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A mounted skeleton of the gigantic reptile Trachodon amurense nov. sp
... Mandschurosaurus was the first dinosaur named from China, its material collected from the Late Cretaceous Yuliangze Formation (Maastrichtian) in Heilongjiang (Amur) River area between China and Russia . It was initially referred to the genus "Trachodon" amurense (Riabinin 1925), but was later re-assigned in 1930 to a new genus as Mandschurosaurus amurensis . M. amurensis is a large hadrosaurid (duck-billed dinosaurs), based on a poorly preserved and incomplete skeleton, and is often considered as a nomen dubium (Horner et al. 2004). ...
Ornithischian dinosaurs have been discovered in Thailand, Laos, and Malaysia. These bird-hipped herbivores remain relatively rare by comparison with saurischian dinosaurs. In the Late Jurassic, stegosaurs and basal neornithischians from Thailand showed similarities to Middle-Late Jurassic taxa from China. Ornithischians appeared in the fossil record again during the late Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of Thailand and Laos. They are represented by non-hadrosaurid iguanodontians and basal ceratopsians. A few specimens have been reported from poorly dated Early Cretaceous rocks of Malaysia. Here, we illustrate the diversity of ornithischian assemblages in Southeast Asia and discuss their palaeobiogeographical implications.
... Mandschurosaurus was the first dinosaur named from China, its material collected from the Late Cretaceous Yuliangze Formation (Maastrichtian) in Heilongjiang (Amur) River area between China and Russia . It was initially referred to the genus "Trachodon" amurense (Riabinin 1925), but was later re-assigned in 1930 to a new genus as Mandschurosaurus amurensis . M. amurensis is a large hadrosaurid (duck-billed dinosaurs), based on a poorly preserved and incomplete skeleton, and is often considered as a nomen dubium (Horner et al. 2004). ...
Ornithischian dinosaurs have been discovered in Thailand, Laos, and Malaysia. These bird-hipped herbivores remain relatively rare by comparison with saurischian dinosaurs. In the Late Jurassic, stegosaurs and basal neornithischians from Thailand showed similarities to Middle-Late Jurassic taxa from China. Ornithischians appeared in the fossil record again during the late Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of Thailand and Laos. They are represented by non-hadrosaurid iguanodontians and basal ceratopsians. A few specimens have been reported from poorly dated Early Cretaceous rocks of Malaysia. Here, we illustrate the diversity of ornithischian assemblages in Southeast Asia and discuss their palaeobiogeographical implications.
... Since the beginning of the 20th century, dinosaur remains have been discovered along the Chinese and Russian banks of Amur River. The first dinosaur skeleton Mandschurosaurus amurensis Riabinin (1925Riabinin ( , 1930a was described after two excavation campaigns undertaken by the Russian Geological Committee in 1916 and1917. During the last decades, discoveries of new Maastrichtian dinosaur localities in the Amur Region and China led to restudy of the Lower Tsagayan and Yuliangzi formations (Markevich et al., 1994;Flora and dinosaurs …, 2001;Dong et al., 2003;Van Itterbeeck et al., 2005). ...
A general characterization of the Late Cretaceous floras of the Zeya-Bureya Basin is provided based on floristic assemblages from Russia (Amur Region) and China (Heilongjiang Province). Four phases of floral evolution were revealed: the Turo-nian-Coniacian (the Sutara flora), the Santonian (the Yong'ancun and Middle Kundur floras), the Campa-nian (the Taipinglinchang and Late Kundur floras) and the late Maastrichtian (Bureya flora). This long paleofloral succession provides possibility for investigation of different trends in the evolution of the Late Cretaceous taxa, flora, and climate.
... The first dinosaur species named from China was 'Trachodon' amurense Riabinin, 1925, which was later referred to the genus Mandschurosaurus Riabinin, 1930, but is now regarded as a nomen dubium (sensu Horner et al., 2004). The otherwise earliest documented valid Chinese dinosaur taxa were erected by the eminent Swedish paleontologist Carl Wiman in 1929. ...
Tanius sinensis was one of the first dinosaur species to be named from China. It was established on a partial skeleton recovered by a joint Sino-Swedish expedition in 1923. The fossils were excavated from Upper Cretaceous strata of the Jiangjunding Formation (Wangshi Group) in Shandong Province, and although their discovery dates back almost 100 years, they have not been reassessed in detail since their initial description in 1929. This omission is critical because T. sinensis is now recognized as one of the stratigraphically youngest non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid taxa. Here, we re-evaluate the postcranial osteology of T. sinensis as a prelude to an anatomical and phylogenetic revision of the species. We examined the holotype and all currently referred specimens of T. sinensis first-hand, and identified a unique postcranial character state combination incorporating tall dorsal neural spines, a reduced postacetabular ridge on the ilium, a fully enclosed flexor tunnel formed by the distal condyles of the femur, and a lunate proximal end on metatarsal III. Comparisons with other species of Tanius confirm that: (1) T. chingkankouensis is a nomen dubium erected on non-diagnostic composite material; (2) T. laiyangensis was established on indeterminate hadrosaurid remains that are not attributable to Tanius; and (3) the anecdotal assignments of Bactrosaurus prynadai and Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus to Tanius cannot be substantiated. Close inspection of the holotype caudal vertebra further reveals a possible healed bite trace consistent with a prey-predator interaction. Lastly, our calculated average body mass estimate for T. sinensis of between 2091-3533 kg suggests that it was one of the largest non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroids.
