Comparative Effect of Wasp Density in Unisexual and Bisexual Strains of Lysiphlebus fabarum, on Superparasitism in the Black Bean Aphid, Aphis fabae

Abstract

Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) is a common aphidiine parasitoid in central Europe where it attacks more than 70 species of aphids. Although both unisexual (thelytokous) and bisexual (arrhenotokous) strains of L. fabarum have been reported in Iran, the former appear to be more widely distributed. Aphid control in Iran relies heavily on pesticides in both field and greenhouse settings, whereas any availability of a new biological control agents such as L. fabarum would likely aid in reducing pesticide use. One of the most important aspects of implementing a parasitoid as a biological control agent is to determine the best density of parasitoid in the host access, in mass rearing. Parasitoid wasps display a wide array of strategies to dispose of host resources. Superparasitism is parasitism of a host by parasitoids of the same species. In solitary parasitoids, superparasitism almost occurs when hosts are limited or parasitoid density in a patch is high. Acceptance or rejection of a host usually depends on a female parasitoid’s ability to distinguish parasitized and unparasitized hosts. Previously, superparasitism was thought to be a maladaptive strategy, wasteful of both eggs and time, while it is now recognized as adaptive in a number of situations, e.g. under conditions of low host availability, as a mechanism for overwhelming the immune response of hosts.
Materials and methods: In the present study, stock colonies of the unisexual and bisexual strains of the parasitoid were established from materials collected from Zanjan province and Khuzestan province fields, respectively. Both populations of the parasitoid were collected from parasitized black bean aphids feeding on broad bean, Vicia fabae L. A stock colony of black bean aphids was established with material collected from bean fields in Khuzestan province. The synchronous cohorts of both strains of L. fabarum were produced at 21±1 ºC, 50–60% r.h., and L14:D10 photoperiod, and then introduced (one day old) separately into 40 2nd instar nymphs in different densities (1, 5, 10, 15 and 30). The females were removed after 24 hours and parasitized aphids were dissected three days after parasitism to determine the number of wasp larvae in each host. As well as, in another experiment the superparasitized aphids were dissected in three consecutive days (3.5, 4.5 and 5.5) to determine the process of competitors’ elimination. According to results, in both strains, wasp densities affected on parasitism rates. In bisexual strain, females parasitized more aphids in 20 and 30 densities treatments than one density treatment, while this rate did not differ significantly between 1, 5, 10 and 15 densities treatments. In unisexual strain, single females significantly parasitized less hosts than other treatments, but there was no difference between other densities treatments. When in each density, percentage parasitism was compared between two strains, in density of one female, bisexual females parasitized significantly higher than unisexual ones, in contrast to density of 30, which significantly more larvae were counted in hosts of unisexual strain than bisexual ones. In other densities, there was no significant difference between two strains. In the second experiment, which the rate of superparasitism was compared in different densities, in bisexual strain, rate of superparasitism significantly was lower in density of one female than other treatments. The number of larvae did not differ significantly between other densities treatments. In unisexual strain, rate of superparasitism significantly was lower in density of one female than other treatments. The most rate of superparasitism was observed in 20 and 30 density treatments. When in each density, rate of superparasitism was compared between both strains, in 1, 5 and 10 densities, bisexual females superparasitized significantly higher than unisexual ones, in contrast to density of 30 females which significantly more larvae were counted in hosts of unisexual strain than the hosts of bisexual ones. In association with the process of competitors’ elimination, bisexual strain larvae eliminated rival larvae over time (in three consecutive days, including days 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5), as the numbers of larvae were decreased in densities of 5, 20 and 30 females. While in unisexual strain, elimination of rival larvae was not observed over time. Wasp densities affected on parasitism rates and rate of superparasitism in both strains. In mass rearing, the best density of wasps can be defined as the density that most available hosts are parasitized with a minimum of superparasitism, because superparasitism can depredate the time and eggs of female foragers. The results showed that densities of one and 5 females (for 40 individuals of 2nd instar nymphs) can be suggested as the proper densities of females in bisexual and unisexual strains, respectively. The results of this study can be useful in mass rearing and release of both L. fabarum strains.

Keywords: Mutual interference, competition, parasitoid, mass rearing, Braconidae

Full text

ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺛا رد ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ياﻚﺗ يﺎﻫداﮋﻧرﻮﺒﻧز ﻲﺴﻨﺟود و ﻲﺴﻨﺟ
Lysiphlebus fabarum ﺮﺑ ،
ﻼﻗﺎﺑ هﺎﻴﺳ ﻪﺘﺷ يور ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ
Aphis fabae
ﻲﻨﺴﺤﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﻟ
1
- آﺦﺳار شر
2*
- ﻲﻠﻴﭽﻛ نﺎﺣﺮﻓ
3
ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ: 05/11/1393
شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ: 11/11/1394
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔردﻳﺘﻴﻣ رد ﻢﺴﻴزارﺎﭘ نﺎﻳﺋﻮﺘﻴﺎﻫﺪي داﺮﻔﻧاي ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑﻳ ـﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ رﺎﮔزﺎﺳﺎﻧ رﺎﺘﻓر ﻚﻲ ﻟﺎـﺣرد ،ﺪـﺷﻲ زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﻪـﻛﻳﺘﻴ ـﻣ ﻢـﺴﻲ رد ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ
هﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻄﻳاﺮﺷي ﺪﺷﺎﺑ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ .ﻌﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑﻴﻴزارﺎﭘ رﻮﺒﻧز ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﺮﺛا ﻦﻳﺋﻮﺘﻴ ﺪ
Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hym.: Braconidae) ﻣ ﺮﺑ ـﻴ ناﺰ
زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳﻳﺘﻴ ،ﻢﺴ40 هرﻮﭘي ﺳ ﻪﺘﺷ مود ﻦﺳﻴ ﻼﻗﺎﺑ هﺎ
Aphis fabae Scopoli ،ﺘﺧا رد ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑﻴﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رﺎﺎﻫي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ)1 ،5 ،10 ،15 ،20 و30 ( داﮋـﻧ
ﺎﻫي ﻚﺗﺴﻨﺟﻲ ﺴﻨﺟود وﻲ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ رﻮﺒﻧز . زا ﺪﻌﺑ24 زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ فﺬﺣ ﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز ،ﺖﻋﺎﺳ5/2 ﻪﺘﺷ زورﺮﺸﺗ ﺎﻫﻳ ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ شرﺎﻤـﺷ ﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز ورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ و ﺢ .
ﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑﻲ ﺪﻧورﺎﻫورﻻ فﺬﺣي ﻗرﻴﺎﻣزآ ،ﺐﻳﻪﺘﺷ و راﺮﻜﺗ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺶﺎﻫزور رد ﺎﻫي 5/2 ،5/3 و5/4 ﺮﺸﺗﻳﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺢ .ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣﻳﻪﺑ ﺞ ﺮـﻫ رد ،هﺪـﻣآ ﺖـﺳد
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ رﻮﺒﻧز توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ،داﮋﻧ ودﻪﺘﺷ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ رد رادﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ .ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣي ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ رد ،ﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎـﻫ
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رد ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧيﺎﻫ ،ﻚﻳ5 و10 ﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ رد ﺪـﺷ شرﺎﻤـﺷ ﻲـﺴﻨﺟ ﻚـﺗ داﮋـﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ورﻻ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ يراد . رد ﻞـﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ30هدﺎﻣ ،ﻚﺗ يﺎﻫنﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﺪـﻧدﺮﻛ ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮـﺳ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ار دﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ . ـﻧ رد ،ﺐـﻴﻗر يﺎـﻫورﻻ فﺬـﺣ ﺪـﻧور صﻮـﺼﺧ رد داﮋ
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رد ﻲﺴﻨﺟود يﺎﻫ5 ،20 و30 ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺐﻴﻗر يﺎﻫورﻻ فﺬﺣ ،نﺎﻣز ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ .ﻚﺗ داﮋﻧ رد ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ زا ﻚﻳ ﭻﻴﻫ رد ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ توﺎـﻔﺗ ﺎـﻫ
ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ زور ﻪﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ رد يراد .ﻌﺗ ﺎﺑﻴﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ رﻮﺒﻧز ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻦﻴﻲﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ،نﺎﺑﺰ داﮋـﻧ ود هﻮـﺒﻧا شروﺮـﭘ رد ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗL.
fabaum ﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣﻴدﺮ .
هژاويﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ: ،هﻮﺒﻧا شروﺮﭘ ،ﺪﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ،ﺖﺑﺎﻗر ،ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻤﻫ ﻞﺧاﺪﺗ
Braconidae
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
١
٢
٣
رﻮــﺒﻧزﺪــﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall)
(Hym.: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)،
ـﻳزارﺎﭘ ﻚﻳﺋﻮﺘ ـﻴ داﺮـﻔﻧا ﺪي و
ﻮﻛﻳﺑﻮﻨﻴ ﺎـﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﺖﻧﻮﻳ ز داﺮـﻓا ﺮﻳ هداﻮﻧﺎـﺧﺮي
Aphidiinae
ﻪﺘﺷ ﻞﮕﻧا ًاﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣﻣ ﺎﻫﻲ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ)33(
. رﻮـﺒﻧزL. fabarum ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ
ﻢﻬﻣزارﺎﭘ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻳﺋﻮﺘﻴﺪ
ﻪﺘﺷ ـﺳ ﻪﺘـﺷ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﺎﻫﻴ ﻼﻗﺎـﺑ هﺎAphis fabae
Scopoli (Hem.: Aphididae)
ا لﺎﻤــﺷ ردــ ﻳ ﺎــﭘورا ﺰــﻛﺮﻣ و ناﺮ
ﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣﻲ دﻮﺷ)30 ( زا ﺶﻴﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ رد و70 ﻪﻧﻮﮔي ترﺎـﺴﺧ ﻪﺘﺷ از
ﻮﺼﺤﻣ يورزروﺎﺸﻛ تﻻي ﻏﺎﺑ وﻲ دراد ﺶﻘﻧ ،)47(رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،ي ﻣ ﻪﻛﻲ
ز ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ نآ زا ناﻮﺗﻳﺘﺴﻲ ا لﺮﺘﻨﻛ رد ـﻳ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺖـﻓآ ﻦ

