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The flora and vegetation of the White Mountains, Queensland.

Authors:

Abstract

From 118 field sites and 1144 botanical specimens for the expedition, the list of species for the White Mountains study area more than doubled that of records prior to the survey. 600 species have now been recorded for the area. Two new species from the collections for the expedition were recorded and a further eight species require further study to determine their identity. Nine species are presently on the register of rare and threatened plants under the Nature Conservation and other Legislation Amendment Regulation (2000). 16 aliens species were recorded and these were only observed in the vicinity of the old homestead site. Fifty vegetation types have been described for the survey area. Seven of these vegetation types are new as a result of the survey. The vegetation types were grouped into 13 map units within 7 landscape types. The main landscape types are deeply dissected quartzose sandstone hills and a plateau of largely sand plains. On the sandstone hills the vegetation is mostly Acacia spp. as low woodlands and shrublands and on the sand plains there are mostly Eucalypt open-woodlands. The richest species diversity was found in low open-woodlands and shrublands on the Tertiary surfaces situated at the edges of sand plains adjacent to the sandstone hills. Many significant new records of plant species were made in these relatively sparsely vegetated areas. Most of these species are small ephemeral herbaceous plants not normally identifiable or detectable once the soil begins to dry out.
Thompson, E.J., Neldner, V.J., Cumming, R.J., Thomas, M. B. and Wannan, B. (2003) The flora and
vegetation of the White Mountains, Queensland. White Mountains Scientific Study Report,
Geography Monograph Series No.9, The Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc,
Brisbane, pp. 85-115.
The Flora and Vegetation of the White Mountains, Queensland
E.J. Thompson, V.J. Neldner, R.J. Cumming, M.B. Thomas and B. Wannan
Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong Q 4066
Environment North, PO Box 616N North Cairns Q 4870
Abstract
From 118 field sites and 1144 botanical specimens for the expedition, the list of species for the White Mountains study
area more than doubled that of records prior to the survey. 600 species have now been recorded for the area. Two new
species from the collections for the expedition were recorded and a further eight species require further study to
determine their identity. Nine species are presently on the register of rare and threatened plants under the Nature
Conservation and other Legislation Amendment Regulation (2000). 16 aliens species were recorded and these were
only observed in the vicinity of the old homestead site.
Fifty vegetation types have been described for the survey area. Seven of these vegetation types are new as a result of
the survey. The vegetation types were grouped into 13 map units within 7 landscape types. The main landscape types
are deeply dissected quartzose sandstone hills and a plateau of largely sand plains. On the sandstone hills the vegetation
is mostly Acacia spp. as low woodlands and shrublands and on the sand plains there are mostly Eucalypt open-
woodlands.
The richest species diversity was found in low open-woodlands and shrublands on the Tertiary surfaces situated at the
edges of sand plains adjacent to the sandstone hills. Many significant new records of plant species were made in these
relatively sparsely vegetated areas. Most of these species are small ephemeral herbaceous plants not normally
identifiable or detectable once the soil begins to dry out.
Introduction
The aims of the study of this remote and inaccessible part of Queensland were;
to extend field data collection at a time of the year when field conditions are optimal
to expand the collection of plant specimens held by the Queensland Herbarium
to investigate the abundance and distribution of the plant species, especially ephemeral herbaceous species,
rare or threatened species
to obtain detailed field site data to enable better description of the plant communities
to use the additional field data to improve existing map coverages.
Methods
Field sampling
The field survey methods described by Neldner (1984) were adopted for the survey. Comprehensive data were
collected at 118 sites by three field parties from 29 March to 18 April, 2000. 10 x 50m plots were used as the standard
sampling unit for all vegetation types. The height, projective foliage cover and density of each of the woody strata was
recorded. The basal area of the tree layer was estimated by using the Bitterlich method (Grosenbaugh 1952). The
foliage projective cover of each herbaceous species occurring in five 1.0 x 1.0 m quadrats located at 10 m intervals
along the transect lines was recorded.
A complete list of all vascular plant species present in each plot was recorded. Plants unable to be positively identified
in the field were collected for later identification and incorporation into the Queensland Herbarium. Furthermore a
specimen was collected for most plant species encountered during the survey. The position, slope, aspect, landform and
some soils information were recorded for each site.
In addition, observation sites recording the dominant species were made while traversing along tracks and recording the
location from a Global Positioning System (GPS).
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Mapping
The map of the vegetation (Figure 1) was prepared by amending the mapping completed by Thompson and Turpin (in
prep.) following the addition of field data gathered during the expedition. The line work on the map was delineated
using 1:80 000 black and white aerial photographs in conjunction with Landsat imagery taken at various dates (1995,
1997, 1999) and geology obtained from the 1:250 000 map sheet for Hughenden which covers the study area. The aim
was to combine the image patterns and geology to delineate areas of homogeneous landscape and vegetation.
Description of the Vegetation
The vegetation of the White Mountains has been described and mapped at 1:50,000 scale by Bean (1992 ) and at
1:100,000 scale by Thompson and Turpin (in prep.). Bean (1992) described 10 vegetation types for the White
Mountains National Park, while Thompson and Turpin (in prep.) recorded 38 vegetation types for the study area.
The data used to describe the vegetation of the survey area were derived from all of the site records for the White
Mountains National Park and the survey area. This includes a total of 94 sites by Bean (1992) of which 28 are in the
survey area, 21 sites by Thompson and Turpin (in prep.) of which 3 are in the survey area, and 119 for the survey.
The vegetation types described occur on recurring patterns of vegetation, landform and geology. The classification of
the vegetation is based on dominant floristics and structure, using a modified Specht (1970) classification as described
in Neldner (1984). The vegetation types equate to the sub-association as defined by Beadle and Costin (1952) and the
National Vegetation Information System (1999).
The 50 vegetation types described for the survey area in Appendix 1 cover seven landscape types. For mapping
purposes the vegetation types have been grouped into thirteen map units as follows:
1. River terraces and stream beds with alluvial soils; 2 map units consisting of 7 vegetation types including 1
new type
2. Sand plains - elevated plateau areas gently sloping to the south (to 780m elevation) with usually deep red
sandy soils; 2 map units consisting of 12 vegetation types including 1 new type
3. Tertiary surface - shallow to skeletal soils mostly on the edge of sand plains; 3 map units consisting of 13
vegetation types including 2 new types
4. Dissected hills of coarse quartzose sandstone with shallow gravelly to skeletal soils, includes talus slopes
and deep rocky ravines; 3 map units consisting of 11 vegetation types including 2 new types
5. Undulating low hills of fine-grained sandstone with shallow soils at the lowest elevation in the landscape
(500-550m); 1 map unit consisting of 1 vegetation type
6. Metamorphosed sandstone; 1 map unit consisting of 1 vegetation type which is new from the survey
7. Basalt plains; 1 map unit consisting of 2 vegetation types.
The Flora
Six hundred taxa have been recorded by the Queensland Herbarium for the White Mountains National Park from both
field plots and specimens incorporated into the Herbarium. Specimens for 220 taxa had been recorded prior to the
expedition. An additional 293 taxa were recorded from 1144 specimens collected by four teams of botanists during the
expedition and most of these specimens were incorporated into the Herbarium. Two new species were collected viz.,
Bulbostylis sp. (White Mtns R.J. Cumming 19025) and Phyllanthus sp. (Warang M.B. Thomas+ 1730). A further eight
species found during the expedition presently have no species name. The authors consider that the taxon presently
named Bursaria spinosa subsp. spinosa needs further study to determine if the correct name has been applied. All plant
species names follow an updated version of Henderson (1997).
