon Welw. ex Goldblatt & J.C.Manning (2015) (Iridaceae) is a later homonym for Psilosiphon Entwisle (1989). The replacement name Afrosolen Goldblatt & J.C.Manning is proposed and the necessary new combinations for the 16 taxa currently recognised in the genus are provided.

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Bothalia - African Biodiversity & Conservaon
ISSN: (Online) 2311-9284, (Print) 0006-8241
Page 1 of 5 Nomenclatural Changes
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Authors:
Peter Goldbla1, 3
John C. Manning2, 3
Aliaons:
1B.A. Kruko Curator of
African Botany, Missouri
Botanical Garden,
United States
2Compton Herbarium,
South African Naonal
Biodiversity Instute,
South Africa
3Research Centre for Plant
Growth and Development,
University of KwaZulu-Natal,
South Africa
Corresponding author:
John Manning,
j.manning@sanbi.org.za
Dates:
Published: 02 Dec. 2016
How to cite this arcle:
Goldbla , P. & Manning, J.,
2016, ‘Nomenclatural
adjustments in African plants
2’, Bothalia 46(1), a2024.
hp://dx.doi.org/10.4102/
abc.v46i1.2024
Copyright:
© 2016. The Authors.
Licensee: AOSIS. This work
is licensed under the
Creave Commons
Aribuon License.
1. Cineraria purpurata L. is an earlier name for Mairia
hirsuta DC. (Asteraceae: Astereae)
Author: John C. Manning
Dates:
Received: 10 Aug. 2016
Accepted: 09 Sept. 2016
Introducon
The identity of Cineraria purpurata L. (1771) has remained uncertain until now. It was described by
Linnaeus from one of over 200 specimens of Cape plants sent to him by the Governor at the Cape,
Rijk Tulbagh (1699–1771), appointed to the post in 1751. Tulbagh had an abiding interest in natural
history, and letters in the Cape Archives attest that he regularly sent staff members of the
Company’s garden into the interior ‘ter opsoeking en versameling van Planten, gewassen,
kruidjen en Insecten’ [‘to search for and collect plants, crops, herbs and insects’] (Glenn &
Germishuizen 2010). Although relatively detailed for the time, the description provided by
Linnaeus (1771) was certainly not enough to identify the species on its own, and the name was
subsequently included by De Candolle (1836) amongst the 11 species of Cineraria that were
inadequately known to him. The name then disappeared from the botanical literature, and it is
not cited by Harvey (1865) in his treatment of the family for the Flora capensis. It reappears as one
of the species excluded from Cineraria L. by Cron et al. (2006) in their revision of the genus, where
they lectotypify it against Tulbagh 44 in the Linnean Herbarium (LINN) but without further
comment as to its identity. Although now linked to a specimen, the application of the name
remained uncertain (Jarvis 2007) until we examined the type and recognised it as the species
currently known as Mairia hirsuta DC.
The description of C. purpurata L. is relatively complete, including the habit [herbaceous with
simple, sulcate stems] and foliage, with details of the leaf shape, margins and vestiture [alternate
and basally congested, petiolate and obovate with revolute and subserrate or serrulate margins, the
blade pubescent above and tomentose beneath], and comparative size [as large as those of
Chrysanthemum leucanthum], the nature and approximate size of the inflorescence [pedunculate
with a solitary head as large as that in Amellus] and the involucre [phyllaries free, subequal and
pubescent], the colour of the rays [purple], and the observation that the pappus bristles are plumose
(Figure 1). The combination of herbaceous habit, moderately large capitula with purple rays, and
Background: Ongoing systematic studies in the African flora necessitate periodic nomenclatural
adjustments and corrections.
Objectives: To effect requisite nomenclatural changes.
Method: Relevant literature was surveyed and type material located and examined.
Results: Nomenclatural corrections are published in Mairia Nees (Asteraceae) and Psilosiphon
Welw. ex Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, nom illeg. (Iridaceae).
Conclusions: Cineraria purpurata L. (1771) (Asteraceae) is recognised as the earliest name for
Mairia hirsuta DC. (1836) and the new combination M. purpurata (L.) J.C.Manning is provided
for the species. Psilosiphon Welw. ex Goldblatt & J.C.Manning (2015) (Iridaceae) is a later
homonym for Psilosiphon Entwisle (1989). The replacement name Afrosolen Goldblatt &
J.C.Manning is proposed and the necessary new combinations for the 16 taxa currently
recognised in the genus are provided.
