Content uploaded by Heather Fraser
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Heather Fraser on May 08, 2014
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Four different approaches to community participation
Abstract
This paper explores some of the politics of community work by examining four basic community participation approaches. Moving from the right of politics to the left, it overviews some of the different theoretical orientations, goals, processes and recruitment practices that are commonly used but not always recognized to constitute different forms of community participation. Offered primarily to ‘lay’ community members, students and beginning practitioners, the paper is intended to clarify some of the differences that emerge when participation projects are designed, and to stimulate discussion about community participation more generally.
... Utasi Ágnes a globalizáció haszonelvű céljaitól eltérő szervezeti formákra használja a fogalmat, olyan szervezetekre melyek a magasabb rendű humán érték érdekében szerveződnek (Utasi, 2009 (Fraser, 2005). ...
A közösség olyan alapfogalom, mely a társadalomtudományokon belül több alaptudomány és alkalmazott társadalomtudomány szótárában megtalálható, ugyanakkor nem a megváltoztathatatlanul közös értelmezés mentén kerül át az egyes tudományágakba, hanem éppen a rugalmassága, a sokszínű megközelítés miatt válik több ágon is felhasználható alapfogalommá. Napjainkra a fogalom nem maradt meg a társadalomtudományok szerteágazó alap- és alkalmazott tudományági területén, hanem az élő természettudományok (ökológia, evolúcióbiológia) és a műszaki tudományok (automatizálás és IT) területén is fokozottan használatba került. A tanulmány a közösség fogalmának 21. századi változását elsősorban a neveléstudomány és a szociológia nézőpontjából kíséri figyelemmel, gyakorlati célja a közösségfejlesztés szakmai közönsége számára kitekintést nyújtani a hármas megközelítésből (hely, érdeklődés, szellemi dimenzió), mely alapján tradicionálisan a közösségek szerveződnek. A kutatói érdeklődést az a kérdés irányította, hogy hogyan hatnak a 21. század társadalmi-technológiai kihívásai a 20. században gyökerező közösségfogalomra, milyen közösségfelfogásokkal találkozhatunk a szélesebb hazai és külföldi szakirodalomban és gyakorlatban, főként, ha kitekintünk a szorosan vett akadémiai keretből. A szakirodalmi gyűjtőmunka révén 12 közösségfelfogás, definíció került azonosításra, melyek mindegyikéhez a tanulmány gyakorlati példákat társít, hogy bemutassa az egyes fogalmak élő jellegzetességeit. A tanulmány célja, hogy jobban megértsük a közösségek természetét és szerepét; újdonságértékét pedig az adja, hogy a közösségfogalom ilyen tág értelmezésére még nem volt kísérlet, a bemutatott 12 fogalom a közösségfejlesztő szakemberek szakmai felkészítése során is eredményesen alkalmazható.
... For this reason they fail to participate. Secondly, although the information may be available, it may be presented in a language that many people do not understand because of low education and literacy levels (Fraser, 2005;Kane, 2006). Such people are unable to understand the projects and associated impacts. ...
Public participation is important in any Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for ma-jor infrastructure projects. However, evidence shows that there is hardly any public participation in ESIAs in many infrastructure projects in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. Therefore, this study sought to find out the factors that hindered public participation in ESIAs. Five projects in four towns were identified as case study projects. Using qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews, data was collected from research participants selected from identified target groups using purposive, convenience, and snowballing sampling. The data collected was analysed using thematic analysis and simple frequencies. The results obtained revealed that the factors that hindered public participation in the ESIAs of the five case projects included inadequate public awareness, low literacy and education levels among affected community members, poor timing of ESIA meetings, long distances to meeting venues, and absence of incentives for participation. Other factors were lack of political will and absence of guidelines on public participation in ESIAs. The implication for these findings is that infrastructure projects are being implemented without due consideration of impacts on local communities. Moreover, ESIAs are seemingly conducted merely as a requirement for project approval and not as a tool for identifying potential environmental and social impacts and corresponding mitigation measures to ensure project sustainability. Thus, this study recommends that comprehensive guidelines for public participation in ESIAs be developed to assist project developers in the administration of public participation. Additionally, there is a need for strong political will at local and national governance levels.
... Also, he saw it as a descriptive group or collection of factors. The factors he highlighted were defined in several ways that appear to support the theories put forth by Fraser (2005) and (Vincent, 2019). These variables, in their opinion, are; ...
In discussions of development, community development is an important phenomenon. It entails raising people's standard of living through teamwork and in consideration of development objectives. Researchers and some prevailing conditions have noticed that the application of community development's basic ideals and principles has not been able to impact or accomplish development goals in developing nations. Utilizing secondary data, a range of relevant literature was examined in order to pinpoint the obstacles that community development ideals and principles face as they work to create a new Nigeria and to determine the causes of those obstacles. In order to accomplish this goal, this study traces the history of community development and examines the underlying values and principles of community development as well as, the growth of community development, and its impact on modern approaches to community development practice are traced in this study, which also analyzes and explores the underlying ideals and principles of community development. The political, security, corruption, ineffective monitoring and execution, and assessment of development initiatives are among the difficulties that have been cited. The article came to the conclusion that the variables impacting the influence of values and principles of community development will be overcome when traditional and cultural values of communities are recognized in the development planning and appropriate capacity building programs are localized.
... This success indicates that integrating community participation in water management can positively contribute to the sustainability of water management and agriculture on Ay Island. The increasing community participation brings significant changes in decision-making dynamics, from merely receiving information to active involvement in formulating policies relevant to local needs (Ramdhan, 2016) (Fraser, 2005). ...
