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Ontological Model of Centre for Archaeology Information Domain (V9)

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Abstract

Diagrammatic representation Ontological Model of the Centre for Archaeology Information Domain (V9) Illustrated the method used in the report on the then English Heritage project Ontological Modelling of the work of the Centre for Archaeology in 2004
SurveyDataset SurveyEvent ProjectTeamMemberRole ProjectTeamMember ContextFindProductionEvent ContextFindMeasurementValue ProjectTeamMemberRole Timestamp
ProjectTeamMemberRole RecordDrawingNoteType RecordNote
E60: Number E55: Type E62: String
P3: has note P94:has created
E55: Type E55: Type E37: Information Object E7: Activity E55: Type P14.1: in the role of E29: Actor P3.1: has type E62: String (was created by) Timestamp
Type used to structure notes Survey dataset P94: has created E65: Creation Event Notes regarding record
eg ‘certainty’ (was created by) Survey, including chemical, compilation and dating process
geophysical, auger etc EH_E0036 EH_E0035 EH_E0078 EH_E0091
EH_E0078 EH_E0078
EH_E0080 EH_E0090 EH_E2007 EH_E0077
Appendix A:
Timestamp ProjectDesign ContextFindProductionEvent ContextFindProductionEvent ContextFindDatingEvent ContextFindMeasurementUnit Timestamp
RecordNoteType Record
E62: String E29: Design or Procedure E62: StringE7:Activity E58: Measurement Unit P90: has value P14.1: in the role of P79: beginning is qualified Timestamp
E55: Type Spot dating achieved E31: Document E65:Creation Event by
P14.1: in the role of P3.1: has type P16: used specific object Timestamp The PD or UPD
Type used to structure notes through finds Record of find production date finds dating
(was used for) Ontological Model of
eg ‘certainty’
EH_E0037 EH_E0014 EH_E2005EH_E0034 EH_E0091
EH_E0091 EH_E0076
Centre for Archaeology
ContextFindMeasurement ContextFindMeasurementEvent ProjectTeamMember ContextFindMeasurementEvent
RecordDrawingNote ProcessSurveyDatasetEvent RecordDrawingSheet Type Timespan
E7: Activity
ProjectTeamMember E39: Actor
P67: refers to P1:is identified by P91: has unit E54: Dimension
E52: Time-span P80: end is qualified by
E62: String E65:Creation Event E84: Information Carrier P79: beginning is P16: used specific object P14: carried out by E55: Type
(is referred to by) (identifies) (is unit of)
E39: Actor Notes regarding record Processing survey data, The physical plan, be it paper qualified by (was used for) (performed)
completion including identification and based or digital Information Domain (V9)
interpretation of anomalies EH_E0031 EH_E0033 EH_E0077 EH_E0032
EH_E0077
EH_E0079 EH_E2008 EH_E0082
ContextFindProductionEvent ContextFindProductionEvent ContextFindProductionEvent ProjectTeamMemberRole Timestamp BulkFindItemRemovalEvent
Location Timespan TimespanAppelation
CfAProjectTimespan EHProject
P128: carries E52: Time-span P4: has time-span E7: Activity
(in time span of) A project as defined by EH Link to other project based E53: Place E52: Time-span E49:Time Appelation
E55: Type E2: Temporal Entity P40: observed dimension P2: has type P14: carried out by P4: has time-span E80: Part Removal
P3: has note P94: has created resources Timestamp (was observed in) (is type of) (performed) (is time-span of) The act of taking a find from a
Spot dates bulk finds object
P14: carried out by (was created by) (is carried by)
(performed) EH_E0021 EH_E0001 EH_E0095 EH_E0038 EH_E0039 EH_E0078 EH_E0091CfA2011
ContextFindMeasuementEvent BulkFindComponentCount
RecordDrawing AreaOfInvestigationDepiction
Timestamp
E16: Measurement Event
E36: Visual Item P113: removed P112: diminished P57: has number of parts E60: Number
E47: Spatial Coordinates
P67: refers to P80: end is qualified by E62: String P7: witnessed P87: is identified by A spatial entity P7: took place at P4: has time-span P14.1: in the role of P80: end is qualified by Measurements: length, width, (was removed by) (was diminished by)
Interpretive plans and (is referred to by) Timestamp (took place at)(identifies) (is time-span of) diameter, weight, etc
drawings
EH_E2020 EH_E0020
EH_E0016 EH_E0019
EH_E0091
