... The participants of the five studies included both genders (3,8,27,31,34), five studies included only men (9,28,33,35,36) and other studies did not determine the type of gender (14,15,19,24,29,30,32). Nine studies were conducted on the adolescents (8,9,14,24,28,30,32,34,35), five studies on the adults (15,19,27,31,33), and the other on both of them, the adolescents and the adults (3,29,36). Six studies examined judo (3,14,19,24,27,35), five studies taekwondo (19, 30,31,34), five studies wrestle (27,32,33,35,36), four studies box (9,15,24,28), two studies jujitsu (19, 35), two studies mixed marital arts (29,35), one study karate (19), and one of them considered any type of elite sport (Table 1) (8). In the current study, all reviewed studies were considered high quality based on the STROBE statement. ...