Nomenclatural adjustments in
African plants 2
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Page 2 of 5 Nomenclatural Changes
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plumose pappus bristles is diagnostic of the genus Mairia
Nees amongst southern African Asteraceae, and this
identification is confirmed by examination of the lectotype
(Figure 2). This small genus of six species endemic to the Cape
Floristic Region of southern Africa is defined by its geophytic,
scapose habit with mostly broad, leathery leaves, female-
fertile ray florets with white or pink to purple limb, and ribbed
cypselas with a biseriate pappus, the outer series of reduced
barbellate or plumose bristles and the inner of plumose
bristles (Herman & Zinnecker-Wiegand 2016).
FIGURE 1: Lectotype of Cineraria purpurata L. South Africa, ‘Cap. B. spei.’, Tulbagh 44, Herb. Linn. No. 1000.26 (LINN).

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The recent publication of a detailed revision of the genus
Mairia by Herman and Zinnecker-Wiegand (2016) enables us
to identify C. purpurata as conspecific with M. hirsuta. This
Langeberg endemic is unique in the genus in having the
alternately inserted leaves rather more loosely aggregated
towards the base of the stem than in the other species, in
which they are strictly rosulate. The margins are revolute
and regularly crenate or crenate-serrate, and the blades are
elliptic to obovate, and glabrous to loosely lanate above and
densely or more sparsely lanate beneath. As the earlier
name C. purpurata takes priority over M. hirsuta (McNeil et al.
2012:Art. 11.3), we provide the necessary new combination
and synonymy below.
The date and collector of Tulbagh’s C. purpurata remain
unknown. Tulbagh sent a major expedition from Cape Town
to the Eastern Cape in 1752, during which plants were collected
by Hendrik Beenke of Celle, overseer of the Company’s
‘Schuur’ [barn], and which would have passed along the
foothills of the Langeberg, where the species is endemic.
Alternatively, and in our opinion more likely, the species was
collected by Johann Auge (1711–1805) on a more strictly
botanical expedition. Auge was promoted to superintendent
of the Company’s Garden by Tulbagh, and given ample
opportunity to visit distant parts of the colony in search of
plants. His selection by the Swedish botanist Carl Thunberg
(1743–1828) as guide on the latter’s journey to the Eastern
Cape in 1772–1773 presupposes Auge’s familiarity with the
route, indicating that he had travelled it before then, on
which occasion/s he too would have had opportunity of
collecting C. purpurata on the Langeberg. By this time
Auge had accumulated a significant herbarium, part of which
was purchased in 1764 and formed the basis of Bergius’s
Descriptiones plantarum ex Capite Bonae Spei (1767). At least
some of these species were also described by Linnaeus in his
Mantissa plantarum (1767).
Taxonomic treatment
Mairia purpurata (L.) J.C.Manning, comb. nov. Cineraria
purpurata L., Mant. Pl. altera: 285 (1771). Type: South Africa,
‘Cap. B. spei.’, Tulbagh 44, Herb. Linn. No. 1000.26 [LINN,
lecto.-image!, designated by Cron et al. (2006:529)].
Mairia hirsuta DC., Prodr. 5: 217 (1836), syn. nov. Zyrphelis
hirsuta (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. pl. 1: 374 (1891). Type:
South Africa, Western Cape, ‘Zwellendam, am Berge bei
Puspasvlei, Voormansbosch, Duivelsbosch und am Fuss
Keureboomrivier, Oct., Ecklon & Zeyher 3071 (G-DC, holo.-
image!; K-image!, M, P-image!, NBG!, PRE!, S, SAM!, iso.).
Acknowledgements
Paul Herman confirmed the identification of Cineraria
purpurata and suggested valuable corrections to the
manuscript.
Compeng interests
The author declares that he has no financial or personal
relationships which may have inappropriately influenced
him in writing this article.
2. Afrosolen Goldbla & J.C.Manning,
a new name for Psilosiphon Welw.
ex Goldbla & J.C.Manning
(Iridaceae), with new combinaons
Authors: Peter Goldblatt and John C. Manning
Dates:
Received: 19 Oct. 2015
Accepted: 29 Jan. 2016
Introducon
The name Psilosiphon Entwisle (1989), published for a genus
of algae in the family Lemaneaceae (now Batrachospermaceae)
predates Psilosiphon Welw. ex Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
(2015), established for 15 species of tropical and southern
Africa Iridaceae that were segregated from Lapeirousia Pourr
(Goldblatt & Manning 2015). Although Psilosiphon Welw. was
cited in synonymy under Lapeirousia by J.G. Baker (1878), it
was validated only by Goldblatt & Manning (2015) and is
thus an illegitimate homonym. We propose the new name
Afrosolen for this genus of Iridaceae subfamily Crocoideae.
The generic name reflects the tubular perianth of this
widespread African genus (Greek solen = pipe).
New combinations are provided for the species recognized
by Goldblatt & Manning (2015).