1 ،2 و3- ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑﺶﻧاد ﻮﻣآﻪﺘﺧي ﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﻲنارﺎﻴﺸﻧاد و ﺪﺷرا هوﺮﮔ ﮔﻴهﺎﻜﺷﺰﭘﻲ،
هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد زروﺎﺸﻛي، هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻬﺷﻴﺪ ناﺮﻤﭼ زاﻮﻫا
)*- ﻮﻧﻳهﺪﻨﺴ لﻮﺌﺴﻣ:
Email: a.rasekh@scu.ac.ir(
دﺮﻛ)48 .( رﻮﺒﻧزL. fabarum ارادي داﮋﻧﺎﻫي ﺴﻨﺟودﻲ )ازﺮﻧ(
4
ﻚﺗ و-
ﺴﻨﺟﻲ )هدﺎﻣاز(
5
ﻣﻲﻟﻮﺗ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻴﻏ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺪﻴﺴﻨﺟﺮﻲ ا رد ـﻳ و زﺎـﺳ ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ
ﺘﻧژ رﺎﻛﻴﻜﻲ دراد)3 .( ـﺴﻨﺟ ود داﮋـﻧﻲ
L. fabarum شراﺰـﮔ رد ﺎـﻫي
دﺪﻌﺘﻣي ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ رﻮﺸﻛ رد)28( ﻚـﺗ داﮋـﻧ ﺎﻣا ، ـﺴﻨﺟﻲ ا ـﻳ ﻦ
ا رد رﻮﺒﻧزﻳ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ نﺎﺠﻧز نﺎﺘﺳا زا ﻂﻘﻓ نﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ ناﺮ)29 .(
نآ ﻦﻴﻐﻟﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ نﺎﻨﻤﺷد زا ﻲﻫوﺮﮔ ﺎﻫﺪﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ﺎـﻫ
ﻣ رد ﻦﻴﻐﻟﺎﺑﺎﻧ و ﻪﺘﺷاد دازآ ﻲﮔﺪﻧزﻲﻣ ﻮﻤﻧ و ﺪﺷر دﻮﺧ نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻳ ﺪـﻨﺑﺎ)40 .(
ﻚﻳ رد ،ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻚﻳ زا هدﺎﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﻳ ﻚﻳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﻳ ود ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣز
ﻲﻣ خر ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ،دﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺪﻫد)40 و44( هﺪـﻳﺪﭘ ،اي
ﺖﺳا لواﺪﺘﻣ ﺖﻌﻴﺒﻃ رد ﻪﻛ)10 .( ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗروﺮﺿ ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ
ﻲﻤﻧ هدﺎﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز ﻪﻛ ﺖﺴﻴﻧﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻢﻟﺎـﺳ و ﻪـﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎـﻫ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ قﺮﻓ)32(ﻲﻣ ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﻲﻄﻳاﺮﺷ رد ﻪﻛاﺮﭼ ، ﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻳ ﻚ
هﺪﻳﺪﭘي ﺪﺷﺎﺑ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ)38 و50 .(ﺮﺑ ﻲـﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺟﺎﺘﻧ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺪـﻨﻧاﻮﺗ

4- Arrhenotokous population (Bisexual)
5- Thelytokous population (Unisexual)
ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ)يزروﺎﺸﻛ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ(
ﺪﻠﺟ30، هرﺎﻤﺷ2 ،نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ 1395
،
ص
.260-251
Journal of Plant Protection
Vol. 30, No. 2, Summer 2016, P. 251-260

252 ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ )مﻮﻠﻋ و ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ يزروﺎﺸﻛ(، ﺪﻠﺟ30، هرﺎﻤﺷ 2، نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ 1395
،ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﻞـﻣﺎﻛ نﺎـﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻚﻳ رد ار دﻮﺧ ﺪﺷر ﺎﻫﺪـﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ﻪـﺑ ود هوﺮـﮔ
ﻲﻌﻤﺠﺗ
1
و يداﺮﻔﻧا
2
ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻲﻣﺪﻧﻮﺷ .رد درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ،ﻲـﻌﻤﺠﺗ
زا ﻚﻳ نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺪـﻨﭼ دﺮـﻓ ﻎﻟﺎـﺑ جرﺎـﺧ ﻲـﻣ دﻮـﺷ و ﻞـﺑﺎﻘﻣرد ،نآ رد
يﺎﻫﺪﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يداﺮﻔﻧا زا ﻚﻳ نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺎـﻬﻨﺗ ﻚـﻳ دﺮـﻓ ﻎﻟﺎـﺑ ردﺎـﻗ ﻪـﺑ
ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﺪﺷر دﻮﺧ ﻲﻣ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ )20(. ﻪﺘـﺷﺬﮔرد ﻢـﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ رد نﺎـﻴﻣ
يﺎﻫﺪﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يداﺮﻔﻧا ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻚﻳ رﺎﺘﻓر رﺎﮔزﺎﺳﺎﻧ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻣ
ﺪـﺷ و
رﻮﺼﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻦﻳا ترﻮﺻ دﻮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳا هﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ زا هﺎﺒﺘﺷا رد ﻢﺨﺗيراﺬﮔ ﺎﻳ
ﺖﺴﻜﺷ رد ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣيﺎﻫ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ زا ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ هدﻮـﺑ )32 (و ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ
فﻼﺗا ﻲﻠﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ نﺎﻣز و داﺪﻌﺗ ﻚﻤﺨﺗ رد هدﺎﻣيﺎﻫ ﺮﮕﺷوﺎﻛ ﻲـﻣ
دﻮﺷ )43 .(ﻲﻃ لﺎﺳيﺎﻫ1980 ﺎﺗ1990 تاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ زا
تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
يرﻮﺌﺗ و ﻲﻠﻤﻋ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﻲﻣﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻚـﻳ
ﻞــﻤﻋ رﺎﮔزﺎــﺳ )38، 40 و 49(، ﺖــﺤﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎــﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮــﺷ ﻲــﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ
ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﻪﺑ نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ )52(، داﺪﻌﺗ ﺐﻴﻗرﺎﻫ )45(، ﺮﻄﺧ گﺮﻣ و ﺮﻴﻣ )21(،
و ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ رﻮﺒﻧز
هدﺎﻣ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ رﺎﺑ ﻢﺨﺗ )24(، هﺮﻴﺧذ
يژﺮﻧا )23 (و ﺪﻴﻣا ﻪﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز )34 (ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .رد ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ،ﻲﻄﻳاﺮﺷ هﺮﺸﺣ هدﺎﻣ
ﻞﻳﺎﻣ ﺖﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻢﺨﺗيراﺬﮔ دﺪﺠﻣ رد نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣيﺎﻫ زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ،هﺪﺷ زا
ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻖﺋﺎﻓ نﺪﻣآ ﺮﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ )36(، لﺎﻤﺘﺣا هﺪـﻧز نﺪـﻧﺎﻣ
جﺎﺘﻧ دﻮﺧ ار
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺪﻫد )40(، هﺪﻳﺪﭘيا ﻪﻛ زا نآ ﻪـﺑ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪﻴـﺿﺮﻓ
ﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﻓﺪﻫ
3
مﺎﻧ هدﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا )2 .(هوﻼﻋﺮﺑ ﻦﻳا ﻦﺘﺷاﺬﮔ ﺶﻴﺑ زا ﻚـﻳ
ﻢـــﺨﺗ ﻂـــﺳﻮﺗ ﻚـــﻳ ﺪـــﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ هدﺎـــﻣ رد ﺮـــﻫ نﺎـــﺑﺰﻴﻣ )دﻮـــﺧ-
ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ
4
(، ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ زا ﺮﻈﻧ فﻼـﺗا ﻢـﺨﺗ و
نﺎﻣز ﻲﻣدﻮﺷ )20 و 49 (ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ رد يدراﻮﻣ شراﺰـﮔ هﺪـﺷ ﻪـﻛ
يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز ﺪﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻖﻳرﺰﺗ ﺮﻫز و ﺞـﻠﻓ ﻲﺘﻗﻮـﻣ ،نﺎـﺑﺰﻴﻣ زا لﺎـﻤﺘﺣا
دﻮﺧ-ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﻲﻣﺪﻨﻫﺎﻛ )9 (و ﻲﺘﺣ ﺪـﻧردﺎﻗ ﻦﻴـﺑ نﺎـﺑﺰﻴﻣ يﺎـﻫ
يﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻢﺨﺗيﺎﻫ نﺎﺷدﻮﺧ و
ﻢﺨﺗ داﺮﻓا ﻢﻫﻪﻧﻮﮔنﺎﺷ قﺮﻓ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ
)20 و 42 .(ﻪﺘﺒﻟا دﻮﺧ-ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ رد يدراﻮﻣ زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ زا
ﻢﺨﺗيراﺬﮔ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ هدﺎﻣيﺎﻫ ،ﺐﻴﻗر ﻲﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫﻪﻛ ﺎـﺒﻗر ردﺎـﻗ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻳﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ
داﺪﻌﺗ ﻢﺨﺗﺎﻫ رد نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ )46(، ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا لﺎﻤﺘﺣا هﺪﻧزﻲﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﻳ زا
جﺎﺘﻧ رد ﺖﺑﺎﻗر ﺎﺑ ورﻻ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ داﺮﻓا
ﻢﻫﻪﻧﻮﮔنﺎﺷ )45 و 54(، زوﺮﻴﭘ نﺪـﺷ
ﺮﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ )41(، و ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ندﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ﻲﻓﺎـﺿا
ﻲﺷﺎﻧ زا ندرﻮﺧ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ يﺎﻫورﻻ ﺐﻴﻗر رداﺮﺑ ﺎﻳ يﺮﻫاﻮﺧ
5
)14 (ﻲﻣ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪــﺑ ناﻮــﻨﻋ ﻚــﻳ هﺪــﻳﺪﭘي رﺎﮔزﺎــﺳ ﻞــﻤﻋ ﺪــﻳﺎﻤﻧ .رد ﻚــﻳ نﺎــﺑﺰﻴﻣ
،ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﺖﺑﺎﻗر ﻦﻴﺑ يﺎﻫورﻻ ﻚﻳ يﺎﻫﺪﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ،يداﺮﻔﻧا ﺮـﺠﻨﻣ
ﻪﺑ هﺪﻧز نﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺎـﻬﻨﺗ ﻚـﻳ دﺮـﻓ ﻲـﻣ دﻮـﺷ . عزﺎـﻨﺗ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻦـﻳا يﺎـﻫورﻻ
ﺪﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ﻲﻧورد
6
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ عزﺎﻨﺗ ،ﻲﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓ رد يﺎﻫورﻻ ﻦﻴﻨـﺳ لوا )32(،
بﻮﻛﺮﺳ ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﻴـﺳوي ﻲﮕﻨـﺳﺮﮔ نداد و ﺎـﻳ ﻪـﻔﺧ ندﺮـﻛ

