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An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results
... The primary purpose of mindfulness in Eastern Buddhist thought is to instill compassion and wisdom within the individual, thereby unlocking their full potential (Williams et al., 2013). In contemporary times, the concept of mindfulness was adapted by Kabat-Zinn (1982) to the Western framework of understanding and was redefined as a coping mechanism for stress. Kabat-Zinn (1982) provided a secular grounding for mindfulness practice and transformed it into a science of psychology. ...
... In contemporary times, the concept of mindfulness was adapted by Kabat-Zinn (1982) to the Western framework of understanding and was redefined as a coping mechanism for stress. Kabat-Zinn (1982) provided a secular grounding for mindfulness practice and transformed it into a science of psychology. In contemporary times, the concept of mindfulness has been dissociated from its religious origins and has been subjected to extensive research in psychology. ...
... Among these author groups, Kabat-Zinn, Baer, and Grossman, indicated in green, are the authors who wrote the foundational works of mindfulness. These authors are the ones who published the first mindfulness works and contributed important scale studies to the mindfulness literature (Baer et al., 2004;Baer et al., 2008;Kabat-Zinn, 1982). In this context, this group is the most cited author group in mindfulness research on teachers. ...
With the surge in publications on mindfulness in recent years, there has been a significant increase in studies focusing on teacher mindfulness; thus, teacher mindfulness has emerged as an important research topic and a priority field of study. This bibliometric research employed science mapping tools to analyze Web of Science (WoS) indexed journal publications centered on teacher mindfulness. This review aims to trace the evolution of research in the field of teacher mindfulness over the past two decades. An examination of 165 publications revealed that interest in teacher mindfulness has grown substantially since 2016. The results also provide to the most influential scientists in the field, highlighting the authors' countries of origin, collaborative efforts between countries, and global co-reference networks. A keyword analysis was incorporated into the study to showcase current trends in teacher mindfulness research. Recommendations are provided to inform policy development on teacher mindfulness and to set a direction for future research.
... Mindfulness requires an individual to remain present at the moment, paying attention purposely and dismissing all judgments (Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Kabat-Zinn, 2003). For this dissertation and resource development, mindfulness is part of proactive coping and uses meditation methods. ...
... According to Jon Kabat-Zinn, founder of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program, mindfulness is the ability to purposely pay attention while being present in the moment, without judgment (Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Kabat-Zinn, 2003). Mindfulness cultivates a superior self-awareness, building deep connections between the mind, body, and emotion (Mistry, 2020). ...
... ( Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Kabat-Zinn, 2003) Six ways to Practice Grounding in the Office Six simple methods to practice mindfulness through grounding techniques in a work environment, using resources available when time (Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Kabat-Zinn, 2003 is limited for helping and mental health professionals. Guided Meditation with Script and Audio: "Cascading Waters and Canyons: A Professional Release Guided Meditation" ...
This dissertation aims to develop a program resource for helping and mental health professionals to foster proactive coping and diminish dysfunctional coping from work stressors. Professionals succumb to chronic stressors and secondary traumatic stress due to their vocation, often disregarding self-care. Should this type of resource be implemented, psychological and social resources would be required. The need for proactive coping is a generally accepted concept, but helping and mental health professionals often lack resources, limiting advocacy and resilience. Self-help resources are frequently perceived as self-indulgence, in addition to the concept that professionals provide care, not the clients receiving care. Moreover, victimization by stigmas and emotional contagion surrounds helping and mental health professions. Addressing these concerns by implementing an accessible and advocate-heavy website may mitigate experienced ramifications by increasing retention, psychological well-being, resilience, and support. Most importantly, it may reduce maladaptive behaviors and standardize professional self-care.
... In the early 1980s, Jon Kabat-Zinn introduced mindfulness in a clinical context [1]. Kabat-Zinn drew heavily from various strands of Buddhist tradition and Indian philosophy to create a mindfulness programme to treat patients with chronic pain. ...
... On a 7-point scale ranging from 1 to 7, respondents place themselves between two contradictory labels that answer a question or end a statement (e.g., 'In the future, you expect that your own life will (1) have no purpose at all| (7) be full of purpose'). Total sum scores range from 9 to 63, with higher scores indicating a stronger sense of coherence. ...
Background
Mindfulness has been studied as a treatment option for a large range of psychological disorders and is associated with a multitude of positive psychological outcomes. There are now several scales for measuring mindfulness as both a trait and a state. As mindfulness potentially plays a critical role in maintaining physical activity habits, the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA) was developed to specifically measure mindfulness in a physical activity context. This study aimed to provide validity evidence for a German version of the SMS-PA (henceforth called SMS-PA-G) in a clinical sample.
Methods
We used baseline data from 129 participants in the randomised controlled trial ‘New Ways to Cope with Depression’. The sample, which was screened for clinical depression symptoms, completed the SMS-PA-G and several other psychometric scales for capturing state mindfulness, self-efficacy, sense of coherence, anxiety, depression, and physical activity. We conducted reliability and item analyses and ran a confirmatory factor analysis. Also, we assessed construct validity through correlations with the abovementioned scales and through differences in SMS-PA scores between physically active and nonactive participants.
Results
The mean SMS-PA-G score in our sample was 25.3 with a standard deviation of 8.5. The item and reliability analyses provided satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha and discriminatory power values. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that physical activity mindfulness can best be described via a bifactor model, with specific mind and body factors and a general mindfulness factor. We found the expected relationships with the attention subscale of state mindfulness, self-efficacy, and sense of coherence but did not find them with the awareness subscale of state mindfulness, depression, and anxiety. As hypothesised, physically active participants exhibited higher SMS-PA-G values than nonactive participants.
Conclusions
The SMS-PA-G is an internally consistent test instrument that captures respondents’ general physical activity mindfulness and their attention to mental and bodily events. Whereas validity evidence was generally supportive of the SMS-PA-G, its relationships with other constructs require further investigation.
Trial registration
ISRCTN, ISRCTN12347878. Registered 28 March 2022, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12347878 .
... In this study, we propose a novel mindfulness brain-computer interface (BCI) for alleviating car sickness in real-world scenarios. Mindfulness meditation is an ancient and beneficial form of psychological therapy for depression, anxiety and insomnia etc. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. A core element of mindfulness meditation is to anchor our attention to a specific object, such as breath [33][34][35]. ...
... Mindfulness meditation has been consistently verified to improve sleep and mood and reduce stress and has become a widely used clinical therapy for depression, anxiety, and other psychological disorders [28][29][30][31][32]. However, sustained attention during mindfulness meditation can be challenging because of its inherent monotonous and intellectually undemanding nature [43,44], especially within a rapidly changing vehicular environment. ...
Car sickness, an enormous vehicular travel challenge, affects a significant proportion of the population. Pharmacological interventions are limited by adverse side effects, and effective nonpharmacological alternatives remain to be identified. Here, we introduce a novel closed-loop, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven, wearable mindfulness brain-computer interface (BCI) to alleviate car sickness. As the user performs mindfulness meditation with a wearable headband, the BCI collects and analyses electroencephalography (EEG) data using a convolutional neural network to assess the user's mindfulness state and provide real-time audiovisual feedback. This approach might efficiently redirect the user's attention from physiological discomfort towards BCI-based mindfulness practices, thereby mitigating car sickness symptoms. The efficacy of the mindfulness BCI was rigorously evaluated in two real world experiments: short and long car rides, with a large cohort of over 100 participants susceptible to car sickness. Remarkably, over 84% of participants rated the mindfulness BCI intervention as effective, with significant reductions in car sickness severity, particularly in individuals with severe symptoms. Furthermore, EEG data analysis revealed pre-frontal beta relative power as a neurobiological signature of car sickness, which provided mechanistic insight into the efficacy of the mindfulness BCI combining attention shift and sensory conflict theory for car sickness. This study proposed the first nonpharmacological, wearable and effective car sickness intervention method and system with potential to transform the travel experience of hundreds of millions suffering from car sickness, also representing a new application of BCI technology.
... Additionally, a full-day mindfulness retreat was integrated into the program to deepen the participants' experience and practice. The three-week duration of the MBSR intervention was strategically chosen based on evidence from preliminary studies that highlighted significant psychological benefits within this timeframe (Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Shapiro et al., 1998). These studies demonstrated that even brief mindfulness interventions could lead to meaningful improvements in mental well-being, making it a feasible option within the constraints of the school schedule. ...
... The three-week duration of the MBSR intervention was strategically chosen based on evidence from preliminary studies that highlighted significant psychological benefits within this timeframe (Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Shapiro et al., 1998). These studies demonstrated that even brief mindfulness interventions could lead to meaningful improvements in mental well-being, making it a feasible option within the constraints of the school schedule. ...
