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Species composition of tetranychoid mites (Acari: Trombidiformes: Prostigmata: Tetranychoidea) in main landscapes of Tehran and modelling ecological niche of Tetranychoidea in main climates of Tehran Province, Iran
Abstract
Tetranychoid communities from urban landscapes of Tehran area were compared in 2012. The landscapes covering two main climates of Tehran Province and the related regions were mostly planted with Ulmus, Platanus, Ficus and Morus trees. A total of 259 mite specimens, belonging to two families, were collected. Cenopalpus meyerae was the dominant species in Lavizan Forest Park, Qeytariyeh, Taleqani, Laleh, Besat and Golbon parks with 96.1%, 89.6%, 85.72%, 64.86%, 40% and 32%, respectively, while in Chitgar Forest Park, Tetranychus urticae and C. meyerae had the highest dominancy with 40%. Among the species, C. meyerae, Tetranychus sp., T. urticae and Eotetranychus sp. were found in most of parks. Eutetranychus orientalis, Eu. africanus and Eutetranychus sp. were only found in Golbon Park with mainly ornamental plants; and Mononychellus sp. occurred occurred in Laleh Park and only found on Ficus species. Modelling of ecological niches by support vector machines method showed the most suitable areas for each species. Accuracy of the model according to maximum Kappa value and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values were high.
... T. urticae infests a wide range of agricultural crops, including cotton plants [4] . In more severe infestations, mites feed and oviposit across the whole surface of the leaf, producing leaf fall and branch die-back, which can result in defoliated plants [5] . The severity of spider mitecaused plant damage is determined by a variety of factors that influence the mites' eating and reproduction of particular importance are the nature and circumstances of the host plants, as well as the influence of physical elements on both the host and the mite. ...
... The supervised classi cation approaches such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and a transferred Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was reported for mite-infestation using UAV multispectral imagery (Huang et al. 2018). Species composition are another GIS and remote sensing approaches applied for modeling ecological niche of Tetranychoid mites (Acari: Tetranychoidea) in in different climates of Tehran Province, Iran (Ghasemi Moghadam et al. 2016). The current study aimed to determine the potential effects of ve climate and vegetation characters including air pollution (dust), The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), The Land Surface Temperature (LST), Evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation on Spider mite population. ...
Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a serious pest in cotton fields worldwide. Monitoring of T. urticae with time-series of vegetation index and climatic factors based satellite data was applied to near real-time assessing. The current study aimed to determine correlations between T. urticae population dynamic and effects of Aerosol index of Sentinel-5, Sentinal-2-NDVI (10m), The Land Surface Temperature (LST), MODIS-Evapotranspiration (ET) and CHIRPS-precipitation. Spider mite out-breaking has coincided with the wheat harvesting and where experienced several dusty days with high aerosol index 0.167. Rainfall had a significant negative correlation with T. urticae population ( R 2 = 0.378) and a threshold precipitation level was estimated at least 2 mm to clean up the canopy. We could not find a significant pattern between temperature and T. urticae population until August 2020 and then the significant positive relationships were observed during August 2020, R² = 0.3519, 0.1283, 0.1675 and 0.178, weekly. Evapotranspiration depicted a statistically synchronous relationship R 2 = 0.637 with T. urticae dynamism. There was a positive correlation between increasing NDVI and T. urticae population until August 2020 and then was shifted to negative pattern R 2 = 0.273 and 0.139. These findings, aerosol index of sentinel-5 and MODIS-evapotranspiration have potential to forecast spider mite population with high temporal resolution.
... Pale yellow streaks develop along the midrib and veins initially, which later progress to a grayish or silvery appearance of the leaves. In heavier infestations, mites feed and oviposit over the whole surface of the leaf, causing leaf fall and die-back of branches, which may result in defoliated plants (Moghadam et al., 2016). Two insect species also attack soybean and cause a serious economic problem. ...
A sustainable pest management in agro-ecosystems requires parallel assessments of pesticide and natural compounds to control target pests. In the present study, a semi-field experiment was conducted to evaluate the relative toxicity of abamectin (Abamax), humic acid, and Chitosan Nano-Particles (C.N.Ps) against four soybean pests: Tetranychus urticae , Eutetranychus orientalis , Bemisia tabaci , and Phenacoccus solenopsis . The experimental treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates, where treatments were assigned to main plots and pest populations under different periods in the subplots. The obtained results and graphs demonstrated that there were considerable differences between the total numbers of pests after different periods of treatment. Generally, E. orientalis recorded the minimum pest number at all. Different tested compounds demonstrated a considerable correlation between the densities of the pests. T. urticae exhibited a significant correlation with the other three pests ( E. orientalis , B. tabaci , and P. solenopsis ). E. orientalis did not correlate with B. tabaci and P. solenopsis . The humic acid recorded the best effect on T. urticae after 3 days with a reduction of 85.45% and E. orientalis after 7 days 65.55%. However, Chitosan Nano-Particles (C.N.Ps) was the best for E. orientalis after 14 days (mortality 74.36%). In contrast, abamectin (Abamax) had a general mean of reduction of 91.17% against T. urticae , whenever, these compounds are promising for controlling T. urticae , E. orientalis , B. tabaci , and P. solenopsis . These results may be a supporting method to overcome some soybean pests. The findings are discussed within the context of integrated management of soybean pests under semi-field conditions.
