No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results
... It was initially developed for chronic pain management, but it is currently applied to other conditions. 5,6 In formal practices, mindfulness exercises happen in a comfortable, seated posture, and the anchor can be the breathing, body sensations, sounds, and/or thoughts. In informal practices, awareness is encouraged in daily activities, without the need to sit or adopt any formal posture (e.g., mindful walking and mindful eating). ...
... In informal practices, awareness is encouraged in daily activities, without the need to sit or adopt any formal posture (e.g., mindful walking and mindful eating). 5,6 Although several modalities of mindfulness-based interventions are being developed, some characteristics are essential and common to all: they are grounded in theoretical and practical Buddhist traditions combined with scientific evidence, and their focus is to develop the ability of individuals to recognize triggers and alter their behavior by understanding the transient nature of their reactions to experiences. [7][8][9] Several benefits of mindfulness training have already been described in the literature. ...
... As can be seen in ►Table 1, most articles used MBSR as the protocol, following the original description (8 weekly sessions lasting from 2 to 2.5 hours). 5 Kabat-Zinn's objective was to make mindfulness concepts and practices accessible in a Western context through scientific language, with the aim of reducing stress by understanding body sensations through the use of techniques such as body scan and yoga. 5,49 Following MBSR, other mindfulness-based protocols with specific outcomes were developed such as the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), which was the second most commonly used type of intervention in the articles evaluated in this study. ...
Introduction Systematic reviews and metanalyses have shown that mindfulness-based interventions can have positive effects on health, such as reducing anxiety, depression, and chronic pain. However, their effect on sleep-related outcomes is not yet well established. Sleep can be assessed subjectively (questionnaires, sleep logs, self-reporting) and/or objectively (actigraphy, polysomnography, biological markers), and outcomes may differ depending on which type of assessment is used.
Objective In this study, we present a literature overview on mindfulness and sleep, innovatively presenting and discussing studies that address sleep subjectively and objectively.
Methods The search was undertaken using four databases (Pubmed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Psychinfo) in September 2019, and repeated in May 2021.
Studies were analyzed through a two-step process: (1) reading titles and abstracts, and (2) full text analysis that met the review's eligibility criteria, with the final sample comprising 193 articles. We observed a growth in the number of studies published, particularly since 2005. However, this was mostly due to an increase in studies based on subjective research. There is a moderate to nonexistent agreement between objective and subjective sleep measures, with results of subjective measures having higher variability and uncertainty.We identified 151 articles (78%) using an exclusively subjective sleep evaluation, which can cause a misperception about mindfulness effects on sleep.
Conclusion Future studies should place greater emphasis on objective measurements to accurately investigate the effects of mindfulness practices on sleep, although subjective measures also have a role to play in respect of some aspects of this relationship.
... The justification for this difference arises from the process through which mindfulness has become so prevalent during the last decades. Kabat-Zinn (1982, 2003 introduced the scientific lens of mindfulness through his mindfulness-based stress reduction program, which was the first of his several mindfulness-based clinical programs. His practice of mindfulness has become prevalent in the form of different mindfulness-based programs that have been adopted by corporations and organizations around the world that do not include any connotation or discussion of religion or religiousness. ...
... The causal approach, which produces the strongest form of knowledge (Rossiter, 2002), was suitable for this endeavor as mindfulness is a precursor that could be induced through practice (as an interventione.g. meditation; Kabat-Zinn, 1982). ...
... Study 1 examines the effect of practicing mindfulness on mindful consumption. Mindfulness requires individuals to focus on the present rather than the past or the future (Kabat-Zinn, 1982, 2003, and, thus, it posits to increase awareness of maneuvering of consumer buying by marketers and to encourage temperance in consumption (Rosenberg, 2004;Bahl et al., 2016). The causal research approach in this study enables us to ascertain whether practicing mindfulness encourages consumers to engage in mindful consumption. ...
Purpose-Mindful consumption is a popular concept that is often associated with mindfulness and religious faith, but nonetheless, its empirical associations to these remain relatively underexplored. Clarifying the impact of mindfulness and religious faith on mindful consumption is important to delineate their effectiveness in influencing consumers to reconsider consumption decisions (e.g. the need for additional products) given the detrimental effects of mindless consumption (e.g. financial debt, environmental degradation and materialistic culture). The concern about mindfulness potentially being a religious matter can also be resolved through empirical validation. Hence, the purpose of this research is to advance the empirical understanding of how mindfulness and religious faith impact on mindful consumption and whether mindfulness and religious faith are interrelated. Design/methodology/approach-The authors adopt a multistudy approach to scaffold the exploration of mindfulness and religious faith as precursors of mindful consumption. Findings-Study 1 carries out an experiment with undergraduates and demonstrates that mindfulness encourages mindful consumption. Study 2 conducts an offline survey with undergraduates and provides evidence that mindfulness and religious faith independently (i.e. without interacting with each other) encourage mindful consumption. Study 3 uses an online survey of consumers for conceptual replication and reaffirms the findings of Studies 1 and 2 across gender, occupations and household incomes (except middle-income households). Research limitations/implications-The implications of these findings are discussed, wherein mindfulness and religious faith are earmarked as viable avenues for promoting mindful consumption. Originality/value-This seminal attempt uses multiple studies to empirically validate the nature and generalizability of relationships between mindfulness, religious faith and mindful consumption.
... Derived from Buddhist practices, MT has been adapted for use in Western cultures, taking forms such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (combined with Cognitive Therapy for depression relapse prevention), and Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (combined with Relapse Prevention for addiction treatment) Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Marlatt & Gordon, 1985;Teasdale et al., 2000). Typical treatments are roughly 8 weeks in duration, though alternate lengths have been used for targeted uses (Brewer, Mallik, et al., 2011). ...
... Mindfulness training's effectiveness has been investigated for the treatment of pain (Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Kabat-Zinn, Lipworth, & Burney, 1985), anxiety disorders (Evans et al., 2008;Kabat-Zinn et al., 1992;Miller, Fletcher, & Kabat-Zinn, 1995;Roemer & Orsillo, 2002), and depression (Ma & Teasdale, 2004;Teasdale et al., 2000), among other medical conditions, although the methodological quality of early studies was at times suboptimal (Ospina et al., 2008;reviewed in Baer, 2003;Grossman, Niemann, Schmidt, & Walach, 2004;Toneatto & Nguyen, 2007). A recent meta-analysis reported effect sizes of .95 and .97 ...
Humans suffer heavily from substance use disorders and other addictions. Despite much effort that has been put into understanding the mechanisms of the addictive process, treatment strategies have remained suboptimal over the past several decades. Mindfulness training, which is based on ancient Buddhist models of human suffering, has recently shown preliminary efficacy in treating addictions. These early models show remarkable similarity to current models of the addictive process, especially in their overlap with operant conditioning (positive and negative reinforcement). Further, they may provide explanatory power for the mechanisms of mindfulness training, including its effects on core addictive elements, such as craving, and the underlying neurobiological processes that may be active therein. In this review, using smoking as an example, we will highlight similarities between ancient and modern views of the addictive process, review studies of mindfulness training for addictions and their effects on craving and other components of this process, and discuss recent neuroimaging findings that may inform our understanding of the neural mechanisms of mindfulness training.
... Surprisingly, it is not yet clear how much mindfulness is required to obtain positive effects. For adults, the gold standard mindfulness programmes to improve mental health (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulnessbased stress reduction) both recommend 45 min per day of practice, 6 days per week, for 8 weeks (Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Segal et al., 2018). However, there is limited evidence to support the recommendation of such an intensive amount of practice. ...
... Finally, we note that the conventional MBSR programmes were not designed with the intention that a participant would cease practising mindfulness after 8 weeks. Instead, they were intended to inspire a self-driven lifelong practice (Kabat-Zinn, 1982, 2011. Following this point, it might be the case that school-based mindfulness programmes can only provide meaningful improvements in well-being to the minority of students who might be inspired and committed to adhere to a mindfulness practice over the long term, and as a result end up accumulating hundreds of practice hours (Bowles et al., 2022). ...
Recently, the largest test of a school-based mindfulness programme to date, the My Resilience In Adolescence (MYRIAD) trial, found that participating in weekly mindfulness lessons did not improve students’ well-being compared to teaching as usual, with low uptake of recommended home mindfulness practice. One potential explanation for the null result and low uptake is that adolescents might be unlikely to adhere to home mindfulness practice recommendations when choosing between mindfulness and their graded homework or more stimulating activities. Indeed, many studies of school-based mindfulness programmes have reported low adherence to home practice recommendations. Home practice recommendations also create equity issues, as many students may find it difficult to make the time for home mindfulness practice, a factor that is more likely to affect students who are disadvantaged. As such, we argue in this article that research needs to test whether school-based mindfulness programmes that make mindfulness practice time available in the school day result in higher adherence to mindfulness practice recommendations, and whether these programmes are effective at improving student mental health. Unfortunately, very little research has examined how much mindfulness practice is required to obtain meaningful effects. We summarise the small volume of mindfulness dose-response literature to provide guidelines for how much school-based mindfulness practice might be sufficient and provide suggestions for further testing. While making mindfulness practice time available in the school day may be difficult to implement, its efficacy is currently untested. Youth mental health remains a critical issue, providing strong justification for testing whether mindfulness practice made available in the school day results in better outcomes, despite the challenges posed in pursuing this research avenue.
... The concept of "awareness" considered a uniquely human attribute, has been extensively explored in Eastern philosophies and religious beliefs (Özyeşil et al., 2011). Interest in this topic began to grow with the publication of a study based on meditation practices aimed at enhancing individuals' awareness in Eastern societies and their incorporation into psychology (Kabat-Zinn, 1982). ...
