The Natural and Cultural Resources for Ecotourism Development in Trenggalek Regency, East Java

Abstract

Ecotourism is all of the activities that is responsible for maintaining the conservation and environmental education. This activities also involves the local communities to get some benefit. This research's aim are to determine some potentials objects and attractions for supporting ecotourism development program in Trenggalek Regency, East java. Field survey was conducted at Trenggalek Regency following several steps including preliminary study, field surveys, and interviews to several informants. Data obtained from interviews with several informants as well as from direct observations were analyzed by using descriptive analysis techniques. The results show that Trenggalek Regency have some potential resources for supporting ecotourism i.e. Geghog rice, Ayam Lodho, Alen-alen, Kripik Tempe, Tiban ceremony, Lowo Cave, Prigi Beach, Bamboo Handy Craft, Larung Sembonyo ceremony, Nyadran Ceremony, Clove plantation, and Cengkrong Beach. Each of those mentioned potential resources have different characteristics that can become supporting unit for ecotourism development.

Keywords: community development, conservation, natural resources, sustainable tourism

Full text

J.Ind. Tour. Dev. Std., Vol.3, No.2, April, 2015
E-ISSN : 2338-1647
http://jitode.ub.ac.id
Journal of Indonesian Tourism and
Development Studies
[45]
The Natural and Cultural Resources for Ecotourism Development in Trenggalek Regency,
East Java
Zulfaidha Zulia*, Bagyo Yanuwiadi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Abstract
Ecotourism is all of the activities that is responsible for maintaining the conservation and environmental education. This
activities also involves the local communities to get some benefit. This research's aim are to determine some potentials
objects and attractions for supporting ecotourism development program in Trenggalek Regency, East java. Field survey
was conducted at Trenggalek Regency following several steps including preliminary study, field surveys, and interviews
to several informants. Data obtained from interviews with several informants as well as from direct observations were
analyzed by using descriptive analysis techniques. The results show that Trenggalek Regency have some potential
resources for supporting ecotourism i.e. Geghog rice, Ayam Lodho, Alen-alen, Kripik Tempe, Tiban ceremony, Lowo
Cave, Prigi Beach, Bamboo Handy Craft, Larung Sembonyo ceremony, Nyadran Ceremony, Clove plantation, and
Cengkrong Beach. Each of those mentioned potential resources have different characteristics that c an become
supporting unit for ecotourism development.
Keywords: community development, conservation, natural resources, sustainable tourism
INTRODUCTION
Tourism sector is one of the economic
development machines for developing countries.
It is especially important in Indonesia. In 2020
Indonesia was predicted to be visited by more
tourists [1]. In the last few years, Indonesian
government started to introduce and promotes
ecotourism, which is expected as an effort to
protect nature and its resources from
environmental damage [2].
Ecotourism is tourist activity that is
responsible for maintaining environment,
promoting environmental education and
promoting local communities to obtain benefits
[3]. As continuous activities for ecotourism
development, each tourism sector in Indonesian
regions must be directed to ecotourism.
Trenggalek is a district located in the southern
part of Province in East Java. The geologies
condition was surrounded by mountains and
abutted on southern coast causing Trenggalek
rich in biodiversity and landscapes that could
potentially become a tourist attraction. Potential
tourism of Trenggalek divided into four aspects,
namely the landscape, typical food, attraction
and ceremonies. Overall potential tourism in
Trenggalek may be appointed as a tourist
attraction that is became the object of
ecotourism. Therefore, the aim of this study is
 Correspondence address:
Zulfaidha Zulia
Email : zulfaidhazulia22@gmail.com
Address : Dept. of Biology, University of Brawijaya
JL. Veteran Malang, 65145
identifying the potential tourism of Trenggalek
which can be used as the object of ecotourism.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Site
This study was conducted from October 2014
until January 2015 in several districts, i.e District
of Trenggalek, District of Watulimo, District of
Panggul, District of Pogalan, and District of
Gandusari. Trenggalek Regency was cotermi-
noused with Tulungagung regency and Ponorogo
regency in the north, in the east was with
Tulungagung, in the south was with Indonesian
Ocean, and in the west was with Ponorogo and
Pacitan (Fig.1).
Figure 1. Trenggalek map [4]
Data Collection
Data was collected through several steps,
namely preliminary study, field observation,