Nine plant species (2 endangered and 7 rare) with rare or threatened status under the Nature Conservation and other
Legislation Amendment Regulation (2000) were recorded, and of these two species, Babingtonia squarrulosa and
Paspalidium spartellum are endemic to the White Mountains.
Table 1. Rare and threatened plant species under the Nature Conservation and other
Legislation Amendment Regulation (2000) recorded for the White Mountains National Park
Species
Current Status
Growth Form
Abundance in White Mtns National Park;
Habitat
3
Acacia ramiflora
Endangered
shrub
Common; mostly on sandstone areas
Aristida burraensis
Rare
grass
Common; widespread
Babingtonia squarrulosa
Endangered
shrub
Uncommon; only on sandstone
Boronia eriantha
Rare
subshrub
Uncommon to rare; only on sandstone
Callistemon chisholmii
Rare
shrub
Occasional; mostly along watercourses
Desmodium macrocarpum
Rare
forb
Rare; on sand plains also on laterite with
Acacia shirleyi
Eucalyptus quadricostata
Rare
tree >10m high
Common; on sand plains
Leptosema chapmanii
Rare
shrub
Occasional; on sandstone
Paspalidium spartellum
Rare
grass
Common; along watercourses
Other plants of biogeographic significance are Solanum crassitomentosum which is also endemic to the White
Mountains, and disjunct populations of :
Angophora costata 6 specimen records for Queensland mostly much further south, but it occurs in
Blackbraes National Park 150km further NNW
Cyathea rebeccae unusually inland occurrence, otherwise coastal tropical Queensland
Eucalyptus bakeri northern limit
Eucalyptus tetrodonta southern limit
Prostanthera sp. (Gilbert River M.D.Godwin+ C4040) southern limit, known from only five Queensland
Herbarium specimen records
Triodia triaristata two records for Queensland, the other near Mt Isa, otherwise it is found in the
Northern Territory
Triplarina paludosa nearest populations c. 400 km to the south-east. The correct name for this species was
not known until fertile specimens were collected during the survey.
Zieria sp. (White Mt D.G.Fell+ DGF1257) - widely dispersed but disjunct species, also known from near
Forsayth and in Robinson Gorge
Other plants recorded for the White Mountains worthy of mention include relatively rare species for Queensland such as
Goodenia sp. (Yarrowmere R.J.Henderson+ H2844) and Helichrysum sp. (Belyando River V.J.Neldner+ 3459) which
are presently known from only nine and four Queensland Herbarium specimen records, respectively.
Sixteen alien plant species were recorded and all of these were observed at the old Warang homestead site. No aliens
were recorded elsewhere.
Table 2 lists the growth forms of the species recorded. Herbaceous plants including forbs, grasses and sedges are a
significant feature of the flora representing 60% of the taxa. About 40% of the flora consists of woody species.
Table 2. Composition of the flora by growth form.
Growth Form
No. of taxa
Trees > 10 m high
26
Trees < 10 m high
35
Shrubs
145
Subshrubs
20
Forbs
182
Graminoids (grasses, sedges, etc)
149
Ferns
23
Vines
9
Parasitic shrubs
11
Total
600
The vascular flora of 600 taxa is composed of 90 families, 279 genera and 590 species.
Table 3. Seven largest families of vascular plants
Family
Alien Species
Poaceae
6
Myrtaceae
0
4
Fabacaeae
2
Mimosaceae
0
Cyperaceae
0
Asteraceae
3
Euphorbiaceae
1
Poaceae constitutes the grass species, Cyperaceae the sedges, Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae represent mostly
herbaceous species, Myrtaceae and Mimosaceae are mostly shrubs and trees.
A complete species list is provided in Appendix 2.
Discussion
The most diverse flora was recorded in vegetation type M6 (151 species), see vegetation type descriptions in Appendix
1. M6 is open-shrublands of mostly paperbark (Melaleuca tamariscina subsp. tamariscina). M6 provided the source for
many of the additions to the species list and the specimen collections entered into the Queensland Herbarium. The
additional species found in type M6 were mostly small ephemeral herbaceous plants less than about 5cm high.
Undoubtedly, the conditions at the time of the survey permitted observation of these tiny plants which leave little or no
evidence of their presence shortly after the wet season finishes in summer and the soil begins to dry out. Vegetation
type M3 (123 species), low open-woodland of budgeroo (Lysicarpus angustifolius), provides a similar scenario to that
of type M6 in that many small annual species were found there. Other examples of relatively rich species diversity
were found in lancewood (Acacia shirleyi) communities on quartzose sandstone (122 species) and square-fruited
ironbark (Eucalyptus quadricostata) communities (137 species).
The overlap in the species recorded for these three sets of examples of plant community types is relatively small
meaning that they are each rich centres of species diversity for the area.
Conclusions
The additional field work resulting from the survey permitted greater accuracy to an updated version of the existing
mapping for the area. Seven new vegetation types resulted from the survey. Also, the additional field work provided
greater reliability to be added to the existing descriptions of vegetation types.
Some of the most picturesque landscapes were the deep narrow ravines with lemon-scented gum (Corymbia citriodora),
swamp mahogany (Lophostemon suaveolens) and smooth-barked apple (Angophora costata) to 40m high.
Some of these sheltered areas had lush green ground cover of ferns creating a huge contrast with the semi-arid
vegetation on the white sandstone hills and the red sandy soil on the plateau.
The greater intensity of field work aided in assessing the population sizes for the rare and threatened species in the area.
From observations made during the expedition it is considered that the conservation status of Acacia ramiflora should
be reassessed as rare rather than endangered because of the high abundance of this species in the White Mountains
National Park. The specimens collected for Solanum sp. (Mt Coolon I.C. Champion 1310) and Solanum
crassitomentosum helped with scientific research being conducted on these two species. The small population size and
endemism of S. crassitomentosum warrant consideration of this species being included on the register of rare or
endangered species. In the field S. crassitomentosum appears very similar to S. quadriloculatum which also occurs in
the study area but is a more widespread species. Further study needs to be conducted on the population size and ecology
of S. crassitomentosum.
Likewise, at least one of the three new species discovered during the survey should also be considered for inclusion on
the register. Prostanthera sp. (Warang M.B.Thomas+ 1849) has the greatest potential for inclusion, as it is a
conspicuous shrub and was rarely seen on this survey. The other two new species are ephemeral and under field
conditions appear similar to other species found in the area and therefore require more research on their distribution and
population sizes.
Further botanical research needs to be conducted on the eight unnamed species collected during the survey. This
research may require additional specimen collection from the area as well as greater detailed comparison with similar
known species.
The very limited distribution of alien species was noted. The existing populations of alien species were primarily
restricted to an area of about two hectares where there had been previous disturbance from clearing for the old
homestead site and cattle yards. Minimisation of soil disturbance, some weed eradication and natural regrowth should
allow this area to contract to the existing visitors car park and camping area which is about half a hectare.
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Because of the inaccessibility of many of the gorges further botanical investigation into the more remote parts of the
area may reveal further surprises.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge Robbie Price of the Queensland Herbarium for his analysis and maintenance of
the Corveg site data and Troy Honeman of the Queensland Herbarium for producing the Vegetation Map and
maintaining the digital coverage for the Desert Uplands bioregion.
References
Beadle, N.C.W. and Costin, A.B. (1952). Ecological classification and nomenclature. Proceedings of the Linnean Society
of New South Wales 77:61-82.
Bean, A.R. (1992). `White Mountains National Park Vegetation Survey'. (DEH: Townsville).
Grosenbaugh. L.R. (1952). Plotless timber estimates. Journal of Forestry 50:32-37.