This research proposes to analyze water service management in Ay Island, Banda, Maluku Province, with a focus on community participation and the implementation of local policies. The study employs a qualitative approach and a case study method. The research findings indicate that the local government has successfully implemented water service management through policies covering planning, organizing, directing, and supervising in managing of water resources in the Ay Island region. In the context of planning, the identification of potential water sources, resource allocation, and the development of water infrastructure come to be the main focus, demonstrating a commitment to ensuring water availability for agriculture and community requirements. Furthermore, the crucial role of community participation in water management in Ay Island, progressing from lower to higher levels on Arnstein's ladder, reflects a positive transformation from symbolic involvement to full empowerment of the community in water-related decision-making. Through practices such as rainwater harvesting and dam construction, Ay Island embodies the concept of sustainability, encompassing ecological, economic, and social aspects, creating a model for water management that can serve as inspiration for other island regions facing similar challenges.
This chapter has two major aims. On the one hand, it advances the original analytical framework of the book by providing theoretical arguments that support the idea that personality traits could drive acceptance of state surveillance. On the other hand, it presents the research design of the book. The original contribution of this chapter is that it represents the first attempt to integrate the theory of personality traits into an analytical framework to explain the acceptance of state surveillance. To date, only very few studies have sought to explain the relation between personality traits and concerns about privacy or workplace surveillance, but none of them has analyzed if and how these elements predict if someone is more or less likely to accept state surveillance.
In this second analytical chapter of the book, the focus turns to Romania and its citizens’ acceptance of state surveillance for national security objectives. It uses individual-level data from a national survey conducted in Romania on a representative sample of 1028 respondents. The statistical analysis explains the relationship between personality traits: agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness to experience; as well as other factors: engagement in community, subjective information, age, education, gender, and TV consumption, and the acceptance of state surveillance. The analysis is based on secondary literature (previous studies and press reports) and is coupled with information about the socio-political realities of Romania.
Natural and man-made disasters are a big threat to societies across the globe today and architects are now considered to be very important in the management of risks as they design structures that can withstand disaster and In particular, this paper seeks to establish the measures and approaches that may be used in enhancing the overall resilience of the communities in the flood impacted areas of Pakistan. This paper is based on the case study of the Rotarian project of Smart Villages that deals with the reconstruction of flood affected areas in Sindh, Pakistan. It discusses ways and means of enhancing community preparedness and response to flooding in areas that have been flooded. It is for this reason that a framework is required, one that is integrative of the community, NGOs, governments, as well as other professionals. The strategies include infrastructure retrofitting, afforestation, eco-friendly material use, stakeholder involvement, resilient housing, health and sanitation improvement, livelihood restoration, and disaster risk reduction. This study stresses the need to foster more international cooperation, monitoring, and legal regulation of climate change with the help of sustainable development goals. In conclusion, this research assesses the repercussions of flooding in Sindh province now and in the past and aims to guide better and sustainable reconstruction strategies in the area.
Natural and man-made disasters are a big threat to societies across the globe today and architects are now considered to be very important in the management of risks as they design structures that can withstand disaster and In particular, this paper seeks to establish the measures and approaches that may be used in enhancing the overall resilience of the communities in the flood impacted areas of Pakistan. This paper is based on the case study of the Rotarian project of Smart Villages that deals with the reconstruction of flood affected areas in Sindh, Pakistan. It discusses ways and means of enhancing community preparedness and response to flooding in areas that have been flooded. It is for this reason that a framework is required, one that is integrative of the community, NGOs, governments, as well as other professionals. The strategies include infrastructure retrofitting, afforestation, eco-friendly material use, stakeholder involvement, resilient housing, health and sanitation improvement, livelihood restoration, and disaster risk reduction. This study stresses the need to foster more international cooperation, monitoring, and legal regulation of climate change with the help of sustainable development goals. In conclusion, this research assesses the repercussions of flooding in Sindh province now and in the past and aims to guide better and sustainable reconstruction strategies in the area. (Miller, 2024)
Algae, an important foundation of aquatic ecosystems, can become a nuisance or harmful when it grows in excess. Many government agencies have a role in monitoring, responding to, and confirming a harmful algal bloom (HAB). HAB scientists have important information to share, however, given the complexities of HABs, which often involve decoupled drivers from observed impacts, presents challenges to outreach and engagement. Understanding key audience information needs can help scientists prioritize key science communication and engagement opportunities to maximize the impact of such efforts. Scientists may need additional science communication training or support for scientist‐community partnerships. This will be evermore important into the future with the likely range expansion of HABs due to climate change.
Encouraging or even requiring higher density urban development is major policy in the European Community and of Agenda 21, and central principle of growth management programmes used by cities around the world. This book takes a critical look at a number of claims made by proponents of this initiative, seeking to answer whether indeed this strategy controls the spread of suburbs into open lands, is acceptable to residents, reduces journey lengths and encourages use of public transport, improves efficiency in providing urban infrastructure and services, and results in environmental improvements supporting higher quality of life in cities. Most of the 24 contributors, from 10 countries, focus on case studies which test these widely-held notions of the benefits of compact cities drawing inferences from them.
As downsizing of the federal government's role in social programs moves forward, grassroots and local movements for community-based social change grounded in empowerment approaches escalate. Social workers will be called on to respond to the continued dismantling of the federal safety net and local concerns for economic and social development that sustains and supports families and communities. This article presents ideas to strengthen and expand community practice and community building, connects community practice and social development, describes the relationship between community practice and policy directions, and specifies needed research.
