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Proceedings of the 16th International Conference “Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication”
(RelStat’16), 19–22 October 2016, Riga, Latvia, p. 509–514. ISBN 978-9984-818-83-2
Transport and Telecommunication Institute, Lomonosova 1, LV-1019, Riga, Latvia
6&+('8/,1*$1'5287,1*$/*25,7+06
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Wojciech BoĪejko1, Radosáaw Grymin2, JarosáawPempera3
1Department of Control Systems and Mechatronics, Faculty of Electronics
Wrocáaw University of Science and Technology
WybrzeĪe WyspiaĔskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocáaw, Poland
Ph.: +48 71 320 2468
e-mails: {wojciech.bozejko, radoslaw.grymin, jaroslaw.pempera}@pwr.edu.pl
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