1- Gregarious
2- Solitary
3 - Multiple target hypothesis
4- Self-superparasitism
5 - Individual siblings
6- Endoparasitoic
ﺐﻴﻗر )11 (و ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗي ﻲﺒﻳﺮﺨﺗ رد ﻦﻴﻨﺳ ﺮﺧآ يورﻻ )5 (ﻲﻣﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ردنﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﺎﺑ ،ﻪـﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ﺮـﺛا يﺎـﻫ
رﻮﺒﻧز داﮋﻧ ود رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
L. fabarum ، ﻢـﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ناﺰـﻴﻣ يور
ﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻼﻗﺎﺑ هﺎﻴﺳ ﻪﺘﺷ . ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫنﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﻪـﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ رد
،ﻲﻟاﻮﺘﻣ يﺎﻫزورﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ داﮋﻧ ود ﻦﻳا رد ﺐﻴﻗر يﺎﻫورﻻ فﺬﺣ ﺪﻧور .
ﻲـﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻚـﻴﻨﻜﺗ دﻮـﺒﻬﺑ رد ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ و هﻮـﺒﻧا ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ يﺎـﻫ
رد ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻦﻤﺷد ﻦﻳا يزﺎﺳﺎﻫر ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ،ﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ نﺎﺳر ﻚﻤﻛ.
شور و داﻮﻣﺎﻫ
ﻊﻤﺟيروآ شروﺮـﭘ و ﺪـﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ رﻮـﺒﻧز و ﻪﺘـﺷ Error!
Reference source not found.
ﺳ ﻪﺘﺷﻴ ﻼﻗﺎﺑ هﺎA.fabae
ﻪﺑناﻮﻨﻋ ﻣﻴ زارﺎﭘ رﻮـﺒﻧز نﺎﺑﺰﻳﺋﻮﺘ ـﻴ ﺪL.
fabarum
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ .ﻪﺘﺷ هﺎـﻣ ﻦـﻤﻬﺑ رد ﺎـﻫ 1391 رد
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧرادﺮﺑيﺎﻫي ﻼﻗﺎﺑ عراﺰﻣ زا ،رﺮﻜﻣي ﻊﻤﺟ زاﻮﻫاروآي ور و ﺪﻧﺪﺷي
ﺮﺘﺷﻮﺷ ﻢﻗري ﮔﻴﻼﻗﺎﺑ هﺎ
)Vicia fabae L.(، ناﺪﻠﮔ رد هﺪﺷ ﺖﺸﻛﺎﻫي
وﺎﺣي شروﺮﭘ هرا كﺎﺧﻳﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎ. ياﺮﺑ هدروآﺮﺑ ندﺮﻛ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ هﺎـﻴﮔ
زا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ دﻮﻛ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ
7
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ .ﻲﻫددﻮﻛ ﻚﻳرﺎﺑ رد ﻪﺘﻔﻫ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﺷ .
شروﺮﭘ تاﺮﺸﺣ رد ﻚﻗﺎﺗا ﺪﺷر ﺎﺑ ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷ ﻲﻳﺎـﻣد
ºC1±22، ﺖـﺑﻮﻃر
ﻲﺒﺴﻧ 5
±65 %و هرود يرﻮﻧ 16 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷور ﻪﺑ 8 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻲﻜﻳرﺎـﺗ
ترﻮﺻ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ.
ﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﻣ زا رﻮﺒﻧز ـﻴﺎﻲﻳ ﺎـﻫي ـﺳ ﻪﺘـﺷﻴ عراﺰـﻣ زا ﻼﻗﺎـﺑ هﺎ
ﻼﻗﺎﺑي زاﻮﻫا)
48°40´E و31° 20´N(
و ﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ داﮋﻧﻲ عراﺰـﻣ زا
ﻼﻗﺎﺑي نﺎﺠﻧز)
47° 47´ E و37° 8´ N(ﻊﻤﺟ ،روآي ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺮﻫﻳ ﻚ
داﮋﻧ زاقﺎﺗا رد اﺰﺠﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺎﻫي اﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺷرﻳﺤﻣ ﻂﻴﻄﻲ شروﺮﭘ ﻻﺎﺑ
ﻳﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎ .اﺮﺑي ﺲﻔﻗ زا ،ﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز شروﺮﭘﺎﻫﻲﻳ ﺑﻮـﭼ بﻮﭼرﺎﭼ ﺎﺑﻲ ) ،لﻮـﻃ
عﺎﻔﺗرا و ضﺮﻋ :ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑﻴ ،ﺐ100 ،70 و90 ﺘﻧﺎﺳﻲﺮﺘﻣ ( ﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا . رد
اﻳﺲﻔﻗ ﻦﮔ زا ،ﺎﻫﻴ نﺎﻫﺎﻼﻗﺎﺑي ﺳ ﻪﺘﺷ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآﻴﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻼﻗﺎﺑ هﺎ.
ﻦﺴﻤﻫ داﮋﻧ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ تاﺮﺸﺣ
اﺮﺑي ﻜﺸﺗﻴﻦﺴﻤﻫ داﮋﻧ ﻞ
8
ﺳ ﻪﺘﺷﻴ ،ﻼﻗﺎﺑ هﺎدوﺪﺣ 100 ﻪﺘـﺷ دﺪـﻋ
ﻨﻠﻛ زا ازﺮﻜﺑ ﻎﻟﺎﺑﻲ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا فﺮﻇ رد و ﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ ﻪﺘﺷاي ﻮﻬﺗﻳﻪ راد) ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ
8 عﺎﻔﺗرا و15 ﺘﻧﺎﺳﻲﺮﺘﻣ (وري ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻚﻳي ﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﻪﻛ ﻼﻗﺎﺑ ناﻮﺟي نآ
ردﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ ،ﺖﺷاد راﺮﻗ ،ﻞﻣﺎﻛ دﻮﻛ راﺰﻫ رد ﻪﺳ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ .ا ﻪﺑﻳﻪﺘﺷ ﻦ
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ12 هزﺎﺟا ﺖﻋﺎﺳي هرﻮﭘازﻲﻳ ا زا ﺲﭘ و ﺪﺷ هداد ـﻳ تﺪـﻣ ﻦ
ﻪﺘﺷﺎﻫي ﺪﻧﺪﺷ فﺬﺣ ازﺮﻜﺑ . ﺮﻣﺎـﻋ تﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑي نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و
)1(هرﻮﭘ ،ﺎﻫي ﻨـﺳﻴ زا ﺪـﻌﺑ مود ﻦ25/2 زور)6±54 ﺖﻋﺎـﺳ (
ﻜـﺸﺗﻴ ﻞ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .ا ﺮﺑﻳ ،سﺎﺳا ﻦاﺮﺑي ﻬﺗﻴﻪي اﻳﮔرﻮﭘ ﻦﺳ ﻦﻲﻪﺘﺷ ﻪﺑ ، تﺪﻣ رد ﺎﻫ