Henderson, R.J.F. (Ed.) (1997). Queensland Plants Names and Distribution. (Queensland Herbarium, Department of
Environment: Brisbane)
National Vegetation Information System (1999). Vegetation Attributes Version 4. National Land and Water Resources
Audit Theme 3 vegetation, condition, cover and use.
http//www.nlwra.gov.au/pub/public_v2/30_projects/48_themes/3_vegetation_management/nvisveg.pdf
Nature Conservation and other Legislation Amendment Regulation (No.1) (2000). Queensland Subordinate Legislation
2000 No. 354.
Neldner, V.J. (1984). `Vegetation Survey of South Central Queensland'. Queensland Botany Bulletin No. 3 (Qld DPI:
Brisbane).
Specht, R.L. (1970). Vegetation. In G.W. Leeper (ed.), ‘The Australian Environment’ (4th edition). CSIRO and Melbourne
University Press, pp. 44-67.
Thompson, E.J. and Turpin, G.T. (in prep). Survey and Mapping of the Vegetation of the Desert Uplands. Queensland
Herbarium, EPA, Brisbane.
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Appendix 1. Brief Descriptions of the Vegetation Types
The descriptions of the vegetation types below are listed under seven landscape types as follows:
1. River terraces and stream beds with alluvial soils
2. Sand plains - elevated plateau areas with usually deep red sandy soils
3. Tertiary surface - shallow to skeletal soils mostly on the edge of sand plains
4. Dissected hills of coarse quartzose sandstone with shallow gravelly to skeletal soils, including tallus slopes
and deep rocky ravines
5. Undulating low hills of fine-grained sandstone with shallow soils
6. Metamorphosed sandstone
7. Basalt plains.
Within each of these landscape types, the vegetation types have been grouped to create thirteen map units.
1. River terraces, stream banks and stream beds
Map unit 1a. Eucalypt woodlands on river terraces and stream beds (4 units)
C31. Tall open-woodland of lemon-scented Gum (Corymbia citriodora) on river terraces (419 ha)
The dominant tree species is Corymbia citriodora to 40m high and sometimes with C. leichhardtii as
a co-dominant.
A well developed shrub layer can be present and sometimes dominated by Acacia julifera subsp.
julifera with Alphitonia excelsa and Grevillea sessilis commonly present.
The ground layer is usually sparsely developed with Cleistochloa subjuncea, Hardenbergia
perbrevidens, Paspalidium spartellum and Triodia longiceps commonly present and often dominants.
A total of 113 species were recorded from five sites.
C31a. Woodland of swamp mahogany (Lophostemon suaveolens) on stream banks (972 ha)
The dominant tree species are Lophostemon suaveolens and sometimes Corymbia leichhardtii.
A shrub layer can be well developed with Grevillea sessilis and Alphitonia excelsa the most
commonly present species.
The ground layer is often well defined with Cleistochloa subjuncea and Gahnia aspera commonly
present.
A total of 89 species were recorded from seven sites.
C31c. Fernland with tree fern (Cyathea rebeccae)
Emergent trees include Lophostemon suaveolens.
A small tree layer is characterised by the presence of the tree fern Cyathea rebeccae. The vine
Morinda jasminoides is present.
Various fern species including Blechnum cartilagineum define the ground layer.
A total of 9 species were recorded from 1 site.
This type is too small to map.
New vegetation type not recorded prior to the survey.
C34. Woodland of yellow bloodwood (Corymbia leichhardtii) (346 ha)
The dominant tree species is Corymbia leichhardtii with Eucalyptus exilipes and Acacia shirleyi.
A well defined shrub layer is usually present sometimes dominated by Dodonaea viscosa subsp.
mucronata with Acacia julifera subsp. julifera, Alphitonia excelsa and Callistemon chisholmii
frequently present.
The ground layer is well defined and dominated by Cleistochloa subjuncea, Themeda avenacea and
Setaria surgens.
A total of 67 species were recorded from three sites.
Map unit 1b. Eucalyptus camaldulensis woodlands on rivers and streams (3 units)
E68. Open-woodland of river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) with paperbarks (Melaleuca spp.) on
river banks (284 ha)
The dominant tree species is Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Melaleuca leucadendra and/or M.
fluviatilis are usually present.
A shrub layer is usually absent or very sparse.
7
The ground layer is frequently very sparse.
No sites in the survey area.
E72. Open-woodland of river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) on river terraces (211 ha)
The dominant tree species is Eucalyptus camaldulensis and sometimes with Corymbia leichhardtii as
a co-dominant.
A shrub layer can be very well developed usually with Alphitonia excelsa and Grevillea sessilis
present. The ground layer is often very well developed and dominated by Themeda avenacea often with
Hardenbergia perbrevidens and Lomandra longifolia present.
A total of 85 species were recorded from four sites.
P. Stream beds (404 ha)
This mapping unit consists largely of bare coarse sand with scattered plants. Trees usually present are
Lophostemon suaveolens, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Corymbia leichhardtii.
Shrubs usually present are Acacia julifera subsp. julifera, Callistemon chisholmii and Labichea
rupestre.
In the ground layer Cleistochloa subjuncea and Eriachne pallescens are usually present.
A total of 26 species were recorded from two sites.
2. Sand plains
Map unit 2a. Eucalypt woodlands on sand plains (12 units)
C1. Open-woodland of western bloodwood (Corymbia brachycarpa) (87 ha)
The dominant tree species is Corymbia brachycarpa with Eucalyptus drepanophylla present.
A sparse shrub layer often occurs with Distichostemon dodecandrus and Petalostigma banksii
frequently present.
The ground layer is usually dominated by Triodia bitextura.
A total of 42 species were recorded from two sites.
C6. Open-woodland of yellow bloodwood (Corymbia leichhardtii) (357 ha)
The dominant tree species is Corymbia leichhardtii.
A sparse shrub layer sometimes occurs with Jacksonia ramosissima, Persoonia falcata and
Petalostigma banksii frequently present.
The ground layer is usually dominated by Triodia bitextura.
A total of 80 species were recorded from eight sites.
C9. Low open-woodland of rough-leaved bloodwood (Corymbia setosa) (524 ha)
The dominant tree species is Corymbia setosa subsp. pedicellaris and Eucalyptus quadricostata is
present.
A very sparse shrub layer is usually present.
The ground layer is moderately well developed with Bulbostylis barbata, Chrysopogon fallax,
Digitaria ammophila and Eriachne mucronata always present.
A total of 83 species were recorded from 2 sites.
C9b. Low open-woodland of rough-leaved bloodwood (Corymbia setosa) with fern-leaved silky oak
(Grevillea pteridifolia) and paperbark (Melaleuca nervosa)
The dominant tree species is Corymbia setosa subsp. pedicellaris.
A very sparse shrub layer is present with Comesperma pallidum , Jacksonia ramosissima and
Petalostigma banksii commonly present.
The ground layer moderately developed with Haemodorum coccineum and Triodia bitextura
commonly present.
A total of 67 species were recorded from three sites.
Too small to be mapped.
E7. Open-woodland of Darwin stringybark (Eucalyptus tetrodonta)
The dominant tree species is Eucalyptus tetrodonta with Corymbia lamprophylla and C. dallachiana
present.
A very sparse shrub layer may occur with Acacia longispicata, A. melleodora, Alphitonia excelsa,
Bursaria incana, Maytenus cunninghamii and Petalostigma pubescens present.
The ground layer is well defined with Aristida inaequiglumis, A. hygrometrica, Crotalaria montana
and Triodia mitchellii present.
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A total of 50 species were recorded from one site.
E8. Open-woodland of Darwin woollybutt (Eucalyptus miniata) and Darwin stringybark (Eucalyptus
tetrodonta) (13 ha)
The dominant tree species are Eucalyptus tetrodonta with Eucalyptus miniata.