IdentifiedFeature AreaOfInvestigation ContextFindProductionEvent ProjectTeamMember ContextFindConditionState ContextFindConditionAssess ContextFindConditionAssess BulkFind BulkFindsAssessment ContextFindUseEventRecord
mentEventTimespan mentEventType NoteType
E53: Place Allows us to talk about
E53: Place E12: Production Event E39: Actor E3: Condition State E19: Physical Object E13: Attribute Assignment
Link to Conservation
Identified anomalies and P7: witnessed The archaeological site as Link to geophysics how the find was Some event must have E52: E55: Type Specialist finds assessments P140: assigned attribute to detailed assessment of pottery, E55:Type
(took place at) defined in the PD, the specific constructed, when and by and bulk finds assessments (was attributed by) as per pottery record form Type used to structure notespatterns area of investigation in the whom produced the object
by material eg ‘certainty’
accompanying description
EH_E0074 EH_E0003 EH_E1002 EH_E0077 EH_E0029 EH_E0027 EH_E0028 EH_E0010 EH_E2021 EH_E0045
ContextFindUseEventTime
GroupEventRecordNoteType GroupingPhasingProcedure IdentifiedFeatureDepiction DepictionEvent ArchaeologicalSite
P9: was intended use of span
E27: Site
Type used to structure notes Grouping/phasing P87: is identified by E47: Spatial Coordinates E65: Creation Event P89: falls within P58: has section definition Link to other project based P108: has produced P14: carried out by P35: has identified P4: has time-span P2: has type P39: measured
Drawing, including on-site drawing EH_P4: depicts (contains) (definessection) The archaeological site as resources (was produced by) (performed) (identifed by) (is time-span of) (is type of) (was measured by)
E55: Type E29: Design or Procedure E52: Time-span P3.1:has type
defined in other systems
eg ‘certainty’ methodology (identifies) and detailed finds drawing eg Avebury Henge
EH_E0002 EH_E0099
EH_E0069 EH_E0073 EH_E0075 EH_E2010
P4: has time-span
(is time-span of)
ContextStuff RecordPhotograph ContextFindConditionAssess ContextFindUseEvent ContextFindUseEventRecord
GroupingPhasingEvent RecordDrawingSheet
mentEvent Note
Assertions E84: Information Carrier E7: Activity
P138: represents E38: Image P9: consists of P34: concerned
P3.1: has type P15: was influenced by E65: Creation Event relating to validity The physical plan, be it paper P94: has created E18: Physical Stuff
E14: Condition Assessment unctional or use aspect of P67: refers to P3:has note E62:String
(was assessed by)
(influenced) The process of grouping and of attributes assigned based or digital (was created by) (forms part of) Assessments of conditions as finds, an activity in the past (is referred to by) Notes regarding record
phasing eg date goes here in the compilation and dating process
SiteSubDivisionDepiction per conservation
record of the event, not EH_E0082 EH_E0008 EH_E0017 EH_E2012 EH_E1005 EH_E0044
EH_E2004 the event itself ie we know E47: Spatial Coordinates
the event happened at P67: refers to
A spatial entity
some exact time that we (is referred to by)
GroupEventRecordNote can only approximate and RecordDrawing SiteSubDivision ContextFindTreatmentType ContextFindTreatmentProce ContextFindTreatmentLocation ContextFindUID
it is not the exact time but ProjectTeamMemberRole ContextFindUseEventRecord
our approximation we EH_E0088 dure
E55: Type E53: Place E42: Object IdentifierE62: String P3: has note P94: has created wish to express P128: carries E73: Information Object P67: refers to E53: Place P87: is identified by E55: Type E31: Document
Notes regarding the grouping (was created by) certainty about (is carried by) Plans and sections; (is referred to by) Site sub-divisions (identifies) General type of treatment E29: Design or Procedure Either on-site or off-site Small find number Value = “finds specialist” Record of assessment of use P94:has created
and phasing ie record drawings undertaken Reference to specific (was created by)
SiteSubDivisionAppelation methodology
EH_E0068 EH_E0016 EH_E0004 EH_E0042 EH_E0041 EH_E0040 EH_E0043
E48: Place Name EH_E0015EH_E0078
eg “trench1”
GroupStuff
EH_E0087 ContextNoteType
E18: Physical Stuff P53: has former or Context as place: Notes on context and P32: used general