... Meyer (1860) studied the megascopic characters of the fossil avian and turtle eggs from Offenbach, Germany. In Asia, especially in China and Mongolia, the earliest records of dinosaur skeletal remains and nests (1920s) were reported by Andrews (1932) and Riabinin (1925). ...
Hundreds of Indian Late Cretaceous sauropod and theropod nests, eggs and eggshells have been recorded from a specific lithologic unit (Lameta Limestone) at Jabalpur, Bagh, Kheda–Panchmahal and in the Dongargaon-Pisdura areas of peninsular India. This chapter discusses in detail the current status and parataxonomic classification of Indian Late Cretaceous dinosaur eggshells. On the basis of morphological, micro- and ultrastructural studies, a total of 14 eggshell oospecies belonging to five different oofamilies and oogenera such as Megaloolithidae (Megaloolithus), Fusioolithidae (Fusioolithus), Elongatoolithidae (Ellipsoolithus), Laevisoolithidae (Subtiliolithus) and ?Spheroolithidae (Spheroolithus) have been chronicled from Indian infra- and intertrappean localities. The Indian eggshells have been revised, synonymized and described systematically. The majority of the Indian eggshells belong to the oofamilies Megaloolithidae (fan-shaped separated shell units) and Fusioolithidae (fused spheroliths and external nodes) of tubospherulitic morphotype. Three of the oofamilies—Megaloolithidae, Fusioolithidae and Elongatoolithidae—dominate the Indian eggshell assemblage and show distinct affinities with Peruvian, Romanian, French-Spanish, African and Argentinean localities. The oofamily Laevisoolithidae displays Mongolian and Argentinean affinities.
... China's known Late Cretaceous dinosaur fauna is predominantly a hadrosaur–titanosaur dominated assemblage (Dong, 1992) and was slightly less diverse than that known from the Early Cretaceous. Late Cretaceous skeletal fossil assemblages are widely distributed in the Yuliangze Formation of northern Heilongjiang Province (e.g., Mandschurosaurus Riabinin, 1925), the Wangshi Group (e.g., Tanius Wiman, 1929; Shantungosaurus Hu, 1973 ) and the Jingangkou Formation (e.g., Tsintaosaurus Young, 1958) of eastern Shandong Province, and in the Wulansuhai Formation of Bayan Mandahu, northern Inner Mongolia (e.g., Linheraptor Xu et al., 2010a). In addition, a sparser record of specimens is now known from Heyuan and Nanxiong (former Nanhsiung) in northern Guangdong Province, and neighboring Ganzhou (formerly Kanchou) in southern Jiangxi Province. ...
Re-examination of the Late Cretaceous Yangmeikeng tracksite, in the Zhutian Formation (Nanxiong Group) near Nanxiong, Guangdong Province, China, has led to the documentation of over 30 vertebrate tracks. The track assemblage is dominated by large and small ornithopod tracks. The larger ornithopod tracks have been assigned to Hadrosauropodus nanxiongensis and Hadrosauropodus isp. indet. The smaller ornithopod tracks are consistently incomplete, showing only three pes digit traces, without heel or manus impressions. For this reason the smaller tracks probably represent pes tracks penetrating from a higher layer, and therefore have not been assigned to any particular ichnotaxon. Previous photography at Yangmeikeng site confirms the presence of at least one small Wupus-like theropod track and a Pteraichnus-like pterosaur pes track. Large enigmatic didactyl tracks could be of deinonychosaurian affinity, but are more likely the poorly preserved prints of a tridactyl theropod trackmaker. The Nanxiong dinosaur tracks and skeleton records represent the most important and diverse ichnofauna from Upper Cretaceous strata of South China, and can be compared with the Shandong and Heilongjiang Late Cretaceous faunas. The composition of the ichnofauna, is significant because it reflects a diverse tetrapod community with hadrosaurs, avian theropods, non-avian theropods and pterosaurs, a co-occurrence not evident from the skeletal record of this region. From a global perspective this assemblage permits a unique insight into archosaur communities and interaction of animals in a typical Late Cretaceous lakeshore environment. Non-avian theropods may
... During the summers of 1916 and 1917, the Russian Geological Committee undertook two excavation campaigns along the right side of the Amur River, which forms the western border between Russia and China, in the vicinity of Jiayin (Heilongjang Province, P.R. China, figure 1). The finds included a series of dinosaur bones, named Mandschurosaurus amurensis [19] and referred to the family Hadrosauridae. This species is now unanimously regarded as a nomen dubium, because of the scarcity of the material and of the absence of any diagnostical element. ...