This study investigated the effects of a brief mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program on Emotional Intelligence (EI) and job satisfaction among teachers in Saudi Arabia. Given the increasing stress and psychological challenges facing educators, improving EI and stress management techniques is crucial. The primary research questions were: (1) Does participation in MBSR improve EI among male teachers? (2) Does MBSR reduce perceived stress and enhance job satisfaction? A quasi-experimental nonequivalent group pretest-posttest design was utilized, involving 100 Saudi teachers divided into experimental and control groups. Over three weeks, the experimental group engaged in the MBSR program, while the control group received no intervention. EI, mindfulness, job satisfaction, and perceived stress levels were assessed using various measures. Statistical analyses, including descriptive, inferential, and mediation analyses, were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the MBSR program. Results indicated that the MBSR group exhibited improved EI, with higher scores for emotional attention, clarity, and repair than the control group. Furthermore, the experimental group showed significant increases in mindfulness and notable reductions in perceived stress levels. Mediation analysis demonstrated that mindfulness and perceived stress partially mediated the relationship between EI and teacher job satisfaction. These findings underscore the potential of MBSR to improve teacher well-being and job performance. The study recommends incorporating MBSR into training programs to equip educators with tools to manage stress, increase awareness, and improve workplace satisfaction. This approach aligns with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiatives, promoting a more positive educational environment.
... Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been studied in medicine, mental health, neuroscience, business, education, criminal justice system, and even in the military. It has been shown that Mindfulness can alleviate chronic pain (Kabat-Zinn J., 1982;Kabat-Zinn, Lipworth & Burney, 1985), reduce stress, anxiety, and depression (Chiesa & Serretti, 2010;Kuyken et al., 2008). Mindfulness has also been shown to bring changes in brain structure and function, enhancing learning and memory processes (Hölzel et al., 2011). ...
The affirmation of generative AI requires human communicative skills to develop a shared social intelligence that addresses contemporary challenges, including mental health. Educational institutions in different countries use meditation to counteract the anxiety, stress, boredom and inattention of students aiming at creating positive environments. The research explores the integration of mindfulness among Italian university students through AI App. L'affermazione dell'IA generativa richiede competenze comunicative umane per sviluppare un'intelligenza sociale condivisa che affronti le sfide della contemporaneità, tra cui rientra la salute mentale. Istituzioni educative in diversi paesi utilizzano la meditazione per contrastare l'ansia, lo stress, la noia e la disattenzione degli studenti mirando alla creazione di ambienti positivi. La ricerca esplora l'integrazione della mindfulness tra gli studenti universitari italiani tramite App di IA.
... Muñoz et al. conducted a mixed-methods study in Maryland, USA, to assess the feasibility of an online mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) with Latina immigrant mothers and community staff [21]. The program, Yo Soy Paz, was based on Kabat-Zinn's intervention [22] and adapted for online delivery (1-h per week for 8 weeks). Participants included staff (n = 18), Promotoras (immigrant mothers trained as community workers) (n = 7), and immigrant mothers (n = 16), with sessions conducted in Spanish by an experienced Latina psychologist. ...
Purpose of Review
This is a critical review of English language literature (January 2023—June 2024) on psychological trauma amongst forcibly displaced migrant women. The Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) Framework was used to organize multi-layered mental health interventions.
Recent Findings
Findings indicate many promising community-based interventions, often delivered by trained lay facilitators. Interventions address: upstream drivers of mental health such as empowerment and economic security, group-based care focused on social connection and well-being, and trauma focused treatment such as Mindfulness Based Interventions, Cognitive Processing Therapy, and Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Summary
The variety of (primarily short-term) interventions must be complemented by longitudinal evaluation. Clinicians and care systems should partner with those delivering psychosocial interventions outside of clinical settings. Continued research on the impacts of cumulative and intergenerational trauma amongst refugee women, and intervention research that centers the experiences of marginalized groups (e.g., sexual and gender minority refugees) is needed.
... The mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program, developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn in 1979, integrates ancient meditation practices into contemporary clinical and psychological settings. Initially designed to treat chronic pain, MBSR has since been widely adopted for addressing a range of physical and mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, and emotional disorders (Bushell et al., 2020;Kabat-Zinn, 1982, 1990Koenig, 2023;Paiva et al., 2015). ...
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) have an impact on patient quality of life at some point. Alternatives such as pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen supplementation, yoga, and mindfulness practices can help in the care of patients with ILD. The current study was designed to explore the perceptions of gratitude by patients with various ILDs during an MBI. This was a qualitative study involving 50 patients with ILDs. Data were collected through transcription of expressions of gratitude during weekly sessions. A six-phase thematic analysis was used to evaluate the data qualitatively. The results obtained allowed the construction of five thematic categories of gratitude: Religious belief: recognition of the existence of a God being evident in the statements of several patients, who relied on it as a strategy for coping with the disease; the possibility of autonomy: perceived in the importance placed upon being able to perform simple, routine tasks; the presence of family and friends, the assurance of treatment by the health care team and the treatment itself; and the changes achieved through the mindfulness training. Despite the severity and limitations imposed by the disease, the participants were able to perceive the importance and meaning of the presence of family and friends, spirituality, the medical team, and mindfulness in their lives.
... Results indicate that ACCESS highlights improvements in academic skills and daily functionality, with students reporting enhanced motivation to study, better In another study with a student population with ADHD, Lester & Murrell (2018) compared two mindfulness programs. One group received a mindfulness program based on Kabat-Zinn (1982)'s protocol, while the other received Vipassana meditation from the yoga tradition. Both interventions showed reductions in ADHD symptoms, anxiety levels, and increases in mindfulness. ...
ADHD was previously considered a disorder with onset in childhood and a declining trajectory in adolescence. However, recent research data show that in the majority of cases, the disorder persists into adulthood and is associated with a range of difficulties and significant psychosocial problems. The purpose of the present study was to examine intervention programs of CBT in students with ADHD, as well as to assess the effectiveness of the research on the specific symptoms they target each time. A search was conducted in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, resulting in the inclusion of 13 studies. All cognitive-behavioral programs examined in the research had positive outcomes in addressing the core symptoms of ADHD. Additionally, they had a positive impact and significant improvement in levels of anxiety and depression, as well as in overall GPA and time management. The results suggest that although CBT interventions are effective for the student population with ADHD, more research is needed for greater reliability.
... Scientific investigations of meditation have predominantly involved techniques including mindfulness (e.g., present-centered focus with nonjudgemental observation of experience), focused attention (e.g., sustaining breath-focused attention), open-monitoring (e.g., continuous, effortless monitoring of experiential content), lovingkindness (e.g., sustained repetition of benevolent thoughts), compassion (e.g., sustained generation of compassionate feeling), mantra (e.g., focus on repetition of a mantra), non-dual awareness (e.g., awareness of awareness, transcending subject-object duality), and their variations (refer to (2,9,13,14). Some of these meditation forms have been incorporated directly into Western medical contexts in psychotherapies such as Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) (15), Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) (16), Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) (17), compassion meditation training (18), transcendental meditation training (19), etc. (20), and have indirectly influenced interventions, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) (21) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) (22) among others (20). Such psychotherapeutic meditation interventions (MIs) have transdiagnostic value (23), and can impart neuroprotective effects (24), improve stress management in medical conditions like cancer, chronic pain, and fibromyalgia, and combat psychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alcohol and substance-use disorders (25)(26)(27)(28). ...
Meditation is a family of ancient and contemporary contemplative mind-body practices that can modulate psychological processes, awareness, and mental states. Over the last 40 years, clinical science has manualised meditation practices and designed various meditation interventions (MIs), that have shown therapeutic efficacy for disorders including depression, pain, addiction, and anxiety. Over the past decade, neuroimaging has examined the neuroscientific basis of meditation practices, effects, states, and outcomes for clinical and non-clinical populations. However, the generalizability and replicability of current neuroscientific models of meditation are yet to be established, as they are largely based on small datasets entrenched with heterogeneity along several domains of meditation (e.g., practice types, meditation experience, clinical disorder targeted), experimental design, and neuroimaging methods (e.g., preprocessing, analysis, task-based, resting-state, structural MRI). These limitations have precluded a nuanced and rigorous neuroscientific phenotyping of meditation practices and their potential benefits. Here, we present ENIGMA-Meditation, the first worldwide collaborative consortium for neuroscientific investigations of meditation practices. ENIGMA-Meditation will enable systematic meta- and mega-analyses of globally distributed neuroimaging datasets of meditation using shared, standardized neuroimaging methods and tools to improve statistical power and generalizability. Through this powerful collaborative framework, existing neuroscientific accounts of meditation practices can be extended to generate novel and rigorous neuroscientific insights, accounting for multi-domain heterogeneity. ENIGMA-Meditation will inform neuroscientific mechanisms underlying therapeutic action of meditation practices on psychological and cognitive attributes, advancing the field of meditation and contemplative neuroscience.