Taxonomic treatment
Note: Heterotypic synonyms are not included below but are
presented in full by Goldblatt (1990) and Goldblatt &
Manning (2015).
Afrosolen Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, nom. nov. pro Psilosiphon
Welw. ex Goldblatt & J.C.Manning in Strelitzia 35: 108 (2015),
nom. illeg. [non Psilosiphon Entwisle (1989)]. Type: P. sandersonii
(Baker) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning.
A. abyssinicus (R.Br. ex A.Rich.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning,
comb. nov. Geissorhiza abyssinica R.Br. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl.
Abyss. 2: 308 (1850). Lapeirousia abyssinica (R.Br. ex A.Rich.)
Baker in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 155 (1877). Psilosiphon abyssinicus
FIGURE 2: Protologue of Cineraria purpurata L., Manssa plantarum altera: 285
(1771).

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(R.Br. ex A.Rich.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning in Strelitzia 35:
137 (2015). Type. Ethiopia, ‘Maigoigoi ad Dobre Sina’, Quartin
Dillon & Petit s.n. (P, lecto.! designated by Goldblatt: 459
(1990); P!; BR!, isolecto.).
A. avasmontanus (Dinter) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, comb.
nov. Lapeirousia avasmontana Dinter in Repert. Spec. Nov.
Regni. Veg. 29: 256 (1931). Psilosiphon avasmontanus (Dinter)
Goldblatt & J.C.Manning in Strelitzia 35: 114 (2015). Type:
Namibia, Lichtenstein, Auas Mts., 20 Feb. 1923, Dinter 4454
(B, holo.!; GH!, S!, Z! (3 sheets), iso., K!, photo of specimen
at B]).
A. bainesii (Baker) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, comb. nov.
Lapeirousia bainesii Baker in J. Bot. 14: 338 (1876). Psilosiphon
bainesii (Baker) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning in Strelitzia 35: 130
(2015). Type: Botswana, Kobe Pan [as ‘inter Koobie et N Shaw
valley’], Baines s.n. (K, lecto.!, effectively designated by
N.E.Brown on specimen).
A. coeruleus (Schinz) Goldblatt & Manning, comb. nov.
Lapeirousia coerulea Schinz in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov.
Brandenburg 31: 212–213 (1890). Psilosiphon coeruleus (Schinz)
Goldblatt & Manning in Strelitzia 35: 121 (2015). Type:
Namibia, (Upingtonia), Ombale, südost Ondonga, Mar. 1886,
Schinz 13 (K, lecto.!, designated by Goldblatt: 445 (1990);
COI!, isolecto.).
A. erongoensis (Goldblatt & J.C.Manning) Goldblatt &
Manning, comb nov. Psilosiphon erongoensis Goldblatt &
J.C.Manning in Strelitzia 35: 119 (2015). Type: Namibia, 2115
(Karibib): Erongo Mtns, western edge of the Erongo Mtns
above Farm Ameib, (–DA), 27 Mar. 1976, Craven & Craven 115
(WIND, holo.!; PRE!, iso.).
A. erythranthus (Klotzsch ex Klatt) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning,
comb. nov. Ovieda erythrantha Klotzsch ex Klatt in Peters,
Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6 (Bot., 2): 516, t. 58 (1864).
Lapeirousia erythrantha (Klotzsch ex Klatt) Baker in J. Linn.
Soc., Bot. 16: 155 (1877). Psilosiphon erythranthus (Klotzsch ex
Klatt) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning in Strelitzia 35: 123 (2015).
Type: Mozambique, Boror, Caboceira, Peters s.n. (B, holo.!).
A. gracilis (Vaupel) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, comb. nov.
Lapeirousia gracilis Vaupel in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 548 (1912).
Psilosiphon gracilis (Vaupel) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning in
Strelitzia 35: 117 (2015). Type: Namibia, ‘Great Namaqualand,
Doorns’, dolomite, 1 450 m, Mar. 1907, Range 292 (B, holo.—
(K, photo!; M (fragment)!, iso.)
A. masukuensis (Vaupel & Schltr.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning,
comb. nov. Lapeirousia masukuensis Vaupel & Schltr. in Vaupel
in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 543 (1912). Psilosiphon masukuensis
(Vaupel & Schltr.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning in Strelitzia 35:
126 (2015). Type: Mozambique, Inhambane: Masuku forest
[Insilva Maseku], 10 Feb. 1898, Schlechter 12109 (B!, holo.; BR!,
COI!, G, K!, P!, PRE!, SAM!, iso.).
A. otaviensis (R.C.Foster) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, comb.
nov. Lapeirousia otaviensis R.C.Foster in Contrib. Gray Herb.