7- Hortigrow®
8- Synchronous cohort

رد ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ يا ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺛارﻮﺒﻧز ﻲﺴﻨﺟود و ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ يﺎﻫداﮋﻧ... 253
ﺪﺷ هداد ﻮﻤﻧ و ﺪﺷر ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ،هﺪﺷ هرﺎﺷا نﺎﻣز.
ﺳ ﻪﺘﺷ مود ﻦﺳ هرﻮﭘﻴﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ،ﻼﻗﺎﺑ هﺎﺮﺗﻳاﺮﺑ ﻦﺳ ﻦي ﺮـﻫ شروﺮﭘ
ﻚﺗ داﮋﻧ ودﺴﻨﺟﻲ )1 (ﺴﻨﺟود وﻲ )25 (زارﺎﭘ رﻮﺒﻧزﻳﺋﻮﺘﻴ ﺪ
L. fabarum
گرﺰﺑ و هدﻮﺑﺮﺗﻳا رد ﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز ﻦﻳﺪﺷر ﻦﺳ ﻦي ﻣﻴﻣ شروﺮﭘ نﺎﺑﺰﻲﻳ ﺪـﻨﺑﺎ
)1 .(ﻟﻮﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑﻴﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز ﺪي ﻢﻫﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ زا ﻦﺳﻲ ﻪـﺑ ،200 دﺪـﻋ
ﺮﺑ ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﺘﺷ مود ﻦﺳ هرﻮﭘﻳ ،ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻚ30 ﺮﻧ رﻮﺒﻧز ﺶﺷ و هدﺎﻣ رﻮﺒﻧز
اﺮﺑ وي
ﻟﻮﺗﻴﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز ﺪي ﻢﻫﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ داﮋﻧ ﻦﺳﻲا ﻪﺑ ،ﻳ هرﻮـﭘ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦ30
هدﺎﻣ رﻮﺒﻧز)ﮕﻤﻫﻲ هزور ود ﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز (زﺎﺳ دراوي ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .ﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧزي ود ﺮﻫ
زﺎـﺳدراو زا ﻞـﺒﻗ و ﺪـﻧدﻮﺑ ﻪﺘـﺷ مود ﻦﺳ ترﻮﻬﻛ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ داﮋﻧي ﻪـﺑ
فوﺮﻇ)،عﺎﻔﺗرا و ﺮﻄﻗ
8 و15 ﺘﻧﺎﺳﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ (وﺎﺣي ﻪﺘﺷ عوﺮﺷ نﺎﻣز ﺎﺗ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻣزآﻳﺮﺘﭘ رد ﺶي ﻮﻬﺗﻳﻪ راد) ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ9 عﺎﻔﺗرا و1 ﺘﻧﺎﺳﻲﺮﺘﻣ ( هاﺮـﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﻞﺴﻋ بآ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و بآ)ﻪﺒﻨﭘ راﻮﻧ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ بآاي لﻮـﻠﺤﻣ و بﻮﻃﺮﻣ
و بآور تاﺮﻄﻗ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺴﻋي
ﻣﻮﻣ ﺬﻏﺎﻛﻲ (راﺪﻬﮕﻧي ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ .
اﻳ زا ﺲﭘ ﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز ﻦ12 ﻪﺘـﺷ و فﺬـﺣ ﺖﻋﺎـﺳ ﺎـﻫي زارﺎﭘﻳ ﺎـﺗ هﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘ
ﻜﺸﺗﻴﻣﻮﻣ ﻞﻴﺎﻲﻳ وري ﻪﺧﺎﺷﺎﻫي راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻼﻗﺎﺑ ناﻮﺟي ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ . زا ﺲـﭘ
هدﺎﻣ ،ﻞﻣﺎﻛ تاﺮﺸﺣ رﻮﻬﻇﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﻳﺶﺎﻫي ﺘﺑﺎﻗرﻲ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ دراو.
زارﺎﭘ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﺮــﺑ ،رﻮــﺒﻧز ﻢﻛاﺮــﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎــﺗ ناﺰــﻴﻣ و ﻢــﺴﻴﺘﻳ
ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ
ور ،ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻦﻳا مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑي ﺮﻫﻳﻪﺧﺎﺷ زا ﻚﺎﻫي ،ﻼﻗﺎـﺑ ناﻮـﺟ
داﺪﻌﺗ40 ﺪـﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ مود ﻦﺳ هرﻮﭘ . ﻪﺧﺎـﺷ ﺎـﻫي رﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑ ،رﻮﻛﺬـﻣ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺘـﺳا فوﺮـﻇ نورد ﻪـﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟاي ﻞﻜـﺷ) ،عﺎـﻔﺗرا و ﺮـﻄﻗ
8 و15
ﺘﻧﺎﺳﻲﺮﺘﻣ (ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ . ﺎـﻫرﻮﺒﻧزي ﻦـﺴﻤﻫ) ـﻳهزور ﻚ ( زا داﮋـﻧ ﺎـﻫي
ﻚﺗﺴﻨﺟﻲ ﺴﻨﺟود وﻲ،
ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺎـﻫي )1 ،5 ،10 ،15 ،
20 و30(وﺎﺣ فوﺮﻇ ﻪﺑ ،ي ﻪﺧﺎﺷﺎﻫي ﺪﻧﺪﺷ دراو رﻮﻛﺬﻣ)10
= n .( ﺪﻌﺑ
زا24 و فﺬﺣ ﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز ،ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﺎـﻫي وﺎـﺣي ﻪﺘـﺷ ﺎـﻫي زارﺎﭘﻳ ،ﻪـﺘ
راﺪﻬﮕﻧي ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .اﻳﻪﺘﺷ ﻦ ﺎﻫ5/2 ﻓﺮﻌﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ زورﻲ ﺮﺸﺗ ،رﻮﺒﻧزﻳ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺢ
وﻌﺗ ﺎﺑﻴﻴﻪﺘﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﺎﻫي زارﺎﭘﻳﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻪﺘي ﺮﻫ نوردﻳ ﺎﻬﻧآ زا ﻚ
ﻧﻴﺪﺷ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﺰ .ا ﻪﺑﻳزارﺎﭘ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﻳ
ﺘﻴ ـﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻢـﺴﻴﻣ ﻦ ـﻴ ناﺰ
زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳﻳﺘﻴﻌﺗ ﻢﺴﻴﻴﺪﺷ ﻦ .
نﺎــﺑﺰﻴﻣ رد ﺐــﻴﻗر يﺎــﻫورﻻ فﺬــﺣ ﺪــﻧور ﻲــﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎــﻫ
ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ
ا ردﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻦﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺶﻳ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﺶ40 ﻪﺘـﺷ مود ﻦـﺳ هرﻮـﭘ ﻪـﺑ
تﺪﻣ24 ﺘﺧا رد ﺖﻋﺎﺳﻴﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رﺎﺎﻫي ﺎـﻫرﻮﺒﻧز زا هﺪـﺷ ﺮﻛذي داﮋـﻧ ود
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ . زا ﺪﻌﺑ24 ﭙـﺳا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز ﺖﻋﺎﺳﻴ و فﺬـﺣ رﻮﺗاﺮ
ﻪﺘﺷراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺎﻫي ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .ﺗ ﺮﻫ ردﻴ
ﻪﺘﺷ ،رﺎﻤ ﻓدﺎـﺼﺗ رﻮـﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﻲ ﻪـﺳ ﻪـﺑ
وﺎﺴﻣ هوﺮﮔي ﺴﻘﺗﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ و ﻢﻴ ﺎـﻫزور رد ﺐي 5/2 ،5/3 و5/4 ﺮـﺸﺗﻳ ﺢ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .ا ﻪﺑﻳ ﺎـﻫورﻻ داﺪـﻌﺗ شرﺎﻤـﺷ ﺎـﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﻦي نﺪـﺑ رد دﻮـﺟﻮﻣ
ﻳﺎﻜﻳﻪﺘﺷ ﻚﺎﻫورﻻ فﺬﺣ ﺪﻧور ،ﺎﻫي ﻗرﻴﻃ رد ﺐﻲ ﺎـﻫرﻮﺒﻧز رد نﺎﻣزي
ﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ داﮋﻧ ودﻲ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .ﺎﻫزوري ﺮﺸﺗﻳﻪﺘﺷ ﺢ ﺗرﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻫﻲ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧاي ﺪﺷري ﺮﭙـﺳ ار دﻮـﺧ ﻢﺨﺗي هدﺮـﻛ
ﻨﭼ ﻢﻫ و ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﻴﻔﺷ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﮔﺮﻲ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ هﺪﺸﻧ دراو .
يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ
ﺎﻣزآ ردﻳﻐﺘﻣ ود دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ،لوا ﺶﻴﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮ
1
و رﻮـﺒﻧز داﮋﻧ عﻮﻧ
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗﺎﻫي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ،رﻮﺒﻧزﻌﺗ ﺖﻬﺟﻴﻴرﺎﻣآ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻦي ـﺑﻴﺗ ﻦﻴ ﺎـﻫرﺎﻤ زا
رﺎﻣآ نﻮﻣزآي ﻠﺤﺗﻴ ﻞراوﻳﻪﻓﺮﻃ ود ﺲﻧﺎ
2
اﺮﺑ وي ﻌﺗ ﻴـﻴ ـﺑ فﻼﺘـﺧا ﻦﻴ ﻦ
هوﺮﮔﻤﻜﺗ نﻮﻣزآ زا ﺎﻫﻴﻠﻲ ﻧوﺮﻔﻧﻮﺑﻲ
3
) ﺢﻄﺳ رد05/0 ( ﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا . رد
ﺎﻣزآﻳﻐﺘﻣ ﻚﻳ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ،مود ﺶﻴ ﺮ) ﺎـﻫزوري ﺮـﺸﺗ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣﻳﺢ( زا ،
رﺎﻣآ نﻮﻣزآي ﺰﺠﺗﻳﻪ راوﻳﻪﻓﺮﻃ ﻚﻳ ﺲﻧﺎ
4
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا. ا ردﻳ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ
اﺮﺑي هداد ﺎـﻫي ﻪﺘـﺷ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﺎـﻫي زارﺎﭘﻳ ﻣ و ﻪـﺘ ـﻴزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ناﺰﻳﺘﻴ ﻢـﺴ
)ﻣﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴ ﻪﺘـﺷ ﺮـﻫ نﺪﺑ رد ورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦ ( لﺪـﻣ زا ﺎـﻫي ـﻄﺧﻲ ـﻤﻌﺗﻴﻢ
5
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .ا ردﻳ اﺮـﺑ لﺪﻣ ﻦي هداد ﺎـﻫي ﺘﺒـﺴﻧﻲ ) ﻪﺘـﺷ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﺎـﻫي
زارﺎﭘﻳﻪﺘ (زﻮﺗ زاﻳﻪﻠﻤﺟ ود ﻊاي ﺎﻄﺧ
6
ژﻮﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺎﺑ ـﻳﺖ
7
اﺮـﺑ وي هداد ﺎـﻫي
زﻮﺗ زا ﻪﺘﺷ ﺮﻫ نﺪﺑ رد ورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗﻳ ﻓدﺎـﺼﺗ ﻊﻲ
8
ـﻄﺧ ﻊﺑﺎـﺗ ﺎـﺑﻲ گﻮـﻟ
9
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا)8 .( رﺎـﻣآ تﺎﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣي راﺰـﻓا مﺮـﻧ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ
10SPSS)35 (
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ.
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
1- ﻪﺘﺷ ﺖﺒﺴﻧﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ
1-1- ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ود ﻦﻴﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا) ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ و داﮋﻧ عﻮﻧ
رﻮﺒﻧز(
ﺰﺠﺗ لوﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑﻳراو ﻪﻳ ﻞـﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا و رﻮﺒﻧز ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﺮﺛا ،ﺲﻧﺎ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ و داﮋﻧ عﻮﻧﻲﻨﻌﻣ داﮋﻧ عﻮﻧ ﺮﺛا ﺎﻣا ،دﻮﺑ رادﻲ دﻮﺒﻧ راد)لوﺪﺟ 1.(
1-2- ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣي ﻪﺘﺷ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ
1-2-1- ﻲﻠﺻا ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ :ﻢﻛاﺮﺗرﻮﺒﻧز ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﺷ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻦﻴﺑ ،رﻮﺒﻧز ﻲﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ ردﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رد ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘـﺧا ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺖـﺷاد دﻮـﺟو يراد)001/0
P = ،5 df =،
42/21 G =) ( ﻞﻜﺷ1 .(ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ،رﻮﺒﻧز ﻚﻳ ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رد يﺎـﻫ
20 و30 هدﺎﻣ ﻲﺴﻨﺟود يﺎﻫﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ار ﻪﺘـﺷ يﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يراد

