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Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
... The difference between the covariance matrix of the model and the empirical covariance matrix was quantified using the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). This is the square root of the difference between the residuals of the empirical covariance matrix and the theoretical covariance matrix (Hu & Bentler, 1999). The desired value should be less than 0.5, and values less than or equal to 0.08 are also acceptable (Hu & Bentler, 1999). ...
... This is the square root of the difference between the residuals of the empirical covariance matrix and the theoretical covariance matrix (Hu & Bentler, 1999). The desired value should be less than 0.5, and values less than or equal to 0.08 are also acceptable (Hu & Bentler, 1999). Next, the comparative fit index (CFI) was used to examine the difference between the data and the hypothesis model, taking into account the sample size. ...
... Next, the comparative fit index (CFI) was used to examine the difference between the data and the hypothesis model, taking into account the sample size. A value greater than or equal to 0.95 is considered a good result, a value between 0.92 and 0.94 is considered a fair result, and a value between 0.90 and 0.91 is considered an acceptable result (Hu & Bentler, 1999). The obtained values of the statistics correspond to the stated requirements. ...
This article examines innovative aspects of the development of tourism regions in Europe. The article aims to determine the intensity of the perception of innovation in the tourism region as a problem in its development. The ambition of the article is to assess the problems in the development of tourism regions in Europe in the field of innovation as a possible starting point for optimizing changes in local and regional tourism policy. The research analyses the positions of 95 regional tourism experts from 17 European countries. The database was based on a databank of 150 representatives of academia and 275 representatives of regional tourism organizations. To analyse the properties of categorical data and the relationships between them, we used Gamma, Kendall’s Tau-b, Somers’ D C|R, Spearman correlation coefficient, Phi Coefficient, Contingency Coefficient, Cramer’s V and the decision tree algorithm. The maturity of the innovation environment of tourism regions and their level of development influence the perception of innovations as a problem in their development. Southern European tourism regions perceive innovation as a problem in their development most intensively. Tourism regions with stronger innovation activity have a well-established quality management system and a comprehensive and systematically addressed supply of seasonal and off-season products. Tourism regions ranked in the emerging innovator group perceive the specified problems in the implementation of innovations more intensively. This reflects the lack of coordination of the product portfolio, both in terms of range and quality, in countries where the innovation environment is poorly developed. A key recommendation to mitigate the perception of innovations as a problem in the development of Europe’s tourism regions is to focus attention on the implementation of regional policy instruments that stimulate the participation of tourism in the synergy effects of the existing innovation environment of the economy.
... The relevant results are presented in Table 5. As a result of the CFA applied, it is observed that all structures have good and acceptable goodness-of-fit coefficients, except for perceived usefulness in Table 5 where the model goodness-of-fit coefficients are examined in particular (Hu & Bentler, 1999;Tabachnick & Fidell, 2012;Hair et al., 2019). Since the perceived usefulness structure consists of three (3) items, the coefficient of goodness of fit could not be calculated (Hair et al., 2019). ...
... In the evaluation of the measurement model, the goodness of fit coefficients of the model were examined first. In this context, one of the goodness-of-fit parameters is x2/df = 3.228; CFI = 0.945; SRMR = 0.045; The determination of RMSEA = 0.082 indicates that the model has acceptable and good goodness-of-fit coefficients (Hu & Bentler, 1999;Tabachnick & Fidell, 2012;Hair et al., 2019). Secondly, the factor loads of the structures in the model were examined and it was determined that these loads were well above the 0.50 threshold (Hair et al., 2017, p. 102). ...
... In the evaluation phase of the structural model, firstly, the coefficients of goodness of fit of the model tested as a structural model were examined (x2/df = 3.841; CFI = 0.928; SRMR = 0.082; RMSEA = 0.093) and it was determined that the results were in the range of acceptable goodness-of-fit coefficients (Hu and Bentler, 1999;Tabachnick and Fidell, 2012;Hair et al., 2019). Therefore, when it was concluded that the structural model was reliable, the hypotheses were tested and in Table 7, standardized beta coefficients (ß), non-standardized beta coefficients (B), standard errors (SE), critical ratios (CR) and the significance of beta coefficients (p) are presented. ...
This study aims to reveal the attitudes and intentions of consumers towards self check-out points in their grocery shopping. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to consumers who used the Migros Jet Kasa (self check-out) payment points in Migros shopping stores at least once. In this direction, the results of the survey answered by 383 people were analyzed. As a result of the study it has been observed that technology use proficiency has a positive effect on both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. From this point of view, it can be stated that when the ability to use technology increases, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness will increase. New technology concern does not significantly affect perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. On the other hand, perceived ease of use affects attitude significantly and positively. Similarly, perceived usefulness also affects attitude in a meaningful and positive way. Therefore, it can be said that when both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness increase, the attitude will increase in a positive way. Finally, attitude significantly and positively affects behavioral intention. It can be stated that when the attitude increases positively, the behavioral intention will also increase.
... Thirdly, confirmatory factor analysis was applied to examine the dimensions. The goodness of fit values suggested by Byrne (2010) and Hu and Bentler (1999) were considered in the confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, path analysis was applied via AMOS program to determine the effect of independent variable on dependent variables. ...
... The goodness-of-fit indices belong to reflective measurement model are shown in Table 4. These values are in the acceptable range according to Hu and Bentler (1999) and Byrne (2010). Factor loadings (FL) and average variance extracted (AVE) values were used to evaluate the convergent validity of the measurement model. ...
... In this study, after testing the adequacy of the measurement model, the structural model was tested to determine whether the hypotheses were supported or not. Goodnessof-fit values for the structural model are shown in Table 7. Hu and Bentler (1999) and Byrne (2010). ...
This study provides insights on gossip related organizational communication in the context of hospitality businesses and reveals the relationship between employees’ personal attitude for gossip and their perception of workplace gossip. A quantitative research approach was adopted, and data were collected from 451 hotel employees through the survey. The relationships were examined by using path analyzes through the AMOS program. Findings show that managerial gossip attitude influences perception of workplace gossip dimensions (comparison and exaggeration, fun and entertainment, physical appearance, flow of social-information, managerial, and sublimation). This study differs from similar studies in related field as it examines how employees perceive gossip in the work environment through their individual attitudes towards gossip.
... The overall adaptability test of the overall model for male students was conducted. Measures of absolute fit χ 2 /df, 4.025; RMSEA, 0.103; GFI, 0.803; and SRMR 0.0574 were close to the criterion value of 0.05 (Hu and Bentler, 1999). Incremental fit measures, namely, CFI, IFI, NFI, and NNFI were 0.861, 0.862, 0.824, and 0.800, respectively. ...
... and SRMR, .0498, were close to the criterion value of 0.05 (Hu and Bentler, 1999). Incremental fit measures, namely, CFI, IFI, NFI, and NNFI were 0.882, 0.883, 0.843, and 0.821, respectively. ...
... With a regression weight of − 0.32 that is significant at the oneper-mill level, SatFin plays a key role, too. These roles mean that the more the Browne and Cudeck (1993), Hu and Bentler (1999), Byrne (1989), MacCallum et al. (1996), Schermelleh-Engel et al. (2003), Weston and Gore (2006) We provide the fit indices for the full model in Panel A. Given the benchmark values from the literature referred to in the right column, our model has a very good fit. Panel B shows the squared multiple correlations (SMC) of the latent endogenous variables (proportion of explained variance) in which 48% of the variance is in participation in the financial market participation, 33% is in risk aversion, and 46% in financial literacy are explained by the latent variables. ...
... To evaluate the goodness-of-fit between the hypothesized model and the sample data, we calculate several fit indexes. As recommended in the literature, we use the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA); the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR); the adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI); and the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), the incremental-fit index (IFI), and the comparative-fit index (CFI) for baseline comparisons between the default model and independence model (see Browne and Cudeck 1993;Haughton et al. 1997;Hu and Bentler 1999;Byrne 1989Byrne , 2016MacCallum et al. 1996;Schermelleh-Engel et al. 2003;Weston and Gore 2006;Hair et al. 2010;Weiber and Mühlhaus 2014;Backhaus et al. 2015). According to the literature, the two main indexes are the RMSEA and the SRMR. ...
Our study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between financial literacy and households’ investments in risky assets. We estimate a structural equation model with data from the Panel on Household Finances of the German central bank. Our results show that although households’ net wealth is the dominant driver of investments in risky assets, financial literacy plays a remarkable role. Financial literacy has an indirectly positive influence on participation in the financial market. The higher the financial literacy, the lower is the risk aversion. The lower the risk aversion, the higher is the participation in the financial market.