... The treatment model for cognitive-behavioural therapy for pain focuses on adjusting patients' physical experience of pain, catastrophic thoughts, and maladaptive behaviours (Jensen et al., 1994;Wetherell et al., 2011). Mindfulness mediation teaches patients to observe their pain as only physical sensations, without trying to use distractions to escape any unpleasant feelings that may arise (Kabat-Zinn, 1982). Acceptance and commitment therapy extends upon some of the concepts in a mindfulness approach and teaches a patient how to experience painful physical sensations without trying to change them (Wetherell et al., 2011). ...
Background
Although psychological interventions can be used to improve chronic pain management, underserved individuals (i.e., racially minoritized and socioeconomically disadvantaged) may be less likely to engage in such services. The purpose of this study was to examine whether offering a psychological intervention for chronic pain in a primary care clinic could be a method in which to successfully engage underserved patients.
Methods
There were 220 patients with chronic pain in a primary care clinic located in a socioeconomically and racially diverse city who were approached to discuss enrolment in a pilot randomized controlled trial of a five-session psychological intervention for chronic pain. Patients were introduced to the study by their primary care provider using the warm handoff model. We compared whether there were sociodemographic differences between those who enrolled in the study and those who declined to enrol.
Results
There were no differences between those who enrolled and those who declined enrolment with regard to race, age, insurance type, and household income. However, females were more likely to enrol in the study compared to males.
Conclusions
Recruiting patients to participate in a trial of a psychological intervention for chronic pain in a primary care clinic appeared to be effective for engaging Black patients, patients with lower income, and those with government insurance. Thus, offering a psychological intervention for chronic pain in a primary care clinic may encourage engagement among racially minoritized individuals and those with lower socioeconomic status.
... Mindfulness-Based Stres Reduction (MBSR) adalah program yang dikembangkan oleh Jon Kabat-Zinn pada tahun 1970-an, bertujuan membantu orang mengelola stres, kecemasan, dan tantangan emosional dan fisik lainnya. Program ini menggabungkan meditasi mindfulness, yoga, dan teknik kesadaran tubuh untuk meningkatkan kesadaran yang lebih besar dan penerimaan tanpa menghakimi pengalaman seseorang pada saat ini (Kabat-Zinn, 1982). MBSR sendiri merupakan salah satu terapi yang menerapkan proses kognitif dalam penerimaan pengalaman sehingga individu mampu fokus dan merasa lebih tenang dalam kondisi dirinya sekarang tanpa mengaitkan pada pengalaman yang tidak menyenangkan. ...
Sekolah boarding merupakan salah satu sistem pendidikan dimana setiap siswa menetap di suatu asrama sebagai suatu bagian dalam proses akademik. Sumber stres utama pada pelajar remaja berkaitan dengan permasalahan akademik. Beberapa studi telah dilakukan untuk mengungkap keterkaitan antara stres akademik dan kesehatan mental remaja sangat erat kaitannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat stres akademik siswa baru di sekolah boarding. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik baru kelas X sekolah boarding. Dalam penelitian ini sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik Sampling Jenuh.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gambaran tingkat stres akademik siswa baru di sekolah boarding berada pada kategori tinggi. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh guru BK sebagai asesmen kebutuhan untuk membuat program BK meliputi layanan dasar sebagai upaya pencegahan bagi peserta didik dengan konseling kelompok menggunakan intervensi MBSR (Mindfulness Based Stres Reduction). Kata kunci: stres akademik, sekolah boarding, bimbingan dan konseling, MBSR
... Adolescence is, therefore, a critical period for mental health interventions (3,4). Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) is a low-cost intervention effectively used to reduce stress (5)(6)(7). Besides being a skill that can be acquired through training, mindfulness is also conceptualized as a personality trait (8,9) which is subject to improvement through continuous mindfulness training (10). ...
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) may lead to lower levels of psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and stress in adolescents. Past research has advanced the discovery of neural architecture recruited by MBI. However, the brain mechanisms through which mindfulness Keywords Brain networks; mindfulness; dynamic functional connectivity (dFC); depression; stress; adolescents; anxiety. exerts more resilient responses to social stressors in teens remain unclear. Here, we examined how MBI modulates changes in brain network dynamics following social stress with different affective valence (i.e., neutral, negative, and positive). For this aim, we carried out a longitudinal randomized controlled trial in which non-clinical adolescents underwent MBI for 8 weeks. They completed a psychosocial stress task before and following MBI. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and self-reported measurements of psychological distress were collected in both measurement points (i.e., "pre" and "post" MBI). We computed co-activation patterns on fMRI data to characterize dynamic functional connectivity within whole-brain networks. The results depicted how MBI modulates transient co-activation changes in dorsal medial regions of the brain default network (DN) following the experience of stress. However, these brain changes were not specific to the affective valence of stressful stimuli. The relationship between the DN dynamics and the measurements of psychological distress was mediated by MBI. Globally, our findings support a model in which MBI causally mediate brain-behavior interactions related to psychosocial stress in adolescents. Introduction The present study investigated the impact of mindfulness on brain functional systems underlying
... The intervention consisted of a brief 4-week self-guided online Self-Compassion at Work programme, which was adapted from Mindful Self-compassion (MSC) Programme [36], which the authors describe as being modelled on the structure of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) [66]. The Self-Compassion at Work programme also includes elements from other published sources [67][68][69][70][71]. Novel aspects of the intervention are based on the first author's expertise in the field and an extensive review of the self-compassion development literature (e.g., [37,72,73]), compassionate mind training (e.g., [69]) and compassion development in the workplace (e.g., [74]). ...
(1) Background: The level of stress experienced by staff in the healthcare sector is highly prevalent and well documented. Self-compassion may support the health and wellbeing of individuals and enable them to stay well at work. This study aimed to understand whether a brief, online, self-guided, novel intervention improved the health and wellbeing of healthcare professionals. (2) Methods: In a parallel randomised controlled trial, a volunteer sample of healthcare professionals were assigned to an intervention group (n = 110) or a waitlist control group (n = 80). Measures of self-compassion, mental wellbeing, stress and burnout were collected by an online questionnaire at baseline, post-programme and, for the intervention group, at follow-up. (3) Results: This intervention appeared to be effective in increasing self-compassion and mental health and decreasing stress and burnout. Significant group effects and significant time × group interactions for overall self-compassion [F (2, 183) = 32.72, p < 0.001; effect size ηp² = 0.226], mental wellbeing [F (2, 212) = 17.46, p < 0.001; effect size ηp² = 0.135], perceived stress [F (2, 205) = 5.42, p = 0.006; effect size ηp² = 0.46], personal burnout [F (2, 224) = 7.57, p = 0.001; effect size ηp² = 0.063] and work burnout [F (2, 208) = 7.39, p = 0.001; effect size ηp² = 0.062] were found. (4) Conclusions: This study shows promise that an affordable and scalable intervention can be effective for busy healthcare professionals operating in a significantly challenging environment.
... Mindfulness is defined as 'the awareness that arises on paying attention in a particular way on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally' and has been used as a group behavioural intervention. [2] The initial mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) modules evolved into equally effective brief mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) modules. The mechanism of pain relief in mindfulness involves higher-order (rostral anterior cingulate cortex) regulation of lower nociceptive targets (thalamus and primary somatosensory cortex). ...
... Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a widely used, structured, 8-week course [10]. Daily practice, sustained over time, is an essential element of engagement and improved outcomes. ...
Background
Depression and anxiety are prevalent after stroke and associated with poor outcomes. We previously co-developed a stroke-specific self-management intervention, HEADS: UP (Helping Ease Anxiety and Depression after Stroke). The two studies reported here aimed to test the feasibility and acceptability of the HEADS: UP course and supporting materials, and research processes ahead of a definitive trial.
Methods
We recruited community-dwelling stroke survivors (SS) ≥ 3 months post-stroke, with symptoms of mood disorder (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ≥ 8). Participants could ‘enrol’ a family member/ ‘other’ to take part with them, if desired. Study 1 tested HEADS: UP delivered in-person, and informed optimisation of research processes and intervention delivery and materials. In a pragmatic response to Covid-related socialising restrictions, HEADS: UP was then adapted for online delivery, tested in Study 2. The primary outcome (both studies) was the feasibility (acceptability, fidelity) of the intervention and of research processes. Quantitative data (including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) assessing mood and quality of life) and qualitative data were collected pre-/post-intervention. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data; a thematic framework approach was used to analyse qualitative data. Both studies received ethical approval prior to commencement.
Results
Study 1
Feasibility: 13 (59.1%) of 22 potentially eligible stroke survivors consented; aged 66 (median, interquartile range (IQR) 14); male (n = 9; 69%); 28 (IQR 34) months post-stroke. Of these, n = 10 (76.9%) completed PROMS pre-intervention; n = 6 (46.2%) post-intervention.
Acceptability: Nine (69.2%) of the 13 participants attended ≥ 4 core intervention sessions. Aspects of screening and data collection were found to be burdensome.