J.Ind. Tour. Dev. Std., Vol.3, No.2, April, 2015
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Ecotourism Development in Trenggalek Regency, East Java (Zulia & Yanuwiadi)
interview and documentation. Preliminary study
was conducted to get comprehensive picture of
the study area and to get permission for related
insitutution. Field observation was done by
visiting interested object for tourism developmet.
Determination of informan was done by using
certain criteria for appropriate competence.
Semi-structure interviews was conducted to
identify the meaning of attraction and informant
perspection about the natural and cultural
resources for attraction development. Data
obtained from interviews with several informan
as well as from direct observations were
documented and analyzed using descriptive
analysis techniques [5].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Principally, Trenggalek regency is rich in term
of cultural and natural attraction for ecotourism
development. The interesting and important
resources were described bellow.
1. Geghog Rice
Geghog Rice is one of the specialities foods
from Trenggalek (Fig. 2). Geghog rice was
available in the District of Bendungan. In the last
years, Geghog rice was often carried by farmers
as a provision in the fields. At last, Geghog rice
was created icon from District of Bendungan.
Geghog rice is very simple which is consists of
rice and anchovy sauce. The sauce was added to
make rice tasted very spicy. The materials of the
sauce used chili, anchovies, garlic, onions, and
tomatoes. Pepper and anchovies were the most
important basic ingredient in this culinary.
Capsicum frutescens L is the main chili which was
used in the sauce. The communities were planted
Capsicum frutescens L. in around their yard or
field for supplied this plant. So, if the price of chili
increased, the communities had stock of chili
from their yard or field.
Figure 2. Geghog rice
Most villagers in the District of Bendungan
had realized the importance of chili plants in
their lives. Beside as materials for food Geghog
Rice, chili was also used for other cooking spices
and ingredients in traditional medicines.
Capsicum frutescens L. was contained nutrients
includes fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and
calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, and B1, B2,
C, and alkaloid compounds [6]. Capsicum
frutescens L. was one of the ground cover plants
that can be represented a wide variety of insects
and stabilized the food chain so that it can also
be recommended as refugia plants [7].
Anchovy was different compare to Capsicum
frutescens L. because anchovy can not supplied
directly from the District of Bendungan. The
topology areas of Bendungan were mountainous
area. Thus, the fish was supplied from other
district. This can be described as an act of
conservation, because it provided opportunities
for communities in other areas to increased
production of the anchovy and automatically the
communities will conduct the conservation of the
anchovy habitat.
2. Tiban Ceremony
Tiban was known as tradition to invite rain.
For some people of Trenggalek Tiban tradition
were believed to make the rain in the dry season.
This tradition began when children fighting a
pitch for water as a stock during the dry season.
The childrens was played hardball by used the
whip and unexpectedly in the middle of fight rain
drops. Tiban performer consists of two people
doing whip between each other (Fig. 3). Tiban
attraction was headed by "Landang". He was
responsible for the operations of the Tiban
attraction. Whip in Tiban attraction was made
from palm sticks and tied with a rope. The rope
was used from the slice of bamboo. The palm
stick (Arenga pinnata) was widely available in the
District of Pogalan.
However, the presences of palm plants were
decreased in Pogalan and very difficult to find it.
Nowadays the existence of palm plants were
greatly influenced by the people activities that
used for sale. In terms benefits of economic,
palm plants ranging from physical parts (roots,
stems, leaves, fibers, etc.) and their products
(juice, starch and fruit) can be used for daily
needs [8]. Beside that palm were gived economic
benefits, palm useful as a protective soil from
erosion, especially in the cliffs of the river as well
as the elements of production [9]. Tiban
attractions can be used as a supporting
ecotourism, if the requirements of all support
materials for Tiban attractions can be conserved,
especially palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.). Thus,