1- Independent variable
2- Two-way ANOVA
3- Post Hoc-Bonferroni
4- One-way ANOVA
5- Generalized linear models (GLM)
6- Binomial error distribution
7- Logit link function
8- Poisson distribution
9- loglinear
10- IBM® SPSS® Statistics (Version 20)

254 ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ )مﻮﻠﻋ و ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ يزروﺎﺸﻛ(، ﺪﻠﺟ30، هرﺎﻤﺷ 2، نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ 1395
ﻲﻟﺎﺣ رد ،ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ رد ﻪﻛ يﺎـﻫ1 ،5 ،
10 و15 ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو يراد) ﻞﻜﺷ1 .(
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ،ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ داﮋﻧ رد توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺘـﺷ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ رد راد ﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎـﻫ)001/0
P < ،5 df = ،
3/159 G =) ( ﻞﻜﺷ1 .( ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ،رﻮﺒﻧز ﻚﻳ ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رد سﺎﺳا ﻦﻳا ﺮﺑ
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ،ﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ﻪﺘـﺷ يﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يراد
ﻪﺘﺷ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻦﻳا ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ،ﺎﻫ ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو يراد) ﻞﻜﺷ1 .(
1-2-2- ﺻا ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻲﻠ :رﻮﺒﻧز داﮋﻧ عﻮﻧ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣي نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ رد ،رﻮـﺒﻧز داﮋـﻧ ود رد ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ رد ﻪـﻛ داد نﺎـﺸﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ـﻳ ﻚ)001/0
P < ،1 df =،
06/45 G = (هدﺎﻣ ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ رﻮـﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘـﺷ يراد يﺎـﻫ
هدﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ار يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ يﺎﻫ . ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رد ﺎﻣا
30 هدﺎﻣ ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ رﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘـﺷ يراد ار يﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ يﺎـﻫ
هدﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪـﻧدﺮﻛ ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ داﮋﻧ يﺎﻫ)024/0
P < ،1 df =،
09/5 G = .(ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ رد ﺎﻫ) ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ5 :066/0 P = ،1 df =، 39/3
G = ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ؛10 :35/0 P = ،1 df =، 88/0 G = ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ؛15 :59/0
P = ،1 df =، 29/0 G= ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ و20 :87/0 P= ،1 df =، 03/0
G= (ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧارادي هﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ رﻮـﺒﻧز داﮋﻧ ود ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ناﺰﻴﻣ رد
ﺪﺸﻧ) ﻞﻜﺷ1.(
2- ﻪﺘﺷ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ
2-1- ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ود ﻦﻴﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا) ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ و داﮋﻧ عﻮﻧ
رﻮﺒﻧز(
ﺰﺠﺗ لوﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑﻳراو ﻪﻳ ﺮـﺛا ،ﺲﻧﺎ و رﻮـﺒﻧز ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ،داﮋـﻧ عﻮـﻧ
ﻨﭽﻤﻫﻴﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﻦﻴﻨﻌﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻦﻲ دﻮﺑ راد)لوﺪﺟ 2.(
2-2- ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣي ﻪﺘﺷ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ
2-2-1- ﻲﻠﺻا ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ :ﻢﻛاﺮﺗرﻮﺒﻧز ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ رد ،رﻮـﺒﻧز ﻲـﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ رد رد ﺪـﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎـﻫ
رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ صﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﺘﺷ ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘـﺧا ﻪـﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎـﻫ
ﺖﺷاد دﻮﺟو يراد)001/0
P < ،5 df =، 24/38 G =) ( ﻞﻜﺷ2 .( رد
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ،رﻮﺒﻧز ﻚﻳﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ داﺪـﻌﺗ يراد
ﺪـﺷ شرﺎﻤـﺷ نﺎـﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺘﺷ نﺪﺑ رد ورﻻ يﺮﺘﻤﻛ . ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ رد ،ﺎـﻫ
ﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ عﻮﻗو ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ رﻮﺒﻧز ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎ) ورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ
نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺘﺷ نﺪﺑ رد ( ﺪﺸﻧ) ﻞﻜﺷ2 .(
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ،ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ داﮋﻧ رد توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﻪﺘﺷ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ رد راد ﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎـﻫ)001/0
P< ،5 df =، 5/78 G =) ( ﻞﻜﺷ2 .( ﻚـﻳ ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ رد سﺎـﺳا ﻦﻳا ﺮﺑ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ،رﻮﺒﻧزﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ يﺮـﺘﻤﻛ ناﺰـﻴﻣ يراد
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ نآ زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﺖﺳﻮﻴﭘ عﻮﻗو ﻪﺑ ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ يﺎـﻫ5 و10 راﺮـﻗ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻪﺘـﺷ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ رد يراد يﺎـﻫ
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﻦﻳا نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ رﻮﺒﻧز يﺎﻫ .ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رد ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ يﺎـﻫ20
و30 ﺳ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،رﻮﺒﻧزﺪﺷ هﺪﻳد ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮ . ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز
15 ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘـﺧا ﻂـﺳاوﺪﺣ هوﺮﮔ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮـﻴﺧا هوﺮـﮔ ود ﺎـﺑ يراد
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاﺪﻧ) ﻞﻜﺷ2 .(
لوﺪﺟ 1- ﺰﺠﺗﻳراو ﻪﻳﺲﻧﺎ ﻪﻓﺮﻃ ودي ﺛﺎﺗﻴ داﮋﻧ عﻮﻧ ﺮ)ﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗﻲ ﺴﻨﺟود وﻲ (و ﻢﻛاﺮﺗﺎﻫي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ)1 ،5 ،10 ،15 ،20 و 30( زارﺎﭘ رﻮﺒﻧزﻳﺋﻮﺘﻴ ﺪ
Lysiphlebus fabarum، زارﺎﭘ خﺮﻧ ردﻳﺘﻴهرﻮﭘ ﻢﺴﺎﻫي ﺳ ﻪﺘﺷ مود ﻦﺳﻴﻼﻗﺎﺑ هﺎAphis fabae
Table 1- Two-way ANOVA of effects of strains (unisexual and bisexual) and densities (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30) of Lysiphlebus
fabarum on parasitism rate of Aphis fabae (2nd instar)
تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ
(Source of variation)
ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
(Parasitism rate)
d.f. G P
داﮋﻧ
(Strain)
1
0.07
0.791
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ
(Density)
5
134.21
< 0.001
ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا
(Interaction)
5
30.72
< 0.001
ﺎﻄﺧ يدازآ ﻪﺟرد
(d.f. error)
143

رد ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ يا ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺛارﻮﺒﻧز ﻲﺴﻨﺟود و ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ يﺎﻫداﮋﻧ... 255
ﻞﻜﺷ1 - ،ﻼﻗﺎﺑ هﺎﻴﺳ ﻪﺘﺷ مود ﻦﺳ هرﻮﭘ ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ خﺮﻧ
Aphis fabae ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ)1 ،5 ،10 ،15 ،20 و30 (داﮋﻧ و ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ رﻮﺒﻧز ﻲﺴﻨﺟود
Lysiphlebus fabarum
A/B : ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ و ﻲﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ ود نﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ردﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ؛ a/b: ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣي ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ نﺎﻴﻣﺎﻫي ﺮﻫ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﻳداﮋﻧ زا ﻚﺎﻫ .ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ فوﺮﺣ ﻚﻳ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ندﻮﺑ اراد نﺎﺸﻧ
هﺪﻨﻫدي ﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا مﺪﻋﻲراد )05/0
Bonferroni, P< (ﻣﻲﺪﺷﺎﺑ
Figure 1- Parasitism rate (Mean ± SEM) of second instar of Aphis fabae by different densities of unisexual and bisexual
strains (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30) of Lysiphlebus fabarum
Values bearing the same upper case letters were not significantly different (Bonferroni,  = 0.05) between strains within a density,
values bearing the same lower case letters were not significantly different between densities within a strain
2-2-2- ﻲﻠﺻا ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ :رﻮﺒﻧز داﮋﻧ عﻮﻧ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣي ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ رد ،رﻮـﺒﻧز داﮋـﻧ ود رد رﻮﺒﻧز يﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ يﺎـﻫ
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رد ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻚﻳ)001/0
P < ،1 df =، 4/21 G =
( ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ،5 )003/0 P= ،1 df=، 01/9 G= ( ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ و10 )027/0
P= ،1 df= ،88/4 G=(نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ رد ، ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ يﺎﻫ
نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ورﻻ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ يرادهدﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻲـﺴﻨﺟ ﻚـﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ شرﺎﻤﺷ . ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رد15 )72/0
P = ،1 df = ،13/0 G= ( ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ و
20 )5/0
P= ،1 df=، 46/0 G= (ﻲـــﻨﻌﻣ توﺎـــﻔﺗ عﻮـــﻗو رد يراد
نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ رد ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﺖـﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮـﺟو داﮋـﻧ ود يﺎـﻫ . رد ﻞـﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ30 هدﺎﻣنﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ يﺎﻫ داﺪـﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ار دﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳا زا و ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ هدﺎـﻣ ﺎـﺑ يراد
اﮋﻧ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻲﺴﻨﺟود د)012/0
P < ،1 df =، 29/6 G=) ( ﻞﻜـﺷ
2.(
لوﺪﺟ 2- ﺰﺠﺗﻳراو ﻪﻳﺲﻧﺎ ﻪﻓﺮﻃ ودي ﺛﺎﺗﻴ داﮋﻧ عﻮﻧ ﺮ)ﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗﻲ ﺴﻨﺟود وﻲ (و ﻢﻛاﺮﺗﺎﻫي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ)1 ،5 ،10 ،15 ،20 و 30 (زارﺎﭘ رﻮﺒﻧزﻳﺋﻮﺘﻴ ﺪ
Lysiphlebus fabarum ،وري ﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗي هرﻮﭘ رد رﻮﺒﻧزﺎﻫي مود ﻦﺳAphis fabae
Table 2- Two-way ANOVA of effects of strains (unisexual and bisexual) and densities (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30) of Lysiphlebus
fabarum on number of wasp larvae in body host, 2nd instar of Aphis fabae
تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ
(Source of variation)
رﻮﺒﻧز يﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ
(Number of wasp larvae)
d.f. G P
داﮋﻧ
(Strain)
1
9.969
0.002
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ
(Density)
5
163.47
< 0.001
ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا
(Interaction)
5
43.83
< 0.001
ﺎﻄﺧ يدازآ ﻪﺟرد
(d.f. error)
143