... Here, values range from 0 to 1, and values over .95 are considered ideal (Hu & Bentler, 1999). Also, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), which analyses the discrepancy between the hypothesised model and the population covariance matrix and is sometimes referred to as 'badness-of-fit' test, was employed. ...
... Here, values range from 0 to 1, with a preference for values below .06 (Hu & Bentler, 1999). When analysing the factor structure of the teaching-related self-efficacy scale, two items (in the one factor) were allowed to covary. ...
The exploration of higher education (HE) teachers’ approaches to teaching has mainly been done using quantitative instruments which have been criticised for being too narrow in examining the dimensions of teaching. Higher education approaches to teaching (HEAT) inventory is a recently developed instrument to capture the dimensions of HE teaching more broadly. Moreover, teacher self-efficacy has been shown to be an important element influencing approaches to teaching, but still, the research on it has been scarce. The aims of the study are thus (1) to validate the HEAT inventory and (2) to explore what kind of individual teaching profiles can be identified among higher education teachers and their relation to teachers’ self-efficacy. The results showed that HEAT is a valid instrument to measure various dimensions of approaches to teaching and that several profiles of approaches to teaching can emerge among HE teachers. These profiles also differ in terms of teachers’ self-efficacy.
... direct or indirect (Brown & Moore, 2012). We tested the goodness of fit (Hu & Bentler, 1999) to ensure that our data fit the model well. ...
... The value of RMSEA (root mean square error of approximation) = .059 was within the acceptable limit of .05 or below (Hu & Bentler, 1999) and PCLOSE=.007. Using the rule of thumb, cutoff criteria for RMSEA=.08 (Wu et al., 2009). ...
How do universities encourage academics to buy into a shared vision while often setting punitive targets in teaching and research? This article explores possible antecedents of a university’s shared vision and its relationships with academics’ research and teaching performance in the era of managerialism. This cross-country study of two large universities in the UK and Vietnam draws on data from multiple sources to uncover the key components of a university’s shared vision. A survey strategy was adopted. Data were collected from different sources, using a stratified random sampling technique from academics of different schools at those universities. A total of 431 survey responses from academics at these universities were included for analysis, employing structure equation modelling. It provides fresh insights into whether having a shared vision can benefit academics’ research and teaching performance. The findings of this study show that while achieving a high degree of shared vision may enhance research performance, it may do little to improve teaching performance. The study provides empirical evidence indicating that a shared vision emerges as strongly rooted within individual employees rather than managers, challenging the common belief that a shared vision emanates primarily from the top down. This article advances social exchange theory (SET) by showing the interdependence of workplace antecedents, personal attributes, interpersonal connections, and performance. It introduces a framework for the relationship between universities’ shared vision with its possible antecedents and with academics’ teaching performance and research performance. The article also discusses useful implications for higher education leaders, based on the findings of the study.
... Several indicators of model fit were examined, including (a) the χ 2 Goodness of Fit statistic, (b) the Tucker Lewis Index (TLI), (c) the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), (d) the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), and (e) the comparative fit index (CFI). Consistent with recommendations in previous research, a model is considered to have a satisfactory fit if (a) its χ2/df ratio is below 3 (Kline, 2005), (b) CFI and TLI values are above 0.95 (Hu & Bentler, 1999), (c) SRMR is less than 0.08 (Hu & Bentler, 1999;MacCallum et al., 1996), (d) RMSEA values are at or below 0. 10 (MacCallum et al., 1996). ...
... Several indicators of model fit were examined, including (a) the χ 2 Goodness of Fit statistic, (b) the Tucker Lewis Index (TLI), (c) the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), (d) the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), and (e) the comparative fit index (CFI). Consistent with recommendations in previous research, a model is considered to have a satisfactory fit if (a) its χ2/df ratio is below 3 (Kline, 2005), (b) CFI and TLI values are above 0.95 (Hu & Bentler, 1999), (c) SRMR is less than 0.08 (Hu & Bentler, 1999;MacCallum et al., 1996), (d) RMSEA values are at or below 0. 10 (MacCallum et al., 1996). ...
We introduce new leader humility scales capturing a theoretically rich conceptualization of leader-expressed humility aligned with traditional and ethically-grounded philosophies. These scales draw from recent inductive research (Oc et al., 2015) identifying nine dimensions of leader-expressed humility: (1) having an accurate view of self, (2) recognizing follower strengths and achievements, (3) modeling teachability and being correctable, (4) leading by example, (5) showing modesty, (6) working together for the collective good, (7) empathy and approachability, (8) showing mutual respect and fairness, and (9) mentoring and coaching. The first three dimensions overlap with the most prominent conceptualization of leader-expressed humility in the literature (i.e., Owens et al., 2013). However, the latter six dimensions are unique and represent an expanded understanding of the humble behaviors of leaders, which have implications for leaders and their ethical behavior in organizations. We conducted three studies resulting in two versions of the leader-expressed humility measure: 1) a 27-item scale with the nine dimensions (i.e., the “Leader-Expressed Humility” [LEH] scale) and 2) a 9-item brief scale (i.e., the “Brief LEH” scale) comprised of one item from each of the nine dimensions. As an initial step, we generated a pool of items that reflected each dimension. Next, we validated the LEH and Brief LEH scales in Study 1 and cross-validated the Brief LEH scale in Study 2 with two samples of subordinates in Singapore. As a final step, in Study 3, we cross-validated the Brief LEH scale with a sample of subordinates in the United States.
... 57 To evaluate the models, a CFI > 0.95, RMSEA < 0.06, and SRMR < 0.08 were taken into account. 58 The model with the best fit was subjected to invariance according to sex and age, since both variables have been found to be involved in the therapeutic alliance; 27,48 for this purpose, a cut-off point of CFI > 0.001 and RMSEA < 0.015 was taken into account. 59 Internal consistency was evaluated with the omega coefficient, taking into account a cut-off point > 0.70. ...
... The network analysis module of the JASP software was used, applying the partial correlation estimator to control for the influence of all introduced variables, isolating only the "true" partial relationships between each variable. 58,59 In the network, blue paths are interpreted as positive partial correlations, and red paths, negative partial correlations. Additionally, to evaluate the stability and precision 60 of the associations, 2000 bootstrap samples were generated, producing multiple network samples from the observed data. ...
Background: Although the importance of the therapeutic alliance in the treatment process and health outcomes is recognized, so far, there has been no evaluation in the Peruvian context that considers possible individual differences that could influence this assessment.
Purpose: This study assessed the psychometric properties of the WAI-S-P in a sample of individuals from Peru who are receiving psychological therapy. Furthermore, a network analysis was conducted to investigate the direct relationships between the therapeutic alliance and several relevant sociodemographic variables.
Methods: The short version of the Working Alliance Inventory was used in a sample of 241 participants (Mage=32.58, SD=12.67) that had attended less than 6 sessions. Three models were considered, including a three-factor and a two-factor correlated model, as well as a bifactor model. In addition, a network of partial associations was created including the overall therapeutic alliance, sex, age, and number of psychotherapeutic sessions.
Results: The bifactor model, with an overall therapeutic alliance factor and two specific factors (“contact” and “contract”), better fit the data. Invariance of the structure by sex and age showed equitable measurement. On the other hand, network analysis revealed a positive correlation between total session attendance and therapeutic alliance. Men reported higher therapeutic alliance, while women had higher total session attendance.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the therapeutic alliance is better represented by a bifactor model and demonstrates invariance across sex and age in Peruvian adults. Additionally, findings indicate that differences in life experiences and the sex of patients may need to be verified in future studies to better understand nuanced needs in forming therapeutic alliances at least in the early stages of session attendance.
... On SPSS AMOS, we administered structural equation modelling to test our model. CFA was used (Hu & Bentler, 1999) to evaluate the model fit based on the values of chi square, comparative fit index (CFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and PClose (Table 2). CFA was used (Hu & Bentler, 1999) to evaluate the model fit based on the values of chi square, CFI and RMSEA and PClose (Table 2). ...
... CFA was used (Hu & Bentler, 1999) to evaluate the model fit based on the values of chi square, comparative fit index (CFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and PClose (Table 2). CFA was used (Hu & Bentler, 1999) to evaluate the model fit based on the values of chi square, CFI and RMSEA and PClose (Table 2). CFI values of over 0.9, SRMR of 0.048, RMSEA of 0.054 and PClose of 0.086 suggest a good fit. ...
