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Urinary tract infection with Escherichia coli and antibacterial activity of some plants extracts
... Diabetes, renal failure, long-term corticosteroid therapy, and the use of immune-suppressive medications for autoimmune illnesses are long-term factors that increase the risk of UTI. The main problem is urinary obstruction brought on by prostatic hypertrophy, tumours, bladder catheterization, and pregnancy 42 . ...
If treatment is not received, Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), which are frequent microbial illnesses affecting the urinary system, can lead to discomfort and problems. Because they have antibacterial qualities and can potentially reduce UTI symptoms, natural treatments have been used. Supplements or juice made from cranberries are one popular natural treatment. Proanthocyanidins, which are found in cranberries, have the potential to inhibit bacteria, especially E. coli, from adhering to the lining of the urinary tract, hence decreasing the risk of infection. Its efficacy is still up for discussion, though, and certain drinks’ high sugar content may make UTI symptoms worse. D-mannose, a kind of sugar included in fruits like peaches and cranberries, is another commonly utilised treatment. D-mannose inhibits germs from sticking to the walls of the urinary system, in a manner akin to that of cranberries. It’s believed to be effective against E. coli, a common UTI-causing bacterium, but it’s ideal dosage and long-term effects require further research. Probiotics are thought to be helpful for UTIs, particularly those that contain lactobacilli strains. They may lessen the chance of infection by assisting in the maintenance of a balanced population of bacteria in the urinary tract and gut. There is, however, little data to support their direct influence on UTI treatment. Herbal treatments with possible antibacterial effects, such as buchu, goldenseal, and bearberry (uva-ursi), have been used historically. These herbs have ingredients that may aid in the battle against germs in the urinary system, but further research is needed to determine how safe and effective they are. Increasing water consumption is a simple yet effective treatment. Drinking enough water dilutes urine, which lowers the quantity of bacteria that could lead to an illness, and aids in the removal of bacteria from the urinary system. Even while these natural treatments seem promising for treating UTIs, it is important to see a doctor before using them, particularly if you think the illness may be serious. Certain medical issues may prevent the use of natural therapies, or they may interact negatively with medicines. When used as the only treatment for acute UTIs, they are frequently less successful than when used as preventative measures or in conjunction with traditional medicines. The main line of treatment for severe or persistent UTIs is still medical intervention with antibiotics to avoid complications and recurrent infections.
... This is in line with the works of 3 who found E.coli the most predominant species in their study population. E coli has been reported as the leading causes of acute and uncomplicated UTI in ambulatory patients 4,5 . Other reporters populated that in Nigeria, E. coli, Proteus spp and Klebsiella spp have been isolated in 90.0% of UTI reported cases 22,27,28,29,26 . ...
Multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli has become a major threat and cause of many urinary tract
infections (UTI) in Enugu, Nigeria. The study was carried out to determine the resistant plasmids
of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from men attending prostate clinics at 82 division
Hospital, Enugu. A total of 50 urine samples were collected from patients attending prostate
clinic at 82 division Hospital, Enugu, presenting UTI: with their biodata. The samples were
inoculated on Eosin methylene blue agar and characterized by general microbiological standard.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-hinton agar. Multi drug resistant isolates were selected for plasmid profiling. Plasmids
were extracted by the alkaline lysis method, electrophoresed on 0.8% agarose gel and profiled
using a gel-photo documentation system gel. Escherichia coli were isolated at 72%. E. coli
isolate showed high resistance to most of the test agents. E.coli strains were observed to resistant
to more than nine antibiotics. The resistant plasmid DNA were detectable in all of the 11 multi
drug resistant Escherichiacoli having single sized plasmids of the same weight 18kbp. 6 strains
(lanes 6,7,8,9,10 and 11) had multiple sized plasmids at 9,8,8,8 and 9kbp respectively. They
were all resistant to amoxycillin, ciproflox, nalidixic acid, reflaxine, pafloxacin and
chloramphenicol. The study has highlighted the emergence of multidrug resistant plasmid among
E.coli causing urinary tract infections in Enugu, Nigeria. There is a high level of resistance to
many antimicrobials that are frequently used in Enugu, Nigeria.
Key words: Plasmids, Antibacterial resistance, antimicrobials, Escherichia coli, Urinary tract
infections
... Kitchen herbs have been used for flavour in food since ancient times (Lai and Roy, 2004), and in recent decades as medicine and food preservatives (Nabavi et al., 2015;Zheng et al., 2016). Cinnamon is now used as health promoting agents to treat diseases like inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders and urinary infections (Brierley and Kelber, 2011;Al-Jiffri et al., 2011). Cinnamon at 0.3% w/v provides 1.6 log CFU/mL reduction on E. coli at 8 °C and 2.0 log CFU/mL reduction at 25 °C (Cui et al., 2016). ...
