Resisting Genocides. The Multiple Forms of Rescue
Abstract
Every genocide in history has been notable for the minority of brave individuals and groups who put their own lives at risk to rescue its would be victims. Based on three case studies--the genocides of the Armenians, the Jews and the Rwandese Tutsi--this book is the first international comparative and multidisciplinary attempt to make rescue an object of research, while breaking free of the notion of "The Righteous Among the Nations." The result is an exceptionally rich and disturbing volume. While it is impossible to distill or describe what makes an individual into a rescuer, acts of rescue reveal a historical fact: the existence of an informal, underground network of rescuers-- however fragile--as soon as genocides get underway, and in every geographical and social context. (Résumé éditeur)
... A Global Centre for R2P at the City University of New York was created to initiate, develop, and coordinate research and advocacy, and the R2P has gradually evolved from a norm ) into a policy instrument (Thakur & Weiss, 2009), or in the expression of Ban Ki-Moon from words to deeds (2007). Many scholars published on R2P over the years sharing the view that R2P is a global norm that need global efforts in strengthening and operationalizing (Fiott & Koops, 2014;Orford, 2011;Semelin, 2011;Thakur, 2011). Many expressed also concerns seeing lack of will to protect people in specific situations and appealed for continuous robust international attention and action, so that the norm is not ignored or diminished Hehir, 2010;Reinold, 2010). ...
... Sin embargo los historiadores han mostrado que los ayudadores no solo diferían en la cualidad moral de sus acciones sino también respecto a la intensidad de los modos en que eran activos (Benz et al., 1996(Benz et al., -2004Grabowski, 2008;Moore, 2010;Sémelin et al., 2011). Sus estudios confirman que los ayudadores venían de todo tipo de orígenes, tenían motivaciones diferentes, lo que ofrece una amplia variedad de razones para explicar su comportamiento, también tenían recursos y socializaciones variables. ...
Este artículo explora la aplicabilidad del programa informático VennMaker para la investigación histórica. El artículo se apoya en dos casos de estudio de investigaciones históricas actuales orientadas a estudiar las redes y que cubren diferentes periodos de tiempo y distintas fuentes. La mayor ventaja de VennMaker es que invierte el proceso de recolección de datos. Mientras que los programas tradicionales utilizan datos pre-codificados para producir el mapa de una red, VennMaker genera los datos mientras que el investigador dibuja los nodos y crea el mapa de una red. Las bases de datos de matrices prefabricadas ya no son necesarias; por lo tanto, el programa puede ser utilizado fácilmente por historiadores que no se han formado en las ciencias sociales. Los dos casos incluyen el análisis de una estructura familiar en la historia antigua y las redes ego-centradas de judíos que se escondían durante el Nacional-Socialismo. Artumentamos que una representación visual de las relaciones sociales ayuda a revelar modelos invisibles y caracerísticas de las redes que ofrecen a los investigadores nuevas perspectivas sobre sus temas de investigación. El programa ofrece una variedad de herramientas para representar las relaciones sociales y su desarrollo a lo largo del tiempo y del espacio.
... Historians have however shown that helpers not only differed with regard to the moral qualities of their actions but also with regard to the intensity and the ways in which they were active (Benz et al., 1996(Benz et al., -2004Grabowski, 2008;Moore, 2010;Sémelin et al., 2011). Their studies confirm that helpers came from all sorts of social backgrounds, had different motives, giving a large variety of different reasons to explain their behavior, as well, they had varying incomes and socializations. ...
This paper explores the applicability of the software VennMaker to historical research. The paper draws on two case studies from current network-oriented historical research projects, covering different time periods and sources. VennMaker’s biggest advantage is that it inverts the process of data collection. While traditional software uses pre-coded data to produce a network map, VennMaker generates data while the researcher draws nodes and creates a network map. Prefabricated data matrices are no longer necessary; therefore, the software can easily be used by historians lacking training in the social sciences. Our two cases include an analysis of a family structure in ancient history and ego-networks of Jews in hiding during National Socialism. We argue that a visual representation of social relations helps to reveal unseen patterns and characteristics of networks therefore offering scholars new perspectives on their research subjects. The software offers a variety of tools to represent social relations and their development over time and space.
http://revista-redes.rediris.es/html-vol21/vol21_8e.htm
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The article offers a critical examination of “borrowing” as a form of interdisciplinary engagement between psychology and history. This is where specific insights from one discipline are used (often selectively) by the other to shed light on a specific problem regarding experience, human motivation, or behavior. Using two studies on the social psychological aspects of the Holocaust as relevant examples, the article highlights some of the epistemological and conceptual tensions implicit in this form of interdisciplinarity. These include the role of narrative and emplotment in historical reconstruction, the relationship between texts and historical context, the role of discourse and interpretation, and the tension between universalism and particularism. The article considers the different ways in which some of these challenges could be overcome in future research, and how one might take the interdisciplinary study of the Holocaust, but also other instances of mass crimes and genocide, beyond selective “borrowing.”
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