256 ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ )مﻮﻠﻋ و ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ يزروﺎﺸﻛ(، ﺪﻠﺟ30، هرﺎﻤﺷ 2، نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ 1395
ﻞﻜﺷ2 - يﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ) ،ﻼﻗﺎﺑ هﺎﻴﺳ ﻪﺘﺷ مود ﻦﺳ هرﻮﭘ
Aphis fabae(، ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗداﮋﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺴﻨﺟود يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ رﻮﺒﻧز ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ ﺎﻳ
Lysiphlebus fabarum .A/B : ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ و ﻲﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ ود نﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ردﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ؛ a/b :ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣي
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ نﺎﻴﻣﺎﻫي ﺮﻫ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﻳداﮋﻧ زا ﻚﺎﻫ .ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ فوﺮﺣ ﻚﻳ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ندﻮﺑ اراد هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧي ﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا مﺪﻋﻲراد )05/0
Bonferroni, P< (ﻣﻲ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
Figure 2- The number of wasp larvae (Mean ± SEM) in host body (2nd instar of Aphis fabae) by different densities of
unisexual and bisexual strains of Lysiphlebus fabarum. Values bearing the same upper case letters were not significantly
different (Bonferroni,  = 0.05) between strains within a density, values bearing the same lower case letters were not
significantly different between densities within a strain
3- ﻪﺘﺷ رد ﺐﻴﻗر يﺎﻫورﻻ فﺬﺣ ﺪﻧور ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ
3-1- ﻲﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ
ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ رد ،هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳدﻢﻛاﺮﺗ 5 )001/0 P = ،2 df =،
2/14 G =( ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ،20 )038/0 P = ،2 df =، 52/6 G = ( ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ و
30 )001/0
P = ،2 df =، 02/13 G = ( داﺪﻌﺗ ،نﺎﻣز ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ
ﻪﺘﺷ نﺪﺑ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ورﻻ ﺖـﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ نﺎـﺑﺰﻴﻣ يﺎﻫ . ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ رد5 رد ،
يﺎﻫزور5/3 )001/0
P= ( و5/4 )01/0 P=( رﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ ،
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ زور زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ يراد5/2 دﻮـﺑ . ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ رد20 زور رد ﺎـﻫورﻻ داﺪـﻌﺗ ،
5/2 ﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ زور زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ يراد5/4 دﻮﺑ)001/0
P= (ﻲﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻪﻛ
زور5/3 دﻮــﺑ ﻂـﺳاوﺪﺣ هوﺮــﮔ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ . ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ رد30 ﺮــﺧآ زور رد ،
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ لوا زور زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ يراد)001/0
P= (
مود و)02/0
P= ( دﻮﺑ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ) لوﺪﺟ3 .(
ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ رد ـﻳ ﻚ)561/0
P = ،2 df =، 15/1 G =( ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ،10
)085/0
P = ،2 df =، 94/4 G = ( ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ و15 )5/0 P = ،2 df =،
46/0 G =(ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ نﺎﻣز ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ، يﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ رد راد
ﺪﺸﻧ ﺐﻴﻗر) لوﺪﺟ3 .(
3-2- ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ داﮋﻧ
ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ زا ﻚﻳ ﭻﻴﻫ رد ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ داﮋﻧ رد ﻚـﻳ ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﺎـﻫ
)99/0
P = ،2 df =، 01/0 G =( ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ،5 )551/0 P = ،2 df =،
73/0 G =( ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ،10 )661/0 P = ،2 df =، 83/0 G =( ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ،
15 )134/0
P = ،2 df =، 02/4 G =( ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ،20 )15/1 P = ،2 df =
، 563/0 G = ( ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ و30 )436/0 P = ،2 df =، 66/1 G = (
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ زور ﻪﺳ رد ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ناﺰﻴﻣ رد يراد
ﺪﺸﻧ .
ﺚﺤﺑ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣﻳزارﺎﭘ رﻮﺒﻧز داﮋﻧ ود ﺮﻫ يور هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺋﻮﺘﻴ ﺪL.
fabarumﻪﺘﺷ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ رﻮﺒﻧز ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ، ،هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا . ﻣﺎـﮕﻨﻫ ﻪـﻛ اﺮﭼ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻦﻫذ زا رود ناﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺠﻳﺎﺘﻧﻲ
زارﺎﭘ رﻮﺒﻧز ﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﻛﻳﺋﻮﺘﻴ رد نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳ ﻣ ﻪـﻜﻟ ﻚﻴ رﻮـﻀﺣ نﺎـﺑﺰ
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻧرادﻳهدﺎﻣ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻣ ،ﺎﻫﻴزارﺎﭘ ناﺰﻳﺘﻴاﺰﻓا ﻢﺴﻳ
ﺶﻳ ـﺘﺣ و ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻲ
زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ عﻮﻗو ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣﻳﺘﻴﻣ ﻢﺴﻲ دﻮﺷ)46 .(

رد ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ يا ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺛارﻮﺒﻧز ﻲﺴﻨﺟود و ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ يﺎﻫداﮋﻧ... 257
لوﺪﺟ3- ﺎﻫورﻻ فﺬﺣ ﺪﻧوري ﻗرﻴﻣ رد ﺐﻴنﺎﺑﺰﺎﻫي )ﺳ ﻪﺘﺷ مود ﻦﺳ هرﻮﭘﻴ ،ﻼﻗﺎﺑ هﺎAphis fabae (زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳﻳ ،ﻪﺘﻟاﻮﺘﻣ زور ﻪﺳ ردﻲﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رد ،ﺎﻫي
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣداﮋﻧ ﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗﻲ ﺴﻨﺟود وﻲ زارﺎﭘ رﻮﺒﻧزﻳﺋﻮﺘﻴﺪ
Lysiphlebus fabarum
Table 3- The elimination procedure for rival larvae in superparasitized hosts (2nd instar of Aphis fabae), in three consecutive
days by different densities of unisexual and bisexual strains of Lysiphlebus fabarum
ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣز ﻞﺻاﻮﻓ
(Interval dissection)
ﺪﻴﺋﻮﺘﻳزارﺎﭘ رﻮﺒﻧز ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ
(Wasp density)
1 5 10 15 20 30
ﻲﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ
(Bisexual strain)
2.5 days 0.8 ± 0.13 a 2.25 ± 0.25 a 3.17 ± 0.78 a 2.17 ± 0.39 a 5.25 ± 0.78 a 3.23 ± 0.72 a
3.5 days 0.6 ± 0.1 a 1.25 ± 0.25 b 1.25 ± 0.25 a 0.66 ± 0.19 a 2.75 ± 0.68 ab 2.83 ± 0.77 a
4.5 days 0.64 ± 0.17 a 1.09 ± 0.16 b 1.09 ± 0.16 a 1.87 ± 0.36 a 1.6 ± 0.45 b 1.75 ± 0.55 b
ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ داﮋﻧ
(Unisexual strain)
2.5 days 0.56 ± 0.06 a 1.17 ± 0.24 a 1.42 ± 0.36 a 1.92 ± 0.57 a 3.75 ± 0.44 a 6.08 ± 0.79 a
3.5 days 0.56 ± 0.06 a 1.42 ± 0.05 a 2.08 ± 0.45 a 3.17 ± 0.61 a 2.58 ± 0.42 a 4.5 ± 0.47 a
4.5 days 0.56 ± 0.05 a 1.0 ± 0.05 a 2.0 ± 0.84 a 1.67 ± 0.42 a 2.58 ± 0.73 a 5.08 ± 1.21 a
*هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ نﻮﺘﺳ ﺮﻫ رد ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ فوﺮﺣ ﺎﻫداﮋﻧ زا ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ردي ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا مﺪﻋ راد)Bonferroni, P< 0.05 (ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﻚﻳ رد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
* In each wasp strain, the same letter in each column is not significantly different (Bonferroni, P< 0.05) within a density
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺘﺒﻟاﻳزارﺎﭘ ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﺶﻳﺋﻮﺘﻴ رد ﺪﻳ ،ﻪﻜﻟ ﻚﻟد ﻪﺑ ـﻴ ﺮـﺛا ﻞ
ﺰﻤﻫ ﻞﺧاﺪﺗﻳﺘﺴﻲ
1
ارﺎﻛ ،ﻲﻳ ﺮﮔﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟي ـﻣ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛﻲﻳ ﺪـﺑﺎ)18 و39( ،
ﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣﻲ ﻣ ﻪﻛﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻲ ﺤﻣ رد ناراﺪﻧﺎﺟ ﺶﻨﻛاﺮﭘ ردﻴﻂﺎﻫي
ﺒﻃﻴﻌﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد)37.(
ﻣ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑﻴنﺎﺑﺰﺎﻫي زارﺎﭘﻳ ﻛ زا ﻪـﺘﻴﻔ ـﻴ ﺎـﭘ ﺖﻴﻳﻦ ﺮـﺗي اﺮـﺑي
زارﺎﭘﻳﺘ
ﻴ ﺪﻧرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ دﺪﺠﻣ ﻢﺴ)6(زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﺎﻣا ،ﻳﺘﻴﺪﭘ ﻢﺴﻳهﺪاي ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا
اﺮﺷ ردﻳﺒﻃ ﻂﻴﻌﻲ ﻧﻴﻣ ﻊﻗو ﻪﺑ ﺰﻲﭘﻴ دﺪﻧﻮ)7 .(ﺎﻧاﻮﺗ مﺪﻋﻲﻳ ﺨﺸﺗﻴﺑ ﺺﻴ ﻦ
ﻣﻴنﺎﺑﺰﺎﻫي زارﺎﭘ و ﻢﻟﺎﺳﻳﻣ ﻪﺘﻲا زوﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻳﺪﭘ ﻦﻳ
ﺎـﻣا ،دﻮﺷ هﺪ
لﺎﺜﻣ ردﺎﻫي دﺪﻌﺘﻣي زارﺎﭘﻳﺋﻮﺘﻴنﻮﻣﺮﻓ زا ﺎﻫﺪﺎﻫي ﺎﺟ ﻪﺑي ـﻃ هﺪـﻧﺎﻣﻲ
ﻢﺨﺗراﺬﮔي )19(ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ،راﺬﮔي ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ وري ﻣ نﺪﺑﻴ نﺎـﺑﺰ)4( رﻮـﻀﺣ ،
ﺎﻫﺎﻤﻨﻫاري ﻠﺧادﻲ ﺷﺎﻧﻲ رﺰﺗ داﻮﻣ زاﻳ هدﺎـﻣ رﻮـﺒﻧز ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﻖ)20(
،
ﻐﺗﻴﻴﻛ تاﺮﻴﻔﻴﻣ ﺖﻴ نﺎﺑﺰ)7 (ﻐﺗ و ـﻴﻴ ـﺷ تاﺮﻴﻤﻴﺎﻲﻳ ﻣ ﻒـﻨﻟﻮﻤﻫ ردﻴ نﺎـﺑﺰ
)26 (زارﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا ردﻳﺘﻴ اﺮـﺑ ،ﻢﺴي ﺨـﺸﺗﻴﻣ ﺺﻴ نﺎـﺑﺰ ﺎـﻫي زارﺎﭘﻳ ﻪـﺘ
ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻲﺪﻨﻨﻛ .ﻌﻗاﻮﻣ ردﻲ زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳﻳﺘﻴﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز رد ﻢﺴﻲﻳ ﻪﻛ ﺎـﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻳ
ﺨﺸﺗﻴ
ﺑ ﺺﻴﻣ ﻦﻴنﺎﺑﺰﺎﻫي زارﺎﭘ و ﻢﻟﺎﺳﻳﺳر تﺎﺒﺛا ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ رد ﻪﺘﻴﻧ ،هﺪ ـﻴ ﺰ
ﺖــﺳا هﺪــﺷ هﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ .ا زاــﻳ عﻮــﻗو ﻪــﻛ ﺖــﺳا هﺪــﺷ شراﺰــﮔ ﺮــﻈﻧ ﻦ
زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳﻳﺘﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻢﺴﻴﻣ نآ زا بﺎﻨﺘﺟا ﻦﻲ اﺮـﺷ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻳ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻂ
ﻳ
ﺪﭘ ﻚﻳهﺪي و ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ رﺎﮔزﺎﺳﻳ ـﺘﻗو هﮋﻲ ﺪـﻨﭼ ﻪـﻛﻳ رﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑ هدﺎـﻣ ﻦ
رد نﺎــﻣﺰﻤﻫــ ﻳ ﻚﻣ ﻪــﻜﻟﻴ ﺪﻨــﺷﺎﺑ ﺮــﺿﺎﺣ ،نﺎــﺑﺰ)12 ،13 ،40 و51 .(
ﻨﭽﻤﻫﻴﻨﭼ رد ﻦﻴﻌﺿو ﻦﻴﺘﻲدﻮﺧ ،-زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳﻳﺘﻴﻧ ﻢﺴ ـﻴ ﺰ ـﻳﺪﭘ ﻚ ـﻳهﺪي
دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ رﺎﮔزﺎﺳ .ﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺘﺒﻟاﻴو تﺎﻘﻳ ﺮﺴ)44 (ﻳزارﺎﭘ ﻚﻳﺋﻮﺘﻴ ﺪ
رد هدﺎﻣﻳﻪﻜﻟ ﻚي دوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗي زارﺎﭘﻳﺟﺮﺗ ،هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻴﻣ ﺢﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫدﻴنﺎﺑﺰ
ﺎﻫي زارﺎﭘﻳﺑ ار ﺎﺒﻗر ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺘﻴﻣ زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴنﺎﺑﺰﺎﻫي زارﺎﭘﻳ ،شدﻮﺧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺘ