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there needs to be an effort from both the
government and people for doing conservation
of the palm plant. Palm plant conservation can
be doing by choosing the selection logging of old
plants and replanting again.
Figure 3. Tiban and sectional palm trees; a) Tiban
attraction, b) whip from the stick of palm, c) the
section of palm tree, d) the section of palm tree
leaf.
3. Bamboo Craft
Bamboo craft is one of the commodities from
Trenggalek. Bamboo craft was widely available in
the District of Pogalan. Most of the people were
worked as bamboo crafts. Bamboo crafts made
by people in the district of Pogalan include
braids, steamer, and baskets (Fig. 4). The type of
bamboo for some handicraft must an old
bamboo rod.
Figure 4. Many kinds of bamboo craft
The people of Pogalan not only got the
benefit from bamboo plants into crafts, but also
bamboo can make atmosphere becomes shady
or dim. Beside that, people mostly used of young
bamboo for vegetable. Bamboo plant has a root
rhizomes (rhizon) are segmented that allow rain
water can absorb up to 90% compared to other
crops. If more increased population of bamboo
plants, then water volume in under ground will
be increase too. Automatically, the water
supplies also increase in the region. Besides that
bamboo plant also served to conserve land, as
well as the improvement of the environment
[10).
4. Kripik Tempe
Kripik Tempe is one of the specialty foods
from Trenggalek. Kripik Tempe is very famous for
the delicacy and the crunchy (Fig. 5). Kripik
Tempe was made from Tempe with flour, garlic,
coriander, and lime leaves. Kripik Tempe had only
two flavors include original flavor and lime leaves
flavor. Kripik Tempe from Trenggalek was made
from specifically of Tempe for kripik Tempe. Soya
Tempe for kripik Tempe was thinner.
Figure 5. Kripik Tempe
Kripik Tempe can be used as a supporting
ecotourism when it was processing through
organic processing. Soybeans organic can be
cultivated by means of organic farming. Organic
farming will be providing benefits including the
cost are not too much, the price for organic
agricultural products is much higher than
conventional farming, as well as improving soil
fertility in the long term [11]. Thus, agricultural
land in the region of Trenggalek can be
maintained sustainably when agricultural system
was transferred into the organic farming system.
5. Ayam Lodho
Ayam lodho was made from chicken with
coconut milk and spicy flavor. Ayam lodho
usually served with savory rice and vegetables
(Fig. 6). The chickens must be used Javanese
chicken. Javanese chickens are chickens that
were allowed to eat and live freely in the yard or
the field.
Figure 6. Ayam lodho with urap-urap

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The Javanese Chicken in maintenance that
will be fed in the morning. The Javanese chicken
will be released into the yard or moor at noon, in
order to the Javanese chicken to feed
themselves. Liberation diets that applied in
Javanese chicken get the nutrients naturally. In
the yard or moor, chicken can take all kinds of
plants and animals for example, chicken can eat
the flowers on the grass, young leaves of grass
and small animals ranging from worms to various
types of insects.
Ayam lodho can be used as a supporting of
ecotourism if the chicken must be used Javanese
chicken. If Ayam lodho was appointed as an icon
of Trenggalek, then the need for the Javanese
chicken will be increased. The yard or fields will
be a lot left to over grow ground cover plants.
Automatically the land will be protected from
erosion caused by water. Ground cover plants
from grasses can serve to slow runoff, as
protector of the land surface caused by the
destruction of the power of rainwater, enriched
organic materials, encourage the development of
soil biota that can improve soil physical and
chemical properties, and increase soil porosity
[12].
6. Alen-Alen
Alen-alen is other of the typical food from
Trenggalek. Alen-alen used as a snacks food
because has a small shape, like ring, fried and
savory taste (Fig. 7). Characteristic of alen-alen
have a yellow color. Alen-alen was made from
cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Varian sense
of alen-alen include onion flavor, cheese,
chocolate, sweet and spicy flavor.
Figure 7. Alen-alen
The process of making starch cassava
(Manihot esculenta Crantz) was started from
milling. Results of milling are starch that has been
mixed with water. Waste milling results called
gamblong and was separated for fodder duck.
Then strach was dried in order to evaporate the
water content and remaining flour. Cassavas
were supplied from outside the area Trenggalek
because the area Trenggalek not able to supplied
cassava in large quantity. In fact, Trenggalek
basically able to supplied cassava. It is evident
that in 2012 Trenggalek had become one of the
largest producers of the commodity cassava in
East Java.
Alen-alen can be used as a support
ecotourism when the farmers of cassava got
knowledge to grow crops (M. esculenta Crantz)
following traditional practices. This will have a
positive impact for farmers that can increase
revenue. Besides that, the other benefits can
utilize the land continuously without timeless.
Planting of cassava (M. esculenta Crantz) can be
done by Multiple cropping, intercropping, and
(Sequential cropping) [13].
7. Lowo Cave
Lowo Cave is a natural tourist destination
located in the Watulimo Trenggalek (Fig. 8). Lowo
Cave is the largest cave, the longest and most
beautiful in Asia. The length of Lowo Cave
reaches 859 m and consists of 9 rooms. Lowo
cave was discovered in 1931 by Mbah Lomedjo.
He was curioused about the animal prey may
disappear. In his search, Mbah Lomedjo found a
cave and not accidentally mentioned Goa Lowo,
so the name of the cave is used until now [14].
Figure 8. Lowo Cave area; a) The entrance Lowo Cave, b)
Stalactite and stalagmite, c) inlet sunlight, d)
Bats in the ceiling of the cave.
Lowo Cave; Lowo means bat; thus many bats
found in the cave. Species of bats found in the
Lowo cave had a small size and black color.
Reviewed from the small size, bats lived in Lowo
cave are insectivorous bats (Microchiroptera).
The existence of bats is very beneficial for the
community and the environment. For people, the
bats are produce manure that can be used as
fertilizer. The manure was called guano fertilizer.
In addition to produce manure, which serves as a
fertilizer, Microchiroptera is the type of
insectivorous bats that can serve as natural
enemies and effectively to control pests of