Traditional education is shifting towards online instruction, and the temporary closure of educational institutions due to COVID‐19 has prompted its dramatic increase in the last couple of years. With additional benefits, such as flexible schedule, low cost and anywhere learning, online education will determine the near future of education. Due to the increase in Internet reach in India, face‐to‐face instructional methods to which students are habituated to can be substituted. This study aims to analyse students’ satisfaction with the parameters of awareness, challenges and benefits of using new technologies to learn online. With the help of a structured questionnaire and interactions with local inhabitants, the researchers obtained 430 samples from the outskirts of five different cities (Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai and Bengaluru) in India. A conceptual model was built around the constructs of awareness, challenges, benefits and student satisfaction, and their relationship was established and empirically tested. It is found that factors like challenges, benefits and awareness have a significant influence on student satisfaction with online learning. We also find that awareness helps in decreasing the challenges faced and increasing the value of benefits of online education for students.
... To adequately evaluate model fit, we considered several indices including: Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) and its 90% confidence interval, and the Weighted Root Mean Square Residual (WRMR). Following Hu and Bentler (1999) [29] and Distefano et al. (2018) [30], model fit was determined via consensus among these three indices: CFI values ≥ 0.95, SRMR values ≤ 0.08, and RMSEA values ≤ 0.06 suggest a good fit of the model to the data, whereas CFI values 0.90-0.94, SRMR values 0.09-0.10, ...
... To adequately evaluate model fit, we considered several indices including: Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) and its 90% confidence interval, and the Weighted Root Mean Square Residual (WRMR). Following Hu and Bentler (1999) [29] and Distefano et al. (2018) [30], model fit was determined via consensus among these three indices: CFI values ≥ 0.95, SRMR values ≤ 0.08, and RMSEA values ≤ 0.06 suggest a good fit of the model to the data, whereas CFI values 0.90-0.94, SRMR values 0.09-0.10, ...
Background
Although the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is one of the most widely used self-report assessments of eating disorder symptoms, evidence indicates potential limitations with its original factor structure and associated psychometric properties in a variety of populations, including sexual minority populations. The aims of the current investigation were to explore several previously published EDE-Q factor structures and to examine internal consistency and measurement invariance of the best-fitting EDE-Q model in a large community sample of cisgender gay men and cisgender lesbian women.
Methods
Data were drawn from 1624 adults (1060 cisgender gay men, 564 cisgender lesbian women) who participated in The PRIDE Study, a large-scale longitudinal cohort study of sexual and gender minorities from the United States. A series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to explore the fit of eight proposed EDE-Q models; internal consistency (Cronbach’s alphas, Omega coefficients) and measurement invariance (multi-group CFA) were subsequently evaluated.
Results
A brief seven-item, three-factor (dietary restraint, shape/weight overvaluation, body dissatisfaction) model of the EDE-Q from Grilo et al. (Obes Surg. 23:657–662, 2013), consistently evidenced the best fit across cisgender gay men and lesbian women. The internal consistencies of the three subscales were adequate in both groups, and measurement invariance across the groups was supported.
Conclusions
Taken together, these findings support the use of the seven-item, three-factor version of the EDE-Q for assessing eating disorder symptomatology in cisgender gay men and lesbian women. Future studies can confirm the current findings in focused examinations of the seven-item, three-factor EDE-Q in diverse sexual minority samples across race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and age ranges.
... The use of these indices reflects a detailed assessment of the model, where a chi-square below 3 indicates a good fit (Carmines & McIver, 1981), while RMSEA below 0.05 signifies a good model fit (Kline, 2005a, b). Both CFI and TLI with values of 0.95 and greater are considered good model fits (Hu & Bentler, 1999;Kline, 2005a, b), whereas SRMR below 0.08 displays excellent model fit (Dunn et al., 1993;Hu & Bentler, 1999;Kelloway, 1998). Turning to this study, the measurement model reflected an excellent fit to the data, as the chi-square = 1.55 (below 3), CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.95 (both greater than 0.90), RMSEA = 0.03 (below 0.05), and SRMR = 0.04 (less than 0.08) (see Table 2). ...
... The use of these indices reflects a detailed assessment of the model, where a chi-square below 3 indicates a good fit (Carmines & McIver, 1981), while RMSEA below 0.05 signifies a good model fit (Kline, 2005a, b). Both CFI and TLI with values of 0.95 and greater are considered good model fits (Hu & Bentler, 1999;Kline, 2005a, b), whereas SRMR below 0.08 displays excellent model fit (Dunn et al., 1993;Hu & Bentler, 1999;Kelloway, 1998). Turning to this study, the measurement model reflected an excellent fit to the data, as the chi-square = 1.55 (below 3), CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.95 (both greater than 0.90), RMSEA = 0.03 (below 0.05), and SRMR = 0.04 (less than 0.08) (see Table 2). ...
Although the technical and behavioral aspects of project success have been given due attention by previous scholars, the behavioral aspect demands more attention since the project manager and its employees play a crucial role in determining the success of a project and economy in return. Therefore, this study tested the relationship between knowledge leadership (KL) and project success (PS), along with the mediating role of knowledge sharing (KS) and the moderating role of employees’ work-related curiosity (WRC). Data were collected in three-time lags from 258 employees from information technology (IT) organizations across Pakistan. Purposive sampling technique was employed to approach the respondents. It was found that knowledge leadership facilitated subordinates and created a knowledge sharing environment that enabled the co-workers to share their expertise to accomplish tasks. This study provokes that it is vital for the organizations to choose managers with knowledge leadership capabilities that will promote the ability of the employees to share knowledge and devise approaches to provoke curiosity. There is no previous study identifying the relationship between knowledge leadership and project success. However, innovativeness requires refined mechanisms of knowledge sharing for continuous improvement and corrections.
... Similarly, the Corrected Fit Index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) are always greater than the indicated minimum value of 0.95 (Hu & Bentler, 1999). ...
... indicate an overall excellent model fit (Bentler, 1990;Hu & Bentler, 1999): χ 2 (48) = 238, p < 0.0001; RMSEA = 0.044; CFI and TLI are both greater than 0.90 (respectively 0.99 and 0.99); SRMR = 0.027. ...
Since recruiting high-potential employees is essential to be innovative and sustainable, scholars and practitioners advocate using attributes of general interest for employer branding. Through two empirical studies, this research investigates to what extent employer branding strategies can rely only on sustainability-related attributes to win the war for talent. Study 1 compares the effects of (corporate social responsibility) CSR and other sustainability-related symbolic attributes (namely originality and resilience) on applicants across different educational backgrounds. The results reveal that the applicants' attitudes towards these attributes vary across their social identities, especially concerning the search for employer originality, which is a proxy of organisational innovativeness. Study 2 focuses on how personal identities shape the reactions to different career growth opportunities. The experiment on engineering graduates reveals that those applicants aiming to advance their career faster (boundaryless) find advancement opportunities based on self-initiative more attractive than those based on organisational support, which further contrasts the belief that CSR-related attributes are universally effective. Results contribute to the employer branding theory by demonstrating that applicants' social and personal identities determine the effectiveness of CSR and other, previously unexplored, symbolic and instrumental employer attributes. They also provide employers with directions for designing effective recruiting strategies across educational backgrounds and career preferences.
... CFA was conducted for selection of suitable measurement model. In line with the specifications of Akhter et al. 2020 ;Fan, Thompson, and Wang (1999); Hu and Bentler (1999), the study specified threshold levels for fit indices (χ2/df < 3.00; RMSEA< 0.08, IFI/TLI/CFI ≥ 0.90). The responses were further analyzed to examine the hypothesized direct effects in SEM. ...
This study was conducted to examine the effect of stress on turnover intention and service quality of employees. The study further probed the mediating role of burnout in the hypothesized effects. The researchers took a sample of nursing and administrative staff from AJ&K. The study applied a dyadic approach and collected time lagged data to avoid common method biases. Data of stress, burnout and turnover intention were collected from health workers while of service quality from patients and attendants. For analysis, the study used AMOS and SPSS. The hypothesized direct effects were checked by applying SEM. PROCESS macro of Hayes (2013) was then applied for probing the mediating mechanism. The results show a positive (negative) effect of stress on turnover intention (service quality) of the employees. This effect was mediated by burnout. The study suggested interventions to manage the issue of stress for better service quality and retention of employees.
... When the confidence intervals for the parameter estimate do not include zero, it indicates that the indirect effect has achieved statistical significance at a p-value lower than .05. As per the recommendation of Hu & Bentler (1999), an acceptable model fit is determined by evaluating the values of the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) and the comparative fit index (CFI), which should both be greater than 0.90. Additionally, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) should both be less than 0.08. ...