A very sparse shrub layer may occur occasionally.
The ground layer is well defined with Triodia pungens dominant and Alloteropsis semialata,
Eriachne mucronata and Sorghum plumosum present.
A total of 14 species were recorded from one site.
E9. Open-woodland of Darwin woollybutt (Eucalyptus miniata) and yellow bloodwood (Corymbia
leichhardtii) (426 ha)
The dominant tree species are Eucalyptus miniata and Corymbia leichhardtii sometimes with E.
similis and C. brachycarpa.
A sparse shrub layer is present with Grevillea decora and Persoonia falcata present.
The ground is moderately developed often with Sorghum plumosum and Triodia bitextura dominant.
A total of 49 species were recorded from two sites.
E11. Low open-woodland to open-woodland of desert yellowjacket (Eucalyptus similis) (7 719 ha)
The dominant tree species is Eucalyptus similis often with Corymbia brachycarpa.
A sparse shrub layer is usually present with Petalostigma pubescens most commonly present.
The ground layer is well developed and mostly frequently dominated by Triodia bitextura.
A total of 91 species were recorded from 5 sites.
E11a. Open-woodland of ironbark (Eucalyptus drepanophylla) and mahogany (Eucalyptus
mediocris) (81 ha)
The dominant tree species are Eucalyptus drepanophylla and E. mediocris sometimes with E. similis.
A sparse shrub layer is usually present with Persoonia falcata and Petalostigma pubescens often
present.
The ground layer is well developed with Chrysopogon fallax, Themeda triandra and Triodia sp.
frequently present.
A total of 59 species were recorded from 5 sites.
M3. Low open-woodland of budgeroo (Lysicarpus angustifolius) (181 ha)
The dominant tree species is Lysicarpus angustifolius.
A sparse shrub layer is present with Jacksonia ramosissima and Alphitonia excelsa commonly
occurring.
A ground layer is moderately developed Triodia bitextura with Lomandra multiflora commonly
present. A total of 123 species were recorded from 6 sites.
E2. Open-woodland of narrow-leaved ironbark (Eucalyptus crebra) and western bloodwood (Corymbia
brachycarpa) (591 ha)
The dominant tree species is Eucalyptus crebra and Corymbia brachycarpa.
A very sparse shrub layer may occur with Alphitonia excelsa present.
The ground layer is well defined with Aristida spp., Crotalaria medicaginea, C. montana, Evolvulus
alsinoides present.
A total of 54 species were recorded from two sites.
E4. Open-woodland of narrow-leaved ironbark (Eucalyptus crebra) (1 591 ha)
The dominant tree species is Eucalyptus crebra.
A very sparse shrub layer may occur with Alphitonia excelsa, Bursaria incana, Grevillea parallela,
Persoonia falcata and Petalostigma pubescens present.
The ground layer is well defined with Aristida spp., Chrysopogon fallax, Cymbopogon bombycinus,
Themeda triandra and Triodia pungens present.
A total of 19 species were recorded from one site.
Map unit 2b. Eucalyptus quadricostata woodlands on high altitude sand plains (2 units)
E53c. Open-woodland of square-fruited ironbark (Eucalyptus quadricostata) and variable-barked
bloodwood (Corymbia erythrophloia) (1 ha)
The dominant canopy species is Eucalyptus quadricostata with Corymbia erythrophloia.
A sparse shrub stratum is usually evident commonly with Bursaria incana present.
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The ground stratum is well developed with Aristida spp., Enneapogon lindleyanus, Themeda triandra,
Triodia bitextura commonly present.
A total of 41 species were recorded from 2 sites.
New vegetation type not recorded prior to the survey.
E53d. Open-woodland of square-fruited ironbark (Eucalyptus quadricostata) (7 690 ha)
The dominant canopy species is Eucalyptus quadricostata with Corymbia leichhardtii and/or C.
brachycarpa.
A sparse shrub stratum is usually evident commonly with Petalostigma pubescens present.
The ground stratum is well developed and dominated by Themeda triandra with Chrysopogon fallax,
Triodia bitextura and Cymbopogon refractus.
A total of 137 species were recorded from 9 sites.
New vegetation type not recorded prior to the survey.
Tertiary surface - shallow to skeletal soils mostly on the edge of sand plains
Map unit 3a. Acacia or Eucalypt species dominated low woodlands on Tertiary surface (5 units)
A3. Low woodland to woodland of lancewood (Acacia shirleyi) with grassy ground layer on edge of
plateaux (67 ha)
Woodland to 11m high dominated by Acacia shirleyi with Corymbia leichhardtii and occasional other
eucalypts species.
A shrub layer is poorly defined.
The ground layer is very well defined usually with Schizachyrium fragile as dominant with Aristida
caput-medusae, Cleistochloa subjuncea, Eragrostis spartinoides commonly present.
A total of 63 species were recorded from three sites.
A4. Low woodland to woodland of lancewood (Acacia shirleyi) on slopes (1 479 ha)
The dominant tree species is Acacia shirleyi and occasionally Acacia burdekensis is a co-dominant.
Eucalyptus exilipes is frequently present.
A shrub layer is usually poorly defined.
The ground layer is usually sparse and dominated by Cleistochloa subjuncea and Digitaria sp. (Mt
Mulligan J.R.Clarkson 5821).
A total of 71 species were recorded from seven sites.
A5. Low woodland of bendee (Acacia catenulata) (145 ha)
The dominant tree species is Acacia catenulata.
A shrub layer is very sparse.
The ground layer is sparse with Digitaria sp. (Mt Mulligan J.R.Clarkson 5821) and Schoenus kennyi
present.
A total of 5 species were recorded from one site.
A7a. Low open-woodland of Burdeken wattle (Acacia burdekensis) (306 ha)
The dominant tree species is Acacia burdekensis.
A shrub layer is poorly defined.
The ground layer is sparse and dominated by Triodia bitextura with Schoenus kennyi and Scleria sphacelata
present.
A total of 46 species were recorded from two sites.
New vegetation type not recorded prior to the survey.
C3. Open-woodland of yellow bloodwood (Corymbia leichhardtii) and fine-leaved ironbark (Eucalyptus
exilipes) (3 725 ha)
The dominant tree species are Corymbia leichhardtii and Eucalyptus exilipes with C. lamprophylla
sometimes present.
A shrub layer is occasionally well defined and dominated by Acacia leptostachya. Grevillea decora and
Lithomyrtus microphylla are commonly present.
A ground layer is moderately well defined and usually dominated by Triodia bitextura and
Schizachyrium fragile with Cymbopogon ambiguus occasionally dominant. Lomandra multiflora subsp.
multiflora is usually present.
A total of 36 species were recorded from two sites.
Map unit 3b. Eucalyptus persistens low open-woodlands on plateau tops and slopes (2 units)
10
E22. Low open-woodland of mallee box (Eucalyptus persistens) on edge of plateaux (314 ha)
The dominant tree species is Eucalyptus persistens.
A shrub layer is usually very sparse.
The ground layer is moderately developed and dominated by Triodia pungens with Chrysopogon fallax
and Themeda triandra usually present.
A total of 72 species were recorded from six sites.
E22b. Low open-woodland of mallee box (Eucalyptus persistens) on slopes (136 ha)
The dominant tree species is Eucalyptus persistens.
A shrub layer is usually absent.
The ground layer is well defined and usually dominated by Triodia bitextura.
A total of 95 species were recorded from six sites.
Map unit 3c. Mixed low open-woodlands and shrublands on plateau tops (6 units)
C9c. Low open-woodland of rough-leaved bloodwood (Corymbia setosa) (7 ha)
The dominant tree species is Corymbia setosa subsp. pedicellaris
A very sparse shrub layer is usually present occasionally dominated by Jacksonia ramosissima
with Comesperma pallidum and Lithomyrtus microphylla.