... This finding aligns with similar results present in the literature. In two separate studies (Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Kabat-Zinn et al., 1985), researchers applied a mindfulness-based meditation program to patients with chronic pain to educate them on self-regulation. They suggested that such a program could serve as an effective foundation for a behavioral program focused on self-regulation. ...
Self-regulation is at the center of human behavior and lies at the core of a healthy adaptation to life. Self-regulation refers to individuals’ efforts to modify their thoughts, emotions, desires, and actions in line with the goals they want to achieve. Awareness and flexibility are effective cognitive skills for self-regulation. Although self-regulation is a widely researched subject, the variables it is associated with have not been studied much. However, a detailed examination of these relations will contribute to the development of qualified applications in this regard. So, this study examined the relationships among these three variables believed to be effective in individuals’ problem-solving and adaptation to life. For this purpose, answers to the following questions were sought in the study; is there a significant correlation between mindfulness, cognitive flexibility and self-regulation and are mindfulness and cognitive flexibility significant predictors of self-regulation? This study was conducted using a correlational survey model. The population of the study comprises undergraduate students in 2018 and the study’s sample group consists of 506 students. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression analyses were utilized to investigate relationships between variables. According to the regression analysis results, cognitive flexibility and mindfulness have been found to be significant predictors of self-regulation. Accordingly, cognitive flexibility predicts 20% of the variance in self-regulation, while mindfulness predicts 11% of the variance. Furthermore, the results indicate that together, these two variables explain a substantial portion (46%) of the variance in self-regulation. These findings have been evaluated in the context of the relevant literature.
... The purpose of this activity was to get them thinking about positive moments in their work that had significant meaning to them (Meyers et al., 2013). They were introduced to a mindfulness exercise as an introduction to the pre-activity (Lange and Rowold, 2019; Kabat-Zinn, 1982, before they were asked to write a short story about their chosen significant experience. This guided them to, unknowingly, frame their stories in relation to the company mission, vision and values. ...
... In connection with this, activities were included for learning about emotional intelligence (Goleman, 2019;Wagstaff et al., 2013), which is an essential construct for successful leadership and a building block for the ability to create psychological safety (Edmondson, 2019;Brown, 2018). This part included hands-on activities for emotional regulation (Brackett et al., 2011) and subjective understanding of emotional reactions through practising mindfulness (Lange and Rowold, 2019; Kabat-Zinn, 1982) and learning about the nervous system and its impact on who we are in relation to others, the reality we see and the stories we tell (Porges, 2011(Porges, , 2017. ...
Purpose
The purpose of this study consisted of an organisational development intervention in a growing small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) where the top management’s objective was to become an attractive workplace for the next generation of employees. The central problem is how to develop a smart working environment (SWE) based on the needs of this target group. The aim is both practical and theoretical.
Design/methodology/approach
The action research (AR) approach was used as a frame for the organisational learning process. The problem identification, targets and activities were developed in an iterative process together with the management team and employees. Starting from the main problem, a methodological plan was outlined for the intervention, including several instruments for collecting both qualitative and quantitative data. AR is an emergent process in which data, researchers and participants are equally contributing in deciding on the next steps to be taken.
Findings
The theoretical findings pertain to the definition of what an SWE is in this specific context and how it evolved during the intervention period. It is identified as expansive learning of the concept, which is illustrated through the iterative phases allowing for the expansion of understanding and implementing new ways of being, doing and relating in the organisation.
Research limitations/implications
The results are based on a limited and contextually specific sample and are thus descriptive in relation to the organisation subjected to study. Further research is needed to see how the findings are transferable to other contexts.
Practical implications
This study highlights how participative approaches and managerial sensitivity to employees’ needs are valuable for defining and implementing an SWE and how this approach can improve organisational dynamics and contribute to organisational learning.
Originality/value
The study gives insight into factors that the new generation of employees finds most important at work. While prior research on SWE mostly focuses on efficiency and effectiveness framed by digitalisation and workspace, the present findings emphasise the importance of working with the socioemotional dimension at work for ensuring employee sustainability.
... Derived from Buddhist traditions, mindfulness was described as nonjudgmental attention and nonelaborative awareness to experiences in the present moment by Dr. Jon Kabat-Zinn. [22]. Mindfulnessbased interventions (MBIs) internalize mindfulness in speci c forms and aim to foster mindfulness ability. ...
... Mindfulnessbased interventions (MBIs) internalize mindfulness in speci c forms and aim to foster mindfulness ability. As the earliest form of MBI, MBSR was originally utilized to manage chronic pain in Kabat-Zinn's outpatient clinics [22], and subsequently developed as a set of standardized group training courses of 8-10 weeks and daily ≥ 30 minutes of meditation practices [23]. While mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) developed by Tess et al. is a kind of psychotherapy that combines cognitive therapy and mindfulness stress reduction therapy and it is used in clinical practice as adjuvant treatment for depression [24]. ...
Background: Hypertension and prehypertension has been widely recognized as the main contributor of global mortality. Evidence shows mindfulness-based interventions may reduce blood pressure and improve mental health. However, the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on blood pressure and mental health has not been fully understood.
Methods: Potential studies published before May 24th 2023 were identified by searching Embase, Ovid Emcare, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and VIP China Science. Additionally, two grey databases were searched: Mednar, WorldWideScience.org. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool. The random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using Review Man 5.4 software and the key outcomes are presented as mean difference or standard mean difference and the 95% confidential interval.
Results: Searches returned 802 studies in total, of which 12 were included (N = 715). The duration of interventions was 8 weeks in 10 trials and 6 weeks in one trial. Pooled effect sizes indicated reductions in systolic blood pressure (MD = -9.12, 95% CI [-12.18, -6.05], p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (MD = -5.66, 95% CI [-8.88, -2.43], p < 0.001), anxiety (SMD = -4.10; 95% CI [-6.49, -1.71], p < 0.001), depression (SMD = -1.70, 95 %CI [-2.95, -0.44], p < 0.001) and perceived stress (SMD = -5.91, 95 %CI [-8.74, -3.09], p < 0.001) at post-intervention. The findings from subgroup analyses are favorable for MBIs regardless of gender and baseline blood pressure with regard to BP reduction, with a more profound effect observed in participants with higher pre-intervention blood pressure.
Conclusions: The results provide evidence for the positive role of mindfulness-based interventions in hypertension management. More large randomized control trials with sufficient statistical power and long-term follow-up are needed.
Registration: The protocol had been registered with Prospero on October 2nd 2021 (registration NO. CRD42021282504).
... The program is scientifi cally grounded and recommended in treatment protocols for various disorders. It encompasses patients with chronic pain, depression, and other mental disorders (Kabat-Zinn, 1982). Additionally, neurobiological studies (Siegel, 2007) demonstrate that mindfulness off ers numerous physiological benefi ts, including improved well-being, heart, and immune function, and promotes the development of resilience and emotional balance. ...
... Mindfulness-based stress reduction program is now a scientifi cally grounded and proven method initiated by Kabat-Zinn, (1982;2003;2013), widely represented in medical, psychological, psychotherapeutic, and other domains of scientifi c knowledge. However, further development of the scientifi c inquiry required advancements, specifi cally in neurobiological research, as neuroscience can investigate the functioning of neurons and their peculiarities at diff erent levels of organismal and mental activity. ...
The mindfulness practice involves working with internal mental states based on awareness and the ability to be present in the here and now, contributing to stress reduction. Implementing a stress reduction program is highly relevant in the context of the war in Ukraine. Our research focused on internally displaced persons in Ukraine (20 persons) affected by the war's consequences (loss of loved ones, property, housing, and employment). The program spanned 8 weeks and consisted of 8 sessions in a group therapy format. The structure of the group sessions comprised three main components: working with personal emotions, cognitive processing, and using meditation. It was necessary to alleviate emotional tension by helping participants become aware of their feelings and cognitions and prepare them to enter a meditative state effectively. The results of our work showed that before the start of the therapy group, the stress level of the 20 persons, as measured by a subjective introspective scale, was 9 points (ϭ = 0.45; ϭ2 = 0.2), while after its completion, it reduced to 6 points (ϭ = 0.22, ϭ2 = 0.05). Our research results demonstrated that mindfulness practice has a beneficial impact on reducing stress reactions in individuals during times of war and can be successfully applied in the work of clinical psychologists and psychotherapists as a practical approach to addressing and overcoming stressful situations, particularly during the war.
... Η ενσυνειδητότητα, όπως έχει εξελιχθεί στη δυτική Ψυχολογία και Ιατρική, προέρχεται από βουδιστικές στοχαστικές πρακτικές, κυρίως τις παραδόσεις Theravadan της Ταϊλάνδης και της Βιρμανίας. [1][2][3] Η εν λόγω διαδικασία επίγνωσης και συνειδητοποίησης της εμπειρίας της παρούσας στιγμής έρχεται σε αντίθεση με μεγάλο μέρος της καθημερινής μας εμπειρίας, στην οποία συχνά βρισκόμαστε άθελά μας να αφήνουμε τον νου μας να περιπλανηθεί, 4 να δρούμε στον «αυτόματο πιλότο», 5 ή να καταπιέζουμε ανεπιθύμητες εμπειρίες, καταστάσεις που έχουν αποδειχθεί ανεπιθύμητες και επιζήμιες για το άτομο. 6 Μια μελέτη έδειξε ότι ο νους μας περιπλανάται περίπου στο 47% του χρόνου και ότι η περιπλάνηση του νου προβλέπει επακόλουθη δυστυχία. ...