P67: refers to current location P67: refers to P89: falls within physical relationships fall other attributes not E55: Type technique P33: used specific P7: took place at P37: assigned
(is referred to by) P14.1: in the role of
location of)
(is former or current (is referred to by) (contains) out easily needing further structure (was technique of) technique (witnessed)(was assigned by)
(was used by)
EH_E0006 EH_E0047
ContextNote ContextFindMaterial ContextFindTreatmentEvent ContextFindIdentifierAssign ProjectTeamMember ContextFindUseAssessment
mentEvent Event
Recursive grouping E39: Actor P42 assigned E17: Type Assignment
P67.1: has typeP67.1: has type Context as place: P122: borders with P3: has note E62: String P3.1: has type E57: Material E11: Modification Event
(was asigned by) E7:Activity P14: carried out by
Finds treatments E15: Identifier Assignment
(is type of)(is type of) how do we model ‘same as’ Finds are given a UID as a Assessment of object (performed)
primary reference number use/function
EH_E0046 EH_E0030 EH_E2003 EH_E2013 EH_E2014
EH_E0077
ContextSheet GroupEventRecord RecordDrawingReferenceType Provides ContextUID RecordPhotographNote ProjectTeamMember
grouping mechanism; a
E84: Information Carrier E73: Information Object P89: falls within E55: Type group is simply a place E48: Place Name E62: String P45: consists of P31: has modified P36: registered
The physical context sheet which Group documentation (contains) Value=”Plan drawing of” or made up of other places. Context number P14: carried out by P41: classified E9: Actor
(is incorporated in) (was modified by) (was registered by)
exists in reality and must be (performed) (was classified by)
“Section drawing of” Also for spits/gridded
managed as a physical object divisions of contexts
EH_E0013 EH_E0011 EH_E0081 EH_E0083EH_E0061 EH_E0077
GroupEventTimespan Group Context ContextDepiction ContextFindClassificationEvent ContextFindGeneralUse ContextFindIntendedUse ContextFind
E52: Time-span P128: carries P67: refers to P67: refers to E53: Place P89: falls within E53: Place P87: is identified by E47: Spatial Coordinates
(is carried by) (is referred to by) (is referred to by) (contains) The context, a place defined (identifies) A spatial entity P3: has noteE17: Type Assignment E55: Type E55: type E19: Physical Object P14.1: in the role of
Classification of finds
structures) or surface (cuts)
by a volume (deposits,
EH_E0070 EH_E0005 EH_E0007 EH_E0022 EH_E0096 EH_E0097 EH_E0009EH_E2002
RecordPhotograph ContextFind ProjectTeamMemberRole
P1: is identified by P4: has time-span P7: witnessed P41: classified P67: refers to E38: Image P67: refers to E19: Physical Object
P101: had as general use P103: was intended for E55: Type
(identifies) (is time-span of) (took place at) (was classified by) (is referred to by) Record photographs (is referred to by) Finds P16: used specific object
(was used for) (was use of) (was intention of)
EH_E0017 EH_E0009 EH_E0078
EH_P3: occupied
GroupEventTimespanAppel GroupEvent GroupEventType
ation SimpleNameAssignmentEvent RecordPhotographReference DepictionEvent
E5: Event E55: Type
E49: Time Appelation The sequence of development ie P2: has type Values drawn from controlled E17: Type Assignment Type
E65: Creation Event
Simple name assigned by E55: Type P67.1: has type P94: has created Photography P41: classified
used for phasing eg construction, phase definitions eg
Phases sub-group and group activities (is type of) vocabulary of acceptable
(was classified by)
excavator Value = “Record Photograph of” (was created by)
EH_E0071 use and disuse events construction/use/disuse
EH_E1003 EH_E0072 EH_E2019 GroupStuff P67: refers to EH_E0085 EH_E2010
(is referred to by)
E18: Physical stuff
ContextFindDepositionEvent
P87: is identified by P14: carried out by EH_E0006 E9: Move
P26: moved by Find deposition event P25: moved
(identifies) (performed) (was destination of) (moved by)
P30: transferred
EH_E1004 P25: moved custody of
(moved by) (custody transferred
through)
Timestamp
GroupDepiction GroupUID ProjectTeamMember Provides ContextRecord ResponsibleAgent ResponsibleAgent StorageLocation StorageLocation
E39:Actor E39:Actor