The ground layer is usually dominated by Triodia bitextura.
No sites completed within the study. The description was based on a site in similar plant community 30km south of the
study area.
E27. Low open-woodland of Baker’s mallee (Eucalyptus bakeri) (7 ha)
The dominant tree species is Eucalyptus bakeri.
A shrub layer is usually very sparse.
The ground layer is well defined and dominated by Cleistochloa subjuncea with Triodia bitextura and
Schoenus kennyi usually present.
A total of 31 species were recorded from three sites.
G12. Open-hummock grassland of spinifex (Triodia spp.) (23 ha)
There are generally few scattered trees or shrubs present.
The dominant species is Triodia bitextura or T. pungens and occasionally Sorghum plumosum var.
plumosum.
A total of 49 species have been recorded from two sites.
M6. Open-shrubland of paperbark (Melaleuca tamariscina) or quinine bush (Petalostigma banksii) (985
ha)
The dominant shrubs are Melaleuca tamariscina subsp. tamariscina or Melaleuca tamariscina
subsp. pallescens or Petalostigma banksii.
The ground layer is well defined and usually dominated by Triodia bitextura. Stylidium eriorhizum
and Schizachyrium fragile are usually present.
A total of 151 species have been recorded from 15 sites.
M8. Tall open-shrubland of wattle (Acacia leptostachya) or calytrix (Calytrix microcoma) (1 129 ha)
The dominant species are usually Acacia leptostachya and/or Calytrix microcoma with
Melaleuca uncinata and Melaleuca tamariscina subsp. tamariscina usually present.
The ground layer is moderately well defined with Triodia bitextura present and Schoenus kennyi usually present.
A total of 102 species were recorded from 14 sites.
E37a. Open-woodland of fine-leaved ironbark (Eucalyptus exilipes) (979 ha)
The dominant tree species is Eucalyptus exilipes with Corymbia leichhardtii usually present.
A shrub layer is occasionally sparsely developed with Petalostigma banksii occasionally present.
The ground layer is well defined with Triodia bitextura frequently dominant and Lomandra
multiflora subsp. multiflora and Schizachyrium fragile commonly present.
A total of 107 species were recorded from eight sites.
New vegetation type not recorded prior to the survey.
Dissected hills of coarse quartzose sandstone with shallow gravelly to skeletal soils, including
tallus slopes and deep rocky ravines
11
Map unit 4a. Acacia or Eucalypt species low open-woodlands on dissected sandstone hills (8 units)
A4a. Low open-woodland to woodland of lancewood (Acacia shirleyi) (11 305 ha)
The dominant tree species is Acacia shirleyi and occasionally Acacia burdekensis is a co-dominant.
Eucalyptus exilipes is usually present.
A shrub layer is usually very sparse with Sauropus elachophyllus, Solanum sp. (Mt Coolon I.C.
Champion 1310) frequently present.
The ground layer is usually dominated by Cleistochloa subjuncea and occasionally Scleria sphacelata
and Setaria surgens are co-dominants. Schoenus kennyi is commonly present.
A total of 122 species were recorded from seventeen sites.
A5a. Low woodland of bendee (Acacia catenulata) (217 ha)
The dominant tree species is Acacia catenulata.
A shrub layer is absent to very sparse.
The ground layer is sparse.
No sites.
A7. Low open-woodland of Burdeken wattle (Acacia burdekensis) (5 406 ha)
The dominant tree species is Acacia burdekensis with Corymbia trachyphloia subsp. trachyphloia.
A shrub layer is very sparse and Ochrospermum adpressum is frequently dominant.
Lithomyrtus microphylla and Pseudanthus pimeleoides are commonly present.
The ground layer is usually dominated by Cleistochloa subjuncea and Schoenus kennyi. Dampiera
adpressa is usually present.
A total of 55 species were recorded from seven sites.
C19. Open-woodland of yellow bloodwood (Corymbia leichhardtii) (463 ha)
The dominant tree species is Corymbia leichhardtii.
There is usually a sparse tall shrub layer with Acacia julifera subsp. julifera, A. leptostachya, A. uncifera
and A. multisiliqua present.
The ground layer is very sparse with Schoenus kennyi and Scleria sphacelata.
A total of 54 species were recorded from two sites.
C27. Open-woodland of Newcastle Range bloodwood (Corymbia arnhemicus subsp. monticola) and
lancewood (Acacia shirleyi) (1 388 ha)
The dominant tree species are Corymbia arnhemicus subsp. monticola and Acacia shirleyi.
There is usually a sparse shrub layer usually present are Boronia sp. (Warang R.J.Cumming 9671),
Grevillea decora, Hovea lanceolata and Labichea rupestre.
The ground layer is usually very sparse and dominated by Cleistochloa subjuncea.
A total of 54 species were recorded from two sites.
C31b. Open-woodland to tall woodland of swamp mahogany (Lophostemon suaveolens) (545 ha)
The dominant tree species is Lophostemon suaveolens sometimes with Eucalyptus mediocris as co-
dominant. There can be a very sparse lower canopy of trees present.
There can be a sparse shrubland to tall shrubland layer with Alyxia spicata and Acacia julifera
subsp. julifera usually present.
The ground layer is usually very sparse and dominated by Cleistochloa subjuncea and
occasionally Eriachne pallescens. Gahnia aspera is present and Sporobolus spartellum is
usually present.
A total of 99 species were recorded from six sites.
New vegetation type not recorded prior to the survey.
E10. Open-woodland of Darwin woollybutt (Eucalyptus miniata) and yellow bloodwood (Corymbia
leichhardtii) or shiny-leaved bloodwood (Corymbia lamprophylla) (19 ha)
The dominant tree species are Eucalyptus miniata and Corymbia leichhardtii or C. lamprophylla.
A sparse shrub layer is present with Grevillea glauca, Jacksonia ramosissima, Persoonia falcata and
Pogonolobus reticulatus present.
The ground is moderately developed often with Arundinella nepalensis and Triodia bitextura dominant.
A total of 58 species were recorded from three sites.
E44. Low open-woodland to open-woodland of mahogany (Eucalyptus mediocris) and usually
brown bloodwood (Corymbia trachyphloia subsp. trachyphloia) (7 706 ha)
The dominant tree species is Eucalyptus mediocris usually with Corymbia trachyphloia subsp.
trachyphloia as co-dominant.
12
There can be a very sparse tall shrub layer usually with Grevillea sessilis and Labichea
rupestris present. The ground layer is usually very sparse with Cleistochloa subjuncea,
Schoenus kennyi and Triodia spp. present.
A total of 114 species were recorded from fifteen sites.
Map unit 4b. Acacia tall shrublands, Eucalypt low open-woodlands and bare rock areas on dissected
sandstone hills (3 units)
A9a. Tall shrubland of wattles (Acacia julifera subsp. julifera) (3 842 ha)
The dominant shrub species is usually Acacia julifera subsp. julifera and sometimes Acacia
multisiliqua. Labichea rupestris and Lithomyrtus microphylla are present.
The ground layer is very sparse to spares dominated by Triodia longiceps, and Schoenus kennyi
is present
A total of 43 species were recorded from three sites.
New vegetation type not recorded prior to the survey.
B. Bare rock
Mostly bare rock pavement with small patches of vegetation in crevices and small patches of
shallow soil.
The plant species likely to be found are those recorded for adjacent vegetation types.