Calf diarrhoea remains the biggest challenge both in the small and large farms. Infectious diarrhoea is associated with many pathogens, Escherichia coli being one, but majority are systematically treated with antibiotics. Since antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing menace, the need to find alternative prophylactic solutions using popular kitchen herbs such as Trachyspermum ammi (carom seeds), Curcuma longa (turmeric) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.) extracts is been investigated against virulent form of E. coli isolated from calf diarrhoea. The virulence factors identified in these isolates were ST (32.5%), LT (20%), eaeA (15%), stx1 (2.5%) and stx2 (5%) with the occurrence of the most common serogroups as O18 (15%) followed by O111 (12.5%). Highest resistance was seen with beta lactam + beta lactamase inhibitor (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) followed by beta lactams (ampicillin, cefuroxime and cefepime). The zone of inhibition due to cinnamon (methanol) and carom seed (ethanol) extracts (500 to 250 μg/mL concentration) on E. coli bacteria was >19 mm, respectively. Turmeric, cinnamon and carom had the potency of inhibiting the pathogenic E. coli which maybe suggestive of its use in calf diets as prophylaxis against diarrhoea.
... In cosmetics and food products, cinnamon is used due to its antimicrobial activities (Nabavi et al., 2015;Liu et al., 2017). It is also used as health-promoting agents to treat diseases like inammation, gastrointestinal disorders, and urinary infections (Al-Jiffri et al., 2011;Brierley and Kelber, 2011;Liu et al., 2017). ...
Cinnamon is a member of family Lauraceae, found in tropical area and it has been used as a spice in India. In the present study, Cinnamomum zeylanicum was used for detection of phytochemical components and antimicrobial activity. The dried powder of cinnamon was extracted using Methanol. The extract was tested for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, phenols and carbohydrates. The phytochemical screening of cinnamon was rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The effect of cinnamon extract against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were studied. The strongest antimicrobial activity were observed at 100 mg/ml of methanolic extract of cinnamon was 20.67±0.58 mm zone of inhibition against E.coli and 24.57±0.58 mm zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhi. The antibiotic Gentamycin kept as a control.
... The three main compounds of cinnamon are cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl acetate and cinnamyl alcohol (Khasnavis & Pahan, 2012) and due to their antibacterial activities, cinnamon is used in cosmetics or food products (Nabavi et al., 2015) as well as to treat diseases such as inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders and urinary infections (Brierley & Kelber, 2011;Al-Jiffri et al., 2011). Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) has been used as food ingredients in the Middle East since ancient time and cumin seeds have been used as antiseptic and disinfectant in India (Mohammad Reza et al., 2015;Feng et al., 2020). ...
Chinese Mala dishes, typical and traditional Chinese cuisines, have a high risk of exposure to contaminants due to its characteristic cuisine culture where customers can personally add ingredients into the dish. The main spices added to mala dishes commonly have antibacterial and antiseptic properties. This study was conducted to find spices and concentrations suitable for inhibiting bacterial infection and spoilage of Mala cooking ingredients. Ten types of ingredients bought from professional Mala restaurants were checked for the occurrence of bacteria in the Mala dishes. Six major spices sauce constituting the Mala dishes were added to food ingredients with severe bacterial contamination, and the progression of spoilage was observed for 47 days. E. coli and 9 species of bacteria were found in all ingredients, and 2 species of them were C. geocarposphaerae and E. americana, which known to be found in human wounds. Of the 6 types of spices, Star anise and Sichuan pepper best inhibited the bacteria growth and slowed the spoilage progression of ingredients. In conclusion, Mala cooking ingredients can be contaminated with various bacteria due to its unique storage method, but Star anise or Sichuan pepper could be safely protected the ingredients from bacteria and spoilage. © 2022, Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, SBCTA. All rights reserved.
... According to traditional Chinese medicine, which dates back almost 4,000 years, cinnamon has been used not only as an antioxidant and flavoring agent but also as a treatment for many health problems and diseases such as coughs and colds, diabetes, inflammation, gastrointestinal problems, and urinary tract infections. Cinnamon also has proven antifungal, antibacterial, and antiparasitic activity [7,8,9]. Recent studies have shown that cinnamon has antimicrobial activity against some microorganisms and that, when used with antibiotics, it has a favorable potential against multi-resistant bacteria [10]. ...