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agricultural crops [15]. In order to sustaian Lowo
cave, the bat population conservation was
needed.
8. Prigi Beach
Prigi beach is one of the natural tourist areas
on the south coast. Prigi beach was located in the
Tasikmadu village, District of Watulimo. Prigi
Beach location was approximately 48 km from
the centre of Trenggalek. Prigi beach had an area
approximately 5 ha with a length approximately 2
km. Prigi beach was located on the Prigi bay.
Waves of Prigi beach relative smaller than south
area. It is because the waves on the Prigi beach
had been blocked by hills which are on either
side of the beach.
Prigi beach is well known as the largest
producer of fishery, in which more than 90% of
fisheries productions were exported outside
Trenggalek [16]. This makes Prigi Beach as a place
of landing the largest fish on the south coast
after Cilacap. Species of fish had economically
valuable include tuna, sword fish, lemuru and
cakalang (Fig. 9).
Figure 9. Prigi Beach area; a) Prigi Beach, b) Type of fish
catches
Fish resources are renewable resources
(resources that can be recovered). However, its
must be balanced with good management,
because if not managed carefully it will have an
impact on fisheries resources and the
environment. Management of fisheries resources
must be accordance with the principles of
sustainable development. Therefore, it must be
balanced with attention to the integrity of the
marine ecosystem as a whole marine life. Marine
ecosystem must be maintained including coral
reefs and mangroves, in order to the fishery
resources can be continued [17].
9. Traditional ceremony Larung Sembonyo
Prigi beach is not only famous for the fisheries
sector, but is known for a place to perform
traditional ceremonies Larung Sembonyo (Fig.
10). Larung Sembonyo was implemented with
sweeping away offerings and agricultural
products into the sea as agratitude to God in
hope got blessed, safety, and obtained abundant
sea and land. Larung Sembonyo was held in the
Selo month (Java calendar), Sunday kliwon.
Larung Sembonyo Ceremony was performed by
farmers and fishermen.
Figure 10. Larung Sembonyo ceremony
The culmination of the Larung Sembonyo
ceremony was swept away the couple small doll
with a sitting position on the boat. A small doll
was made of banana stems and pinned three
colors flowers include of ylang flower, jasmine
flower and lecari flower. Other offering was used
"Cuk badek bakal tetes" which means everything
that was consumed by humans. Among them are
crops, Banana, chicken eggs, sugar, tobacco,
coconut, and medicinal plants.
Larung Sembonyo ceremony can be used to
support ecotourism. This is associated with all
equipment must be presented if the ceremony
was done. The crops plant must be presented in
Larung Sembonyo ceremony. In order to always
able to meet the needs of crops, the community
needs to pay attention to the arrangement of
land. Land arrangement can be done with the
cropping systems, overlapping shifts, and hall
way system. The advantages of the land
arrangement can reduce the risk of crop failure,
because the plants one to the other can be
complementary [18].
10. Cengkrong Beach
Sub district of Watulimo is a region with many
charming beachs, e.g. Cengkrong Beach which
rarely visited by people. Cengkrong beach is an
area of beautiful mangrove forests (Fig. 11).
Mangrove forests in Cengkrong Beach had
approximately 10 species of mangrove, i.e. R.
apiculata, Sonnaretia alba, Bruguiera
gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal CBRob., Xylocarpus
granatum, Avicennia sp., Aegiceras corniculatum,
Lumnitzera sp., Derris sp., and R. mucronata.
Mangrove forests in the Cengkrong region not
only was presented a fresh green expanse of
forest, but tourists were who visited can enjoy
various types of shore birds and wild animal, i.e.
monkeys, small crocodiles, as well as the