Study 2
Feasibility: SS n = 9 (41%) of 22 potentially eligible stroke survivors consented; aged 58 years (median; IQR 12); male (n = 4; 44.4%); 23 (IQR 34) months post-stroke. Of these, n = 5 (55.6%) completed PROMS pre-intervention; n = 5 (55.6%) post-intervention.
Acceptability: Five (55.6%) of the 9 participants attended ≥ 4 core sessions. They found online screening and data collection processes straightforward.
... While mindfulness may have emerged, controversially, in the West as a Buddhistcontexted religious concept (Sharf, 2015), it has been valuably applied in secular clinical settings, as well, for decades (Kabat-Zinn, 1982). Mindfulness has been "translated" for use in contemporary psychology and medicine, including within psychotherapeutic and self-help settings, and years of evaluative research point to successful applications in addressing psychological symptoms and psychiatric disorders (Khoury et al., 2013) as well as in engendering psychological well-being (Chu & Mak, 2020) and spirituality (Landau & Jones, 2021). ...
This paper describes three spiritual practices utilized for healing. These modalities—meditation, mindfulness, and prayer—share a spiritual foundation and appear to operate, in part, through mind–body connections that can be accessed to ameliorate physical and psychological symptoms and to promote health. For each modality, this paper discusses pertinent conceptual issues, summarizes empirical evidence suggestive of a role in healing, and outlines theoretical support for such a relationship. Also discussed is a fourth modality, energy healing, and how it might be studied, as well as why further investigation of spiritual healing is merited and a worthwhile topic for medical research.
... The effect of leadership on mindfulness seems probable, given that leaders are inclined to exhibit behaviours that foster the establishment of mindful connections with their subordinates. Mindfulness can be defined as a cognitive state characterised by an individual's intentional and non-judgmental awareness of both internal and external experiences (Kabat-Zinn 1982). There has been a growing global interest among leaders in the adoption of mindfulness and contemplative practises rooted in values (Levit-Binnun, Arbel & Dorjee 2021). ...
Enhancing employee mindfulness in an organisation setting necessitates the presence of transparency and self-awareness. Through the transparency and self-awareness, it has the potential to be nurtured and refined through the passage of time, and they have significant importance in successfully inspiring and driving employees towards the objectives of the organisation. Furthermore, it is important to note that leaders can modify their leadership approach based on different situations and the unique characteristics of individuals. The versatility can significantly improve effectiveness in managing diverse teams and promoting employee mindfulness. The objective of this systematic literature review is to gather and condense numerous prior research papers, offering a thorough summary of the existing data regarding the impact of leaders' transparency and self-awareness on promoting employees mindfulness. The systematic literature review approach is employed to offer a complete and unbiased overview of the current body of research pertaining to a certain subject matter. The process of identifying, analysing, and synthesising prior works is beneficial in addressing a particular research inquiry. The results indicate a noteworthy beneficial relationship between the level of leaders' transparency and self-awareness and the extent of employees' mindfulness. The prioritisation of fostering mindfulness practises among employees is crucial. The integration of mindfulness approaches has promise for augmenting a capacity to concentrate, participate in rational decision-making and proficiently cope with stress, so enhancing overall efficacy of employees within a professional context. ABSTRAK Meningkatkan kesedaran pekerja dalam suasana organisasi memerlukan kehadiran ketelusan dan kesedaran diri. Melalui ketelusan dan kesedaran diri, ia berpotensi untuk dipupuk dan ditapis melalui peredaran masa, dan mereka mempunyai kepentingan yang signifikan dalam berjaya memberi inspirasi dan mendorong pekerja ke arah objektif organisasi. Selain itu, adalah penting untuk diperhatikan bahawa pemimpin dapat mengubah pendekatan kepimpinan mereka berdasarkan situasi yang berbeza dan ciri-ciri unik individu. Fleksibiliti ini dapat meningkatkan keberkesanan dalam menguruskan pelbagai pasukan dan mempromosikan kesedaran pekerja. Objektif kajian literatur sistematik ini adalah untuk mengumpulkan dan mengekang banyak kertas penyelidikan terdahulu, yang menawarkan ringkasan data yang sedia ada mengenai kesan ketelusan dan kesedaran diri para pemimpin untuk mempromosikan kesedaran pekerja. Pendekatan kajian literatur sistematik digunakan untuk menawarkan gambaran keseluruhan dan tidak berat sebelah mengenai badan penyelidikan semasa yang berkaitan dengan perkara tertentu. Proses mengenal pasti, menganalisis, dan mensintesis kerja-kerja terdahulu adalah bermanfaat dalam menangani siasatan penyelidikan tertentu. Hasilnya menunjukkan hubungan yang menguntungkan antara tahap ketelusan dan kesedaran diri pemimpin dan sejauh mana kesedaran pekerja. Keutamaan untuk memupuk amalan pemikiran di kalangan pekerja adalah penting. Penyepaduan pendekatan kesedaran telah berjanji untuk menambah keupayaan untuk menumpukan perhatian, mengambil bahagian dalam membuat keputusan yang rasional dan mahir mengatasi tekanan, sehingga meningkatkan keberkesanan keseluruhan pekerja dalam konteks profesional. Kata kunci: ketelusan; kesedaran diri; kesedaran penuh; kajian literatur; kesan yang ketara Akademika 94(2), 2024: 90-109
... Mindfulness included theoretical definitions such as 'purposeful attention without making any judgement [30]' or 'focusing on the present moment with a sense of openness and nonjudgmental attitude [46]' and was more directed to the language of training. The most common MBI approaches were based on MBSR principles [46,47]. Various methods of delivery were utilized, including short courses, online delivery, and courses later in the day to assist nursing students in managing stress and fatigue of the day [48]. ...
Background: Contemplative pedagogy, specifically yoga, introduced into the higher education curriculum has the potential to develop and entrain intellectual, emotional, and social development in relation to mental health among university students studying for medical and nursing degrees. The objective of the study is to determine the extent of the current literature on the prevalence of yoga as a contemplative practice that contributes to student well-being and self-knowledge in the first-year transition from high school to university. Methods: As part of the scoping review, CINAHL, EBSCO, Medline, Emerald, Eric, and PsycINFO were searched to identify the prevalence and connection of mind–body courses to student well-being between 2011 and 2022. Screening and selection of studies were based on eligibility criteria and methodological quality assessment. Colaizzi’s method of data analysis enabled the phenomena of interest to be examined and follows the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Results: Seventeen studies were included with two themes emerging, which include physical practices and training and barriers to success. Conclusion: Yoga is a practice that supports undergraduate students in managing their stressful lives. Due to the experiential nature of yoga the participatory reflective processes established within the physicality of the students provided a framework to cope with the stress and challenges of higher education.
... Kabat-Zinn 1982 [4] explained the concept of mindfulness, Mindfulness is a state of awareness cultivated by deliberately focusing your attention on the present moment, without judgment. It involves three key aspects. ...
... Mindfulness-based interventions have gained attention as a potential adjunctive therapy for migraine pain management [4][5][6][7]. Mindfulness is a clinical practice rooted in the meditation tradition that cultivates present-moment awareness and non-judgmental acceptance [8]. Most recent investigations have specifically revealed the beneficial effects of mindfulness practice in CM-MOH patients [9][10][11]. ...
Background
Mindfulness practice has gained interest in the management of Chronic Migraine associated with Medication Overuse Headache (CM-MOH). Mindfulness is characterized by present-moment self-awareness and relies on attention control and emotion regulation, improving headache-related pain management. Mindfulness modulates the Default Mode Network (DMN), Salience Network (SN), and Fronto-Parietal Network (FPN) functional connectivity. However, the neural mechanisms underlying headache-related pain management with mindfulness are still unclear. In this study, we tested neurofunctional changes after mindfulness practice added to pharmacological treatment as usual in CM-MOH patients.
Methods
The present study is a longitudinal phase-III single-blind Randomized Controlled Trial (MIND-CM study; NCT03671681). Patients had a diagnosis of CM-MOH, no history of neurological and severe psychiatric comorbidities, and were attending our specialty headache centre. Patients were divided in Treatment as Usual (TaU) and mindfulness added to TaU (TaU + MIND) groups. Patients underwent a neuroimaging and clinical assessment before the treatment and after one year. Longitudinal comparisons of DMN, SN, and FPN connectivity were performed between groups and correlated with clinical changes. Vertex-wise analysis was performed to assess cortical thickness changes.
Results
177 CM-MOH patients were randomized to either TaU group or TaU + MIND group. Thirty-four patients, divided in 17 TaU and 17 TaU + MIND, completed the neuroimaging follow-up. At the follow-up, both groups showed an improvement in most clinical variables, whereas only TaU + MIND patients showed a significant headache frequency reduction (p = 0.028). After one year, TaU + MIND patients showed greater SN functional connectivity with the left posterior insula (p-FWE = 0.007) and sensorimotor cortex (p-FWE = 0.026). In TaU + MIND patients only, greater SN-insular connectivity was associated with improved depression scores (r = -0.51, p = 0.038). A longitudinal increase in cortical thickness was observed in the insular cluster in these patients (p = 0.015). Increased anterior cingulate cortex thickness was also reported in TaU + MIND group (p-FWE = 0.02).