C21. Low open-woodland to open-woodland of brown bloodwood (Corymbia trachyphloia subsp.
trachyphloia) and/ or shiny-leaved bloodwood (Corymbia lamprophylla) (5 903 ha)
The dominant tree species is Corymbia trachyphloia subsp. trachyphloia and/or C. lamprophylla.
There can be a very sparse shrub to tall shrub layer with Ochrospermum adpressum
occasionally dominant. Grevillea sessilis and Acacia leptostachya are usually present.
The ground layer is usually very sparse and dominated by Triodia pungens with Schoenus kennyi.
A total of 80 species were recorded from 11 sites.
Map unit 4c. Eucalyptus exilipes woodlands on shallow soils on sandstone plateau (1 unit)
E37. Low open-woodland to open-woodland of fine-leaved ironbark (Eucalyptus exilipes) and
usually yellow bloodwood (Corymbia leichhardtii) (6 109 ha)
The dominant tree species is Eucalyptus exilipes usually with Corymbia leichhardtii as co-dominant.
There can be a tall shrubland layer usually with Grevillea decora present.
The ground layer is usually very sparse with Cleistochloa subjuncea, Scleria sphacelata and
Schoenus kennyi present
A total of 80 species were recorded from eight sites.
Undulating low hills of fine-grained sandstone with shallow soils
Map unit 5a. Dwarf shrublands of Melaleuca uncinata on undulating low hills of fine-grained sandstone (1
unit)
M8b. Dwarf shrubland of paperbark (Melaleuca uncinata) (2082 ha)
The dominant shrub species is Melaleuca uncinata, and Acacia lazaridis, Melaleuca
tamariscina subsp. pallescens are present.
The ground layer is sparse and dominated by Triodia longiceps.
A total of 11 species were recorded from one site.
New vegetation type not recorded prior to the survey.
Metamorphosed sandstone
Map unit 6a. Woodlands of Eucalyptus crebra on metamorphosed sandstone (1 unit)
E35. Open-woodland of narrow-leaved ironbark (Eucalyptus crebra) (365 ha)
The dominant tree species is Eucalyptus crebra with or without Corymbia erythrophloia.
A very sparse to sparse shrub layer may occur occasionally with Grevillea decora frequently present
The ground layer is well defined with Cleistochloa subjuncea, Schoenus kennyi and Scleria
sphacelata present.
A total of 53 species were recorded from one site.
13
Basalt plains
Map unit 7a. Woodlands of Eucalyptus crebra on basalt plains (2 units)
E63. Open-woodland of narrow-leaved ironbark (Eucalyptus crebra) (1148 ha)
The dominant tree species is Eucalyptus crebra with Corymbia dallachiana present and C.
erythrophloia usually present.
A sparse shrub layer can be present with Hakea lorea frequently present.
The ground layer is well defined with Themeda triandra and Heteropogon contortus often dominant.
A total of 44 species were recorded from two sites.
G6. Tussock grassland of kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra) (169 ha)
Emergent trees include Eucalyptus crebra with Corymbia dallachiana.
The ground layer is well defined and dominated by Themeda triandra with Heteropogon contortus
and Aristida jerichoensis.
No sites are located in the study area.
Table 4. Summary of Species Diversity Data
Landscape
Type
Vegetation
Type
Total
species
recorded
No.
of
Sites
Landscape
Type
Vegetation
Type
Total
species
recorded
No.
of
Sites
1
C31
113
5
4
A4a
122
17
C31a
89
7
A5a
-
0
C31c
9
1
A7
55
7
C34
67
3
A9a
43
3
E68
-
0
C19
54
2
E72
85
4
C21
80
11
P
26
2
C27
54
2
2
C1
42
2
C31b
99
6
C6
80
8
E10
58
3
C9
83
2
E37
80
8
C9b
67
3
E44
114
4
E2
54
2
5
M8b
11
1
E4
19
1
E35
53
1
E7
50
1
6
E63
44
2
E8
14
1
7
G6
-
0
E9
44
2
E11
91
5
E11a
59
5
E53c
41
2
E53d
137
9
M3
123
6
3
A3
63
3
A4
71
7
A5
5
1
A7a
46
2
C3
36
2
C9c
-
0
E22
72
6
E22b
95
6
E27
31
3
E37a
107
8
G12
49
2
M6
151
15
M8
102
14
Appendix 2. Species List for the White Mountains expedition study area
14
The species are listed alphabetical within families with growth form and notes provided.
Legend
Growth form (Gf)
b subshrub; a woody plant<1m tall, often multi-stemmed.
f fern
g graminoid; an herbaceous plant with a grass like appearance - includes grasses, sedges, Lomandra spp. etc.
h forb; an herbaceous or slightly woody plant not having a grass-like appearance.
p parasitic shrub; growing upon another plant and drawing some or all of the nutrients required for growth
from the host.
s shrubs; a woody plant either multi-stemmed at the base or within 0.2m of ground level and >1.5m tall
or if single stemmed <2m tall.
t small tree; a woody plant 2-10m tall with a single stem or branching well above the base.
T tree; a woody plant >10m tall with a single stem or branching well above the base.
v vine; a climbing or trailing plant usually with special modifications for climbing.
Notes (N)
* alien species
A of biogeographic interest
E endangered species (Nature Conservation and other Legislation Amendment Regulation 2000).
N new species recorded for the expedition
R rare species (Nature Conservation and other Legislation Amendment Regulation 2000).
Records for the 13 groups of Vegetation Types (described in Appendix 1)
+ recorded in field sites
White Mountains National Park species list
TAXON
LF
ST
1A
1B
2A
2B
3A
3B
3C
4A
4B
4C
5
6
7
ANGIOSPERMAE
ACANTHACEAE
Brunoniella acaulis
h
+
+
+
+
+
Brunoniella australis
h
+
+
+
+
Pseuderanthemum variabile
h
+
+
+
+
+
Rostellularia adscendens var. adscendens
h
AIZOACEAE
Trianthema triquetra
h
+
AMARANTHACEAE
Achyranthes aspera
h
+
+
Alternanthera denticulata
h
+
Alternanthera micrantha
h
+
Alternanthera nana
h
+
Alternanthera pungens
h
*
Amaranthus viridis
h
+
+
Gomphrena celosioides
h
*
Gomphrena lanata
h
+
+
ANTHERICACEAE
Laxmannia gracilis
h
Thysanotus tuberosus
h
+
+
+
+
+
+
Tricoryne anceps subsp. anceps
h
Tricoryne elatior
h
+
+
+
APIACEAE
Platysace valida
s
+
+
+
+
+
APOCYNACEAE
Alyxia spicata
s
+
+
+
+
Carissa lanceolata
s
+
+
+
Parsonsia lanceolata
v
+
+
+
+
Parsonsia rotata
v
Parsonsia straminea
v
+
15
TAXON
LF
ST
1A
1B
2A
2B
3A
3B
3C
4A
4B
4C
5
6
7
Wrightia versicolor
t
+
ARALIACEAE
Astrotricha pterocarpa
s
+
+
+
+
Polyscias elegans
s
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Marsdenia viridiflora subsp. viridiflora
v
+
+
+
+
+
+
ASTERACEAE
Acanthospermum hispidum
h
+
Acomis macra
h
+
Ageratina riparia
h
*
Blumea diffusa
h
Blumea saxatilis
h
Calotis cuneifolia
h
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Calotis dentex
h
+
+
+
+
+
Camptacra barbata
h
+
Cassinia laevis
s
+
Centipeda minima
h
+
Chrysocephalum apiculatum
h
+
+
+
Emilia sonchifolia
h
*
+
Epaltes australis
h
+
+
+
+
+
Helichrysum glutinosum
h
+
+
+
+
Helichrysum sp. (Belyando River
V.J.Neldner+ 3459)
h
A
+
+
Lagenophora gracilis
h
+
+
Olearia xerophila
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
Peripleura sp.