Mindfulness is a concept that refers to the process of attending to and experiencing the present moment with intentional attention, awareness, acceptance, and a non-judgmental attitude. Healthcare professionals face difficult situations in their workplace and experience stress and pressure. Mindfulness is a means of promoting the well-being of healthcare professionals, exerting a preventive effect on the negative psychosomatic health effects caused by occupational stress and burnout. The benefits of mindfulness for healthcare professionals include reducing levels of stress, depression and burnout. It also contributes to the cultivation of empathy and the development of resilience. Those who engage in mindfulness practices have better self-care, empowerment, focus, spirituality, awareness of self and emotions, satisfaction with self and accomplishments, emotional intelligence, and self-control. Overall, it contributes to their well-being and self-improvement by enhancing the feeling of personal fulfillment. Healthcare professionals can engage in mindfulness practices such as Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). Enhancing the education of healthcare professionals in mindfulness and integrating mindfulness into the lives of healthcare professionals will positively impact their quality of life, clinical skills and, ultimately, patient outcomes.
... The core components of mindfulness, which include being fully aware and non-judgmentally accepting of one's present experiences, are considered potentially powerful remedies for various types of psychological distress, such as depression, anxiety, rumination, worry, fear, anger and others. These distressing emotions often result from unhealthy patterns of trying to avoid, suppress, or excessively engage with them [8][9] . ...
Mindfulness, a psychological construct gaining significant attention in contemporary psychology, originates in ancient traditions. This study aims to shed light on the inception of mindfulness by exploring its profound roots to achieve a deeper understanding of the evolutionary journey of ancient wisdom. Through comprehensive conceptual and historical review, the origin of mindfulness is revisited, uncovering its multifaceted essence. Mindfulness was expounded by referring to its original Pali term, sati, which was decoded to memory. The conventional description of mindfulness differs from its modern interpretation, as the Buddhist viewpoint emphasizes its role in alleviating unnecessary suffering by nurturing a comprehension of the minds mechanisms and the fundamental nature of the material world to pave the way to attain inner tranquility and liberation and awakening.
... Since the only significant difference between the meditation and control conditions in the current study was a greater increase in state mindfulness in the meditation conditions, it is possible that acute changes in state mindfulness, and not acute changes in affect, could be a proximal mechanism of action by which MBIs exert their beneficial effects on mental wellbeing, as other have previously suggested [43][44][45] . Indeed, while one study on MBIs did not support the mediating role of state mindfulness 17 , other studies have found that state mindfulness mediates a variety of positive outcomes of both single-and multi-session MBIs, including positive emotions, hope, gratitude, trait mindfulness, and psychological distress [46][47][48] . ...
We aimed to elucidate the effects of “dose” of a single-session of mindfulness meditation on state mindfulness and affect as well as moderators of effects. 372 adults recruited remotely via Amazon’s MTurk platform were randomly assigned to either a: 10-min mindfulness meditation, 20-min mindfulness meditation, 10-min control, or 20-min control. Control conditions were recordings of a National Geographic article. Primary outcomes were changes in state mindfulness, anxiety, and negative and positive affect. Moderator variables included neuroticism, trait mindfulness, and prior meditation experience. Collapsing across doses, participants in mindfulness conditions reported greater increases in state mindfulness than in control conditions. There was a greater increase in state mindfulness in the 10-min mindfulness condition versus 10-min control condition. There were no differences between 10- and 20-min mindfulness conditions. Exploratory moderation analyses indicated that meditation (10 or 20) versus control (10 or 20) predicted increased state mindfulness among participants with lower trait mindfulness. Additionally, 20-min versus 10-min meditation predicted greater decreases in state anxiety among individuals with high trait mindfulness. Dose–response relationships were minimal, suggesting that 10 and 20 min of meditation may improve state mindfulness comparably. Findings support the benefits of brief mindfulness meditation and suggest that trait mindfulness moderates certain outcomes.
... hurt and suffering) of the pain experience can be reduced through this disentanglement. 18 This is particularly helpful in the context of chronic pain, due to the persistent and often lifelong nature of the experience. A significant body of work supports the efficacy of MBSR in reducing the adverse impact of chronic pain stemming from migraines, 19,20 lower back injuries, [21][22][23] and other conditions. ...
Objective:
Chronic pain is a critical public health issue affecting approximately 20% of the adult population in the United States. Given the opioid crisis, there has been an urgent focus on non-addictive pain management methods including mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Prior work has successfully used MBSR for pain management. However, ensuring longitudinal engagement in MBSR practices remains a serious challenge. In this work, we explore the utility of a voice interface to support MBSR home practice.
Methods:
We interviewed 10 mindfulness program facilitators to understand how such a technology might fit in the context of the MBSR class and identify potential usability issues with our prototype. We then used directed content analysis to identify key themes and sub-themes within the interview data.
Results:
Our findings show that facilitators supported the use of the voice interface for MBSR, particularly for individuals with limited motor function. Facilitators also highlighted the unique affordances of voice interfaces, including perceived social presence, to support sustained engagement.
Conclusion:
We demonstrate the acceptability of a voice interface to support home practice for MBSR participants among trained mindfulness facilitators. Based on our findings, we outline design recommendations for technologies aiming to provide longitudinal support for mindfulness-based interventions. Future work should further these efforts toward making non-addictive pain management interventions accessible and efficacious for a wide audience of users.
... Farkındalığın yüksek algısal duyarlılıkla işaretlenen bu temel yönü, coğrafi ve zamansal sınırları aşarak Batı psikolojisi alanında silinmez bir iz bırakmıştır. Özellikle, Jon Kabat-Zinn'in 20. yüzyılın sonlarındaki öncü çalışmaları, özellikle de çığır açan farkındalık temelli stres azaltma programının başlangıcı, farkındalığın Batı entegrasyonunda önemli bir kilometre taşını temsil etmektedir (Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Ludwig ve Kabat-Zinn, 2008;Körükçü ve Kukulu, 2015). Kabat-Zinn'in katkıları, bilinçli farkındalığı karmaşık dikkat düzenleme süreçlerini, beden farkındalığını ve kabul, şefkat ve tepkisizlik ile karakterize edilen farklı bir tutumun geliştirilmesini kapsayan çok yönlü bir bilişsel çerçeve olarak aydınlatmıştır (Kabat-Zinn, 2003;Düşünceli ve Demirel, 2023). ...
İnsan sağlığına doğrudan etki eden hizmet sunumlarına bağlı olarak acımasız karmaşıklıkların, affetmeyen baskıların ve sürekli dönüşümün potasında yer alan sağlık örgütleri, çalışanlarının iş tatminini sürekli sağlama ve buna bağlı olarak da çalışanlarını elde tutma zorunluluğundadır. Sağlık örgütlerindeki çalışanların potansiyel problemlerinin, verilen hizmeti ve dolayısıyla insan sağlığını doğrudan etkileyeceği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, insan kaynağının işleri ile ilgili tatminsizlik sorunlarının engellenmesi gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle hazırlanan araştırmada bilinçli farkındalık ve ego sağlamlığının sağlık çalışanlarının iş tatminine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, İstanbul’daki kamu ve özel hastanelerde çalışan 456 sağlık çalışanı örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Veriler SPSS 22.00 aracılığı ile regresyon analizleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre bilinçli farkındalık ve ego sağlamlığı iş tatminini artırmaktadır. Bu bulgu, sağlık örgütlerinde bilinçli farkındalık müdahalelerinin etkin bir şekilde yönetilmesi ve ego sağlamlığını artırıcı stratejiler belirlenmesi ile yüksek tatmine sahip çalışanların örgütte konumlanacağını ve buna bağlı olarak da insan sağlığına doğrudan etki edecek sağlık hizmet kalitesinin artacağını ortaya koymaktadır
... . Different mental health interventions and therapies have incorporated mindfulness into their regimes, such as the mindfulness-based stress reduction technique (Kabat-Zinn, 1982, 2003Kabat-Zinn et al., 1985, 1986, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (Segal et al., 2018), and dialectical behavior therapy (Linehan, 1993(Linehan, , 2018. All those interventions have been successful in improving mental health (Hofmann et al., 2010;Kabat-Zinn, 2003). ...
Objectives: Mindfulness-based interventions are common in contemporary mental health practices. Hence, the assessment
of mindfulness is necessary during those interventions, and the 39-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) is
one of the most frequently used tools. As there is a scarcity of mindfulness scales for Bangla-speaking people, we translated
this questionnaire into Bangla and validated it with a Bangladeshi community sample.
Method: We collected data from 532 Bangladeshi adults (mean age=30.22; SD=5.19), of which 390 were females and 142
were males. The participants completed FFMQ-Bangla, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, Emotional Intelligence
Scale, Depression Scale, and Openness and Neuroticism sub-scales of the Big Five Personality Inventory. Item response
theory–based analysis evaluated the item quality of the Bangla FFMQ. Confrmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory
structural equation modeling (ESEM) assessed the scale’s structural validity.
Results: Item response theory–based analysis discarded 10 items. Both CFA and ESEM supported the five-faceted model
(CFA: CFI=0.94; TLI=0.94; ESEM: CFI=0.99; TLI=0.99) and indicated satisfactory reliability for the remaining 29-item
scale (≥0.80). ESEM revealed two general components (self-regulated attention and orientation to experience) encompassing the five facets (CFI=0.99; TLI=0.93). All those facets exhibited positive correlations with the Mindfulness Attention
Awareness Scale, Emotional Intelligence Scale, and the Openness trait and negative correlations with Depression and the
Neuroticism trait, revealing the scale’s concurrent validity.