The objective of the study was to examine the effect of advisers’ salience on peace of mind via fear of negative evaluation as mediator between them. This paper expands the utilization of attachment research in organizational environments by offering attachment-based explanations for subjects that have not yet been investigated in the current body of literature. For this study, 205 bank employees from Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, Quetta, and Peshawar were randomly selected. The data collection process employed the survey method. Structural equation modelling technique was used for hypotheses testing. Results of present study suggested that adviser’s salience undermines fear of negative evaluation which consequently results in peace of mind. Advisers’ salience a crucial construct. Thus, this study recommends the further exploration of the construct with other organizational outcomes.
... This study utilized an exploratory factor analysis as a methodological strategy for examining the fundamental dimensional framework of the complete item set. The analytical results reveal a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.920, surpassing the recommended threshold of 0.7, and a Bartlett's sphericity test p-value of 0.000, which is below the conventional significance level of 0.001 [102]. ...
Adult children accompanying their parents on trips is a particular form of family tourism. During family travel, adult children assume two roles: as tourists, they pursue personal hedonic experiences, while as children, they also bear the responsibility of showing filial piety towards their parents. These two roles entail inherent contradictions. How this conflict influences the formation of family tourism values between adult children and their parents, and ultimately impacts adult children’s intention to accompany their parents on future trips (re-travel intention), requires further in-depth analysis. Based on the perspective of tourist-to-tourist interaction and role conflict theory, this study applied a “value–attitude–behavior” model to empirically analyze the relationship between the interactions of adult children and parents during the tourism and their re-travel intention. An empirical investigation was conducted with 566 adult children from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai. The result of the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis indicates that both positive interactions and role conflict have significant impacts on the formation of family tourism values, and these impacts are moderated by self-efficacy. Furthermore, these two variables influence attitude through the values of filial piety and family connection, which, in turn, affect the re-travel intentions of adult children. This study confirmed that the higher the self-efficacy of adult children, the better effect the positive interaction has and the less impact the role conflict has, which ultimately affects adult children’s re-travel intention. At the theoretical level, this study reveals the process of the formation of “adult children–parents” family tourism values, and provides practical insights for family tourism marketing.
... The chi-square test of model fit was significant ( χ 2 = 519.51, d f = 48, p < 0.001), and the global goodness-of-fit indices of the initial CFA model did not meet the given criteria (R M S E A ≤ 0.06, C F I ≥ 0.95, S R M R ≤ 0.08.) proposed by Hu and Bentler [83]: RMSEA = 0.10, CFI = 0.88, SRMR = 0.08. According to Kline [87], acceptable path coefficients should be greater than 0.6. ...
System performance is the central determinant of user trust in human–machine communication; however, performance failure is inevitable. This study develops a three-fold typology of performance failures (i.e., logic, semantic, and syntax) commonly observed in human-robot interactions based on the differences between the expected and actual outcomes. Herein, 1027 observations are collected from an online experiment to elucidate how the three types of failure and four repair methods (namely, internal attribution apology, external attribution apology, denial, and no repair) impact user trust while examining blame attributions as an underlying mechanism. The results reveal that despite some similarities, the interactions between trust violation types and repair methods differ in robot-to-human trust repair from those in human-to-human trust repair, which contradicts previous findings. Logic failures are found to be the most detrimental category of performance failures, and the internal-attribution apology is the optimal repair strategy. Notably, participants report greater levels of competence-based trust beliefs if they believe that the situation is jointly controlled by the human interactant and robot.
... CFI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.07 for the data at time one and time two, respectively. These values met the goodness of fit statistical criteria (Hu & Bentler, 1999), indicating a reasonable fit. ...
Rooted in both the self-concept based theory of transformational leadership and the conservation of resources (COR) theory, transformational leadership is hypothesized to elicit follower-felt support for excellence and, through it, follower psychological capital (PsyCap), resulting in high follower job performance as well as work engagement. We examined this three-path mediation model with change scores from a two-wave study of 149 Indonesian healthcare workers. When applying structural equation modeling to the change scores, the integrated model was supported. Further cross-lagged analysis showed that transformational leadership had a lagged effect on follower PsyCap and that follower PsyCap had, in turn, a lagged effect on follower job performance. Hence, PsyCap is proposed as a parsimonious element in the self-concept-based theory of transformational leadership. Moreover, the results suggest that the transformational style can be added as a so-called “key” resource to COR’s notion of “gain spirals.”
... indicating acceptable fit and values > 0.95 indicating good fit; and standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR), with values<0.05 indicating good fit (Bentler & Bonett, 1980;Hu & Bentler, 1999). ...
Parenting stress and child psychopathology are closely linked in parent-child dyads, but how the bidirectional association varies across childhood and adolescence, and shifts depending on maternal affection are not well understood. Guided by the transactional model of development, this longitudinal, prospective study examined the bidirectional relations between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing problems and investigated the moderating role of maternal affection from childhood to adolescence. Participants were from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a diverse, nationally representative sample of 2,143 caregiving mothers who completed assessments at children ages 5, 9, and 15. Using cross-lagged panel modeling, we found bidirectional effects between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing problems. However, additional multigroup analyses showed that bidirectional associations depend on the levels of maternal affection. In the high maternal affection group, parenting stress at age 5 predicted higher internalizing and externalizing problems at age 9, and reverse child-to-parent paths were found from age 9 to age 15. In contrast, only one cross-lagged path was found in the low maternal affection group. Findings suggest that maternal affection can heighten the transactional associations between parenting stress and child psychopathology.
... Lastly, the model fitness was assessed using standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). [20] posit that for a model is fit when SRMR value is less than 0.08. The current model has SRMR value of 0.071 which is below 0.08 threshold, hence the model is termed to be fit. ...
... The following fit indices were used to determine appropriateness of the model: chi-square of below 5, comparative fit index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) of at least 0.09 and RMSEA and SRMR of below 0.08. Also, each item was expected to yield a regression weight of at least 0.50 for retention in the study [35][36][37]. Here, the correlations were interpreted as follows: small (r = 0.10 to 0.29); medium (r = 0.30 to 0.49); and large (r = 0.50 to 1.0) [34]. ...
Background
Intellectual disability (ID) involves impairment of general mental abilities, restricting the participation of individuals in conceptual, social and practical activities. Consequently, rehabilitation services are critical in efforts towards promoting the social and educational inclusion of persons with ID. However, the preparedness of health professionals in performing such a role depends on their perceptions of individuals with ID. Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour was used as theoretical framework to understand the relationship between the perceived attitude and self-efficacy of healthcare students towards persons with ID.
Method
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare students (N = 328) in a Ghanaian university. The Community Living Attitude Scale for ID(CLAS-ID) and General Self-efficacy (GSE) Scale were employed to assess their attitudes and self-efficacy towards people with ID respectively. The data were analysed using SPSS and AMOS and were subjected to a t-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression.
Result
The healthcare students were ambivalent about both self-efficacy and attitudes towards persons with ID, and there was correlation between attitudes and self-efficacy. Attitudes and self-efficacy also varied across the demographic characteristics of the respondents including age, having a relative with ID, level of study, religion, and programme of study.
Conclusion
The study underscores the necessity for healthcare curriculum reform and provides corresponding recommendations. The study emphasizes the importance of enhancing healthcare students' understanding of ID, changing their attitudes, and bolstering their self-efficacy. This is crucial to foster positive attitudes, confidence in providing support to individuals with ID, and raising awareness within the broader community. To achieve this, health educators are encouraged to incorporate exposure to individuals with ID into healthcare students' training, along with more structured field experiences designed to increase their contact and interaction with individuals with ID. Such initiatives would enable students to better understand the uniqueness and requirements of individuals with ID.
... Model fit was deemed acceptable if root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA), < 0.08, comparative fit index (CFI) > 0.90, and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) > 0.90. Model fit was consider good if RMSEA < 0.06, CFI > 0.95, and TLI > 0.95 (Bentler, 1990;Hu & Bentler, 1999). ...
Approximately one-third of adults with chronic respiratory disease (CRD) have comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders; yet these disorders are often unrecognized in this patient population. Transdiagnostic processes such as anxiety sensitivity (AS) are useful for identifying mechanisms underlying psychological and heath conditions. The Short-Scale AS Index (SSASI) is a brief self-report measure of AS which has potential clinical utility among CRD populations to evaluate psychological distress and inform comprehensive care. The present study investigated the psychometric properties of the SSASI among adults with CRDs. Participants were recruited from a web-based panel of adults with CRDs (n = 768; 49.3% female; 57.8% White) including adults with asthma only (n = 230), COPD only (n = 321), or co-occurring asthma and COPD (n = 217). Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires assessing psychological and medical symptoms. Analyses were conducted to examine the factor structure and measurement invariance across CRD groups. Convergent validity and criterion validity of the SSASI were assessed within each group. Results supported partial measurement invariance across CRD groups. The SSASI demonstrated high reliability, convergent validity, and criterion validity with each CRD group. Findings from this study and existing work indicate that the SSASI is an effective and economical assessment tool for identifying patients CRD who may benefit from psychological interventions to reduce AS.