h
+
Peripleura bicolor
h
+
+
Peripleura diffusa
h
+
+
+
Peripleura hispidula var. hispidula
h
+
+
Peripleura obovata
h
+
Pluchea sp.
h
+
Pterocaulon redolens
h
+
+
+
+
Pterocaulon serrulatum var. serrulatum
h
+
+
+
+
+
Pterocaulon sphacelatum
h
+
Rutidosis leucantha
h
Vernonia cinerea
h
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Wedelia spilanthoides
h
+
BIGNONIACEAE
Pandorea pandorana
v
+
+
+
+
BORAGINACEAE
Heliotropium peninsularis
h
Trichodesma zeylanicum
h
BYBLIDACEAE
Byblis liniflora
h
+
CAESALPINIACEAE
Chamaecrista absus var. absus
h
Chamaecrista nomame
h
+
+
Labichea rupestris
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Petalostylis labicheoides
s
+
Senna aciphylla
h
+
Senna artemisioides subsp. artemisioides
s
+
Senna costata
s
+
CAMPANULACEAE
Wahlenbergia caryophylloides
h
Wahlenbergia stricta
h
+
16
TAXON
LF
ST
1A
1B
2A
2B
3A
3B
3C
4A
4B
4C
5
6
7
CAPPARACEAE
Capparis canescens
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Capparis lasiantha
s
+
+
+
+
Capparis loranthifolia
s
Cleome viscosa
h
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Polycarpaea corymbosa var. corymbosa
h
Polycarpaea corymbosa var. minor
h
+
Polycarpaea spirostylis
h
+
CASUARINACEAE
Casuarina cunninghamiana
T
+
+
CELASTRACEAE
Maytenus cunninghamii
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
CENTROLEPIDACEAE
Centrolepis exserta
h
+
CHENOPODIACEAE
Chenopodium carinatum
h
Chenopodium cristatum
h
Chenopodium pumilio
h
Dysphania glomulifera
h
+
Einadia nutans subsp. nutans
h
Enchylaena tomentosa var. glabra
s
+
CLUSIACEAE
Hypericum gramineum
h
+
+
COLCHICACEAE
Iphigenia indica
h
+
+
COMBRETACEAE
Terminalia aridicola subsp. chillagoensis
t
+
+
COMMELINACEAE
Commelina diffusa
h
Murdannia graminea
h
CONVOLVULACEAE
Bonamia media
h
+
+
+
Evolvulus alsinoides
h
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Ipomoea eriocarpa
h
+
Ipomoea plebeia
h
Ipomoea polymorpha
h
Jacquemontia paniculata
h
+
Polymeria pusilla
h
CRASSULACEAE
Crassula sieberiana
h
+
CYPERACEAE
Abildgaardia ovata
g
+
+
+
+
+
Bulbostylis barbata
g
+
+
+
+
+
+
Bulbostylis densa
g
Bulbostylis pyriformis
g
Bulbostylis sp. (White Mtns R.J. Cumming
19025)
Cyperus sp.
g
Cyperus castaneus var. brevimucronatus
g
Cyperus castaneus var. castaneus
g
+
Cyperus dactylotes
g
+
+
Cyperus dietrichiae
g
+
Cyperus difformis
g
+
Cyperus flaccidus
g
+
+
Cyperus fulvus
g
+
+
+
17
TAXON
LF
ST
1A
1B
2A
2B
3A
3B
3C
4A
4B
4C
5
6
7
Cyperus gracilis
g
+
Cyperus iria
g
+
Cyperus isabellinus
g
+
Cyperus javanicus
g
Cyperus pulchellus
g
+
+
Cyperus squarrosus
g
Fimbristylis dichotoma
g
+
+
+
+
Fimbristylis littoralis
g
Fimbristylis microcarya
g
+
+
+
+
+
Fimbristylis neilsonii
g
+
Fimbristylis oxystachya
g
Fuirena ciliaris
g
+
Fuirena nudiflora
g
+
+
Gahnia aspera
g
+
+
+
+
+
+
Lepidosperma laterale
g
+
+
Lipocarpha microcephala
g
+
+
Rhynchospora pterochaeta
g
+
Schoenus kennyi
g
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Scleria brownii
g
+
+
+
+
+
Scleria rugosa
g
+
Scleria sphacelata
g
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
DILLENIACEAE
Hibbertia exutiacies
b
+
+
Hibbertia stricta
s
+
+
+
DROSERACEAE
Drosera indica
h
+
+
+
Drosera peltata
h
+
Drosera spatulata
h
+
+
EBENACEAE
Diospyros humilis
s
+
EPACRIDACEAE
Leucopogon mitchellii
s
+
ERIOCAULACEAE
Eriocaulon pygmaeum
h
+
ERYTHROXYLACEAE
Erythroxylum australe
s
+
+
+
+
+
EUPHORBIACEAE
Bertya opponens
s
+
+
+
Beyeria viscosa var. obovata
s
+
+
+
+
+
Breynia oblongifolia var. oblongifolia
s
+
+
+
Chamaesyce drummondii
h
+
+
+
+
Chamaesyce hirta
h
*
Chamaesyce mitchelliana var.
mitchelliana
h
+
+
+
Chamaesyce sp. (Georgetown D.Hassall
7631)
h
+
+
+
+
Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila
h
+
Monotaxis macrophylla
h
+
Petalostigma banksii
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Petalostigma pubescens
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Phyllanthus fuernrohrii
h
+
+
+
+
+
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis
h
+
+
Phyllanthus oblanceolatus
h
Phyllanthus sp. (Betanga E.J.Thompson+
JER41)
h
+
+
Phyllanthus sp. (Kidston P.I.Forster+
h
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
18
TAXON
LF
ST
1A
1B
2A
2B
3A
3B
3C
4A
4B
4C
5
6
7
PIF14945)
Phyllanthus sp. (Warang M.B. Thomas +
1737)
h
Poranthera microphylla
h
+
+
+
+
Pseudanthus pimeleoides
s
+
+
+
+
Sauropus elachophyllus
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
Sauropus trachyspermus
h
FABACEAE
Aphyllodium biarticulatum
h
+
Bossiaea carinalis
s
+
+
+
Canavalia papuana
h
+
Crotalaria medicaginea
h
+
+
+
Crotalaria mitchellii
h
Crotalaria montana
h
+
+
+
Daviesia filipes
s
+
Desmodium brachypodum
h
+
+
Desmodium brownii
h
Desmodium filiforme
h
Desmodium macrocarpum
h
R
+
Desmodium rhytidophyllum
h
+
+
+
Galactia tenuiflora
h
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Gastrolobium grandiflorum
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Glycine sp. (Mackay S.B.Andrews+ 43)
h
+
Glycine tomentella
h
+
Gompholobium foliolosum
s
+
+
Hardenbergia perbrevidens
h
+
+
+
+
+
Hovea lanceolata
s
+
+
+
+
+
Indigofera brevidens var. brevidens
s
+
Indigofera brevidens var. uncinata
s
Indigofera colutea
h
+
+
Indigofera ewartiana
h
+
Indigofera haplophylla
h
+
Indigofera linifolia
h
+
+
+
+
Indigofera linnaei
h
+
+
+
Indigofera pratensis
s
Jacksonia ramosissima
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Jacksonia rhadinoclona
b
+
+
+
+
+
Jacksonia thesioides
s
+
+
+
Leptosema oxylobioides
b
+
+
+
Leptosema sp. (Burra Range F.D.Hockings
30)
b
R
+
+
Macroptilium lathyroides
h
*
Mirbelia aotoides
s
+
+
+
+
Mirbelia viminalis