Conclusions: Since the FFMQ-Bangla has exhibited satisfactory reliability and structural and concurrent validity, we recommend that researchers and mental health practitioners use this scale to assess mindfulness among Bangla-speaking people.
Preregistration: This study is not preregistered
... Meditation is a concept derived from the Buddhist tradition that refers to a mental practice encompassing a wide range of techniques and approaches to train the mind to achieve a specific state of focused attention, relaxation, and heightened awareness (Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Baer, 2003). Meditation is "a form of mental training that aims to improve an individual's core psychological capacities, such as attention and emotional self-regulation" (Tang et al., 2015, p.213). ...
Objective: The aim of this natural multi-case study (monks and nuns from first, monks from second monastery, beginners) was to investigate the bioelectric activity of brain during zen meditation with monks and nuns in their natural monastic environment.
Methods: The participants were practitioners permanently residing in Vietnamese zen monasteries: Truc Lam Tay Thien and Truc Lam Thuong Chieu. The measurements were carried out using a commercial 4-channel BrainBit Flex mobile cap during both morning and evening meditation sessions.
Results: The results indicate that meditation is characterized by a deepened state of relaxation on the one hand and increased alertness on the other. This is reflected in the relatively highest intensity of the alpha range mainly in frontal areas and, to a lesser extent, in the theta and high beta ranges. It is worth noting that these effects deepen with the meditation progression process and remain consistent across advanced meditators (a stable increase in the alpha and a decrease in beta and theta range) apart from beginners (the average intensity of activation at the very beginning to the lowest at the end and a stable decrease in all frequency ranges).
Conclusions: Although there is still much to uncover the neurocognitive underpinnings of meditation, the use of commercial EEG equipment can contribute to our understanding of consciousness, which encompasses both awareness and attention. It can also assist practitioners in developing their skills and obtaining other benefits.
Keywords: meditation, EEG, Vietnam, psychology
... One explanation is that the mindfulness ability acquired during pregnancy, such as awareness and acceptance of the present and no judgment, is transferred to the perception of pain during labor. Kabat-Zinn also used mindfulness to relieve pain (Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Kabat-Zinn et al., 1985). Another reason may be that participants rated the delivery pain 6 weeks postpartum. ...
Objectives
This study aimed to test the effects and feasibility of a mindfulness-based Guqin music intervention (MBGI), administered during pregnancy, on postpartum anxiety and depression.
Method
Eighty-seven pregnant women, each identified with anxiety and depression, were randomly allocated to one of three groups: 4-week MBGI, Guqin music intervention, or a control group. The participants completed questionnaires on mindfulness, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality at baseline, postintervention, and 6 weeks after delivery. We assessed the feasibility of the intervention by evaluating participant adherence, satisfaction, and any potential difficulties post-intervention.
Results
The results of the linear mixed model showed that there was a significant treatment-by-time interaction effect in mindfulness (F = 15.658, p < 0.001), anxiety (F = 14.883, p < 0.001), and depression (F = 27.795, p < 0.001) but no significant effects on sleep quality (F = 1.239, p = 0.297). Moreover, decreases in anxiety (b = -0.426, p < 0.001) and depression (b = -0.134, p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with the improvement in mindfulness.
Conclusions
MBGI, applied during pregnancy, contributes to a decrease in postpartum anxiety and depression, potentially by enhancing mindful attention and awareness. Feasibility outcomes illustrate that MBGI as an intervention for postpartum negative emotions is feasible and well accepted. This study thus proposes a brief, clinically applicable, mindfulness-based music intervention.
Preregistration
The pilot trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000035242; 4/8/2020).
... Secular mindfulness-based interventions include many of the elements of traditional mindfulness without the cultural or religious aspects (Zhang et al., 2021). John Kabat-Zinn (1982) is considered the most influential figure in the acceptance of mindfulness as a secular practice. Mindfulness has been integrated into various forms of psychotherapy, including cognitive behavior therapy (MBCT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT; Hick, 2009). ...
The Jesuit Examen is a form of prayerful reflection on daily experiences that was introduced five centuries ago by St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus (better known as the Jesuits). The Examen may be utilized by diverse populations when adapted and secularized, which can be completed by substituting the language of God in the original Examen for more inclusive terms such as “love.” Although five centuries old, the 10–15-min daily reflective practice has not been subject to empirical research. Furthermore, research has not explored the effects of the Examen on psychological health and well-being in a workplace setting. Other religious practices, including mindfulness and yoga, are important and religiously derived but now secularized interventions that can be utilized in multiple work and other settings. The present pilot study focused on the potential effectiveness of using a secularized version of the Examen in the workplace to determine whether this practice can produce psychological and well-being health benefits, such as stress reduction and improvement in one’s satisfaction with life.
... Es interesante destacar que Moscoso (2018) adopta una actitud cautelosa en torno a los modelos de mindfulness debido a sus modestos y variables resultados. Esta postura del autor se sustenta en su propia experiencia y en los hallazgos de otros investigadores (Hilton et al., 2016;Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Lengacher et al., 2007;Moscoso, Reheiser, & Hann, 2004;Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2002;Teasdale, Segal, Williams, Ridgeway, Soulsby, & Lau, 2000;Zeidan, Gordon, Merchant, & Goolkasian, 2010), los cuales exploran distintas variables dependientes, como dolor, ansiedad, recaídas en la depresión, diferentes formas de cáncer, problemas de alimentación, psoriasis, insomnio, enfermedades coronarias, obesidad, entre otras. ...
El artículo-objetivo de Moscoso (2018) se enfoca en tres temas esenciales: las dificultades de consensuar qué es mindfulness, cómo analizar los resultados obtenidos por los metaanálisis y un intento por definir metodológicamente qué seevalúa cuando se emplea dicho programa. Estos temas son examinados en el presente artículo-comentario. Aunado a esto, se intenta ofrecer una explicación sobre las razones del crecimiento exponencial de los dos modelos de intervenciónen mindfulness comentados por Moscoso (2018) —es decir, la reducción del estrés basada en mindfulness (MBSR, por sus siglas en inglés) y la terapia cognitiva basada en mindfulness (MBCT, por sus siglas en inglés) —.
... The practice of Bhramari Pranayama aligns with other stress reduction techniques, such as mindfulness meditation and progressive muscle relaxation. These techniques share a common objective: to induce the relaxation response, counteracting the effects of the stress response (Kabat-Zinn, 1982). Bhramari Pranayama's effectiveness in achieving this goal is noteworthy, as evidenced by studies showcasing its ability to lower stress markers (Sharma & Balaraman, 2015). ...
This research paper delves into the effects of Bhramari Pranayama, a renowned yogic breathing practice, on stress reduction, cognitive function, and sleep quality. Bhramari Pranayama, often referred to as the "Humming Bee Breath," involves controlled breathing accompanied by a gentle humming sound. This systematic examination draws on a comprehensive review of existing literature and research findings to shed light on the potential advantages of Bhramari Pranayama and its significance for mental wellness and sleep enhancement. The paper initiates with a background discussion on Bhramari Pranayama, elucidating its historical and cultural roots. It also underscores the vital importance of stress alleviation, cognitive enhancement, and the improvement of sleep quality in the context of overall well-being. The research aims to fulfill the following objectives: to analyze the existing body of knowledge on Bhramari Pranayama, to summarize the effects of this practice on stress, cognition, and sleep, and to discuss the practical implications of these findings. Introduction:
... Chánh niệm thường được định nghĩa là trạng thái nhận thức và chú ý đến thời điểm hiện tại (Brown & Ryan, 2003;Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Phan & c.s., 2020). Tác động tích cực của nhận thức chú ý chánh niệm đã được chứng minh bằng thực nghiệm trong nhiều nghiên cứu như cải thiện giấc ngủ (Ding & c.s, 2020), sức khỏe tinh thần (Klainin-Yobas & c.s, 2016), chất lượng cuộc sống (Bazzano, 2018) và sự an lạc (well-being) của một cá nhân (Brown & Ryan, 2003;Zimmaro & c.s., 2016). ...
... In the late 1970s, the practical implications of Eastern philosophy began to be studied as a method of improving psychological well-being. J. Kabat-Zinn [47] explored the use of mindfulness meditation in the treatment of patients with chronic pain that led to the development of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) were established on the basis of mindfulness-related principles and practices [48][49][50]. ...
The aim: The paper aims to examine the relationship between philosophy and mental health. Materials and methods: The authors used integrative anthropological approach, interpretive research paradigm, hermeneutical approach. The data collection was carried out using Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar databases. Research papers were identified according to search terms: “mental health”, “philosophy”, “Ancient philosophy”, “Epicureanism”, “Stoicism”, “Eastern philosophy”, “Buddhism”, “Taoism”, “psychology”, “psychotherapy”, “anxiety”, “depression”, “happiness”, “mindfulness”, “meaning in life”. Conclusions: Attempts to cope with life challenges, frustration, fear, anxiety, stress should not be isolated endeavors, but they need to be placed in a wider philosophical context, as far as every issue, including mental health issues, has a philosophical perspective at its core. Such experience can cultivate human strength, self-confidence, awareness, empathy. In times of uncertainty, when we do not know where to go, when we do not understand who we are and what is our purpose on earth, philosophy helps us to find our way. In the most difficult times, philosophy acts as a guiding star and consolation reconciling us with what we are unable to change.
... Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) (Kabat-Zinn 1982) are suggested by the NHS and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for the avoidance and control of stress (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2009). Mindfulness is a procedure of attention training, which shifts a person's relationship to everyday, present-moment experiences. ...
Aim The coronavirus (COVID-19), discovered in early 2020, has spread very rapidly around the world. Since of the numerous modifications made in hospitals to better cope with this infection, COVID-19 has harshly affected the mental and physical health of all labourers involved. Stress and burnout were the issues most commonly faced by healthcare workers (HCWs). To cut work-related stress and work-related burnout in HCWs directly tangled in the COVID-19 pandemic with different strategies. Several studies in the literature demonstrate the efficiency of Yoga, Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI), Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) and Forest Bathing (FB) in improving the mental health of HCWs.
Methods The study will be a randomized clinical trial (RCT), to assess the efficacy of four different interventions based on four types of techniques for improving mental health in HCWs.
Results At the end of the study, thanks to the different strategies and deliveries, the participants, in the four groups, will be able to work on the different psychological aspects with improving life skills, and will be less likely to develop work-related stress and burnout.
Conclusion Opening an easy-to-access and remote training program, steered by specialists in the field, through the creation of an application where the lessons will be uploaded, will allow an increase in the psychological health of the staff tangled, with the purpose of reducing medical faults and increasing standards of care for patients.
... This, however, has not been extensively researched to date. Despite the potential benefits of these programs for patients, several factors may impede participation: first, they are often run separately from the psychiatric treatment environment that patients commute to; second, few facilities offer them; and third, the length of the 2-2.5-h session [24,25] may be burdensome for the patients to take part in the program. Fourth, financial barriers, such as self-paying participation fees, are often not covered by insurance or national healthcare systems [26]. ...
Introduction:
This study examined the efficacy of an 8-week occupational therapy program incorporating mindfulness (MOT) as a form of psychiatric rehabilitation to ameliorate residual social and occupational impairment in patients with anxiety disorders and depression. The objective was to evaluate the effects of MOT on their personal well-being and to assess the impact of MOT on brain function using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG).
Methods:
This study was a randomized, wait-list control trial with assessments performed at baseline, post-intervention (9 weeks), and follow-up (18 weeks) in outpatients with anxiety disorders and depression. The MOT was conducted in small groups, comprising eight weekly 1.5-h sessions. The primary outcome was the mean score change between the pre- and post-interventions with Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR) scale. Other clinical assessments and qEEG served as secondary and biological outcomes, respectively.
Results:
A total of 25 patients (mean age: 44.1) were included in the analysis. The MOT group demonstrated a significantly improved QPR compared to the control group after adjusting for baseline covariates (p < 0.01). This improvement was sustained for 9 weeks after the 8-week intervention. In the qEEG analysis, a significant increase in current source density in the β2 band of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was observed in the MOT group compared to the control group (p < 0.02).
Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that MOT improves subjective well-being and potentially, global function. This suggests that MOT may serve as a viable option for those whose symptoms have abated but who still struggle with social and occupational functioning.
... Inspection of the distributions (Fig. 5) suggested that there was still a good spread of formal practice time, with a range from 0 to 300 min (5 hr) in the week, and a good representation of practice times up to ~ 150 min (2.5 hr). However, our distribution of practice times does not contain a good representation of durations aligned with typical Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) or Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) recommendations (45 min per day for 6 days of the week) (Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Segal et al., 2018). MBSR and MBCT interventions are the most well studied and have the most evidence for their efficacy (Galante et al., 2021); however, lower intensity interventions have also demonstrated evidence of changes in self-compassion and mindfulness (Bailey et al., 2018). ...
Objectives
Online mindfulness programs have become popular due to their increased accessibility compared to face-to-face programs. Although research has demonstrated that face-to-face mindfulness programs can increase trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and prosocial attitudes, fewer studies have explored these outcomes in online programs. This study aimed to test whether an online mindfulness program improved trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and prosocial attitudes, and whether improvements related to self-reported quality and quantity of mindfulness practice.
Method
Repeated-measures ANOVAs compared measures of trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and prosocial attitudes between 209 pre- and post-program survey responses from participants who completed a 4-week online mindfulness program. Regressions were used to test whether the quantity or quality of mindfulness practice predicted changes in these measures, and mediation analyses tested whether associations between mindfulness practice and outcomes were mediated by changes in trait mindfulness.
Results
The study found that participation in the mindfulness program was associated with improved trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and prosocial attitudes (all p < 0.01) and that males showed larger increases in prosocial attitudes (p < 0.05). The study also showed an association between the quality of formal mindfulness practice and improvements in both self-compassion and trait mindfulness (p < 0.01). Lastly, the mediation analysis suggested the association between the quality of formal practice and self-compassion was mediated by changes in trait mindfulness (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
These results suggest online mindfulness programs can lead to improved trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and prosocial attitudes. Our results also indicate that higher self-reported practice quality is related to improved trait mindfulness, and that changes in trait mindfulness mediated improved self-compassion.
Pre-registration
This study was not pre-registered.
... Mindfulness was introduced into pain practice by Kabat-Zinn in the West and has been helping patients cope with chronic pain for more than four decades. [2] It has secured a place in American clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of chronic low back pain. [3] A recent study by the present author and his associates introduced mindfulness for Indian chronic pain sufferers in a clinical setting. ...
... 6 Most mindfulness interventions are based on Jon Kabat-Zinn's Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programme, initially developed for chronic pain patients. 7 Mindfulness interventions appear to be effective for reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in many populations, 8,9 including in healthy individuals. 10,11 In people with cancer, recent meta-analyses concerning mindfulness interventions have demonstrated a significant improvement in psychological distress, and in various psychological and physical symptoms such as anxiety, depression, fear of cancer recurrence, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and pain. ...
People with cancer often experience psychological distress and in addition, the practice of oncology is one of the most stressful areas of medicine for health professionals. Mindfulness meditation has been used to alleviate stress-related symptoms. We therefore ran a pilot study to assess the feasibility of a mindfulness intervention involving cancer patients, health professionals, and third persons together, as part of a comprehensive project aiming to evaluate the added value of ‘meditating together’. Following on from our quantitative analyses of the project, we investigated its qualitative aspects through focus groups to explore the perceptions of participants regarding their experience. Focus groups conducted in 7 patients, 7 health professionals, and 8 third persons after the intervention showed that ‘meditating together’ was generally appreciated, particularly by patients, who found it motivating and a way to relieve their feelings of loneliness in the face of illness. All participants reported better stress management. They also shared benefits and difficulties concerning the practice of meditation and the programme’s modalities. In addition, they all stated that the programme should be lasting. The opinion of the patients (our target population) will be decisive in building an optimized programme that will suit them the best. In conclusion, the protocol and the qualitative findings of the present study validate the rationale for conducting a fully powered randomized trial to demonstrate the potential added value of shared meditation and how it improves well-being by promoting bridge-building between cancer patients, health professionals and others.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT04410185. Registered on June 1, 2020
... Further, the NAIT aims to return participants' affect to baseline following rumination utilizing mindful-based breathing. This technique has not been utilized in the previously mentioned studies and has the individual focus on their breathing to anchor their attention in the present (Arch & Craske, 2006;Kabat-Zinn, 1982). These mindful-based breathing interventions have been observed to anxiety and stress on self-report scales (Crosswell et al., 2017;Ratanasiripong et al., 2015) while also suppressing HR (Mankus et al., 2013). ...
This study investigated the novel Negative Affect Induction Task (NAIT). The NAIT used guided rumination to induce negative affect and was designed to fill the need for a field or remote-based assessment that requires minimal personnel, equipment, and time to administer. Methods: Participants (N = 158, 61.4% Female, Age = 32 ± 12 years,) who self-reported at least mild to moderate generalized anxiety symptoms completed the NAIT and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS). During the NAIT, participants self-reported affect (SRA, worst to best feeling scored − 50 to + 50 using a visual analog scale) and underwent heart rate (HR) measurements at each of the three phases of the NAIT: Baseline, Post-Rumination, and Post-Breathing. Results: Phase-dependent changes in SRA score and HR were observed throughout the NAIT. Negative affect, reported via SRA score, peaked at Post-Rumination and returned to Baseline levels Post-Breathing. Participant HR increased from Baseline to Post-Rumination and remained elevated through the Post-Breathing phase of the NAIT. It was also observed that DASS scores were strongly correlated with SRA scores at Baseline. Conclusions: With phase-dependent changes in SRA and HR and a high degree of correlation with an established clinical measure of negative affect, these findings support the use and validity of the NAIT as a means to induce negative affect in field or remote settings.
... The phrase he uses for this is "unfulfilled potential," which is perceptive and difficult to disagree with. He also notes that while outpatient mindfulness programs, beginning with Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), formerly known at the Stress Reduction and Relaxation Program (Kabat-Zinn, 1982), as well as other mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) and mindfulnessbased interventions (MBIs), have become clinically influential, they have left a minimal footprint within public health. Oman finds this disappointing, as so much potential exists here to do good. ...
This paper is a commentary on Doug Oman’s article entitled, “Mindfulness for Global Public Health: Critical Analysis and Agenda,” published in this issue. The present paper lays out the parameters of how epidemiologists may go about investigating the population-health impact of practices and states of being related to mindfulness meditation. First, it discusses conceptual issues involved in researching mindfulness; second, it summarizes the empirical literature on mindfulness and population health; third, it proposes a new field of study around the epidemiology of mindfulness; and, fourth, it offers some suggestions regarding translation of epidemiologic research findings on mindfulness to public health. To this end, a series of questions is posed in order to provide a starting point for descriptive and analytic epidemiologic research on mindfulness, and the translation or application of such findings in pastoral, clinical, and public health settings is discussed, with examples given. Conducting epidemiologic studies is a natural next step in the emergence of mindfulness and meditation as a subject for health-related research. Moreover, public health can provide a new setting for mindfulness to demonstrate its salutary effects, not just on individual patients in clinical settings but at the population level, in terms of rates of physical and psychological morbidity.