... Mediatoreffekte geprüft. In Hinblick auf den Modell-Fit werden die in der Literatur üblichen Cutoff-Werte verwendet (Hu & Bentler, 1999). Für den Umgang mit fehlenden Werten wurde das Full-Information-Maximum-Likelihood-Verfahren (FIML) angewendet (z.B. ...
Während in anderen Fächern bereits vielfältige Befunde zu den Zusammenhängen und Wirkungen zwischen dem Professionswissen und weiteren Kompetenzaspekten von Lehrpersonen vorliegen, stehen diese für das Fach Bewegung und Sport noch weitgehend aus. Die vorliegende Studie basiert auf einer Stichprobe von n = 329 (angehenden) Sportlehrpersonen und zielt darauf ab, ein theoriebasiertes Mediatormodell zu prüfen, das die Beziehungen des inhaltsbezogenen Interesses mit dem Weiterentwicklungsverhalten und dem Professionswissen von Sportlehrpersonen beschreibt. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen das theoretisch angenommene Mediatormodell, wonach der Effekt des inhaltsbezogenen Interesses auf das Professionswissen über das Weiterentwicklungsverhalten vermittelt wird.
... siendo la consistencia interna apropiada, al igual que, la validación de las dimensiones evidencian que, tanto, el RMSEA como el CFI evidencian un ajuste excelente, y el SRMR se halla cercano al umbral propuesto del .05, y menor de .08 (Hu & Bentler, 1999). El instrumento CECA-PEU ya ha sido utilizado en estudios con estudiantes universitarios colombianos (Becerra Patiño & Escorcia, 2023). ...
Resumen. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las relaciones entre la competencia de aprender a aprender, los estilos de
vida y la condición física en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios colombianos. Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo y diseño observacional-analítico de alcance transversal. Participaron del estudio 23 estudiantes de primer semestre de la licenciatura en deporte con una
edad promedio de 20.48±3.07 años. Para evaluar la competencia aprender a aprender se utilizó el cuestionario CECAPEU, los estilos
de vida se midieron a través del cuestionario CEVJU-R2 y para la condición física, se evaluó a través del aplicativo My Jump Lab las
siguientes pruebas: SJ, CMJ, CMJB, fuerza isquiotibial, asimetrías, cambio de dirección 5-0-5, velocidad 5, 10 y 15 metros e Illionis,
al igual que se tomaron otras pruebas como Sit and Reach, test de equilibrio y Course Navette. Se usó la metodología de análisis factorial
múltiple, empleando un análisis de inercia para definir el número de componentes a trabajar. Para evaluar la relación entre grupos de
variables, así como entre variables y las categorías dentro de estas. El software empleado fue el programa ® versión 4.1.0. Los resultados indican que, existen diversos perfiles que revelan la necesidad de entender que el estudiante que tiene como objeto de estudio al
deporte, enfrenta una serie de necesidades asociadas a su estilo de vida y su condición física, lo cual influye en su competencia de
aprender a aprender. El estudio permitió reconocer que existen cinco perfilamientos de los estudiantes de primer curso de la licenciatura en Deporte de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. Esto puede ayudar a mejorar los programas de intervención y seguimiento de
los estudiantes en la carrera, buscando con ello, reconocer que el aprendizaje de estos es diverso y necesita en igual medida, una
variabilidad en los enfoques de su enseñanza y, al mismo tiempo espacios que favorezcan un estilo de vida conducente en la mejora de
su condición física.
Palabras clave: aprendizaje, evaluación, proceso cognitivo, afectividad y sentimiento, formación profesional
Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between learning to learn competence, lifestyles and physical fitness
in a sample of Colombian university students. The study had a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional observational-analytical
design. Twenty-three first-semester undergraduate sports students with an average age of 20.48±3.07 years participated in the study.
To evaluate the learning to learn competence, the CECAPEU questionnaire was used, lifestyles were measured through the CEVJU-
R2 questionnaire and for physical condition, the following tests were evaluated through the My Jump Lab application: SJ, CMJ, CMJB,
hamstring strength, asymmetries, change of direction 5-0-5, speed 5, 10 and 15 meters and Illionis, as well as other tests such as Sit
and Reach, balance test and Course Navette. The multiple factorial analysis methodology was used, using an inertia analysis to define
the number of components to work on. To evaluate the relationship between groups of variables, as well as between variables and the
categories within them. The software used was the program ® version 4.1.0. The results indicate that there are several profiles that
reveal the need to understand that the student whose object of study is sport, faces a series of needs associated with their lifestyle and
physical condition, which influences their competence to learn to learn. The study made it possible to recognize that there are five
profiles of first-year students of the Bachelor's Degree in Sport at the National Pedagogical University. This can help to improve the
intervention and follow-up programs for students in the course, seeking to recognize that their learning is diverse and needs, in equal
measure, a variability in the teaching approaches and, at the same time, spaces that favor a lifestyle focused on improving their physical
condition.
Keywords: learning; evaluation; cognitive process; affectivity and feeling; vocational training
... Model fit for the cross-lagged analysis was evaluated using state-of-the art guidelines. 20, 21 We used Maximum Likelihood estimation with standard errors. 22 ...
Although young people spend increasing amounts of time online, many gaps remain in the literature regarding the effect of time spent online on young people's development of well-being. We focus on the influence of time spent online on feelings of self-reported (a) depression and (b) health of adolescents. We also consider the mediating role of digital skills and digital activities, each of which is broken down into five dimensions. We collected data through a two-wave longitudinal online survey among 3,942 adolescents aged 12–17 years in six European countries (first wave [W1] = 2021; second wave [W2] = 2022). We specifically want to understand how feelings of self-reported depression and health at W2 are affected by the time spent online at W1, and how digital skills and digital activities at W2 mediate these relationships. Findings indicate a significant increase in feelings of depression and a decrease in self-reported health between W1 and W2. Regarding digital skills, information navigation and communication and interaction were linked to greater well-being (lower depression and greater self-reported health). Regarding digital activities, the development of social relationships online was linked to lower self-reported depression and greater health, while frequently using the Internet to look up information on physical or mental health issues was strongly linked to greater depression and lower health. We discuss the implications of these findings for practice and policy on young people's well-being.
... indicarían un buen ajuste (Schermelleh-Engel, Moosbrugger, & Müller, 2003). Por lo que se refiere a los valores del cociente entre χ 2 y los gl, un modelo considerado perfecto su valor sería de 1.00 y ratios por debajo de 2.00 se considerarán de un muy buen ajuste del modelo, mientras que valores (Hu & Bentler, 1999;MacCallum, Widaman, Preacher, & Hong, 2001;Yuan, 2005). Finalmente, debido a la conveniencia de comparar el ajuste del modelo, se incorporaron dos índices especialmente desarrollados para ello. ...
Objective: The aim of this study was to design and validate a scale that would allow the evaluation in Physical Education teachers the responsible use of physical fitness tests related to health. Method: The sample was composed of 374 secondary school teachers (266 men and 108 women), from educational centers belonging to the eight Andalusian provinces, aged between 24 and 67 years (41.92 ± 9.24). Results: Firstly, a 26-item instrument was designed, which obtained item-total correlation values of ≥ .35, except for 5 items. Then, the internal structure of the scale was evaluated and proved to be relevant. The statistical analysis of the items and the subsequent exploratory factor analysis resulted in five factors (orientation of the result, use
of participatory styles, the educational approach, methodological rigor, and positive reinforcement), with positive and significant correlations, confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, factor invariance tests, as well as reliability and convergent and discriminant validity and reliability. The results of the analysis of psychometric properties of the scale were moderate and allowed us to offer a valid and reliable 15-item an ad hoc instrument, with adequate values of validity and reliability, proving its usefulness the evaluation
in Physical Education teachers the responsible use of physical fitness tests in their classes.
... The reliability of the structural model was developed using permissible values of the goodness of fit parameters. It is recommended that for a reliable structural model, the value of the chi-sq ratio to the degree of freedom should be between 2 and 5, the values of CFI and AGFI need to be more than 0.9 and RMSEA should be less than 0.08 (Bentler & Bonett, 1980;Hinton & Isabella McMurray, 2014;Hooper et al., 2008;Hu & Bentler, 1999;Schermelleh-Engel et al., 2003). Table 2 shows the descriptive statistics of the respondents' personal information. ...