Conclusions
Increased SN-insular connectivity might modulate chronic pain perception and the management of negative emotions. Enhanced SN-sensorimotor connectivity could reflect improved body-awareness of painful sensations. Expanded cingulate cortex thickness might sustain improved cognitive processing of nociceptive information. Our findings unveil the therapeutic potential of mindfulness and the underlying neural mechanisms in CM-MOH patients.
Trial Registration
Name of Registry; MIND-CM study; Registration Number ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT0367168; Registration Date: 14/09/2018
... The intervention was based on the current MBI standard 6 and the transactional theory concept that stress derives from relationships between people and their environments 21 . Participants in the experimental group took an 8-week mindfulness awareness course that included training and practice in mindfulness meditation techniques for 50 min/week. ...
University nursing students have been shown to experience psychological stress. A mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) may be a helpful tool for stress management. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a MBI on improving mindfulness and reducing perceived stress in nursing students. A quasi-experimental study was conducted between July 2021 and February 2022. The intervention group participated in an 8-week mindfulness awareness course, which included 50 min of training and practice in mindfulness meditation techniques each week. Over the same 8 weeks, the control group watched a 50-min film each week. The mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS) and perceived stress scale (PSS) were administered before the intervention, intervention completion, and 2 and 6 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using t test and generalized estimating equation. Overall, that the MBI showed a substantial effect on felt stress in comparison to the control group. When compared to the control group, the MBI showed a substantial impact on trait mindfulness. The MBI was beneficial for nursing students and could be considered a viable approach in nursing education to enhance mental wellbeing. It could be an effective method of relieving stress in a high-stress population.
... MBI have traditionally been delivered in face-to-face modes (Kabat-Zinn, 1982;Segal et al., 2002), but are being increasingly delivered online via pre-recorded guidance (Bailey et al., 2018), or via online courses with synchronous mindfulness practice sessions (Bogosian et al., 2021;Cavalera et al., 2019;Krusche et al., 2012). There are also many asynchronous online mindfulness applications available, with Headspace and Calm being two popular examples (Flett et al., 2019). ...
Objectives
Informal carers are an integral part of any health care system. However, provision of informal care is associated with caregiver burden and decreased wellbeing. Mindfulness programs can reduce caregiving burden and improve wellbeing among informal carers, but they face challenges when participating in face-to-face programs. Studies have explored the effects of online delivery of mindfulness programs for informal carers. However, the enablers and barriers for participation are not well understood. This review aimed to synthesise the evidence and provide a comprehensive understanding of the enablers and barriers to participation in online mindfulness programs among this population.
Methods
A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute mixed-methods systematic review approach and using eight databases. All empirical studies published in English and involving informal carers aged over 18 years were included. Critical appraisal was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Thematic analysis was conducted to integrate the data.
Results
Nine studies were included: three quantitative, two qualitative, and four mixed methods. Three subthemes for enablers and barriers were developed. Three subthemes for enablers included self-motivation, positive experience of mindfulness, and program structure and delivery. Three subthemes for barriers included lack of self-motivation, external factors preventing participation, and program structure and delivery. The enablers and barriers were interrelated within and across the identified themes.
Conclusions
A comprehensive synthesis of current evidence was provided for consideration when developing online mindfulness-based interventions for informal carers. Further investigation is recommended, particularly in relation to the enablers and barriers to engagement by informal carers.
Preregistration
The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023409311).
... Health insurance coverage of behavioral health interventions can be difficult to attain. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is one behavioral health intervention that has witnessed over four decades of development since its inception in 1979 and subsequent scientific testing (Kabat-Zinn, 1982). Now, hundreds of randomized controlled trials have favorably evaluated MBSR, but it is largely not covered by health insurance in the United States (Goldberg et al., 2022;Goyal et al., 2014a). ...
Objectives
Hundreds of trials have evaluated Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), but in the United States, it is generally not covered by health insurance. Consequently, the aims were to identify the following: (1) key questions to make decisions about if, how, and when MBSR should be covered by health insurance; (2a) barriers and (2b) facilitators to understand and resolve for MBSR to be covered by health insurance; and (3) highest priority evidence needed to inform health insurance coverage decisions.
Methods
Key informants (n = 26) included health insurers, healthcare administrators, policymakers, clinicians, MBSR instructors, and MBSR students. An initial pool of items related to the study aims was generated through qualitative interviews. Through the Delphi process, participants rated, discussed, and re-rated each item’s relevance. Items were required to reach a consensus of ≥ 80% agreement to be retained for final inclusion.
Results
Of the original 149 items, 42 (28.2%) met the ≥ 80% agreement criterion and were retained for final inclusion. The most highly rated items informing whether MBSR should be covered by health insurance included research demonstrating that MBSR works and that it is not harmful. The most highly rated barriers to coverage were that MBSR is not a medical treatment and patient barriers to attendance. Highly rated facilitators included the potential of MBSR to address common mental health and psychosomatic problems. Finally, understanding what conditions are effectively treated with MBSR and the impact of MBSR on stress were rated as the highest priority evidence needed to inform health insurance coverage decisions.
Conclusions
Findings highlight priorities for future research and policy efforts to advance health insurance coverage of MBSR in the United States.
... From their perspective and ours, it is not the temporal nature that defines moments, but their status as brief juncture points of clarity and noteworthiness. This focus on the feeling, immediacy and presence of moments as existential and noteworthy is also echoed in mindfulness approaches that emphasize the importance of attending to what is occurring in the present moment non-judgmentally (Kabat-Zinn, 1982). Thus, in keeping with experiential, social psychological definitions of leisure, in our suggested definition of everyday moments of leisure, the momentary nature of such experiences is existential rather than temporal. ...
Momentary experiences of leisure in the context of routine activities, such as pausing to watch a sunset out the kitchen window, or to chat with a friend as you pass them on the street, have received little attention in the leisure literature, yet are common in the context of everyday lives. Where the boundaries of such momentary experiences have not been well considered, we used a process of concept synthesis to develop a conceptual definition of everyday moments of leisure, drawing on 15 cross-disciplinary articles and book chapters systematically identified and reviewed, with key concepts and examples extracted and analyzed. Everyday moments of leisure are subjectively-defined and noticed enjoyable, personally-resonant momentary experiences that occur within ordinary places and activities. Such moments have antecedents of perceived sense of safety, receptivity to the activity, and ease of participation, and involve a juncture, or shift in attention from the obligatory to the enjoyable, as well as the attributes of noticing and connection to the self. Although short in duration and seemingly insignificant, we assert that noticing short-duration leisure experiences may offer an important avenue for experiencing leisure in the context of everyday lives.
... The recognition of MBIs has significantly grown with the advent of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) 21 and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). 22 MBIs have continued to evolve, including approaches like dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) 23 and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). ...
Objective: This study aimed to develop and assess the effectiveness of the MBSI online program in enhancing selfesteem, mindfulness, and resilience among adolescents, while also evaluating its feasibility and participant satisfaction. Materials and Methods: The MBSI online program is an adapted form of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), developed by integrating specific aspects of mindfulness that are related to self-esteem and the core processes of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), following consultations with mindfulness experts and program trials. The study enrolled 70 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years with low to moderate self-esteem, from diverse Thairegions. Participants were randomly assigned and equally allocated to intervention and waiting-list control groups. The intervention group underwent an 8-week MBSI online program. Self-esteem, mindfulness, and resilience wereassessed at baseline, week 4, week 8, 1 month, and 3 months post-intervention. Results: The self-esteem, mindfulness, and resilience scores within the intervention group have significantly increased over time compared to baseline on week 4, week 8, 1 month, and 3 months post-intervention (p < 0.001). Furthermore, between-group comparisons revealed statistically significant improvements in self-esteem, mindfulness, and resilience (p < 0.05) at corresponding intervals, with medium to large effect sizes. The dropout rate was 25.7%, while participant satisfaction with the MBSI online program was remarkably high, averaging 4.73out of 5, with 76.9% expressing the highest level of satisfaction. Conclusion: The MBSI online program significantly improved self-esteem, mindfulness, and resilience in adolescents, achieving high participant satisfaction. This program presents a valuable intervention for adolescents with low selfesteem, aiming to prevent psychological issues stemming from diminished self-esteem.
... Many studies have examined the effect of meditation (Table 1) on physical and mental health, ranging from mapping brain activity during meditation [108] to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Though prior studies [109,110] have examined the role of meditation in the treatment of Massage Therapy Bodywork that involves kneading and stretching specific tissues at an even tempo with varying levels of pressure with the goal of promoting wellness and reducing pain [14] Chiropractic ...
Purpose of Review
The goal of this review is to summarize updates to the broad array of complementary therapies available for cancer pain. This paper will serve as a reference for clinicians managing pain in cancer patients.