1- Mutual interference
زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳﻳ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻪﺘ)44 .(ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣﻳ داﮋﻧ ود ﺮﻫ رد ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞL.
fabarum اﺰـﻓا ﺎـﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫﻳ ﻣ ،رﻮـﺒﻧز ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ﺶ ـﻴزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ناﺰﻳﺘﻴ ﻢـﺴ
اﺰﻓاﻳ ﺶﻳﺖﻓﺎ . ـﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ رد ﻪﺘﺒﻟاﻲ ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ رد ﺎـﻫي ﺎـﭘﻴﻳﻦ رﻮـﺒﻧز ﺮـﺗ
) ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ5 ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ (ﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣزارﺎﻳﺘﻴﭘ عﻮﻗو ﻪﺑ ﻢﺴﻴ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ ،ﺖﺳﻮ
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ردﺎﻫي ﻐﺗ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﻴﻴﺮي ﻣ ردﻴ
زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ناﺰﻳﺘﻴﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻢﺴ . ﺎﻣا
ﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ داﮋﻧ ردﻲ اﻳاﺰﻓا ﻦﻳزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﺶﻳﺘﻴ و دﻮﺑ رﻮﺒﻧز ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻢﺴ
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ زا ﺪﻌﺑﻳﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ،ﻚﺎﻫي 5 و10 ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ﺲﭙـﺳ و ، ﺎـﻫي 20 و30
اﺰﻓاﻳﻧﺎﻜﻠﭘ ﺶﻲ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ .ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣﻳﻘﺤﺗ ﺞ
ﻴﻠﺒﻗ تﺎﻘﻲ )هداد ،ﺦﺳار
ﺎﻫي هﺪﺸﻧ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ(ﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ ،ﻲ ـﺴﻨﺟ ﻚـﺗ داﮋـﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧﻲ ﺎﻤﺗ ـﻳ ﻞ
ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸي ﻢﺨﺗ ﻪﺑ راﺬـﮔي ﺮـﻣا ،درادي ﻪﻄـﺳاو ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻛي ﻫﺎﻣ ـﻴ عﻮـﻧ ﺖ
ﻟﻮﺗﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ داﮋﻧ ﻞﺜﻣﺪﻲ ﻟﻮﺗ مﺪﻋ وﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺮﻧ رﻮﺒﻧز ﺪﻴ ـﻣ ﻪﻲ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
مﺎﺠﻧا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ،هﺪﺷﻲ ﻣ ﻪﻛﻴزارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ناﺰﻳﺘﻴ ﻢـﺴ
رد داﮋﻧ ودﻳﺎﻜﻳﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﻚﺎﻘﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﻳﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رد ،ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺴﺎﻫي ﺎﭘﻴﻳﻦ ﺮﺗ
)ﻢﻛاﺮﺗﺎﻫي 1 ،5 و10(ﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ ،ﻲ لﺎﻌﻓ ﻻﺎـﺑ ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ رد ﺎـﻣا دﻮـﺑ ﺮﺗ
) ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ30
(ﻠﺒﻗ دراﻮﻣ فﻼﺧﺮﺑ ،ﻲ ﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧزي ﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗﻲ ﺎﻤﺗﻳﺑ ﻞﻴﺮﺘﺸي
اﺮﺑي زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳﻳﺘﻴﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻢﺴ. ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣﻳا ﺞﻳ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ) لوﺪـﺟ3( ،
ًاﺮﻫﺎﻇﻳﻜﻲ ﻻد زاﻳا ﻞﻳﻣ ﺮﻣا ﻦﻲﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻴ ﺎـﻫورﻻ ﺮﺘـﺸي ﻗر ـﻴ ﺐ
ﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ داﮋﻧ رد ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ورﻻ ﻂﺳﻮﺗﻲ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . اﺰـﻓاﻳ هزاﺪـﻧا ﺶي و نﺪـﺑ
هرود لﻮﻃ ﺶﻫﺎﻛي ﺪـﺷري زارﺎﭘ رد لﻮـﻤﻌﻣ رﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑﻳﺋﻮﺘ ـﻴ ﺎﻫﺪ ـﻳ ﻚ
ﺎﺷﻳﮕﺘﺴﻲ ﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣﻲ دﻮﺷ)1 .(ا ردﻳﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﻳ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺞ
هﺪﻣآ)هداد ،ﺦﺳارﺎﻫي هﺪﺸﻧ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ (ﺪﭘ ـﻳهﺪي
زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳﻳﺘﻴ داﮋـﻧ رد ﻢـﺴ
ﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗﻲ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ نﺪﺑ هزاﺪﻧا ﺶﻳﮕﺘﺴﻲ اﺮﺑي جﺎـﺘﻧ
ﺎﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد ،ﺪﺷ ﺐﻟﺎﻏﻳﮕﺘﺴﻲ هزاﺪﻧا ﺐﺴﻛي اﺮـﺑ ﺮﺘﮔرﺰﺑي داﮋـﻧ جﺎـﺘﻧ