... "Mindfulness" refers to the non-judgmental observation of the ongoing stream of internal and external stimuli as they arise (Baer 2003). Due to the positive effects mindfulness has shown on psychological well-being (Brown & Ryan, 2003;Walach et al., 2006 ), its techniques have since been incorporated in various types of therapies (Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Linehan, 1993;Segal et al., 2002). Reese et al. (2021) conducted an online feasibility and acceptability study on a mindfulness-based intervention for adults with tic disorders. ...
Individuals diagnosed with Tourette's syndrome (TS) often have a diminished quality of life and are prone to mental health challenges, which can affect them and their family members negatively. Unfortunately, accessing face-to-face support for tics can be challenging, thereby creating an opportunity for online interventions to help manage Tourette's symptoms. Relevant literature was identified through the use of specific search terms, including 'Tourette's Syndrome,' 'Technological interventions,' 'Online interventions,' and 'Assistive technology,' across several research databases. Twelve research papers investigating online interventions for Tourette's were identified and selected for the review. Findings showed that behavioral interventions, meditation, and support groups were the primary online interventions used for Tourette's management, for both children and adults with Tourette's. All of the aforementioned interventions have demonstrated favorable outcomes, such as decreased tic severity, improved symptom management, and enhanced well-being. Nevertheless, there is still much to learn about how technology can be optimally utilized in this regard.
... One variable that holds promise for psychological interventions in infertility is mindfulness. Kabat-Zinn (1982) defined mindfulness as the act of focusing one's attention on present-moment experiences without judgment, while cultivating an attitude of acceptance. This practice has been widely used in interventions aimed at treating anxiety, depression, and increase posttraumatic growth (Hofmann and Gómez, 2017;Shiyko et al., 2017). ...
This study assessed the relationship between modifiable psychological variables and depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic growth in women experiencing infertility. U.S. women (N = 457) who identified as experiencing infertility completed standardized self-report measures of mindfulness, self-compassion, positive affect, intolerance of uncertainty, relationship satisfaction, experiential avoidance, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic growth. Clinical and demographic characteristics (age, duration trying to conceive, miscarriage, and childlessness) did not predict depression or anxiety. Lower positive affect and higher experiential avoidance were associated with depression and anxiety. Lower self-compassion was associated with depression; higher intolerance of uncertainty was associated with anxiety. There were indirect effects of mindfulness on anxiety and depression via these variables. Future research should explore whether intervening on these factors reduces depressive and anxiety symptoms. Promoting mindfulness may have beneficial effects on symptoms via its downstream effects on multiple coping variables. Counterintuitively, posttraumatic growth was associated with higher intolerance of uncertainty and experiential avoidance.
... With the growing recognition of ubiquitous stress in modern life, several stress reduction techniques have surfaced during the last few decades. Mindfulnessbased stress reduction (MBSR) is one such approach that emerged in the West in the 1980s by drawing from Buddhist mindfulness meditation [1]. In this technique the mindfulness refers to non-judgementally paying attention to one's sensations, thoughts, emotions and the environment, in the present moment, while embracing openness, curiosity and acceptance [2,3]. ...
Background
Evidence shows that mindfulness-based programs reduce levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Yet, web-based mindfulness has been less studied, especially among university students. We developed a student-centered web-based mindfulness virtual community (MVC) intervention informed by cognitive-behavioral-therapy constructs. MVC comprised of (1) 12 online video-based modules (psychoeducation and practice), (2) anonymous peer-to-peer discussion forums, and (3) anonymous, group-based, 20-min live video conferences by a trained moderator. While the intervention was found effective in reducing anxiety and depression in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), the impact on students’ quality of life remained to be examined. The reported study examined the impact of 8-week long web-based MVC intervention on the quality of life of undergraduate students compared to those in the control group. Participants were recruited from a large Canadian university into a two-arm RCT ( N = 160) and randomly allocated to the web-based MVC intervention ( n = 80) or to the control ( n = 80) group. Participants completed online survey at baseline (T1) and at 8-week (T2). The outcome of quality of life was measured by 16-item Quality of Life Scale (QOLS). The generalized estimation equation (GEE) method with AR(1) covariance structures was used, adjusting for potential covariates.
Results
At the baseline 159 students completed the survey. Participants (32 males, 125 females, 2 other gender) had a mean age of 22.6 years, 57.2% were born in Canada. Participants in MVC ( n = 79) and control ( n = 80) groups were similar in sociodemographic characteristics except hours of volunteer work. At T2 that coincided with students’ exam period, QOLS score for the control group declined while MVC group had a slight increase. Between-group analysis for QOLS score-change showed a significantly higher score at T2 for MVC group compared to the control (81.64, SD = 14.63 vs. 72.9, SD = 17.26, P < 0.001). Per adjusted GEE analysis, the higher QOLS score in MVC compared to the control group was statistically significant ( $$\upbeta$$ β = -2.24, P = .03).
Conclusions
Web-based MVC intervention helped the students to have better quality of life, compared to the control group, at 8-week follow-up despite exam stress. Future research with a longer follow-up would advance understanding.
Trial registration
https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN12249616 Registration Date: 21/06/2017.
... MBIs such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR; Kabat-Zinn, 1982) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT; Teasdale et al., 2000) can improve a broad range of outcomes in adults, including executive functioning, depression, anxiety (Dunning et al., 2019), insomnia (Gross et al., 2011) and irritable bowel syndrome (Zernicke et al., 2013). These MBIs have been adapted for children and adolescents by shortening the mindfulness techniques and using more age-appropriate language and activities (Perry-Parrish et al., 2016). ...
Objectives
This study used data from a randomised controlled trial of a school-based mindfulness programme in the UK to investigate the structure and performance of the 10-item Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM).
Method
The study included 7924 children and adolescents aged 11 to 14 years. Participants provided CAMM data at pre-intervention, 7 months (post-intervention) and 1 year. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of pre-intervention data was undertaken. Multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) models were fitted to pre-intervention responses to investigate differential item functioning across groups defined by gender, year group and ethnicity. Response shift resulting from receiving the mindfulness programme was investigated by fitting MIMIC models to compare item functioning between the intervention and control arms.
Results
EFA results indicated that the 2-factor model was a good fit. Eight items were associated with the first factor, while the remaining two items, which specifically addressed avoiding unwanted thoughts and feelings, were associated with the second factor. MIMIC model findings indicated that girls scored lower (ostensibly less mindful) on 4 items than boys that had the same latent level of mindfulness; as a result of receiving the mindfulness programme, participants scored lower on one item (“At school, I walk from class to class without noticing what I’m doing”) after holding latent level of mindfulness constant.
Conclusions
Findings indicate that the CAMM has a 2-factor structure in the UK in late childhood and early adolescence. While we did observe some differences in how individual items performed across groups, these differences were small compared to the overall variability in the CAMM scores.
Preregistration
Current controlled trials ISRCTN86619085.
... Dans les années 1980, cette pratique suscite l'intérêt chez les psychologues et médecins pour ses effets positifs sur le stress, le bien-être ou les facultés cognitives des individus. Jon Kabat-Zinn 1 , contribue à sa popularisation en développant un protocole de réduction du stress appelé « Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction » (MBSR) (Kabat-Zinn, 1982). La nature même de la mindfulness est cependant discutée en ce qu'elle peut désigner, selon les courants de littérature, « à la fois un trait de personnalité (relativement stable sur le long terme), un état spécifique (résultant d'une pratique méditative), ou une pratique (la méditation de mindfulness proprement dite) » (Black, 2011, p. 109). ...
Cette recherche s’intéresse aux effets de la mindfulness (ou pleine conscience) sur l’empowerment psychologique des managers au travail. L’étude porte sur une expérience de 8 mois, conduite auprès de 13 managers et 35 collaborateurs, dans deux entreprises. Elle montre comment une pratique personnelle visant la libération de l’esprit (la mindfulness) affecte l’empowerment psychologique, concept qui dans le cadre d’une organisation, vise à améliorer la performance des salariés dans l’entreprise. Nous suggérons que ce lien entre mindfulness et empowerment psychologique pourrait renforcer la capacité à agir des managers et être vecteur d’une plus grande conscience critique sur le lieu de travail. Cette recherche fait donc émerger un empowerment « conscient » et en propose une définition. A la lumière de ces résultats, l’étude propose des recommandations liées à la mise en œuvre de la mindfulness en entreprise et en présente les limites.
Neuroelectric and imaging studies of meditation are reviewed. Electroencephalographic measures indicate an overall slowing subsequent to meditation, with theta and alpha activation related to proficiency of practice. Sensory evoked potential assessment of concentrative meditation yields amplitude and latency changes for some components and practices. Cognitive event-related potential evaluation of meditation implies that practice changes attentional allocation. Neuroimaging studies indicate increased regional cerebral blood flow measures during meditation. Taken together, meditation appears to reflect changes in anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal areas. Neurophysiological meditative state and trait effects are variable but are beginning to demonstrate consistent outcomes for research and clinical applications. Psychological and clinical effects of meditation are summarized, integrated, and discussed with respect to neuroimaging data.