Background : Due to the increased occurrence of bacterial resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs, there is a constant search for novel therapeutic strategies; medicinal plants represent an important source for obtaining such substances. The antimicrobial activity of extracts and essential oils of medicinal plants has been proven in several studies conducted in countries with diverse flora. Aim : To evaluate the antibacterial activity of cinnamon against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Material and Method: Bacterial susceptibility testing was conducted by the diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar using paper discs impregnated with test substances. Results: All test strains were sensitive to the essential oil of cinnamon. We observed low synergistic potential between essential oils against the strain of S. aureus. Conclusion: The essential oil of cinnamon has antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Future research should be conducted to define the best concentration and better extraction solution for mastic and cinnamon peels.
... In another study in 2011 that performed by O. Al-Jiffri, antibacterial effect of Cinnamon had showed on E. coli and Salmonella enteric isolated from UTI (O. Al-Jiffri et al., 2011). Amalaradjou et al. (Amalaradjou et al., 2011) showed the ability of trans-cinnamaldehyde to inhibit UPEC biofilm formation of UPEC on catheters. ...
With use of continuous prophylactic antibiotics in societies without any limitation, the number of drug resistant bacteria has been increased. This survey was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Cinnamon extract and essence on bacteria that cause urinary tract infections (UTI), and compare it affects with common used antibiotics. This study was experimental design. Bacterial isolates i.e. E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis were isolated from UTI. Antibacterial effects of Cinnamon against these bacteria then were analyzed according to the standard protocols. Antibacterial effects of antibiotic such as nalidixic acid and Co-trimoxazole were also evaluated by disc diffusion method. Enterococcus faecalis, E.coli and Streptococcus agalactiae showed 100% sensitivity for extract and essence. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aurus (MRSA) had 80% sensitivity to extract and essence, and Klebsiella pneumonie had 90% sensitivity to extract and essence of Cinnamon. we conclude that essence and extract of Cinnamon have a much more effectiveness against bacteria isolated from UTI than common used antibiotics.
... Then it was transferred in a conical flask and the total volume was made up to 100ml with double distilled water. The solution was stirred on a magnetic stirrer with heating mantle for 30mins at 50-60°C and eventually, the solution was filtered using Whatman's filter paper no. 1 [12] . 10ml of 1mM concentration silver nitrate solution and 10ml of the freshly prepared ginger extract was mixed together to make up the volume ratio of 1:1. ...
In this work, the synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)by aqueous extracts of ginger used as reducing and stabilizing agents, respectively and its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria causing urinary tract infection. After optimizing the synthesis parameters, samples were characterized by SEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy and FTIR. Biologically synthesized Ag-NPs was tested by two techniques i.e. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) determination and agar well diffusion method to study the antibacterial properties. The initial syntheses of Ag nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and showed the surface Plasmon resonance band at 420nmsupported the reduction AgNO3 to AgNP. The average diameter of the prepared nanoparticles in solution was about 40-60 nm and were spherical in shape. Analysis of FTIR showed that secondary metabolites are responsible for bio-reduction in silver nanoparticles of silver nitrate. In this study, biologically synthesized Ag-NPs also exhibited strong antibacterial activity against bacteria (Escherichia coli) of the clinical isolates from patients suffering from urinary tract infection, shown effective inhibitory activity against sensitive strains of E. coli. (Susceptible to first-line antibiotics used to treat urinary tract infections. Results confirmed this protocol as simple, rapid, eco-friendly, non-toxic and an alternative to conventional physical/chemical method. It could be used as a safer alternative to antimicrobial and antibacterial agents for further research purposes.
... Antibiotics must not be prescribed excessively, particularly in sight of the escalating prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Additionally, the infection initiated by the MDR strain of E. coli would boost the cost of treatment, morbidity, and mortality, specifically in countries such as India [4,5]. The antibiotic sensitivity patterns arising from these would differ from location to location. ...
As per the current scenario of weakened immune systems in humans and inadequate usage of antibiotics, the infections came out as serious medical conditions and pathogens, especially bacteria causing urinary tract infections to have gained resistance. To combat this, the bioactive and antimicrobial properties of healing herbs have gained the limelight. Likewise, Picrorhiza kurroa, a famous traditional and local drug in the higher Himalayan region, is used for antimicrobial treatments and partial sanitation of air by the tribes, including Ayurveda scientists. This study was done on the urine sample of a 78-year-old UTI patient, the successive pathological tests revealed the acute infected condition, and further microbiological analysis of the urine sample diagnosed the presence of pathogenic E. coli in large numbers, which was further detected to be multiple drug-resistant (MDR) by antibiotic sensitivity tests. The plant extract through the methanol extraction method of Picrorhiza kurroa roots was subjected to antimicrobial assay against the isolated pathogen E. coli by well diffusion method. The MDR E. coli was found to be highly sensitive against the plant extract indicating 23 mm microbial inhibition zone, which proves the description of Kedar Jadi as an antimicrobial drug mentioned in Charak Samhita; furthermore, this can lead to the preparation of drugs and addition in combating against acute MDR bacterial infections.