Since the beginning of the 20th century, the Yuliangze Formation of the Jiayin locality, in north-eastern China, has yielded abundant dinosaur material. Palynological data suggest that the Yuliangze Formation is late Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) in age. About 90 percent of the bones recovered from this locality belong to the lambeosaurine (Hadrosauridae) dinosaur Charonosaurus jiayinensis Goderfroit, Zan & Jin, 2000. An osteological reconstruction of this dinosaur is proposed in the present paper. A phylogenetic analysis, based on 34 cranial, dental and postcranial characters, indicates that Charonosaurus is the sister-taxon of the Late Cretaceous North American genus Parasaurolophus. Comparisons of postcranial features indicate that Charonosaurus jiayinensis was probably less well-adapted for quadruped gait than was Iguanodon bernissartensis, but was probably a more efficient biped. It is suggested that that the great development of the distal ischial foot in lambeosaurines, that served as attachment site for M. rectus abdominis, may be correlated to the hypertrophy of the nasal passage in these dinosaurs. If lambeosaurine dinosaurs dominated potential late Maastrichtian localities in eastern Asia, these dinosaurs are not represented anymore in synchronous Lancian localities from western North America, dominated either by ceratopsian or by titanosaurid dinosaurs.
... Since the beginning of the twentieth century, dinosaur remains have been discovered along both the Chinese and Russian banks of Amur River (named Heilongjang, Black Dragon River, in China). During the summers of 1916 and 1917, the Russian Geological Committee undertook two excavation campaigns at the presentday Chinese Jiayin locality ( Fig. 1), leading to the description of two hadrosaurid dinosaurs by Riabinin (1925Riabinin ( , 1930a. Since 1975, several Chinese institutions have undertaken new excavations near Jiayin. ...
Since 1990, the Kundur locality (Amur Region, Far Eastern Russia) has yielded a rich dinosaur fauna. The main fossil site occurs along a road section with a nearly continuous exposure of continental sediments of the Kundur Formation and the Tsagayan Group (Udurchukan and Bureya formations). The sedimentary environment of the Kundur Formation evolves from lacustrine to wetland settings. The succession of megafloras discovered in this formation confirms the sedimentological data. The Tsagayan Group beds were deposited in an alluvial environment of the type. The dinosaur fossils are restricted to the Udurchukan Formation. Scarce and eroded bones can be found within channel deposits, whereas abundant and well-preserved specimens, including sub-complete skeletons, have been discovered in diamicts. These massive, unsorted strata represent the deposits of ancient sediment gravity flows that originated from the uplifted areas at the borders of the Zeya-Bureya Basin. These gravity flows assured the concentration of dinosaur bones and carcasses as well as their quick burial. Such taphonomic conditions allowed the preservation of sub-complete hadrosaurid skeletons unearthed at the Kundur site. Palaeobotanical data indicate a subtropical climate during the deposition of the Kundur and Udurchukan formations. Several elements in the composition of the Kundur vertebrate fauna suggest a strong influence of the North American late Cretaceous vertebrate communities: the abundance of corythosaur-like lambeosaurines, the probable presence of a nodosaurid dinosaur and of a eucosmodontid or microcosmodontid multituberculate. A late Maastrichtian age is tentatively proposed for the dinosaur-bearing sediments in Amur Region, by comparison with the information collected in the Western Interior Basin of North America. As it is also observed in the latter area, important floristic changes (diminution of angiosperm pollens and predominance of modern families) and the disappearance of dinosaurs mark the end of the Maastrichtian age in the Amur Region. Late Maastrichtian dinosaur localities from Amur Region are dominated by lambeosaurines, whereas these dinosaurs apparently disappeared from western North America long before the iridium horizon that defines the K/P boundary. This local disappearance is therefore probably due to ecological factors rather than indicating a gradual extinction of the dinosaurs long before the K/P boundary.
... ack fishermen in the vicinity of the village of Jiayin, along the Chinese bank of Amur River (named Heilongjiang, meaning Black Dragon River, in China): these were the first di− nosaur fossils collected in this area (Fig. 1). During the sum− mers 1916 and 1917, the Geological Commitee of Russia un− dertook two excavation campaigns at this locality. Riabinin (1925 Riabinin ( , 1930a) attested that bones belonging to hadrosaurid di− nosaurs were particularly abundant at Jiayin and named two new hadrosaurid taxa from the discovered material: Trachodon amurense Riabinin, 1925 and Saurolophus krystofovici Riabi− nin, 1930b. Both taxa are now regarded as nomina dubia, be− cause they are based on fragm ...
