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Fabrication of a nursing manikin overlay for simulation of chest drainage management
Abstract
Medical manikins are a type of patient simulator used to train medical staff. The benefits of using a medical manikin simulator include the suspension of disbelief, simultaneous team and individual learning, allowable failure, personalized scenarios, frequent repetition and a focus on the needs of the learner rather than the patient. Unfortunately, one of the limitations of medical manikins is that they cannot simulate every problem that medical staff comes across. The SimMan (Laerdal) manikins do not have the ability to simulate when excess air or fluid is in the pleural space of the lung or thorax, the drainage of which must be managed by nurses. These three symptoms are called a pneumothorax, pleural effusion and excess thoracic blood, respectively. The purpose of this research was to create an overlay for the SimMan manikin to simulate a pneumothorax, pleural effusion or excess of thoracic blood for nurses to learn and practice responsibilities during chest drainage. The process began by obtaining a scan of a manikin from the Milwaukee School of Engineering nursing department. Simultaneously developed, a pneumothorax, pleural effusion and excess thoracic blood simulator became the basis for the layout of the overlay. Beginning with the computer scan, a mold of the overlay was shaped using computer automated design programs. This mold was customized to accommodate all necessary components and ports of the simulator. The mold was printed using a stereolithography (SLA) machine and created by layering silicone to make the housing for the simulator. The overlay resulting from this research is currently being used to train nursing students at the Milwaukee School of Engineering.
In aging society like Japan, maintaining the quality of life (QOL) is an important objective. The oral cavity has various significant functions that contribute to the QOL. Elderly people are susceptible to the swallowing disorders owing to various factors associated with advancing age. In such cases, mealtime assistance can provide elderly persons appropriate eating situations. Thus, mealtime assistance skills are essential for students in nursing and caregiver education. Recently, simulation education has attracted attention as an effective educational process for nursing and caregiver students before their clinical practice in a hospital or care house. In this educational process, a patient model that mimics specific symptoms called the simulation model, is used to learn the symptoms and its care process in the same clinical environment as actual. We have attempted to develop several oral care simulation models, and we have earlier developed a prototype of mealtime assistance simulation model. This simulation model had a tongue model with a sensor system to detect spoon motions, and its fundamental functions were evaluated via spoon detection experiments. Based on the earlier achievements, in this study, we develop an evaluation system of feeding skill using a spoon. The pressing force and position by spoon on the tongue model were estimated by transfer functions derived from experiments. In addition, we developed an algorithm that leads students’ spoon position and pressing force in the correct position.
Currently, virtual reality and makerspace consumables are being adopted in education for creating engaging simulation learning experiences. Traditional user input devices can break immersion and may not be suitable for developing psychomotor skills due to the differences with real medical equipment. In this paper, we present the development of a stethoscope replica for cardiac auscultation training and focus on understanding the usability effects on diagnosis practices employing a virtual reality controller, touch gestures, and the proposed makerspace replica, when compared to a simulation manikin. Our preliminary results from four examination scenarios shows that immersive and non-immersive VR are found more usable than a simulation manikin, thus showing an opportunity to further engage learners with interactive learning experiences. Additionally, based on the auscultation examination, it was clear that the participant pool had a diverse range of cardiac auscultation skills, with several failing at diagnosing the murmurs, thus highlighting the importance of our proposed approach.
The variety of chest drainage systems now available makes it more important than ever for nurses to understand what's out there and how these systems work. Nurses are responsible for managing chest drains and need to know which drain is best suited for which situation.
This article provides an overview of the essential physiology of the respiratory system to enhance understanding of the principles of intrapleural drainage. Indications for chest drain insertion, related signs and symptoms, potential complications and nursing reponsibilities are discussed.
Introduction:
Patient simulators are increasingly used in the education and training of healthcare professionals. This paper describes the history of human patient simulator development, the features of contemporary simulators, the acquisition of basic and advanced clinical skills using patient simulators, and the benefits, cost, limitations and effectiveness of this innovative learning modality.
Simulator development:
The development of human patient simulators began in the late 1960s, and accelerated in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Several simulator systems are now professionally manufactured, commercially available, and used at hundreds of medical centres, universities and colleges in the USA and throughout the world. Contemporary patient simulators have many clinical features, and look and respond to interventions with ever-increasing degrees of realism because sophisticated physiological and pharmacological models automatically control many features.
Simulator use in medical education:
Simulators are used to teach basic skills, such as respiratory physiology and cardiovascular haemodynamics, and advanced clinical skills, e.g. management of difficult airways, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism and shock.
Benefits, costs and limitations:
The simulation laboratory offers distinct educational advantages, especially for learning how to recognise and to treat rare, complex, clinical problems. Costs of simulator-based educational programmes include facility, equipment and personnel. Current limitations include clinical realism of the patient manikin and faculty development.
Deadly Dozen ... Lethal Six ... Hidden Six ... Major thoracic injuries are known as the Deadly Dozen. The Lethal Six (airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, open pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, and flail chest) are immediate, life-threatening injuries that require evaluation and treatment during primary survey. The Hidden Six (thoracic aortic disruption, tracheobronchial disruption, myocardial contusion, traumatic diaphragmatic tear, esophageal disruption, and pulmonary contusion) are potentially life-threatening injuries that should be detected during secondary survey. Each of these may present as immediately life-threatening or potentially life-threatening events. This article provides an overview of these 12 injuries and appropriate management for each. Case studies are included.
Interactive dissection
- L Gordon
- Todd
Removable tension-pneumothorax-simulator cartridge for use with a patient simulating mannequin
- Fradette Yanick
- Yanick Cote
- Christophe Courtoy