The public transport system in Faisalabad is underdeveloped and inefficient to meet the travel demands of the people. It mainly consists of a multitude of Para-transit modes such as auto-rickshaws, Qingqi (motorcycle rickshaws), and wagons, etc. These modes do not meet the mobility needs of the low-income group or captive riders. This research tends to assess customers' satisfaction with the current public transport system and their preferences towards the introduction of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Faisalabad. A questionnaire was designed in this study to gather travelers' perceptions about public transport in Faisalabad. The questionnaire consisted of personal and travel information of the travelers, satisfaction with service quality attributes, important attributes in traveling, and behavioral intentions with the BRT service. This survey was conducted physically and a total of 225 samples were collected. Results showed that the customers' satisfaction level with existing public transport modes is quite low. Most of the respondents showed positive intent to use the BRT service as they perceived it as a safe, comfortable, convenient, and economical mode of transport. Results revealed that most travelers want to shift to an improved transportation system. Results of factor analysis and structural equation modeling revealed that low satisfaction with transit modes has a negative impact on customers' behavioral intentions. Most of the respondents said that cost, travel time, air conditioning, travel time reliability, comfort, and ability to make stops on the way are very important attributes of the BRT service. Most of the users believed that it will reduce air pollution, provide better accessibility, and would be safe for female travelers. Also, customers' perceived level of importance significantly and positively influences their intentions towards BRT service. This study recommends the provision of a BRT-like bus transport service in Faisalabad to meet the mobility needs of the masses.
... The relationship between experienced weight stigma, psychological distress, and disordered eating behaviors was investigated using structural equation modeling (SEM), with model fit assessed based on established criteria: root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) ≤ 0.08, comparative fit index (CFI) > 0.95, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) > 0.90, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) < 0.08 [55,56]. The robust method with the DWLS (diagonally weighted least squares) estimator was chosen to compute the standard errors of indirect effects. ...
Objectives
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the relationship between weight stigma experiences and disordered eating behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic is mediated by weight gain concern and psychological distress among university students with and without overweight.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with university students from five regions of Brazil who participated in the baseline assessment of the Online Cohort on Eating Behavior and Health (July/August 2020). Information on the frequency of binge eating episodes, food restriction, and purging, as well as experienced weight stigma, weight gain concern, and psychological distress, were recorded in an online questionnaire. Stratified structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were performed to address the research questions of interest.
Results
Out of the total sample (n = 2511), 33.5% of participants reported experiencing weight stigma. The prevalence of binge eating episodes, food restriction, and purging was 43.7%, 24.1%, and 5.4%, respectively. These behaviors were more prevalent in individuals with overweight than in those without this condition. Furthermore, it was observed that weight gain concern and psychological distress mediated the relationship between weight stigma and disordered eating behaviors regardless of body weight status.
Conclusions
Experiences of weight stigma and disordered eating behaviors were prevalent among Brazilian university students, especially among those with overweight. Weight gain concern and psychological distress appear to be important factors underlying the relationship between these constructs during the pandemic, and they can contribute to the development of targeted strategies for the prevention and management of disordered eating.
Level of evidence
Level V, cross-sectional study.
... and TLI= .958. It can be seen that the confirmatory factor analysis fit values obtained for all three scales are in the range of perfect fit values (Hu & Bentler, 1999;Kline, 2011). ...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the function of justice as a moderator in the relationship between assault at work and teachers' perceptions of job satisfaction. The relational survey model of quantitative research methodology was used to ascertain the relationship between the study's variables. The sample of the research consists of 312 teachers working in one of the central districts of a city in the south of Turkey. Data was collected using assault on duty, justice, and work satisfaction scales. The data were analyzed with the help of an SPSS package program. The arithmetic mean, standard deviation, standard error, correlation, multiple regression, and modulating effect plot were used to analyze the data quantitatively. According to the findings of the study, it was determined that there is a negative relationship between an assault on duty and job satisfaction. In addition, as a result of the regression analysis, the moderating role of justice was found in the relationship between assault on duty and job satisfaction. According to this result, negative behavior, such as pressure, violence, intimidation, and deterrence, should be eliminated to improve teachers' productivity and performance.
... This study adopted the standardised root mean square residual (SRMR) to assess the model fit. Hu and Bentler (1999) suggested that a cut-off value of less than 0.100 for the SRMR indicates a good fit. This study's SRMR value was 0.099, indicating a good model fit. ...
Purpose
This study aims to acknowledge the social capital challenges faced by female entrepreneurs in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), specifically the Maldives. As budding female entrepreneurs in a predominantly traditional culture are somewhat limited in their quest for economic empowerment, this study aims to clarify the role of social capital dimensions – structural, relational and cognitive – in shaping entrepreneurial intentions among women in the Maldives.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered from 325 female business students from ten tertiary educational institutions in the Maldives. After establishing its validity and reliability, the data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling, including hypothesis testing.
Findings
Structural social capital (SSC) has a significant positive influence on attitude (ATE), subjective norms (SNs), perceived behavioural control (PBC) and entrepreneurial intention (EI). Relational social capital (RSC) has a significant positive influence on ATE and SNs and a significant negative influence on PBC and EI; cognitive social capital (CSC) has a significant positive influence on ATE, SNs and PBC, but does not significantly influence EI. Additionally, ATE, SNs and PBC are significantly associated with EI. The results also show that the indirect and direct effects through the mediation of ATE, SNs and PBC are significant in the relationship between SSC, RSC and EI. Furthermore, this study reveals an indirect effect on the relationship between CSC and EI.
Research limitations/implications
The findings outline the intricate mechanism by which social capital influences EI. These findings provide useful insights for establishing policies and organising relevant programmes to promote female entrepreneurship in SIDS.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to examine the role of social capital in a unique setting, such as SIDS. Moreover, this study integrates the heterogeneous role of social capital into the female EI model. This highlights the urgency of developing relevant social capital among women to promote EI.
... First, means, standard deviations, pairwise correlations, and Cronbach's Alpha (for self-reported constructs) were computed for each scale. Approximation (RMSEA)<.05/.08 (good/acceptable; Browne & Cudeck, 1992) and Square Root Mean Residual (SRMR)<.08 (good; Hu & Bentler, 1999). Effect-size cutoffs for educational effects followed Keith's (2015; small/moderate/large: |β|≥.05/.10/.25) ...
Students entering higher education experience significant declines in both performance and motivation. Compulsory foundational gateway courses are an obvious source of difficulty. Low cost at-scale support is much needed during this critical period, but when and how remain open questions. Grade goals and self-efficacy provide short-term motivation, and are among the greatest correlates to achievement in higher education. Furthermore, students’ ongoing development in domain knowledge and interest can also offer insight on the student experience beyond the gateway course. The current study investigated the interplay between performance, short-term, and long-term motivations in a first-year online mathematics course at a research-intensive university in Pacific-Asia. Participants (n=175) completed a pretest, four formative quizzes, and surveys measuring self-efficacy (beginning, middle, and end) and interest (beginning and end). Participants were randomly assigned to one of control (no explicit instructions), course-grade-goal, or quiz-grade-goal conditions (i.e., explicit instructions to make goal(s) for the overall course or each subsequent quiz respectively, with feedback on each quiz in relation to goals). Analyses included MANOVAs for difference testing, and testing a longitudinal fullyforward (all past variables simultaneously predicting future variables) latent SEM model. In the face of an uncertain context, self-efficacy remained a salient reciprocal predictor of performance, while students’ interest experienced initial dissonance with performance, realigning by the end of the semester. SEM results indicated that participants who set course-level goals had greater middle-of-term self-efficacy, but also lower interest at the end of the course. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
... Following Hu and Bentler (1999), I employed RMSEA and SRMR < .08 and CFI ≥ .90 to test configural invariance. The threshold for metric invariance was ΔRMSEA and ΔSRMR < +.30, and ΔCFI ≥ -.01 (Chen, 2007). ...
Measurement alignment adjusts factor loadings and intercepts across different groups to achieve measurement invariance, which assumes the equal measurement model validated across different groups. It should be achieved for validly conducting analysis and comparison in studies involving multiple groups, such as cross-cultural or cross-national studies. In this paper, I presented how to conduct measurement alignment with R. In addition to measurement alignment, I explained how to perform the Monte Carlo simulation to test the consistency and validity of alignment results and factor score calculation to facilitate further statistical analysis. A tutorial R code that implements all described procedures is freely shared via GitHub to inform readers who intend to use the alignment technique in their research projects.
... CFI compares the extent to which the model is better than the assumption that all variables are uncorrelated. Hu and Bentler (1999) recommend CFI values above 0.90. The fit indices were measured by referring to RMSEA. ...