O aumento da competitividade nos ambientes organizacionais tem levado ao crescimento do nível de estresse dos profissionais, podendo gerar impactos na produtividade, no clima organizacional, na imagem da empresa, entre outros. Conscientes desse cenário, algumas organizações têm buscado práticas e ferramentas para solucionar essa questão, com foco na manutenção de um ambiente de trabalho saudável. Uma delas práticas é o mindfulness, uma prática meditativa que vem sendo testada e aplicada como meio de combate ao o estresse da vida cotidiana, seja com foco em melhoria da performance ou da qualidade de vida. Esta reflexão apresenta uma discussão sobre diversas abordagens sobre o tema e questiona a efetividade do mindfulness como instrumento de gestão nas organizações.
Peace of mind is an important affective well-being valued in Chinese culture. Mindfulness and self-compassion could potentially promote peace of mind. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects were not well understood. The current cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether nonattachment explained the effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on peace of mind. A sample of 364 Chinese adults was recruited from WeChat, a popular Chinese social media platform. Participants filled out an online survey including measures of dispositional mindfulness, self-compassion, nonattachment, and peace of mind. The results of correlation analyses revealed significant and positive associations among mindfulness, self-compassion, nonattachment, and peace of mind. Furthermore, nonattachment significantly mediated the associations between mindfulness and self-compassion with peace of mind. Moderated mediation analyses indicated that the relationships between mindfulness and self-compassion with nonattachment were stronger for women than for men. Gender did not moderate the direct effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on peace of mind, the relationship between nonattachment and peace of mind, and the mediating effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on peace of mind through nonattachment. These findings suggest that nonattachment may be a potential mechanism through which mindfulness and self-compassion promote peace of mind among Chinese adults. If the mediating effects are confirmed in future longitudinal and experimental studies, mindfulness and self-compassion interventions can emphasize nonattachment to optimize their effects on peace of mind. It may also be important to tailor mindfulness and self-compassion training for men and women given the gender differences in the relationships between mindfulness and self-compassion with nonattachment.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of athlete mindfulness, which is expressed as the ability of athletes to establish a cause-effect relationship without losing the perception of reality in the moments and situations related to sports, on the development of their psychological skills, which is emphasized by sports psychologists to positively affect athlete performance by 85%. This study was designed according to the relational screening and causal comparison methods in order to examine the interaction between the variables. The study group comprised of 362 athletes who can be reached by non-random sampling methods and determined according to the criterion sampling method. As a data collection tool "Athlete Psychological Skills Assessment Scale" developed by Smith et al., (1995) and adapted to Turkish culture by Erhan et al. (2015) was used. Also, “Athlete Mindfulness Scale” developed by Thienot et al. (2014) and adapted to Turkish culture by Tingaz (2020) was used. In the analysis of the data obtained, the demographic variables of the participants were analyzed by correlation and t-test in independent samples, and structural equation model was used in determining the effect of mindfulness levels of athletes on the development of their psychological skills. As a result, it has been concluded that the mindfulness of the athletes is a significant predictor of the development of the psychological skills of the athletes and explains it at the level of .30.
Background: The purpose of this review paper is to present a holistic conceptualization by synthesising mindfulness and sustainable tourism literature. To this end, we conducted an extensive review of the mindfulness and sustainable tourism literature. Objectives: The findings revealed that mindfulness is gaining popularity in the research domain of tourism, especially consumer behaviour. While some recent studies have begun to explore the role of mindfulness in ecological sustainability, there is still a need to integrate all the conceptual frameworks and empirical evidence to understand the research gap, which needs to be analysed further. Methods: This paper also focuses on how mindfulness practise can be employed in the workplace. In this regard, we also explored various theories of behavioural science to understand the possible effect of mindfulness on the attitude, behaviour, and habits of an individual. Statistical Analysis: We argue that this is one of the few review papers that integrates various theories and empirical findings to understand the work that has been done in their relationship. The paper also looks at the attitude-behaviour gap and how mindfulness could help bridge it. Findings: It also shows that there is a lack of academic research in the domain of social and economic sustainability. Applications and Improvements: The paper ends with implications and suggestions for future research.
Contemplative practice has demonstrated benefits for mental health and well-being. Most previous studies, however, implemented in-person trainings containing a mix of different, mostly solitary, practices and focused on pre- to post-training outcomes. In this randomized trial, we explore the immediate differential efficacy of two daily app-delivered practices in shifting emotional (valence, arousal) and thinking patterns (thought content on future-past, self-other, positive–negative dimensions). For 10 weeks of daily training, 212 participants (18–65 years) performed either a novel 12-min partner-based socio-emotional practice (Affect Dyad) or a 12-min attention-focused solitary mindfulness-based practice. Using ordinal Bayesian multilevel modeling, we found that both practice types led to more positive affect and higher arousal. However, whereas mindfulness-based practice partly led to a decrease in active thoughts, particularly in future-, other-related and negative thoughts, the Dyad in contrast led to increases in other-related, and positive thoughts. This shift towards more social and positive thoughts may specifically support overcoming ruminative thinking patterns associated with self-related and negative thought content. Overall, these differential findings may help inform the adaptation of scalable app-based mental trainings in different segments of the population with the goal to improve mental health and well-being.
Introducción En el contexto clínico y académico actual, el término mindfulness ha sido relacionado con las prácticas contemplativas de la tradición budista. En el contexto de la tradición budista, Rhys- Davids utilizó por primera vez el concepto mindfulness como traducción del término sati de la lengua pali (smrti en sánscrito) en 1881 (1). Gethin ya señaló que la utilización de este término no es sorprendente, dadas las aproximaciones anteriores para los términos sati y smrti, y la definición propuesta para el término mindfulness en el Oxford English Dictionary (2). La última década ha supuesto una explosión de la literatura científica referente a las aplicaciones clínicas de mindfulness. En español, no obstante aparece un problema en la traducción de este término. Solamente en el libro “El milagro de mindfulness” de Thich Nhat Hanh, aparecen más de 5 términos diferentes en su versión en español, para referirse a lo que en la versión en inglés denomina mindfulness (3-4). Las traducciones de otros libros considerados referentes, presentan diferentes términos para referirse a mindfulness (5-7). El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis de la literatura científica en España, comparando los diferentes términos utilizados para referirse al término anglosajón mindfulness. Metodología Se analizaron las bases de datos Pubmed, Cuiden, IBECS, IME e ISOC. Los criterios de búsqueda fueron los siguientes: las expresiones “atención consciente”, “atención plena”, “conciencia plena”, “meditación” y “mindfulness”. La búsqueda ha sido limitada a publicaciones realizadas en España, entre los años 2004 y 2013, y cuyo idioma de publicación fuera español. Se analizaron las expresiones y definiciones utilizadas, y si se manifiestan las dificultades en la traducción. Resultados Se analizaron 62 artículos en total. La utilización de la expresión mindfulness está presente en más del 90 % de los mismos. La expresión atención plena aparece en el 43 % y la expresión conciencia plena en el 40 %. En un 20 % de los casos se explicita la dificultad de la traducción al castellano. 40 de los artículos utilizan al menos una definición para mindfulness. La más utilizada es la de Kabat-Zinn, en 26 de ellos (41’9 % del total). 4 de los artículos proponen una definición propia. Por años de publicación, el pico de producción se produce en los años 2010- 2011 con 14 artículos cada uno, apareciendo una disminución a partir de ese momento. Discusión y conclusiones No se encuentran artículos que realicen un análisis de la utilización de estos conceptos en español. Sin embargo, algunos de los propios artículos analizados indican la dificultad en la traducción del término. La expresión en castellano más utilizada es “atención plena”, y la definición más utilizada es la propuesta por Kabat-Zinn. Sería oportuno ampliar la revisión a revistas no españolas, comparando la terminología utilizada. La tendencia descendente en el número de publicaciones no coincide con la tendencia internacional, y debería analizarse según el contexto de exigencia curricular en nuestro entorno. Otra línea podría ser el análisis del lenguaje utilizado por la población general, con el fin de mejorar la comunicación entre la comunidad académico-clínica, y los usuarios potenciales.
Introducción y Objetivos Los trastornos mentales suponen una importante carga de enfermedad en la adolescencia y generan altos costes sociosanitarios (1). Las intervenciones basadas en atención plena (mindfulness), concepto que se define como prestar atención de manera consciente a la experiencia del momento presente con interés, curiosidad y aceptación (2); han demostrado ser efectivas para mejorar la salud mental en población adolescente (3). Sin embargo, existen pocas escalas que midan la atención plena en este grupo de edad. Se deben destacar la Mindful Attention Awareness Scale in Adolescents (MAAS-A) (4) y la Child and Adolescents Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) (5), ninguna de ellas adaptadas al castellano. El objetivo del estudio es analizar algunas propiedades psicométricas de la MAAS-A traducida al castellano y comparar estos resultados con los obtenidos por otros autores. Método La muestra se compuso por 136 alumnos de un instituto de la zona urbana de Soria con edades comprendidas entre 16 y 19 años (M=16,40; DT=0,68). 51,5 % eran hombres y 48,5 % mujeres. Los cuestionarios fueron administrados de forma anónima en febrero de 2013, realizando un re-test al mes siguiente. Se utilizaron la Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (6) y la MAAS-A. En cuanto a ésta última no existe una traducción validada al castellano. Por ello, se consideró oportuno utilizar la traducción validada de la MAAS7-8 suprimiendo el ítem 12. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio mediante un análisis de componentes principales. Se calculó el alfa de Cronbach para la consistencia interna y el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (CCI) para la fiabilidad intraobservador. Por último, se analizó la asociación entre las escalas aplicando la correlación lineal de Pearson. Resultados y Discusión En el test de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin se obtuvo un valor de 0,84 y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett fue significativa lo que indicó que era adecuado realizar el análisis factorial. Surgieron tres factores con autovalores iniciales por encima de 1 (4,55, 1,42 y 1,29). Puesto que la diferencia entre el autovalor del primer factor y los siguientes era grande y que el segundo y tercer factor contenían valores negativos y por debajo del valor crítico de 0,3, se consideró una sola dimensión para la escala. El alfa de Cronbach hallado fue de 0,83 y la eliminación de cualquiera de los ítems supondría una disminución de este valor. En la correlación elemento-total corregida se observaron valores comprendidos entre 0,33-0,67. Para el CCI se obtuvo un valor de 0,74. El valor más bajo (0,32), correspondió al ítem 3, y el más elevado (0,75) al 6. El estrés percibido y la atención plena se asociaron inversamente (r=-0,37; p≤0,001). Se puede concluir que la escala MAAS-A es unidimensional, presenta unos valores de consistencia interna y fiabilidad intraobservador adecuados lo que permite aseverar que la herramienta es útil para medir la atención plena en este grupo de población. Además, estos resultados concuerdan con los hallados por los autores de la escala original (4) y los de la validación holandesa. No obstante, es necesario reforzar la validez de constructo de este análisis, aumentar el tamaño muestral y confirmar el análisis factorial.