Recent Findings
Patients are embracing integrative therapies in growing numbers; clinicians must be prepared to incorporate these therapies into patients’ existing treatment regimens. This requires knowledge regarding risks, benefits, and potential interactions with existing cancer therapies.
Summary
Integrative cancer pain management strategies have shown promise, with several proven effective for the management of cancer pain. Energy therapies, including acupuncture, and biologicals and nutraceuticals including overall diet and vitamin D, have the highest level of evidence for efficacy. The remaining therapies discussed in this chapter may be beneficial for patients on a case-by-case basis; risks and benefits of each individual therapy as described in the text must be further assessed in future rigorous trials to further clarify the role of these complementary therapies in cancer pain management.
To fully understand the opioid epidemic, it is necessary to elucidate the role of depression in mutually reinforcing relationships with pain and prescription opioid use. By bringing together contributions from neuroscience, pain psychiatry, clinical epidemiology, pharmacoepidemiology, clinical trials, and research on social determinants of health, this volume integrates currently siloed areas of investigation and clinical knowledge. Readers will come to understand the central role of depression, other psychiatric disorders, and social determinants that contribute to pain management outcomes, the opioid epidemic, and our response to opioid dependence and opioid use disorder. By taking a multidisciplinary approach to compiling what is known about the relationships between pain, depression, other psychiatric disorders, and opioids, this work serves as a valuable resource for trainees and clinicians working in a range of healthcare settings while also spawning new directions for researchers.
Introduction
Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been widely used for improving psychological symptoms and sleep quality in breast cancer patients and has a positive impact on posttraumatic growth and immunology. Moreover, MBSR is increasingly being used in cancer-related fatigue (CRF) intervention studies for breast cancer patients, but conflicting results also exist.
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MBSR on CRF in patients with breast cancer.
Methods
A comprehensive computer search of the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China Biomedical Document Service System, China Knowledge Infrastructure Engineering, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP databases was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before April 10, 2023, were identified. The primary outcome was cancer-related fatigue associated with breast cancer. Two researchers independently screened the studies, extracted the data, and evaluated the methodological quality of the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Meta-analysis of the outcome indicators was performed using STATA 16.0 software.
Results
A total of 13 studies were included, including 1992 patients (997 patients in the MBSR group and 1015 patients in the control group). Compared with conventional care, MBSR significantly alleviated the symptoms of CRF in breast cancer patients (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI [-0.42, -0.22], z=6.54, p<.01). Under the supervision of experts, the 8-week MBSR had a great influence on CRF, especially in the Asian population.
Conclusions
MBSR is effective in the treatment of CRF induced by breast cancer, and no obvious adverse effects occur; thus, MBSR can be recommended as a beneficial adjuvant therapy for treating CRF in breast cancer patients.
Systematic review registration
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021245365.
This paper explores the Vedic foundations of secular mindfulness, particularly examining the influences of Advaita Vedānta, Patañjali Yoga, and Haṭha Yoga systems on the development of contemporary mindfulness practices, specifically as popularized by Jon Kabat-Zinn through his Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program. While mindfulness is often recognized for its Buddhist origins, this research highlights the underexplored connections to Vedic contemplative traditions, demonstrating that secular mindfulness may owe a significant debt to these ancient systems. The study delves into key Vedic concepts such as intrinsic wholeness, perpetual availability, and non-duality, and compares them with the philosophical underpinnings of Kabat-Zinn's mindfulness approach. Through an analysis of primary Vedic texts and Kabat-Zinn's own writings, the paper argues that his secularization of mindfulness is not only an innovative adaptation but also deeply influenced by Vedic philosophy, particularly Advaita Vedānta. The findings suggest that secular mindfulness, as practiced today, may be more closely aligned with Vedic traditions than previously acknowledged, offering a new perspective on the historical and philosophical roots of this widely adopted practice.
The article discusses the mental states that arise in students during the initial and repeated professional self-determination (on the example of asthenia and anxiety states). At present, the global automation of the processes used in society is leading to a dynamic change in the areas of human activity. A person is in a state of uncertainty, “changeability” of his professional path, experiences anxiety and the inability to predict, which forms certain mental states that affect the mental health of a person and affect the socio-economic aspects of the country's development. There is a need to consider mental states in the process of professional self-determination and tools for their self-regulation. The respondents of our study were 43 undergraduate students and 50 students of master's and retraining programs. The age of the respondents ranges from 18 to 50 years. To identify mental states and the level of awareness of students, a clinical questionnaire was used to identify and evaluate neurotic states (K. K.Yakhin, D. M.Mendelevich) and a five-factor questionnaire of awareness (FFMQ). The results were processed using the method of univariate analysis of variance. As a result of the study, it was determined that undergraduate students have an increased level of asthenia and anxiety regarding graduate students and professional retraining students. Students of professional retraining show the ability to describe their experience and the ability to reflect. After testing themselves in professional activities, students of professional retraining understand their further professional path of development and do not doubt the correctness of their choice, unlike bachelor's and master's students.
Background
In oncology, the suffering of patients and the burnout of health professionals are key issues. Mindfulness meditation is a holistic approach that can help to improve well-being. While numerous studies have shown the benefits of meditation for both patients and health professionals, the added value of offering shared meditation to groups of patients, health professionals and third persons has not been assessed. Beyond strengthening the relationship between carers and patients, opening up meditation sessions to third parties (neither carers nor patients) enables patients to escape the stigma of their illness. We previously conducted a pilot study that validated the feasibility and the relevance of shared meditation with a specifically designed programme.
Methods/Design
IMPLIC-2 is a two-arm randomised study designed to assess the added value of this meditation programme (optimised following the pilot study), particularly for cancer patients (our target population). People motivated to follow the programme, without previous regular practice of meditation and able to participate in the sessions are eligible. The study will include 96 participants: 16 health professionals, 16 third persons and 64 patients. The latter will be randomized in two arms: the experimental arm (“Shared” meditation) consisting of 4 mixed groups of 8 patients, 4 health professionals and 4 third parties, and the control arm (“Patient” meditation) consisting of 2 groups of 16 patients. Validated questionnaires will be used to measure the effects of the programme, notably in terms of quality of life, perceived stress, feelings of self-efficacy, qualities of mindfulness and self-compassion, and carers’ burn-out. Participants' perception of a change in their quality of life and satisfaction will be measured at the end of the programme. A complementary qualitative focus-group approach will be used to optimise implementation of the programme beyond the study.
Discussion
The well-being of oncology patients would be improved. Dealing with overworked carers would have a beneficial impact on the way they interact with patients. In addition, encounters between the three types of population will allow otherness to be viewed differently and alleviate suffering by promoting collective humanity.
Trial Registration
NCT06041607, registered: 09/18/2023.
Protocol version
Version n°1.2 dated from 08/29/2023.
This paper explores the Vedic foundations of secular mindfulness, particularly examining the influences of Advaita Vedānta, Patañjali Yoga, and Haṭha Yoga systems on the development of contemporary mindfulness practices, specifically as popularized by Jon Kabat-Zinn through his Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program. While mindfulness is often recognized for its Buddhist origins, this research highlights the underexplored connections to Vedic contemplative traditions, demonstrating that secular mindfulness may owe a significant debt to these ancient systems. The study delves into key Vedic concepts such as intrinsic wholeness, perpetual availability, and non-duality, and compares them with the philosophical underpinnings of Kabat-Zinn's mindfulness approach. Through an analysis of primary Vedic texts and Kabat-Zinn's own writings, the paper argues that his secularization of mindfulness is not only an innovative adaptation but also deeply influenced by Vedic philosophy, particularly Advaita Vedānta. The findings suggest that secular mindfulness, as practiced today, may be more closely aligned with Vedic traditions than previously acknowledged, offering a new perspective on the historical and philosophical roots of this widely adopted practice.
Chronic migraine is a debilitating headache disorder that is associated with excessive analgesic use. As the long-term use of analgesics could cause additional headaches due to medication overuse, there is a need to probe efficient nonprophylactic alternatives and migraineurs’ long-term adherence to such possible treatments. This protocol investigates the integration of neurofeedback and mindfulness which are the two common nonpharmacological therapies for migraines. We offer the use of portable EEG headbands for easy home-based data collection and consistent data access from researchers. In order to evaluate the efficacy of this recommended intervention, this is a protocol for a randomized control trial with a waitlisted group and an intervention group consisting of a daily attention task. The protocol presents important criteria which should be checked for consistency in longitudinal data collection from adults with chronic migraine.