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cultivation of certain biota aquatic. Mangrove
forests in area of Cengkrong Beach had provided
many benefits to the community around the
Cengkrong coast region, especially economic
field. The public economy will be increased
because the people were used by several types
of mangrove plants as food, beverages, building
materials oranything that can be sold. One of
them is “bogem"; the fruit of mangrove plant
were used by communities for raw materials
syrups, jams and soaps. Some other types can be
used as raw material for textiles and
pharmaceuticals.
Figure 11. Cengkrong Beach area
In terms of function, mangrove forests have
three functions, i.e physical function, biological
function, and economical function. Physical
functions that maintain the condition of the
beach in order to stable remain, protecting
coastal cliffs, and as a green belt to prevent
coastal erosion caused by the sea water.
Mangrove biological function, include as a
nursery habitats of fish seed, shrimp, and crabs,
as a diverse source and non biota aquatic, and
the source of plasma cum. Mangrove economic
function is as a source of fuel, building materials,
medicines, food and beverage, and textile raw
materials [19]. To sustain mangrove forest in
Cengkrong beach, we must take care
environmental around Cengkrong beach and
used the land for aquacultureis permitted only
about 20% of the total mangrove forest area.
11. Nyadran
Nyadran ceremony is one tradition that was
carried by the people in Ngantru Village,
Trenggalek. Nyadran from the word Sadra
meaning grave pilgrimage. Nyadran ceremony in
Ngantru was tradition to visited grave of Minak
Sopal, the first Regent of Trenggalek who
contributed in building Bagong Dam. Nyadran
tradition was held on Friday Pon, Selo month
(Javanese calendar), housed in Bagong Dam.
Nyadran Ceremony procession include
tadarusan, bathing buffaloes, Wayang Kulit,
slaughtering buffalo, tahlil, ruwatan, Jaranan,
throwing buffalo head in Bagong Dam, and
salvation event. The event was conducted over
several days before Friday Pon. Top part of
Nyadran ceremony was swept away buffalo head
in Bagong Dam (Fig. 12).
Figure 12. Nyadran ceremony [20]
In implementation of Nyadran, buffalo is an
important of an element. Type of buffalo that use
in traditional ceremonies of Nyadran is albino
buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Albino buffalo was
denoted as a substitute for the white elephant
that used by Minak Sopal used as escape goat
when establishing Bagong Dam. But with the
development of the times, a white elephant is
very difficult to find thus it was replaced with a
buffalo.
As an important element in the Tradition of
Nyadran, the buffalo Caucasians should always
provided in the moment Nyadran ceremonies.
But the existence of albino buffalo gradually
decreased because the number of cut is very high
without an increase in population and the lack of
feed and natural grazing fields. With the
existence of this demand, there has to be an
effort to make the population of buffalo does not
become extinct. Some things that can be done is
the maintenance of traditional buffalo grazing. In
this case they need to maintain the existence of
puddles or swamp that will automatically protect
the soil from erosion. Pools or swamps area
provide wide variety of ground cover plants as
buffalo’s food. It also increases the enthusiasm of
local communities to preserve traditional
Nyadran ceremony, so it becomes an incentive to
preserve the population of buffalo [20].
12. Clove Plantation
Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) is a major
commodity in Trenggalek. Clove plantation crops
are very well known and widely exported out of
the city. In 2004, Trenggalek is the largest clove
productionin East Java. However, the
productivity was decreased by 2008. According
to the Social Macro Economic Data in 2004-2008,
the decrease was caused by higher cost of care

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than the offered price. Clove farmers are also has
difficulties in selling, because not all of the cloves
can be accepted by the middlemen. Therefore,
clove farmers inTrenggalek choose to switch the
cultivation of other crops.
Figure 13. Clove estate in Munjungan sub-district
Most of the districts in Trenggalek are very
suitable to plant the clove. Terms were intended
planting cloves that 300-600dpal. The
communities who are farmers not only planted
clove, but the distance between one plant clove
with other crops planted with production plants.
Some types of plants are planted at a distance of
cloves, e.g. fruit plants (banana, guava, mango,
pineapple and coffee) and sometimes planted
with grass. These plants can grow well in the
shade of cloves as the main crop. Beside to use
the results of cloves, clove farmers may use the
results of crops under clove trees because it can
be harvested within a short time.
It is in the implementation, the community
has been using Agroforestry to the pattern to
plant the cloves. Advantages of Agroforestry
systems, especially in the field of ecology, among
others, cause plants can create a breeding place
for birds and mammals. Beside that, Agroforestry
can conserve the genetic diversity with different
functions in stabilizing an ecosystem [21].
CONCLUSION
Trenggalek has several tourist destinations
that can be used as a support for ecotourism, i.e
Geghog Rice, Ayam Lodho, Alen-Alen, Kripik
Tempe, Tiban, Lowo Cave, Prigi Beach, Bamboo
Craft, Nyadran Ceremony, cloves estate, and
Cengkrong Beach. Each potential of tourism has
different characteristics that can be used as a
support for ecotourism, thus create a component
that well conserved in the district of Trenggalek.
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