Introduction
Accumulating evidence suggests that increased neural responses during the anticipation of high-calorie food play an important role in the tendency to overeat. A promising method for counteracting enhanced food anticipation in overeating might be mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). However, the neural mechanisms by which MBIs can affect food reward anticipation are unclear. In this randomized, actively controlled study, the primary objective was to investigate the effect of an 8-week mindful eating intervention on reward anticipation. We hypothesized that mindful eating would decrease striatal reward anticipation responses. Additionally, responses in the midbrain—from which the reward pathways originate—were explored.
Methods
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we tested 58 healthy participants with a wide body mass index range (BMI: 19–35 kg/m ² ), motivated to change their eating behavior. During scanning they performed an incentive delay task, measuring neural reward anticipation responses to caloric and monetary cues before and after 8 weeks of mindful eating or educational cooking (active control).
Results
Compared with the educational cooking intervention, mindful eating affected neural reward anticipation responses, with reduced caloric relative to monetary reward responses. This effect was, however, not seen in the striatum, but only in the midbrain. The secondary objective was to assess temporary and long-lasting (1 year follow-up) intervention effects on self-reported eating behavior and anthropometric measures [BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR)]. We did not observe effects of the mindful eating intervention on eating behavior. Instead, the control intervention showed temporary beneficial effects on BMI, waist circumference, and diet quality, but not on WHR or self-reported eating behavior, as well as long-lasting increases in knowledge about healthy eating.
Discussion
These results suggest that an 8-week mindful eating intervention may have decreased the relative salience of food cues by affecting midbrain but not striatal reward responses, without necessarily affecting regular eating behavior. However, these exploratory results should be verified in confirmatory research.
The primary and secondary objectives of the study were registered in the Dutch Trial Register (NTR): NL4923 (NTR5025).
Mindfulness and self-compassion have the potential to alleviate loneliness, a significant public health concern. To maximize the impact of mindfulness and self-compassion on loneliness, it is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying their effects. The current cross-sectional study aimed to explore the mediating role of coping style in the relationships between mindfulness, self-compassion, and loneliness. Participants (n = 453) were recruited from the general population through social network platforms in China. Participants completed an online survey including measures of demographic information, dispositional mindfulness, self-compassion, coping style, and loneliness. Correlation analyses revealed that mindfulness and self-compassion both had significantly negative associations with loneliness; negative coping was positively correlated with loneliness, while positive coping was not significantly associated with loneliness; mindfulness and self-compassion were positively related to positive coping and negatively associated with negative coping. Furthermore, mediation analyses showed that negative coping significantly mediated the effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on loneliness while controlling for demographic variables. These findings suggest that negative coping may serve as a potential mechanism linking mindfulness and self-compassion to loneliness. If future longitudinal and experimental research confirms the mediating effect of negative coping, mindfulness and self-compassion interventions can address negative coping to optimize their effects on loneliness.
Consultancy with children is rarely reported in sport psychology literature. In light of this, the current case study seeks to outline an age-appropriate approach to support provision for a 10-year-old soccer athlete at an elite soccer academy. The Trainee Sport and Exercise Psychologist utilised a combined Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and mindfulness-based approach to practice in understanding the athlete’s challenges and implemented Psychological Skills Training (PST). Effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated through a modified family-systems approach and player feedback was elicited using an adapted Consultant Effectiveness Form (CEF). Reflection on the intervention details how open-mindedness to service delivery can facilitate the understanding of PST in the early years of sport performance, and could pave the way for future reception and application at later levels.
Objective
Traditional mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are often effective, but they are also time- and resource-intensive. Shortening MBIs and embedding them in standard medical care pathways may be one way to improve their accessibility. The present study sought to extend the extant body of research on brief, embedded MBIs by examining the impact of embedding a brief MBI (1) in a new activity and (2) in a new clinical population, while (3) using a more comprehensive assessment of mindfulness-related phenomenology to investigate participant experiences.Method
We conducted a single-site, two-arm, parallel-group randomized clinical trial among cancer patients enrolled in a fitness program at an academic cancer hospital. Participants (n = 99) were randomized to either a 10-min mindful warm-up condition (n = 49) or a 10-min mind-wandering warm-up condition (n = 50). Mindfulness-related phenomenology (i.e., mindful state, self-transcendent state, allocentric frame of reference, sense of wholeness) and treatment satisfaction were assessed.ResultsRelative to participants in the mind-wandering condition, participants in the mindful warm-up condition reported experiencing more mindfulness (F1,90=6.29, p = 0.01), self-transcendence (F1,90=4.23, p = 0.04), allocentric frames of reference (F1,90=4.31, p = 0.04), and feelings of wholeness (F1,90=5.11, p = 0.03). Additionally, increases in state mindfulness after warming up mediated the relationship between experimental condition and treatment satisfaction at the training session’s end (β = 0.08, p = 0.05).Conclusions
This study suggests that brief mindfulness training can be seamlessly embedded into an exercise training session, effectively inducing a range of mindful phenomenology and potentially contributing to greater treatment satisfaction. Brief, embedded MBIs may allow us to simultaneously treat patients’ minds and bodies.PreregistrationThis study is was pre-registered.
The name of this special issue is the exploration of Indigenous Counseling. It discusses the indigenous research theory of integrating Chinese and West cultures. The editor of the special issue is Professor Shiah. The three contributors are all outstanding scholars
dedicated to the indigenization of social sciences, Professor Chou Discusses the possible ways of constructing "Chinese Indigenous Psychology" and points out that the prominence of Chinese
psychology, the connection between Chinese and Western psychology, the integration of mainstream Chinese culture, and the modern interpretation of Confucianism are possible directions. From a spiritual perspective, Professor Tseng explores indigenous multicultural counseling in Taiwan and believes that the spiritual aspects of indigenous multicultural counseling should include an understanding of indigenous multiculturalism and worldview, the spiritual development of Chinese culture, the spiritual self-awareness of the counselor, and different types of spirituality. Necessary case communication and cooperation, the evaluation of the spiritual issues of the case, the diagnosis and treatment of spiritual disorders, etc.; Professor Lin reviewed the past research on mindfulness in the West through his own indigenous psychology research process and pointed out that the study of western psychology is based on individualism. For the foundation, it ignores the social relationship aspect of equality. The three scholars each have insights and creativity in indigenous research. After analyzing the research insights of the three scholars, Professor Shiah suggested that such indigenous analysis can be carried out from the perspective of cultural systems to present a more transparent and precise interpretation. And vision. Developing indigenous counseling requires a creative understanding of tradition and an open face to the future. The rise of precision counseling research in Taiwan has revealed future development possibilities. Indigenous counseling is based on the island of traditional culture and modern technology. The island of Taiwan contains unlimited development possibilities. Developing indigenous counseling requires a creative interpretation of tradition and an open face to the future. The development of modern technologies such as AI (artificial intelligence), extensive data analysis, and precision medicine has given birth to the rise of precision counseling research in Taiwan. A possibility for future development. Indigenous counseling in Taiwan, an island of traditional culture and modern technology, contains opportunities for unlimited expansion.
The Oxford Handbook of Sport and Performance Psychology includes the latest research and applied perspectives from leaders in the field of performance psychology, presenting sport and performance psychology from myriad perspectives. It looks at individual psychological processes in performance such as attention, imagery, superior performance intelligence, motivation, anxiety, confidence, cognition, and emotion. Articles also consider the social psychological processes in performance including leadership, teamwork, coaching, relationships, moral behavior, and gender and cultural issues. The book further examines human development issues in performance, such as the development of talent and expertise, positive youth development, the role of the family, the end of involvement transitions, and both youth and masters-level sport and physical activity programs. Finally, the text looks at interventions in sport and performance psychology and counseling of performers in distress including such important issues for all performers as: appearance- and performance-enhancing drug use, injuries, managing pain, eating and weight issues, burnout, and the role of physical activity in maintaining health. The articles collected here also cover the history of sport and performance psychology; the scope and nature of the field; ethical issues in sport and performance psychology; performance psychology in the performing arts and other non-sporting fields; perfectionism and performance; the role of the performance coach and of the sport psychologist with a coach and team; supervision; and a look ahead to the future of the field.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.