... The finding that oral communicative competence is related to social preference is interesting, because there are various means to affect oral communicative competence (Mol, Bus, de Jong, & Smeets, 2008 Veen, 2022). Dialogic classroom talk is a type of classroom talk during which teachers encourage children to actively participate, carefully listen to one another, share and expand their ideas, think together, and reflect on their contributions (Mehan & Cazden, 2015;Van der Veen, De Mey, Van Kruistum, & Van Oers, 2017;Van der Veen, Dobber, & Van Oers, 2018). In addition to oral communicative competence, it has been shown that dialogic classroom talk positively affects children's intrinsic motivation and vocabulary (Kiemer, Gröschner, Pehmer, & Seidel, 2015;Wasik, Hindman, & Snell, 2016). ...