There is a need to better understand what works, for whom, and in what circumstances, in the context of workplace mental well‐being. Among the various interventions used within business settings for employee mental well‐being, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness are two of the most studied empirically. To‐date, there have been no systematic reviews of this specific literature, meaning we presently lack clarity with regard to overall findings and reliability. The purpose of this paper is to provide a refined summary of the interventions, measures, and outcomes, to inform future research and support decision making within corporate organizations. A search of APAPsycArticles, APAPsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases from the start of records to June 2024, supplemented by reference list reviews and Google Scholar searches, retrieved 16,018 papers. English language experimental studies of CBT and/or mindfulness interventions for white‐collar private sector employees were eligible. Following duplicate removal and title and abstract reviews, 99 manuscripts were read in full, with 37 papers selected. Seventeen studies delivered CBT and 20 delivered mindfulness. There were 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 8 controlled clinical trials, and 7 single cohort trials. Interventions were delivered in‐person, online and via telephone. Both CBT and mindfulness were associated with improvements in employee mental well‐being, with the evidence for mindfulness more robust. Online interventions typically saw higher rates of participant attrition. We conclude that both CBT and mindfulness can improve mental well‐being among private sector white‐collar employees. However, this finding is not unequivocal. More RCTs would enhance the literature.
Las intervenciones basadas en mindfulness (IBM) constituyen una herramienta útil para manejar el estrés asociado a la vida académica del alumnado universitario. En los últimos tiempos han empezado a implementarse en formato online, emergiendo como una alternativa eficaz y accesible en diferentes contextos. Actualmente, hay pocas investigaciones sobre sus implicaciones en ambientes académicos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar la efectividad de una IBM online para reducir los niveles de estrés académico y optimizar las estrategias de afrontamiento de estudiantes universitarios. Se realizó un diseño cuasiexperimental, con un grupo experimental (GE) y un grupo control (GC) con medición pretest-postest, utilizando como instrumento de medida dos escalas del Cuestionario de Estrés Académico (CEA; Cabanach et al., 2009), relacionadas con las respuestas psicofisiológicas de estrés (R-CEA) y las estrategias de afrontamiento (A-CEA). La muestra estuvo formada por 87 alumnos del primer curso de la Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte de la Universidad de Extremadura. 20 de ellos, se ofrecieron voluntariamente para formar parte del GE y participar en un programa de mindfulness online de ocho semanas. Los resultados indicaron que el GE obtuvo puntuaciones promedio superiores en las dimensiones del estrés académico y del afrontamiento tras la intervención, en comparación con el GC. Sin embargo, las diferencias encontradas no alcanzaron significancia estadística. Estos hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de mejorar la planificación y el diseño de las intervenciones online, ofreciendo períodos de seguimiento más extensos para analizar sus efectos a largo plazo y comparar los resultados obtenidos endiferentes poblaciones y contextos.
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (prototype). The objectives are as follows: This systematic review aims to summarize the available scientific literature on the effect of mindfulness‐based approaches in children and adults with Chronic Tic Disorder (CTD) or Tourette Disorder (TD). More specifically, the research question is: What is the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions in reducing tic severity and improving overall functioning, quality of life, and co‐occurring symptoms in children and adults with CTD or TD?
Traditional CBT engages the individual to emphasize discrepancy-based processing, whereas mindfulness-based therapy focuses on 'accepting' and 'allowing what is' mode, without any kind of immediate emotional stress to change. Mindfulness-based psychotherapies work on a deeper level, instead of clarifying each event into positive and negative, it allows to enhance the individual abilities to learn and observe their anxiety with kindness, and curiosity and become relaxed with being anxious. Ten individuals diagnosed with coronavirus phobia were taken from OPD of CIIMHANS, Dewada, Chhattisgarh. Amongst these, five individuals were randomly distributed in the experimental group (MBCT group) and control group (TAU group). The nature of the sample was purposive sampling. Outcome variables were measured by four scales, i.e., Fear of COVID-19, Perceived Vulnerability to Disease, HAM-A, and PGWBS. MBCT group was provided with the MBCBT therapy program. The therapeutic program consisted of approximately 16-22 sessions. Improvements were found after post-treatment in fear intensity, perceived vulnerability to infectibility and germ aversion, anxiety level, and psychological general well-being measures. Significantly reduced fear intensity, perceived vulnerability, anxiety level, and positive general well-being were also evident over time from pre- to follow. In conclusion, the present study suggests that MBCT helps people with coronavirus phobia develop higher anxiety tolerance, and emotional regulatory competencies to regulate irrational anxiety.
Mindfulness can improve mental health and clinical conditions including psychosis, and modulate attentional processes including salience, an automatic mechanism to guide attention towards outstanding elements or ideas. Aberrant salience, the exaggerated assignment of salience, is associated with psychotic experiences, but the effects of mindfulness on aberrant salience are unexplored. To address this, we conducted a pre-post-intervention pilot study, with 21 participants undergoing an 8-week course of Mindfulness-Based Health Promotion (MBHP). Quantitative and qualitative measurements were conducted before (T0), immediately after (T1), and three months after the course (T2). Primary outcome was aberrant salience (Aberrant Salience Inventory, ASI). Secondary outcomes included quantitative scales on mindful attention (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, MAAS) and decentering (Experiences Questionnaire, EQ), and qualitative reports on participation motivations, preferred practices, learnings, and stress management. Correlations included quantitative changes over time (T1-T0, T2-T0, and T2-T1). The results show that the ASI factor Heightened Cognition increased post-course (T1-T0), while ASI Heightened Emotionality (T2-T0) and total aberrant salience (T2-T1) decreased. MAAS and EQ scores increased (T1-T0, T2-T0). MAAS scores (T1-T0, T2-T0) correlated negatively with ASI Heightened Emotionality (T2-T0). Qualitative analyses indicated consistent stressors but improved stress management, applying the course contents and integrating mindfulness into everyday life, even three months afterward. In conclusion, along with improved well-being and stress management, mindfulness might modify pre-attentional and attentional processes such as reduced aberrant salience, besides enhanced mindful attention and decentering. Importantly, mindful attention might predict and promote aberrant salience reductions, warranting future research on treatment approaches and mechanisms of mindfulness in psychosis.
Background: Trait mindfulness, the tendency to attend to present-moment experiences without judgement, is negatively correlated with adolescent anxiety and depression. Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying trait mindfulness may inform the neural basis of psychiatric disorders. However, few studies have identified brain connectivity states that correlate with trait mindfulness in adolescence, nor have they assessed the reliability of such states. Methods: To address this gap in knowledge, we rigorously assessed the reliability of brain states across 2 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan from 106 adolescents aged 12 to 15 (50% female). We performed both static and dynamic functional connectivity analyses and evaluated the test-retest reliability of how much time adolescents spent in each state. For the reliable states, we assessed associations with self-reported trait mindfulness. Results: Higher trait mindfulness correlated with lower anxiety and depression symptoms. Static functional connectivity (ICCs from 0.31-0.53) was unrelated to trait mindfulness. Among the dynamic brains states we identified, most were unreliable within individuals across scans. However, one state, an hyperconnected state of elevated positive connectivity between networks, showed good reliability (ICC=0.65). We found that the amount of time that adolescents spent in this hyperconnected state positively correlated with trait mindfulness. Conclusions: By applying dynamic functional connectivity analysis on over 100 resting-state fMRI scans, we identified a highly reliable brain state that correlated with trait mindfulness. The brain state may reflect a state of mindfulness, or awareness and arousal more generally, which may be more pronounced in those who are higher in trait mindfulness.
The article describes new methods and techniques that allow people to focus on the present moment and effectively respond to the challenges that arise in war conditions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the concept of "mindfulness" in psychology and to theoretically substantiate the mindfulness technique for the development of students' resilience in war conditions. 50 students of specialties 053 Psychology and 231 Social work (I-II courses) of Uman State Pedagogical University named after Pavlo Tychyna participated in the empirical study. The age of the subjects is 17–35 years. Psychodiagnostic methods were used: S. Cohen and G. Willianson's "Test for Self-Assessment of Personality Stress Resistance", S. Muddy's "Resistance to Life Test" (adapted by D. O. Leontiev and O. I. Rasskazova), "Methods of Coping Behavior" questionnaire by R. Lazarus. The results of the study indicate that practicing mindfulness can increase a person's level of resilience, which allows them to better withstand the difficulties and respond to the challenges of war. Increasing psychological resilience in students will help maintain emotional balance in wartime, and regular mindfulness practice will help reduce reactions to stressful events, which is extremely important in a military environment where stress can be constant. The proposed mindfulness techniques can be used by students, practical psychologists, teachers, as well as parents to overcome or reduce anxiety, stress and help maintain mental health. The use of mindfulness techniques will contribute to the harmony between mental and emotional intelligence, which is manifested in an increase in the level of mental health, the use of emotions as an effective means of improving the quality of life, the ability to restore inner harmony and peace, as well as the ability to act judiciously.