grouping mechanism; P79: beginning is qualified E62: String
Allows us to talk about how
P114: isequal in time to P114: is equal in time to E47: Spatial Coordinates E48: Place Name E39: Actor P7: witnessed a group is simply physical E73: Information Object P128: carries Actor in this instance being an Actor in this instance being an E53:Place E53:Place by Timestamp
(took place at) stuff composed of other The context record (is carried by) the find came to be in a organisation rather than an organisation rather than an The new location of an object The present location of an
individual, although may be an individual, although may be an or records object or records ContextStuffMeasurementEvent
physical stuff context individual individual EH_E0091
Timespan
EH_E0077EH_E0093 EH_E0092 EH_E0048 EH_E0086 EH_E0086 EH_E0089 EH_E0089 P4: has time-span E52: Time-span
(is time-span of)
Timestamp
ProjectTeamMemberRole EH_E0055
ContextSheet ContextStuffNote ContextStuffNoteType
E84: Information Carrier E62: String E55: Type P28:custody P80: end is qualified by E62: String
Timestamp
P46: is composed of The physical context sheet which Inclusions, use multiple fields for P3.1: has typeP115: finishes P115: finishes E55: Type P14.1: in the role of surrendered by P28:custody recorded by P26:moved to P27:moved from
(is finished by) (is finished by) (forms part of) exists in reality and must be inclusion type, proportion, etc (surrendered custody (recorded custody through) (was destination of) (was destination of)
EH_E0091
through)
EH_E0078
managed as a physical object
EH_E0013 EH_E0059 EH_E0060
Group Stuff TransferObjectEvent ContextStuffMeasurement ContextStuffMeasurementUnit
P116: starts P116: starts P67: refers to P3: has note EH_P1: is trace of E18: Physical Stuff E9: Move E54: Dimension P91: has unit E58: Measurement Unit
E10: Change of custody P40: observed dimension
(is started by) (is started by) (is referred to by) (is unit of)
Covers the transfer of objects (was observed in)
as well as records
ContextEvent
EH_E0054 EH_E0057
E5: Event EH_E0006 EH_E2009
E63: Beginning of Exsistance P92: brought into
existence
P4: has time-span Context formation (deposition)
(is time span of) event followed by O..n (was brought into existence
transformation events by) ContextStuff ContextStuffMeasurementEvent ContextStuffMeasurementEvent ContextStuffMeasurementValue
EH_E1001 Type
E18: Physical Stuff P39: measures E16: Measurement Event E60: Number
P117: occurs during P117: occurs during The physical matter which Measurements: length, width, P2: has type E55: Type P90: has value
(includes) (includes) exists in the place we call a (was measured by) depth, diameter, orientation, etc. (is type of)
context, can be grouped EH_E056
EH_E2016 EH_E0058
ContextEventTimespan EH_E0008
EH_E0025
E52: Time-span P12: occured in the
presence of
ContextEventRecord GroupStuff ContextSampleMeasurement ProjectTeamMember ProjectTeamMemberRole
Type
P14: carried out by E39: Actor E55: Type
P14.1: in the role of
P118: overlaps in time with P118: overlaps in time with P114: isequal in time to P67: refers to Context record
E73: Information Object P13: destroyed P112: diminished Does not apply to E18, EH_P4: depicts E18: Physical stuff Value = “finds specialist”
E55: Type (performed)
(is overlapped in time by) (is overlapped in time by) (is referred to by) (was destroyed by) (was diminished by) only man-made stuff
ContextSampleMeasurement
EH_E0077 EH_E0078
EH_E0012 EH_E0006 EH_E0050 Unit
GroupStuff
P91: has unit
P1: is identified by E18: Physical Stuff
(is unit of) E58: Measurement Unit
(identifies)
ContextSamplingEvent DepictionEvent ContextSampleMeasurement EH_E0051
EH_E0006
P119: meets in time with P119: meets in time with E80: Part Removal E65: Creation Event P2: has type E54: Dimension
P115: finishes P128: carries P3: has note P94: has created P9: consists of EH_P4: depicts (is type of) Can be any kind of
(is met in time by) (is met in time by) (is finished by) (is carried by) (was created by) (forms part of) Taking a sample measurement including a
dendro/RC date, a volume etc. ContextSampleMeasurement
lation
ContextEventTimespanAppe
EH_E2010EH_E2006 EH_E0049 Value
P90: has value
