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Restraints of language and culture of Sindh: An historical perspective
Abstract
Sindh possesses specific and individual distinct identify formed out of its centuries old history, culture and language. The history, politics, culture language and education have been those distinct features of this identity. But as a province in Pakistan, these distinct features of Sindhi identity are losing grounds in the province resulting in the identity crises faced by the people. Elucidating the language and culture of Sindhi people, this paper explores the richness and distinctiveness of Sindhi society. In addition to identifying various strands of distinct sindhi character present in its history and politics, culture and civilization, language and art as well in the education system of Sindh, the existing factors responsible for suppression of this regional identity are critically reviewed and analyzed.
... Sindh is one of the four provinces (alongside Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and the Punjab) of Pakistan that has its own distinct identity, culture, language, traditions, arts, and literature (Shahriar and Bughio 2014). Throughout its long history, Sindh has maintained its distinct language and culture, in contrast to the languages and cultures of its surrounding regions (Shahriar and Bughio 2014). ...
... Sindh is one of the four provinces (alongside Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and the Punjab) of Pakistan that has its own distinct identity, culture, language, traditions, arts, and literature (Shahriar and Bughio 2014). Throughout its long history, Sindh has maintained its distinct language and culture, in contrast to the languages and cultures of its surrounding regions (Shahriar and Bughio 2014). Peace, hospitality, and humanity are the cultural components that make Sindhis more welcoming and tolerant of different faiths and identities (Junejo 2018). ...
Due to COVID-19 and the repeated imposition of lockdowns in Pakistan's Sindh province, the life of senior citizens has become challenging. Given the scarcity of health care policies targeted at Sindh's aged persons, the use of folk literature as therapy has increased to support against isolation , depression, and distress caused by COVID-19 and lockdowns. Although research on healthy ageing from medical and health care perspectives has been increasingly conducted in different contexts , there is a need to explore how folk literature can contribute to psychological, spiritual, and social wellbeing. Therefore, this research, conducted by collecting data from 15 aged participants through interviews and conversations, seeks to explore how senior Sindhis have used folk literature such as poetry, proverbs, and tales as therapy for their healing. Findings show that the participants' use of Sindhi folk literature contributes to their psychological (eudemonic, evaluative, and hedonic) wellbeing, spiritual healing, and social satisfaction.
... Islam, God, and Muslim are oft-repeated words, especially in those in the Urdu language. There is a political reason attached to this (Rahman, 2002;Shahriar, Baloch, & Bughio, 2014). Urdu originated in a present day North India. ...
This chapter analyses the contextual representation of national heroes in books of English and Urdu languages for higher secondary school students in Pakistan. Political leaders during partition of India and military personnel killed during wars with India form its content. The master narrative behind the portrayal of these heroes, in all cases except one, emphasizes patriotism. The only text titled Sir Syed Ahmed khan, which is uniquely different, was not specifically written for the school textbook, but is taken from an already published compilation of essays by a famous Urdu humorist. Life stories and ideas of the national heroes are focused at indoctrination through language and emotions. The texts on war heroes are presented as more emotive than those on partition heroes. The difference in tone and style can be observed among texts in two languages.
Textbook is not as it being to read out but too instill values, ethics and standards of society specified within the educational modules. Essentially, the educational programs of Pakistani educational programs are largely constructed on the celebration of history which is instructed in several subjects like, Islamiat, Social Studies, Pakistan Studies, history and languages. Such textbooks are being utilized as an instrument to proliferate and propagate national heroes whereas speaking to stories of Pakistani national figures. These top class personalities (heroes) carry certain covered up and expecting philosophies and ideologies. The point of this investigation is to investigate the aiming and covering up the belief systems carried by Narratives of Pakistani National Heroes in English Language Textbooks at Higher Secondary level in Sindh, Pakistan endorsed by Sindh Textbook Board. Besides this, paper also examines the distinctive features such as identity, ideology, theme, author’s objectivity and construction of certain ideas which are hidden behind the representation of national heroes. They promote the ideologies of Islam, nationalism, fundamental division of the Muslims and Hindus, patriotism and anti-India that can make young learners nationalist, religious and militaristic. These themes and ideologies can cause exploitation and manipulation of religious, misrepresentation of reality, misinterpretation of different facts, strengthening of various practices and so on. For this research study, the qualitative method was applied. TA (textual analysis) was the method which is applied in such types of research works. We applied Foucault Social Constructive Model as a systematic model to explore the intended and unknown ideologies that have been propagated and promoted by the Pakistani national heroes.
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