s
+
+
+
+
+
Rhynchosia minima var. minima
h
Stylosanthes scabra
h
*
+
Tephrosia filipes
h
+
+
+
+
Tephrosia juncea
h
+
+
+
Tephrosia leptoclada
h
+
+
+
Tephrosia purpurea var. sericea
s
+
Tephrosia rufula
s
+
Tephrosia sp. (Copperfield River
P.I.Forster PIF14768)
s
+
+
Uraria lagopodioides
h
+
+
Vigna vexillata
h
+
+
Zornia dyctiocarpa
h
+
+
+
+
19
TAXON
LF
ST
1A
1B
2A
2B
3A
3B
3C
4A
4B
4C
5
6
7
Zornia muriculata
h
+
+
+
+
+
GOODENIACEAE
Dampiera adpressa
h
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Goodenia armitiana
h
+
+
Goodenia cycloptera
h
+
+
Goodenia disperma
h
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Goodenia glabra
h
+
+
+
+
+
Goodenia grandiflora
h
+
+
+
Goodenia paniculata
h
+
+
+
Goodenia sp. (Yarrowmere
R.J.Henderson+ H2844)
h
A
+
+
+
Goodenia viridula
h
+
+
+
Scaevola parvifolia subsp. parvifolia
h
GYROSTEMONACEAE
Codonocarpus cotinifolius
s
+
HAEMODORACEAE
Haemodorum coccineum
g
+
HALORAGACEAE
Gonocarpus acanthocarpus
h
+
+
+
JUNCACEAE
Juncus continuus
h
+
LAMIACEAE
Chloanthes parviflora
b
+
Clerodendrum floribundum
s
Hemigenia cuneifolia
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Prostanthera parvifolia
s
+
+
+
Prostanthera sp. (Warang M.B. Thomas+
1849)
LAURACEAE
Cassytha filiformis
p
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cassytha glabella forma glabella
p
Cassytha pubescens
p
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
LOGANIACEAE
Logania albiflora
s
+
+
+
+
Mitrasacme brachystemonea
h
+
+
+
Mitrasacme connata
h
+
+
Mitrasacme paludosa
h
+
Mitrasacme pygmaea
h
LORANTHACEAE
Amyema bifurcatum
p
+
Amyema biniflorum
p
Amyema congener
p
+
Amyema quandang
p
Dendrophthoe glabrescens
p
+
+
+
Lysiana exocarpi subsp. exocarpi
p
+
+
+
Lysiana subfalcata
p
+
LYTHRACEAE
Ammannia multiflora
h
+
Rotala mexicana
h
MALVACEAE
Abutilon fraseri
s
+
Gossypium australe
s
+
+
Hibiscus krichauffianus
b
+
+
+
+
Hibiscus meraukensis
h
+
+
+
Hibiscus normanii
h
+
Hibiscus setulosus
s
+
20
TAXON
LF
ST
1A
1B
2A
2B
3A
3B
3C
4A
4B
4C
5
6
7
Hibiscus sturtii
b
+
+
+
Sida sp.
h
+
+
Sida aprica var. solanacea
b
+
Sida atherophora subsp. magnifica
b
+
+
Sida cordifolia
s
+
+
+
Sida everistiana
b
+
Sida excedentifolia
b
Sida filiformis
b
+
Sida macropoda
h
+
Sida prolixipes
b
+
+
Sida spinosa
b
+
Sida subspicata
s
+
+
Sida virgata
b
+
+
MIMOSACEAE
Acacia bancroftiorum
s
+
+
Acacia bidwillii
t
+
Acacia burdekensis
t
+
+
+
+
+
+
Acacia catenulata
t
+
Acacia coriacea subsp. sericophylla
t
+
Acacia cowleana
s
+
Acacia decora
s
+
+
+
Acacia dictyophleba
s
+
Acacia drepanocarpa subsp.
drepanocarpa
s
+
+
+
Acacia elachantha
s
+
+
Acacia excelsa subsp. excelsa
t
+
+
+
+
+
Acacia farnesiana
s
+
Acacia faucium
t
+
+
+
+
Acacia flavescens
s
Acacia galioides
b
+
+
+
+
+
+
Acacia gnidium
t
+
+
+
Acacia gonoclada
s
Acacia hemignosta
s
Acacia holosericea
s
+
Acacia hyaloneura
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
Acacia julifera subsp. curvinervia
s
+
Acacia julifera subsp. julifera
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Acacia juncifolia
s
Acacia laccata
s
+
+
+
Acacia lazaridis
s
+
+
+
+
+
Acacia leptostachya
t
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Acacia longispicata
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Acacia macradenia
s
+
+
+
Acacia melleodora
s
+
+
+
Acacia microcephala
t
+
+
Acacia multisiliqua
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Acacia platycarpa
s
+
Acacia ramiflora
s
E
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Acacia shirleyi
T
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Acacia sp. (Burra Range P.Jobson 467)
s
+
Acacia stipuligera
s
Acacia tenuissima
s
+
+
Acacia triptera
s
+
Acacia uncifera
s
+
+
+
+
+
Archidendropsis basaltica
t
+
+
21
TAXON
LF
ST
1A
1B
2A
2B
3A
3B
3C
4A
4B
4C
5
6
7
MORACEAE
Ficus opposita
s
+
+
+
Ficus rubiginosa
t
+
MYOPORACEAE
Myoporum acuminatum
s
+
+
MYRTACEAE
Angophora costata
T
A
+
+
Babingtonia squarrulosa
s
E
+
Callistemon chisholmii
s
R
+
+
+
+
+
Callistemon viminalis
s
Calytrix microcoma
s
+
+
+
+
+
Corymbia arnhemensis subsp. monticola
T
+
+
Corymbia brachycarpa
T
+
+
+
+
+
Corymbia citriodora
T
+
+
+
+
Corymbia dallachiana
T
+
+
Corymbia erythrophloia
T
+
+
+
Corymbia gilbertensis
T
+
Corymbia lamprophylla
T
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Corymbia leichhardtii
T
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Corymbia plena
T
Corymbia polycarpa
T
+
Corymbia setosa subsp. pedicellaris
t
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Corymbia trachyphloia subsp.
trachyphloia
t
+
+
+
+
+
+
Eucalyptus ammophila
t
+
Eucalyptus bakeri
t
A
+
+
+
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
T
+
+
Eucalyptus crebra
T
+
+
+
+
+
Eucalyptus drepanophylla
T
+
Eucalyptus exilipes
T
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Eucalyptus exserta
t
+
+
+
+
+
+
Eucalyptus mediocris
T
+
+
+
+
+
+
Eucalyptus miniata
T
+
+
Eucalyptus persistens
t
+
+
+
+
+
Eucalyptus quadricostata
T
R
+
+
+
+
Eucalyptus shirleyi
t
+
Eucalyptus similis
T
+
+
+
+
+
+
Eucalyptus sp. (Caldervale D.Jermyn
AQ582304)
T
Eucalyptus sp. (Pentland M.I.Brooker
8968)
T
Eucalyptus tetrodonta
T
A
Eucalyptus whitei
T
Homoranthus thomasii
s
+
+
+
Leptospermum lamellatum
s
+
+
+
Leptospermum polygalifolium
s
+
+
+
Lithomyrtus microphylla
s
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Lophostemon suaveolens
T
+
+
+
+
+
Lysicarpus angustifolius
t
+
+
+
+
+
+
Melaleuca bracteata
t
+
+
Melaleuca fluviatilis
T
+
+
Melaleuca leucadendra
T
+
Melaleuca nervosa subsp. nervosa
t
+
+
+
+
+
Melaleuca tamariscina subsp. pallescens
t
+