The term “nei juan” (in English “involution”) has become a buzzword in recent Chinese tertiary educational contexts, denoting the intense competition and anxiety among Chinese college students. This project aims to develop a reliable and valid scale measuring Chinese college students' competitive psychology, that is, an Academic Involution Scale for College Students in China (AISCSC). To this end, the scale was administered online to 1015 Chinese college students from a university from the Northern China. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a determination of three factors (i.e., academic behavior, social activity, and social relationship) with a strong psychometric basis. The correlations between students' academic anxiety and their involutional behavior further confirmed the concurrent validity of AISCSC.
... The model fit was assessed using several fit indices, including root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI). The RMSEA should be less than 0.05 for a good fit (Steiger, 1990), or between 0.05 and 0.08 for an acceptable fit (Browne and Cudeck, 1992), the CFI should exceed 0.90 for an acceptable fit, and 0.95 for a good fit to the data (Byrne, 1994), while TLI values exceeding 0.90 or over 0.95 indicate a good model fit (Hu and Bentler, 1999). ...
Introduction
Early relationships with teachers play an important role in children’s development and significantly influence students’ cognitive and academic performance. Studies suggest that working memory (WM) is a strong predictor of academic achievement, especially of reading and arithmetic outcomes. The associations between teacher-student relationship (TSR) quality, children’s WM skills and their academic performance have been reported in numerous observational studies. However, the potentially bidirectional and temporal nature of the relationships between these constructs is understudied.
Methods
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between primary school children’s WM and TSR by applying a cross-lagged design and measuring these constructs at three time points throughout the academic year. More exploratively, this study investigated how WM and TSR bidirectionally relate to children’s academic performance.
Results
The findings of this study revealed a temporal relationship between WM and TSR: between WM-related problems in the classroom at baseline and conflict at 3-month follow-up, and between closeness at 3-month follow-up and WM-related problems in the classroom at 5-month follow-up. Moreover, the findings showed a bidirectional relationship between arithmetic performance and WM-related problematic behaviour.
Discussion
This study highlights that relationships between the teacher and students play an important role in supporting students’ cognitive and academic development. Importantly, this study suggests that children with WM problems may benefit from interventions that focus on improving their relationships with teachers. Additionally, the findings propose that interventions targeting WM may also have positive effects on children’s academic performance.
... Model fit was evaluated on the basis of several indicators: (1) a chi-square statistic (χ 2 ), (2) the comparative fit index (CFI), and (3) the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) with a 90% confidence interval. For model fit evaluation, a nonsignificant chi-square statistic, CFI ≥ 0.95, and RMSEA ≤ 0.06 were considered to indicate an excellent model fit, and a nonsignificant chisquare statistic, CFI ≥ 0.90, and RMSEA ≤ 0.08 were considered to indicate an adequate model fit [35]. ...
Background
The present study evaluated the psychometrics properties of a sensitive video-based test used in the evaluation of mentalizing skills, that is, the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition-Taiwanese version (MASC-TW).
Methods
We recruited two independent samples of nonclinical participants (N = 167) and adult patients with schizophrenia (N = 41). The MASC-TW and two other social cognition measures, namely the Chinese version of Theory of Mind task (ToM) and the Taiwanese version of the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy-2 (DANAV-TW-2), and an executive function measure of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), were administered to both groups.
Results
The MASC proved to be a reliable measure of mentalizing capacity, high Cronbach’s α value of 0.87. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the MASC-TW total correct scores was 0.85 across three waves of data collection. Across the entire sample, the scores on the MASC-TW were significantly correlated with verbal and nonverbal scores for the ToM task and recognition of facial and prosodic emotion on the DANAV-TW-2. Both executive function and emotion recognition emerged as noteworthy predictors of mentalizing, indicating that these two variables might play crucial roles in the development of mentalizing capacities. Finally, a receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that in patients with schizophrenia, the MASC was the most accurate discriminator of diagnostic groups, highlighting the validity of the MASC.
Conclusions
Overall, the MASC-TW is an ecologically valid and useful tool for assessing mentalizing abilities in a Taiwanese population.
... Following Hu and Bentler (1999), I employed RMSEA and SRMR < .08 and CFI ≥ .90 to test configural invariance. The threshold for metric invariance was ΔRMSEA and ΔSRMR < +.30, and ΔCFI ≥ -.01 (Chen, 2007). ...
Measurement alignment adjusts factor loadings and intercepts across different groups to achieve measurement invariance, which assumes the equal measurement model validated across different groups. It should be achieved for validly conducting analysis and comparison in studies involving multiple groups, such as cross-cultural or cross-national studies. In this paper, I presented how to conduct measurement alignment with R. In addition to measurement alignment, I explained how to perform the Monte Carlo simulation to test the consistency and validity of alignment results and factor score calculation to facilitate further statistical analysis. A tutorial R code that implements all described procedures is freely shared via GitHub to inform readers who intend to use the alignment technique in their research projects.
... Tables 2 and 3 show the measurement items adapted and the sources of these items, along with all internal consistency data. Following guidance established by Bagozzi and Yi (1988), Hair et al. (2014), Hair et al. (2017) and Hu and Bentler (1999), all items exhibit acceptable factor loadings and reliability values represented by both Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability all exceed acceptable thresholds. Similarly, average variance extracted values exceed the accepted 0.5 threshold. ...
Purpose
The direct selling model adopted in the beauty and cosmetics industry puts female consumer entrepreneurs at the heart of the business model. A neglected phenomenon in female entrepreneurship, this study aims to focus on female sales agents’ capabilities that are linked to sales performance and examine which capabilities might be shaped and enhanced through coaching and training in an emerging economy context.
Design/methodology/approach
Survey data were generated from a sample of 249 female sales agents who agreed to participate in a coaching and training programme run by a focal firm. Data were collected in two phases to investigate the capabilities linked to sales performance pre-intervention and the impact of coaching and training on the relationships between the capabilities and sales performance post-intervention. The time-lag data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling.
Findings
For female sales agents, self-efficacy and sales experience have a significant positive effect on adaptive sales performance both before and after the coaching and training intervention. In contrast, intellectual capital and self-motivation had a non-significant relationship with sales performance before the intervention. However, after the intervention, the relationship between these variables became positive and significant.
Originality/value
The study demonstrates the effects of pre- and post-coaching and training on female consumer entrepreneurs’ capabilities and the links to sales performance. These findings add critical empirical knowledge on how female consumer entrepreneurship may be developed and the role of entrepreneurship for female empowerment in the Asian context. Collectively, the findings bring to the fore the female sphere in consumer entrepreneurship research in emerging economies.
... Our analyses focused on reproducing the established 5 factors for the 52-and 25-item versions and one total factor for the 10-item version at T1 for English-and Spanish-speaking caregivers. The fit statistics used to evaluate model fit (Hu and Bentler, 1999;Kline, 2005) were root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA; <0.05 excellent fit, <0.08 adequate fit), comparative fit index (CFI; ...
Objective
The Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R) is a widely used instrument to assess problem-solving ability. This study examined the factor structure of the 52-, 25-, and 10-item versions of the SPSI-R and assessed factorial invariance across English- and Spanish-speaking participants. In addition, the internal consistency, test-retest reliability and sensitivity to detect change in problem-solving skills over time were assessed across the three different versions of the SPSI-R.
Methods
Data from three randomized controlled trials, in which caregivers of children with cancer ( N = 1,069) were assigned to either a problem-solving skills intervention ( N = 728) or a control condition ( N = 341), were combined. The SPSI-R was administered at baseline (T1) and immediately post intervention (T2). Reliability and multigroup analyses were performed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Sensitivity to change analyses were performed using repeated measures ANOVA.
Results
Confirmatory factor analysis at T1 showed good fit statistics and internal consistency for the 52- and the 25-item versions, but not for the 10-item version. Factorial invariance was demonstrated across time (T1-T2) and language (Spanish-English) for both the 52- and 25-item versions. Adequate sensitivity to change over time was shown.
Conclusion
The 52- and 25-item versions of the SPSI-R appear reliable and valid for assessment of problem-solving skills in English- and Spanish-speaking caregivers of children with newly diagnosed cancer. The 25-item SPSI-R can be used as a short version measuring problem-solving ability; the 10-item version cannot be considered a reliable measure for this population.
... Figure 1 shows the structural equation model results exploring associations between pornography use, sexual behaviors, and relationship outcomes. Model fit was determined based on parameters suggested by previous scholars (Hu & Bentler, 1999;Steiger, 2007;Wang & Wang, 2019) in that good fit for models should have comparative fit index (CFI) > 0.90, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) > 0.90, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) ≤ 0.07, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) ≤ 0.08. Based on the suggestions by previous scholars, the model in the current study had adequate overall fit (χ 2 (424) = 4868.036, ...