127: 45 (1939). Psilosiphon otaviensis (R.C.Foster) Goldblatt &
J.C.Manning in Strelitzia 35: 128 (2015). Type: Namibia, Farm
Auros near Otavi, 11 Feb. 1925, Dinter 5577 (GH, holo.; B!, G,
PRE!, SAM!, Z(3 sheets)!, iso.).
A. rivularis (Wanntorp) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, comb. nov.
Lapeirousia rivularis Wanntorp in Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 65:
53 (1971). Psilosiphon rivularis (Wanntorp) Goldblatt &
J.C.Manning in Strelitzia 35: 119 (2015). Type: Namibia,
Karibib, Ameib Ranch, ± 25 km NE of Usakos, granite kopje
[koppie] south of track, ± 5 km east of farmhouse, 15 Apr.
1968, Wanntorp & Wanntorp 907 (S, holo.!; M!, iso.).
A. sandersonii (Baker) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, comb. nov.
Lapeirousia sandersonii Baker, Handb. Irid.: 169 (1892).
Psilosiphon sandersonii (Baker) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning in
Strelitzia 35: 109 (2015). Type: South Africa, ‘Transvaal’,
Sanderson s.n. [K, lecto.! designated by Goldblatt: 463 (1990)].
A. sandersonii subsp. limpopoensis (Goldblatt &
J.C.Manning) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, comb. nov. Psilosiphon
sandersonii subsp. limpopoensis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning in
Strelitzia 35: 114 (2015). Type. South Africa, Limpopo,
Waterberg, between Groothoek and Vaalwater, 1 000 m, 6 Jan.
1959, Werdermann & Oberdieck 1640 (PRE, holo.!; B!, BR!, GH!,
K!, MO!, WAG!, iso.).
A. schimperi (Aschers. & Klatt) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning,
comb. nov. Tritonia schimperi Aschers. & Klatt in Klatt in
Linnaea 34: 697 (1866). Acidanthera unicolor Hochst. ex Baker
in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 160 (1877), nom. illeg. superfl. pro
Tritonia schimperi Aschers. & Klatt. Lapeirousia schimperi
(Aschers. & Klatt) Milne-Redh. in Kew Bull. 1934: 307 (1934).
Acidanthera schimperi (Aschers. & Klatt) R.C.Foster in Contrib.
Gray Herb. 114: 42 (1936). Psilosiphon schimperi (Aschers. &
Klatt) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning in Strelitzia 35: 133 (2015).
Type: Ethiopia. Tigray: woods and thickets near Goelleb on
the river Tacazze, 4000 ft [1 220 m], Schimper 2304 (B lecto.!
designated by Goldblatt: 472 [1990] B!, G!, K!, P!, isolecto.).
A. setifolius (Harms) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, comb. nov.
Lapeirousia setifolia Harms in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 278
(1901). Lapeirousia erythrantha var. setifolia (Harms) Geerinck
et al. in Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 105: 337 (1972). Psilosiphon
setifolius (Harms) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning in Strelitzia 35:
137 (2015). Type: Tanzania, Eastern Livingstone Mts, Ubena,
Tsausingewe district, 2 100 m, March 1899, Goetze 812
(B, holo.!; BR!, E!, iso.).
A. teretifolius (Geerinck et al.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning,
comb. nov. Lapeirousia erythrantha var. teretifolia Geerinck
et al. in Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 105: 342 (1972). Lapeirousia
teretifolia (Geerinck et al.) Goldblatt in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard.
77: 457 (1990). Psilosiphon teretifolius (Geerinck et al.)
Goldblatt & J.C.Manning in Strelitzia 35: 137 (2015). Type:
Zaire, Shaba, Plateau de la Manika, env. 2 km W de Katema,

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20 Jan. 1969, Lisowski, Malaisse & Symoens 182 (LSHI, holo.,
BR!, BRVU, K!, POZG, iso.).
A. zambesiacus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, comb. nov.
Lapeirousia zambeziaca Goldblatt in S. Afr. J. Bot. 57: 226 (1991),
nom. nov. pro L. angolensis Goldblatt in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard.
77: 458 (1990), nom. illeg. [non L. angolensis (Baker) R.C.Foster
(1899)]. Type: Angola, Moxico, a few miles west of R. Kaperu
[Kapelu], boggy grassland, 10 Jan. 1938, Milne-Redhead 4037
(K, holo.!; BM!, BR!, LISC!, P!, PRE!, iso.).
Acknowledgements
We thank David Mabberley for his advice and help with
selection of a new name for Psilosiphon.
Compeng interests
The authors declare that they have no financial or personal
relationships which may have inappropriately influenced
them in writing this article.
Authors’ contribuons
Both authors, P.G. and J.C.M., collaborated on all aspects of
the work.
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