This study was conducted to examine the relationship between trait mindfulness and cognitive ability. For this study, we selected 109 samples by using incidental random sampling. Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Cognitive Ability Test (CAT) were used to assess the mindfulness traits and cognitive ability respectively. SPSS 16 version software was utilized for data analysis. FFMQ and its dimensions scores was significantly correlated with the of CAT total scores. This suggests that those who have higher mindfulness traits they are more likely to be good cognitive ability. Furthermore, other mindfulness facets like Observing, Describing, and Nonreactivity facets, show positive connections with the CAT scores, suggesting that individuals with better mindfulness in these domains also often possess superior cognitive ability. These findings highlight the complex link between cognitive function and mindfulness, indicating that some mindfulness features may be crucial for improving cognitive function.
Recovering from work is essential for maintaining occupational well-being, health, motivation, and performance, but recovery is often difficult to achieve. In this study, we evaluated and compared the effectiveness of two (parallel) interventions aimed at promoting recovery: one based on mindfulness and one involving applying cognitive-behavioral strategies. Both interventions were embedded in a measurement burst design, which allowed us to examine the mechanisms underlying change or intervention success. To explore mechanisms of change, we used the stressor detachment model as a theoretical framework. We operationalized the interventions' effects in three ways: as changes from pretest to posttest, as changes in daily states, and as changes in daily associations. To this end, we used intensive longitudinal data to examine the roles that daily negative activation plays in detachment and strain. In a randomized controlled trial (N = 393), we administered three assessments of traits: pretest, posttest (8 weeks later), and follow-up (3 months after the posttest). We also administered 2 work weeks of experience sampling questionnaires (preintervention and postintervention). Latent change models and Bayes factor equivalence tests revealed that both interventions substantially—and to a similar extent—increased detachment. Bayesian multilevel path models showed improvements in all state variables, including improvements in negative activation, and provided some evidence that mindfulness-based and cognitive-behavioral approaches might tackle different processes at the daily level. We discuss theoretical implications for the literature on recovery from work and specifically for the stressor detachment model.
This study explores how Buddhist mindfulness as a self-reflective practice helps individuals respond to a paradox and ultimately dismantle it. To deeply immerse myself into this context, I conducted a nine-month ethnographic fieldwork in three Korean Buddhist temples that confront the paradox between the need for financial resources and spiritual values that disavow money. The findings show a series of cognitive mechanisms that reveal multiple roles of mindfulness, manifested as silence and skepticism of language. First, the monastic environment enables monks to become familiar with a life of silence that turns their attention to the inner mind from the external-empirical world. The silence serves as a mental buffer when monks switch between their sacred role and their business role. Over time, deep silence directs them to skepticism of language that triggers doubt on preexisting linguistic categories, boundaries, and separations. When the preexisting linguistic categories finally disappear in their mind, monks no longer rely on any differentiating or integrating tactic to navigate their paradox. In other words, they no longer perceive a paradox, which means the paradox has disappeared from their life. These cognitive mechanisms construct the monks’ worldview on contradictions, conflicts, and dualities, leading them from the experience of paradox to a unique mental state, the nonexperience of paradox. Integrating this mental state and the worldview of Buddhist monks with paradox research, this study theorizes a Buddhist mindfulness view of paradox.
Funding: This work was supported by Chulalongkorn University.
Amaç: Bu çalışmada yeme farkındalığı ile besinlerin günlük tüketilen porsiyon miktarları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya 19-45 yaş arasında 127’si erkek, 205’i kadın, toplam 332 yetişkin birey katılmıştır. Araştırma verileri çevrim içi anket formu ile toplanmıştır. Yeme farkındalığı (YF), Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği (YFÖ-30) kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği, toplam puan ve alt faktör puanlarının ortalaması alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Üç ve üzeri puanlar YF’nin yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Bireylerin günlük tükettikleri besinlerin porsiyon miktarları Türkiye’ye Özgü Besin ve Beslenme Rehberi’ne göre değerlendirilerek besin tüketimi verileri elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin yeme farkındalığı yüksek (3.29±0.46) bulunmuştur. Alt faktörlerden duygusal yeme puanı erkeklerde, yeme kontrolü ve bilinçli beslenme puanı ise kadınlarda daha yüksektir (p<0.05). Besinlerin günlük tüketilen porsiyon miktarı ve yağ tüketim miktarı cinsiyete göre farklı değildir (p>0.05). Sadece günlük şeker tüketimi erkeklerde daha fazladır (p<0.05). Ekmek-tahıl grubu besinlerin tüketilen porsiyon miktarı arttıkça YFÖ-30 toplam puanı ve farkındalık, enterferans hariç tüm alt faktör puanları azalmıştır (p<0.05). Süt grubu besinlerin porsiyon miktarı ile yeme disiplini puanı arasında pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Yapılan regresyon analizi sonucuna göre YFÖ-30 toplam puanındaki varyansın %7.4’ünü ekmek-tahıl grubu ve sebze-meyve grubu besinlerin porsiyon miktarı açıklarken %1.7’sini ise günlük tüketilen yağ miktarı açıklamıştır. Ekmek-tahıl grubu besinlerin porsiyon miktarı, günlük tüketilen yağ miktarı YFÖ-30 toplam puanı üzerinde anlamlı bağımsız değişkenlerdir (p<0.001). Sonuç: YF, porsiyon kontrolü sağlamada, sağlıklı besinlerin seçiminde etkili olabilir. Yeme farkındalığı düşük olanlarda özellikle ekmek-tahıl grubu besinlerin tüketimi fazladır. Sağlıklı beslenmede YF uygulamaları davranış değişikliği açısından bireylere fayda sağlayacaktır.
Antecedentes:
La infertilidad incrementa el estrés y afecta la calidad de vida.
Objetivo:
Evaluar el efecto de mindfulness (atención plena) sobre la ansiedad, estrés y calidad de vida de mujeres infértiles.
Material y métodos:
Estudio exploratorio en pacientes tratadas por infertilidad más una intervención de ocho semanas con mindfulness (grupo MND) o solo tratamiento de la infertilidad (grupo de control). Al inicio y después de ocho semanas se evaluaron la ansiedad (Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado), la calidad de vida (FertiQoL), y las concentraciones salivales de α-amilasa y cortisol. Se utilizó estadística no paramétrica, con α = 0.10.
Resultados:
14 mujeres del grupo MND y 15 del grupo de control completaron el seguimiento. Al inicio, las pacientes del grupo de control mostraron mejor calidad de vida; las puntuaciones de ansiedad correlacionaron negativamente con la calidad de vida. Al final, el incremento de cortisol (p = 0.097) y amilasa (p = 0.039) fueron mayores en el grupo de control. Los incrementos en la calidad de vida se asociaron a ansiedad basal (p = 0.002), incremento en la subescala tolerabilidad (p < 0.001) y mindfulness (p = 0.014).
Conclusión:
Los resultados sugieren que mindfulness disminuye el estrés y mejora la calidad de vida de pacientes bajo tratamiento de la infertilidad.
This study examines the complex connections between students' resilience, self-worth, and mental health while taking gender and residential area disparities into account. Assessing the connection between resilience and self-esteem, resilience and, mental health, and the positive relationship between resilience and mental health are among the goals. Data on these factors were gathered from a sample of participants using a correlational study methodology, and statistical analyses were carried out using Pearson correlation coefficients. The results show a strong beneficial relationship between students' resilience, self-worth, and mental health. The examination of gender and residential area differences also revealed differences in self-esteem, resilience, and mental health among the various demographic groups. Although correlational research cannot prove causation, these findings provide important light on the possible connections between these variables, laying the groundwork for additional research and intervention initiatives to promote students' overall growth, well-being, and academic achievement
Background: Mindful eating is a concept that is increasingly being used to promote healthy eating. Observational studies have suggested associations with healthier eating behaviors, lower weight status, and favorable cardiovascular biomarkers. However, existing scales assessing mindful eating have some limitations. Our study aimed to develop and validate a scale assessing the level of mindful eating in a general population.
Methods: The Mind-Eat Scale was developed in four main steps: 1. Generating an initial item pool covering all aspects of mindful eating; 2. Reviewing items with experts and naive individuals; 3. Administering the scale to a large and representative sample from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (N=3102); 4. Conducting psychometric analyses. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory (EFA) (N1=1302) and confirmatory (CFA) (N2=1302, N3=498) factor analyses. Content, discriminant, convergent, and divergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were examined.
Results: The initial pool of 95 items was refined to 24 items using EFA. The EFA highlighted six dimensions: Awareness, Non-reactivity, Openness, Gratitude, Non-judgement, and Hunger/Satiety, consisting of four items per dimension. CFAs showed a good fit for first and second-order models. Adequate content validity was confirmed. Discriminant, convergent, and divergent validity were supported by significant differences between subgroups of individuals, and correlations with eating behaviors and psychological well-being scales. The Mind-Eat Scale showed good reliability for all six dimensions, with high McDonald's ω and adequate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).
Conclusions: This study validated the first tool assessing a total mindful eating score and its sub-dimensions in a general population. This scale can be an asset for clinical and epidemiological research on dietary behavior and related chronic diseases.
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