This study seeks to build on previous research about how pornography use is associated with relationship outcomes. Using the 3AM model (Wright, 2011) as a theoretical guide, sexual behaviors were tested as a possible mediator of the association between pornography use and relationship well-being. Using a national data set of individuals in heterosexual relationships (n = 2519), associations between different types of pornography use (alone use vs. joint use), sexual behaviors, and relationship outcomes were analyzed. Results showed that pornography use with a partner is a distinct activity when compared to pornography use alone. Additionally, significant indirect relationships between pornography use and relationship outcomes were found through sexual behaviors. Both vaginal sex and oral sex had positive effects, while anal sex had a unique, negative effect (use of sex toys was not significantly related). Future research should continue to examine the context of pornography use and how it is related to behaviors and outcomes in relationships.
... df 5 311, p-value <0.001); comparative fit index (CFI) (0.94); incremental fit index (IFI) (0.94); standardized root mean residual (SRMR) (0.057); and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) (0.071, 90% CI (0.061, 0.082)). The fit indices indicate an adequate model fit except for the χ 2 statistic (Hu and Bentler, 1999). Although a significant χ 2 statistic was obtained, the normed χ 2 statistic was 1.65 which fell well below the recommended maximum of 3.0 (Kline, 2011). ...
Purpose
This research aims to understand how organizational workplace meetings surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic impacted logistics Airmen across the United States Air Force and how these meetings impacted their risk seeking behavior on social media.
Design/methodology/approach
This survey research tested an extended Planned Risk Information Risk Seeking Model (PRISM) with organizational meetings as an antecedent to determine if current meetings influenced an Airman's perceived behavioral control, attitude toward seeking, subjective norms, knowledge sufficiency and intention to seek information regarding COVID-19.
Findings
Results of the CFA showed that the expanded PRISM model had good model fit. Additionally, using a custom dialog PROCESS macro in SPSS, it was found that perceptions of existing meetings were directly, positively related to attitude toward seeking, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, and indirectly related to knowledge sufficiency threshold and information seeking. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Originality/value
This research adds to the limited body of knowledge of crisis communication and effectively expands the PRISM model to include an antecedent that helps explain information seeking during times of uncertainty.
Aim
To refine the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale (RMRS) by creating a more concise scale, improving the reliability, particularly of the personal integrity subscale and providing further evidence of validity.
Background
Healthcare workers are exposed to moral adversity in practice. When unable to preserve/restore their integrity, moral suffering ensues. Moral resilience is a resource that may mitigate negative consequences. To better understand mechanisms for doing so, a valid and reliable measurement tool is necessary.
Design
Cross‐sectional survey.
Methods
Participants (N = 1297) had completed ≥1 items on the RMRS as part of the baseline survey of a larger longitudinal study. Item analysis, confirmatory factor analyses, reliability analyses (Cronbach's alpha), and correlations were used to establish reliability and validity of the revised RMRS.
Results
Item and confirmatory factor analysis were used to refine the RMRS from 21 to 16 items. The four‐factor structure (responses to moral adversity, personal integrity, relational integrity and moral efficacy) demonstrated adequate fit in follow‐up confirmatory analyses in the initial and hold‐out sub‐samples. All subscales and the total scale had adequate reliabilities (α ≥ 0.70). A higher‐order factor analysis supports the computation of either subscale scores or a total scale score. Correlations of scores with stress, anxiety, depression and moral distress provide evidence of the scale's validity. Reliability of the personal integrity subscale improved.
Conclusion and Implications
The RMRS‐16 demonstrates adequate reliability and validity, particularly the personal integrity subscale. Moral resilience is an important lever for reducing consequences when confronted with ethical challenges in practice. Improved reliability of the four subscales and having a shorter overall scale allow for targeted application and will facilitate further research and intervention development.
Patient/Public Contribution
Data came from a larger study of Canadian healthcare workers from multiple healthcare organizations who completed a survey about their experiences during COVID‐19.
Pornography use has increased its popularity worldwide, raising concerns about potential disordered use. Considering the lack of recognition in diagnostic manuals, conceptual clarification and the validation of robust instruments assessing this problem are much needed. The current study is aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of the Problematic Pornography Use Scale (PPUS). Exploratory and confirmatory analyses (EFA and CFA) were used to assess a four-factor and a bifactor solution. Additionally, this study used latent profile (LPA) and sensitivity analyses to determine suggested cutoff values to identify at-risk users. A large sample of adult pornography users completed the PPUS online (N = 1149). A four-factor solution as proposed by Kor and colleagues (Addictive Behaviors, 39(5), 861-868, Kor et al., Addictive Behaviors 39:861-868, 2014) was identified as the optimal factorial structure. Participants were classified into five profiles, with 3.9% identified as at-risk users, 19.9% as moderate to high risk. A cutoff value of 33 was suggested to accurately identify at-risk users. The PPUS is a multidimensional instrument, showing good adept ability to detect users at risk of problematic pornography use.
This study examines whether latent biases about the world as a dangerous place
lead to antisocial tendencies, suggesting that dark personality traits are not necessarily evil but condition-dependent solutions to analogous worldview perceptions. The application of this model indicates that the extent to which an individual exhibits dark personality traits is determined, in part, by their level of authoritarian ideology (i.e., high in RWA) and the extent to which personal beliefs in a just world moderate this relationship. A convenience non-probability sample of 211 participants (age range: 19-59 years, Mage = 32.76, SD = 11.87; 191 female participants) participated in the current online study. Moderation analysis was performed to assess if the influence of authoritarian ideology (RWA) on Dark Triad life philosophy is the same across different levels of personal beliefs in a just world.
This study’s results provide evidence of the moderating influence of personal belief in a just world such that the positive relationship between RWA and Machiavellianism was weakened among those with lower levels of personal belief in a just world. Individual differences in personal belief in a just world and authoritarian ideology (RWA) influence the Machiavellian side of human nature.
Çalışmada reklam afişlerinde kullanılan informasyonel (bilgisel) ve transformasyonel (dönüşümsel) içerik türlerinin satın almaya olan etkisi, aynı ürüne ait informasyonel ve transformasyonel nitelikte hazırlanmış afişler üzerinden araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında Laskey (1989) sınıflandırması doğrultusunda biri informasyonel ve diğeri transformasyonel olmak üzere aynı ürüne ait iki afiş tasarlanmıştır. İkinci aşamada her afiş için (A ve B) araştırma modeli geliştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama tekniği olarak anket yöntemi seçilmiştir. Araştırma, aynı ürüne ait farklı içeriklere göre tasarlanan bu afişlerin satın almaya olan etkisini ölçmeyi amaçlamıştır. Örneklem her iki afiş içinde anketi cevaplamış, elde edilen veriler SPSS’te analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre model doğrultusunda kurulan hipotezlerden bir kısmı kabul edilmiştir.
This study aimed to develop a scale of the “images and consciousness of digital games in adolescents” among high school and university students and examine its reliability and validity. A preliminary survey was conducted on 112 university students specializing in digital game development, and 115 items measuring the images of digital games were extracted. Using these 115 items, a survey was conducted on 360 high school and university students. We extracted seven factors (74 items) as the images and consciousness of digital games: “personal and social bad impressions,” “special experiences and positive impressions,” “skill improvement,” “extensive communication,” “health hazards and dependence induction,” “negative ideological effects,” and “lack of exercise.”
This study examined the effect of community involvement on the sustainability of donor-funded agricultural projects in Uganda, specifically the potato projects in Kabale District. The study used a mixed methods research technique using a cross-sectional survey design based on questionnaires, interviews and documentary review. Using basic random and purposeful selection methods, 196 respondents were chosen as a sample from a total of 400. Using descriptive statistical methods like mean and standard deviation, quantitative data were examined. The impact of community participation on sustainability of donor funded potato projects was determined using regression analysis. The findings indicated that, project design, (R Square =.180, P .01). project resourcing (R Square = 925, P .01) and project monitoring and evaluation (R Square =.147**, P.01) affects sustainability of donor funded agricultural projects by roughly 90%. In conclusion, it has been established that, community participation has provided knowledge & information only to a limited extent that has not had any substantial impact on sustainability of donor funded potato projects. The study recommends that donors should all include potato project stakeholders in project design and implementation, project resourcing, and project monitoring and evaluation if potato projects are to be sustainable world overs globally, particularly in those involving potato projects.
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