Great contribution to acarology has been provided by the South African taxonomist Edward A. Ueckermann, for the knowledge of mites of his country and of several other countries. His major contribution for more than 40 years concerns predaceous and phytophagous mites of many different families. He has conducted collaborative works with researchers from different countries, including Cape Verde, Marion and Reunion Islands, Israel, Kenya, Egypt, Zambia, Zimbabwe, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Brazil, Iran and USA. In addition, he has trained researchers and students of different countries in his specialty. More than 240 new species and 23 new genera were described by him, in more than 212 high quality scientific papers. His contribution has been recently recognized by the South Africa National Research Foundation, entitling him to receive incentive funding. Despite retiring in January 2016, he continues to participate in research activities in full professional capacity, collaborating with researchers from South Africa and elsewhere.
This study was carried out to determine the effects of different times of collection of cuttings and different auxins (IBA-NAA) concentrations on the propagation of Platanus orientalis L. by cutting. Rooting (%), the number of roots per cutting and primary root length were seen, the best results obtained in November, December and October, respectively. In addition, relatively lower values were determined during spring (March and April) and summer (June and July) periods. On the other hand, it was found out that auxin applications were not effective on rooting of cuttings.
This book summarizes the biological control programmes in Canada since 1981. The book includes three chapters on the relationships of invasive species, pesticides and taxonomy to biological control, and contains sections on insects and mites (55 chapters, including crop pests, forest pests, public health pests and livestock pests), weeds (25 chapters), and pathogens (19 chapters). Some emphasis is given on pathogens and nematodes either as targets for control or as biological control agents acting directly as hyperparasites or pathogens, or indirectly as antagonists competing successfully for the same resources as the target pest. Appendices provide details of noteworthy publications on biological control from 1981-2000 and Canadian suppliers of biological control organisms .
In our communication the expression for the simple matching function should read:| ATI Y\ + \A-X\JY\ A-X/JY/>for subsets ?, ? ?? a finite set A.
Genetic variations in two esterases, MDH and PGI were studied among Japanese populations of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Esterases and MDH were polymorphic in the majority of populations studied. Geographic patterns in esterases and MDH allele frequencies were observed among populations collected from fruit trees and roses. A dendrogram constructed by the phenetic cluster analysis based on the genetic distance values showed that these populations could be divided into three geographic groups. However, there seemed to be no particular geographic pattern in any enzyme variation in populations from herbaceous hosts, and the allele frequencies differed greatly even among geographically neiehboring popuations. © 1995, JAPANESE SOCIETY OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY. All rights reserved.
Experiments were conducted at Ibadan, Nigeria to assess the effect of leaf trichome characteristics (pubescence intensity index, length, and orientation) on field resistance of cassava to the green spider mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar). There were significant (P < 0.01) differences in M. tanajoa density, damage score and leaf trichome characteristics among the cultivars. During the dry season (February, 1993 and 1994) and the early part of the rainy season (May, 1993), there were significant (P < 0.01) negative correlations between pubescence intensity index on the top leaves (leaf 3) and mite damage. Significant negative correlations were also obtained between trichome length and damage in the dry season (February, 1993) (P < 0.05), and between trichome orientation and mite damage in the rainy season (May, 1993) (P < 0.01). Correlation between pubescence intensity index and mite density on the top leaves was significant and positive only in the “middle” of the rainy season (August, 1993). A significant (P < 0.01) negative correlation was obtained between trichome orientation and mite density in the dry season (February, 1993). The results suggest that, during the dry season, a high pubescence intensity significantly reduces leaf damage by M. tanajoa through mechanical disturbance of movement and feeding. Trichome length is more important than trichome orientation in cassava resistance to M. tanajoa.
Populations of spider mites were sampled from kudzu vine Pueraria lobata (Willd.) from 1997 to 1999 at two study sites in Ibaraki, central Japan. Of the five spider mite species sampled, Tetranychus pueraricola Ehara and Gotoh was the most abundant (accounting for 75.6–96.9% of mites) in each of the three years. The next most abundant species were T. ludeni Zacher (0.8–19.0%), T. parakanzawai Ehara (1.1–9.7%) and T. piercei McGregor (3.1%), but their density and species richness varied from year to year and from site to site. The populations peaked in June and/or September–October. Predators associated with spider mite populations were phytoseiid mites such as Amblyseius tsugawai Ehara, Phytoseius nipponicus Ehara and Neoseiulus womersleyi (Schicha), Scolothrips takahashii Priesner, Oligota spp., Feltiella spp. and stigmaeid mites such as Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez and A. terminalis (Quayle), which were well synchronized with spider mite density. Overwintered females began to appear and oviposit on some herbaceous weeds growing at the study sites in early April. Spider mites appeared on kudzu vine leaves in early May just after flushing. Most colonies (defined as areas surrounded with silky spider mite threads) had only one species but a small percentage had two or three species.
The biological parameters of Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarov et Nikolskii) and Tetranychus truncatus (Ehara) on cotton and corn were studied in the laboratory at 28±1°C, 70±10% RH and 16L: 8D photoperiod in 2011 and 2012. The differences of the two spider mite species on the same host plant and the effect of different host plants on the same spider mite species were both compared. The results of two spider mite species on the same host plant indicated that the rm values of T. truncatus were higher than those of T. turkestani whether they were reared on cotton or corn. The other results of the effect of different host plants on the same spider mites indicated that T. turkestani achieved higher rm on cotton (0.18, 0.17) than on corn (0.14, 0.15) in both 2011 and 2012, respectively. However, the rm values obtained on cotton for T. truncatus (0.19, 0.19) were smaller than those obtained on corn (0.21, 0.21) in both years. This study showed that the fecundity of T. truncatus is greater than that of T. turkestani on the same plant species. Moreover, corn is the better host plant for T. truncatus, whereas cotton is more suitable for T. turkestani.