E49: Time Appellation E60: Number
Stratigraphic sequence
ContextSheet ProjectTeamMember ProjectTeamMemberRole
EH_E0026 Assertions EH_E0052
P120: occurs before P120: occurs before E84: Information Carrier
P116: starts relating to validity P113: removed P14: carried out by E39: Actor P14.1: in the role of E55: Type P40: observed dimension
of attributes assigned
(occurs after) (occurs after) Value= “environmental
(is started by) eg date goes here in the (was removed by) (performed) specialist” or “dendro specialist” (was observed in)
record of the event, not or “excavator”
the event itself ie we know
EH_E0013 EH_E077 EH_E0078
the event happened at
some exact time that we
can only approximate and
it is not the exact time but ContextSampleProcessing ProjectTeamMember ProjectTeamMemberRole FlotationSampleResidueMea
our approximation we Event surementUnit
Phasing accomplished Event relationships wish to express
through grouping described using Allens Strat sequence builds up P117: occurs during P39: measures E17: Type Assignment P14: carried out by E39: Actor P14.1: in the role of E55: Type P91: has unit P9: consists of Describes component
certainty about
(was measured by) E16:Measurement Event
operators through sequence of events (includes) eg dendro specialist, RC lab, (is unit of) E58: Measurement Unit (forms part of) activities that make up
Sample quantified, classified (performed) environmental specialist, on- excavation
and measured site environmental person
EH_E077 EH_E0078 EH_E0065
EH_E2015
ContextEventRecordNote ContextExcavationEvent ContextSample FlotationSampleResidueType FlotationSampleResidueMea
surementValue
E62: String E65: Creation Event E18: Physical Stuff
P118: overlaps in time with Notes regarding record E6: Destruction Link to Environmental A sample P41: classified P42 assigned E55: Type P90: has value
(was classified by) (was asigned by) Classification of flot contents E60: Number
Timestamp (is overlapped in time by) compilation Context excavation including and Dating
E62: String excavation record creation
Timestamp P79: beginning is qualified EH_E0023 EH_E2001 EH_E0018 EH_E0067 EH_E0066
by
ContextExcavationEventTim
EH_E0091 espan ContextSampleType FlotationSampleResiduePro FlotationSampleResidueMea FlotationSampleResidueMea
E52: Time-span P4: has time-span cessingEvent surement surementType
(is time-span of) P3.1: has type Excavation destroys P2: has type E55: Type E17: Type assignment
P119: meets in time with physical stuff and creates (is type of) Sample types P39: measures E16: Measurement Event P40: observed dimension E54: Dimensions P2: has type E55: Type
Timestamp (is met in time by) record eg dendro, RC, flot, column (was measured by) Sample residues quantified, (was observed in) (is type of)
EH_E0098
EH_E0053 classified and measured
E62: String P80: end is qualified by EH_E0064 EH_E094
EH_E2018
Timestamp
EH_E0091 ContextEventRecordNoteType FlotationSample FlotationSamplePreocessing FlotationSampleResidue ProjectTeamMember ProjectTeamMemberRole
Event
E55: Type E18: Physical Stuff E18: Physical Stuff E39: Actor P14.1: in the role of E55: Type
P120: occurs before Type used to structure notes Flotation samples P124: transformed E81: Transformation P123: resulted in Sample residues (as P41: classified P14: carried out by
EH_E0024 EH_E0062 EH_E2017 EH_E0063 EH_E077 EH_E0078
appropriate)Sample treatment
(was transformed by) (resulted from) (was classified by) (performed)
(occurs after) eg ‘certainty’
ProjectTeamMemberRole ProjectTeamMember
E55: Type E39: Actor P14: carried out byP14.1: in the role of
Value = “excavator” (performed)
EH_E0077EH_E0078
SURVEY RECORDING
PROJECT INITIATION
THE "SITE"
PHOTO RECORD
CONTEXT RECORD
FINDS DOCUMENTATION
FINDS PROCESSING AND
FINDS TREATMENT
FINDS ASSESSMENT AND
ANALYSIS
CONTEXT EXCAVATION EVENT
GROUPING AND
PHASING
BULK FINDS
PROCESSING
DOCUMENTATION OF CONTEXTS
(DEPOSITION, ETC)
DRAWN RECORDS
This is the link to Research
objectives (EoP 98 etc ) through
ADMIS/RASMIS project code
numbers.
Research objective=E29 Design
or Procedure
WHERE
WHAT
WHEN
WHO
IDENTIFIER
EVENT
TYPE
TIMESPAN
E73:
Facets Labels
FINDS DATING
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