258 ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ )مﻮﻠﻋ و ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ يزروﺎﺸﻛ(، ﺪﻠﺟ30، هرﺎﻤﺷ 2، نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ 1395
ﺴﻨﺟﻲ دﻳﺘﺣ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ جﺎﺘﻧ و ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻲ ﺒﻃ رﺎﺸﻓﻴﻌﻲ اﺰﻓاﻳ هرود لﻮـﻃ ﺶي
ﺪﺷري ﻧ ارﻴﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ ﺰ .اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑﻳﺎﻫورﻻ ﻦي ـﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ داﮋﻧﻲ رﻮـﺒﻧز
L. fabarum ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ردﺎﻫي ﻻﺎـﺑي زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳﻳﺘﻴ ﺑ ﻊﻓﺎـﻨﻣ ،ﻢـﺴﻴ ﺮﺘـﺸي
ﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧﻲ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﺐﺴﻛ .
زارﺎﭘ ردﻳﺋﻮﺘﻴﺎﻫﺪي ﺎﻫورﻻ ،يداﺮﻔﻧاي هراورآ ﺎﺑ ﺐﻠﻏا لوا ﻦﺳ ﺎـﻫي
ﺳادﻲ دﻮﺧ ﻞﻜﺷ)15(ﻢﺨﺗ ،ﺎﻫورﻻ و ﺎﻫي ﺎﺳﻳزارﺎﭘ ﺮﻳﺋﻮﺘﻴﺎﻫﺪي ﻗر ـﻴ ﺐ
ﻣ زﺎﮔ ارﻲﮔﻴ ﺪﻧﺮ)11 .( ﺳ ﺮـﺑاﺮﺑ رد حوﺮـﺠﻣ ورﻻﻴ ا ﻢﺘـﺴﻳ ـﻨﻤﻲ ﻣﻴ نﺎـﺑﺰ
ﻧﻼﻣ ﺮﺛا رد و هﺪﺷ سﺎﺴﺣﻴ ـﺳﻮﮔﺎﻓ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ نﺪﺷ ﻪﻟﻮﺴﭙﻛ و ﻪﻨﻴﺖ ﺎـﻫي
ﻣﻴﮕﻔﺧ ﺮﺛا رد نﺎﺑﺰﻲ ﻣﻲﻣﻴ دﺮ)31 و53 .(ﻣود ردﻴﺳ ﻦﻴﻋﺎﻓد ﻢﺘﺴﻲ ﺎـﺑ
ﻓ بﻮﻛﺮﺳ ناﻮﻨﻋﻴﺰﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻳﻜﻲ )32 (ﻳﻜﻲ ﺎﻫورﻻ زا)ﻣ ورﻻ ﺐﻠﻏاﻦﺴﺮﺗ( ،
ـﺴﻛا نداد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺑﻴ ﻣ نﻮـﺧ رد دﻮـﺟﻮﻣ نﮋﻴ نﺎـﺑﺰ)20 ( ـﻳ ﺎ
ﻣ ﻒﻨﻟﻮﻤﻫ ﻞﺧاد ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣﻴ و نﺎﺑﺰﻳﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﻴﻤﺳ تﺎﺤﺷﺮﺗ ندﺮﻛ ﺎﻫر ﺎﺑ ﻦﻲ
)16 و17(ﻗر ورﻻ ،ﻴ ـﻣ رد ﺎﭘ زا ار ﺐﻲدروآ . ﺎـﺘﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﻖﺑﺎـﻄﻣﻳﻘﺤﺗ ﺞ ـﻴ ﻖ
ﺴﻨﺟود داﮋﻧ رد ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣﻲﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رد ،ﺎﻫي ﻻﺎﺑي رﻮﺒﻧز) ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ﺎـﻫي 20 و
30(ﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻣز ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ،ﻲرادي ﺎﻫورﻻ ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ زاي ﻗرﻴ ﺐ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﻛ .ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رد ﺎﻣاﺎﻫي ﺎﭘﻴﻳﻦ ﻪـﺑ نﺎـﻣز ﺖـﺷﺬﮔ ﺎـﺑ ﺎﺒﻗر فﺬﺣ ﺮﺗ
ﭙﻧ عﻮﻗوﻴﺖﺳﻮ .ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑﻲ دوﺪـﻌﻣ داﺪـﻌﺗ ﺐـﻟﺎﻏ ورﻻ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﺳري ورﻻ
ﻗرﻴﻣ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ار ﺐﻲﻟو ﺪﻨﻛﻲ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑﻳﺎﻫورﻻ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺶي ﻗرﻴ ﺎﺒﻗر فﺬﺣ ،ﺐ
ﺮﺳ ﺎﺑﺑ ﺖﻋﻴﺮﺘﺸي ﻣ عﻮﻗو ﻪﺑﻲﭘﻴدﺪﻧﻮ
.ا ﻪﺘﺒﻟاﻳ ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﺳا ﻦـﻜﻤﻣ ﺮـﻣا ﻦ
ﻟدﻴاﺰﻓا ﻞﻳﺎﻫورﻻ ﻪﻬﺟاﻮﻣ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺶي ﻗرﻴﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ رد ﺐ . اﺮـﭼ
ﺎﻫورﻻ ﻪﻛي ﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز رد لوا ﻦﺳي داﺮﻔﻧاي اراد ﺐـﻠﻏاي اوز ـﻳ ـﻣد ﺪﻲ
ﺪﺷرﻳﻣ ردﺎﻗ ار ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻲﻣ ﻒﻨﻟﻮﻤﻫ رد دزﺎﺳﻴ ﺖـﻛﺮﺣ نﺎـﺑﺰ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ .اﻳﻣ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻲ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻳرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻚي اﺰـﻓا ﺖـﻬﺟ ردﻳ ﺶ
ﺎﻫورﻻ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻬﺟاﻮﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﺷي ﻢﻫ داﺮﻓاﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻳﺎﺳ ورﻻ ﺎﻳﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮ ﺎـﺗ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺮﺨﺗ ار ﺎﻬﻧآ و هدﺮﻛ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻪﺑﻳ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺐ)27 .( ﺮـﺑ ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
ﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳاﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﺞﻳﻣ ﺢﻴنﺎﺑﺰﺎﻫي زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳﻳﻗر ورﻻ ﺪﻨﭼ رﻮﻀﺣ ،ﻪﺘﻴ ﺎﺗ ﺐ
ﻣﻮﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ زورﻴﺎﻲﻳ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ نﺪﺷ . ـﻣ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﻪـﺑﻲ عﺎـﻓد ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﺳر
ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻗر فﺬﺣ ردﻴﻤﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ رﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ناﺪﻨﭼ ﺐﻲا رد ﻪﻛ اﺮﭼ ،دﻮﺷ ـﻳ ﻦ
ﺎـﻫورﻻ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ عﺎﻓد
ي ﻨـﺳﻴ ﺎـﭘ ﻦﻴﻳ ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ ﻞـﺣاﺮﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻦ
ﺪﺷري ﺪﻨﺳﺮﻧ .ﻨﭽﻤﻫﻴﺪﻨﭼ ﻮﻤﻧوﺪﺷر ﻦﻳ رد ورﻻ ﻦﻳﻣ ﻚﻴ رﻮـﻃ ﻪﺑ نﺎﺑﺰ
نﺎﺸﻧ ،ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺪﺷر ندﺎﺘﻓا ﺮﻄﺧ ﻪﺑ نوﺪﺑ نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫﻣﻲ ﻦـﺳ هرﻮـﭘ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻫد
ﺪﺷر مودي ﺳ ﻪﺘﺷﻴﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻼﻗﺎﺑ هﺎﻲﻳ اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ندﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓﻲﻳ اﺮﺑي ﺪﻨﭼ
ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ اﺬﻏ دﻮﺒﻤﻛ و دراد ار ورﻻﻳﻤﻧ ﻞﻤﻋ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ دوﺪﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻚﻲ
ﺪﻨﻛ .ﺎﺘﻧﻳﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺞﻲ ارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳ ردﻳﺘﻴ رﻮﺒﻧز ﻢﺴ
D. rapae وري هرﻮﭘﺎﻫي
ﻨﺳﻴﻻﺎﺑ ﻦي ،ﻢﻠﻛ ﻪﺘﺷ
Brevicoryne brassicae ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
)22 .(
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ردﺎﻫي ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ،هﻮﺒﻧا شروﺮﭘ ﺎـﻫي ﺎـﭘﻴﻳ رﻮـﺒﻧز ﻦ
ﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣﻴزارﺎﭘ ناﺰﻳﺘﻴﺘﻧ رد و ﻢﺴﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪﺠﻴﻣ ﺪﻲدﻮﺷ . رد
ﻟﺎﺣﻲﻢﻛاﺮﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﻛﺎﻫي ﻻﺎﺑي ـﻣ رﻮﺒﻧزﻲ عﻮـﻗو ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﺠﻨﻣ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ
زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳﻳﺘ
ﻴ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺷ ﻢﺴﻳﺪﭘ ﻚﻳهﺪي ـﻣ بﻮـﺴﺤﻣ بﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧﻲ
دﻮﺷ .ا ﺮﺑﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ هﻮﺒﻧا شروﺮﭘ رد سﺎﺳا ﻦﻳﻤﻛاﺮﺗ رﻮﺒﻧز ﻢﻛاﺮﺗ ﻦﻲ ﺖـﺳا
ﻣ ﺐـﻠﻏا ﻪﻛﻴ نﺎـﺑﺰ ﺎـﻫي زارﺎﭘ سﺮﺘـﺳد ردﻳ ﻞﻗاﺪـﺣ و ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ هﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘ
زارﺎﭘﺮﭘﻮﺳﻳﺘﻴﺑ قﺎﻔﺗا ﻢﺴﻴﺪﺘﻔ .اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑﻳﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻦﻳ
،ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﺞ
ﻢﻛاﺮﺗﺎﻫي ﻳازا ﻪﺑ هدﺎﻣ رﻮﺒﻧز ﺞﻨﭘ و ﻚي 40 ﻣ هرﻮﭘﻴ نﺎـﺑﺰ) هرﻮـﭘ ﻦـﺳ
مود(ﻣ ،ﻲﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻴ ﺮـﺘﻬﺑ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻳ اﺮـﺑ ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ ﻦي ﺎـﻫ داﮋـﻧي
ﺴﻨﺟودﻲ ﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ وﻲ رﻮﺒﻧز
L. fabarum دﻮﺷ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ .
يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ
ﺪﺑﻳﺳﻮﻨﻴﺎﻤﺣ زا ﻪﻠﻳﺖﺎﻫي ﻟﺎﻣﻲ ـﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣﻲ ﻬـﺷ هﺎﮕـﺸﻧادﻴ ﺪ
ﻣ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ زاﻮﻫا ناﺮﻤﭼﻲدﻮﺷ.
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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