Amurosaurus riabinini Bolotsky and Kurzanov, 1991 (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) is described on the basis of the basis of numerous disarticulated bones from the Maastrichtian Udurchukan Formation of Blagoveschensk, Far Eastern Russia. Comparisons with North American palynozones and their well-calibrated ages suggest that this formation is late Maastrichtian in age. It is shown that A. riabinini is a valid species, characterised by cranial and postcranial autapornorphies. A phylogenetic analysis, based on 40 cranial, dental, and postcranial characters, indicates that this taxon occupies a relatively basal position within the lambeosaurine subfamily as the sister-taxon of a monophyletic group formed by the parasauroloph and corythosaur clades. This cladogram also demonstrates that lambeosaurines have an Asian origin. In eastern Asia, lambeosaurine dinosaurs dominate late Maastrichtian dinosaur localities, whereas this group is apparently no longer represented in synchronous localities from western North America.
The disappearance of nonavian dinosaurs is only a small part of a greater class of extinctions known as “mass extinctions.” Mass extinctions are global events characterized by unusually high rates of extinction. The five episodes of mass extinctions in Earth history are the Permo-Triassic extinction, the Late Ordovician extinction, the Late Devonian extinction, the Triassic-Jurassic extinction, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) extinction. This chapter focuses on patterns of geologic and biotic changes that occurred during the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) extinction. It also highlights the similarities and differences in interpretations of geologic and fossil records. It concludes with two scenarios explaining the differing views about dinosaur extinction.
Kerberosaurus manakini, gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) is described on the basis of disarticulated skull elements from the Maastrichtian Tsagayan Formation of Blagoveschensk, Far Eastern Russia. This flat-headed hadrosaur is characterized by a unique morphology of the lateral wall of the braincase, a particularly narrow frontal, a depressed rostral margin of the parietal, a strong, wide and flattened crest around the circumnarial depression, and a very prominent hook-like palatine process on the maxilla. A phylogenetic analysis, based on 21 cranial characters, indicates that, among hadrosaurines, Kerberosaurus is the sister taxon of a monophyletic group formed by Prosaurolophus and Saurolophus. Several independent hadrosaurid lineages migrated from western North America to eastern Asia, probably by late Campanian to early Maastrichtian time. At the end of the Maastrichtian, completely different dinosaur faunas developed in both regions, indicating some kind of geographical or paleoecological barrier.
A new hadrosaurid dinosaur, Nanningosaurus dashiensis gen. et sp. nov., is described based on an incomplete skeleton from the Late Cretaceous red beds of the Nalong Basin, Guangxi, southern China. Diagnostic features for the new taxon include the presence of a tall and sharply peaked dorsal process of the maxilla with reduced process of the jugal and a distinct lacrimal facet, gracile humerus with low, rounded deltopectoral crest, mandibular condyle of the quadrate transversly broad with reduced paraquadrate notch, dentary tooth with sinuous median carina and subsidiary ridge, relatively few tooth positions, ischial shaft straight along most of its distance, but to curve dorsally and expand at the distal end before the ischial foot begins. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that Nanningosaurus dashiensis is a basal member of Lambeosaurinae.
Large bonebeds have been excavated in the Late Maastrichian Yuliangze Formation near Jiayin (Heilongjang Province, northeastern China). The greatest part of the discovered fossils belong to a new lambeosaurine dinosaur, Charonosaurus jiayinensis n.g., n.sp. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 33 cranial, dental and postcranial characters, indicates that this new taxon may be closer to Parasaurolophus than any other known Lambeosaurinae. The Late Maastrichtian dinosaur faunas currently known in northeastern Asia are dominated by Lambeosaurinae, although these dinosaurs are not represented any more in synchronous North American and European localities.RésuméDe grands bonebeds ont été fouillés dans la formation de Yuliangze près de Jiayin (province du Heilongjang, Chine du Nord-Est). La grande majorité des fossiles découverts appartiennent à un nouveau dinosaure lambéosauriné, Charonosaurus jiayinenis n.g., n.sp. Une analyse phylogénétique basée sur 33 caractères crâniens, dentaires et postcrâniens indique que ce nouveau taxon semble plus proche de Parasaurolophus que de tout autre lambéosauriné connu. Les faunes du Maastrichtien supérieur connues à ce jour en Asie du Nord-Est sont dominées par des lambéosaurinés, alors que ces dinosaures ne sont plus représentés dans les gisements contemporains d’Amérique du Nord et d’Europe.
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