... (E)-cinnamyl acetate and caryophyllene are the principal components of cinnamon fruit and flower essential oil [48,49]. Cinnamon is used in cosmetics and food products because of its antimicrobial properties [50,51], and It can be utilized as a health-promoting agent to treat ailments such as inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, and urine infections [52,53]. ...
Increasing consumer concerns about the dangers associated with synthetically produced additives in food processing have led researchers to focus their investigation on eco-friendly materials and natural antimicrobials from animal sources, microorganisms, and plant-based materials. Although fruits and vegetables are an essential element of most people’s diets, the perishable nature of these products results in a very limited shelf-life. Postharvest factors such as transportation, environmental factors, and preservation methods further decrease the product quality and storage limits. Thus, it is crucial to choose the correct substance and packaging method to retain product freshness. Minimally processed fruits and vegetables (MPFV) are among the most developing branches of the food industry. One of the practical techniques is essential oils (Eos) as natural preservatives and antimicrobial agents in MPFV. Eos demonstrated compelling against different pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. This review provides updated information on the use of Eos like Thyme, cinnamon, sage, peppermint, clove, their synergetic effect and applications in minimally processed fruits and vegetables. These essential oils ought to be investigated in the future to inspect their harmfulness and results through in vitro and clinical examinations.
Graphic abstract
... Antibiotics must not be prescribed excessively, particularly in sight of the escalating prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Additionally, the infection initiated by the MDR strain of E. coli would boost the cost of treatment, morbidity, and mortality, specifically in countries such as India [4,5]. The antibiotic sensitivity patterns arising from these would differ from location to location. ...
As per the current scenario of weakened immune systems in humans and inadequate usage of antibiotics, the infections came out as serious medical conditions and pathogens, especially bacteria causing urinary tract infections to have gained resistance. To combat this, the bioactive and antimicrobial properties of healing herbs have gained the limelight. Likewise, Picrorhiza kurroa, a famous traditional and local drug in the higher Himalayan region, is used for antimicrobial treatments and partial sanitation of air by the tribes, including Ayurveda scientists. This study was done on the urine sample of a 78-year-old UTI patient, the successive pathological tests revealed the acute infected condition, and further microbiological analysis of the urine sample diagnosed the presence of pathogenic E. coli in large numbers, which was further detected to be multiple drug-resistant (MDR) by antibiotic sensitivity tests. The plant extract through the methanol extraction method of Picrorhiza kurroa roots was subjected to antimicrobial assay against the isolated pathogen E. coli by well diffusion method. The MDR E. coli was found to be highly sensitive against the plant extract indicating 23 mm microbial inhibition zone, which proves the description of Kedar Jadi as an antimicrobial drug mentioned in Charak Samhita; furthermore, this can lead to the preparation of drugs and addition in combating against acute MDR bacterial infections.
... Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon) as also a functional food belongs to the Lauraceae family, being used for various human ailments such as antiseptic, antifungal, antiviral, neuroprotective agents, inflammation, urinary infections, gastrointestinal disorders, and for the treatment of diabetes and hyperglycemia (Al-Jiffri et al., 2011;Brierley & Kelber, 2011;Camacho et al., 2015 Government of India, Ministry of Health andFamily Welfare, Department of ISM &H, 1999 ;Khasnavis & Pahan, 2011;Kim et al., 2006;Pittman, 2011;Ravindran et al., 2003). Several studies have suggested that it helps in fatty acid oxidation (in adipose tissue) through activation of TRPA1 (transient receptor potential-ankyrin receptor 1) and genes involved in it. ...
Nutraceuticals need special attention as preventive molecules to create a natural barrier against various dreadful diseases like cancer and to regulate metabolism. In the present study, two spices, Trachyspermum ammi and Cinnamomum verum, been identified as excellent Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (PTPases) sources that play significant role in the regulation of cell signal transduction and developmental processes in plants as well as animals, being lucrative and potential targets for pharmacological modulation. PTPases from both cases were partially purified into 0%–40% and 40%–80% fractions based on ammonium sulfate saturation levels. Fraction (40%–80%) exhibited a purification level of 4.44‐fold and 2.86‐fold with specific activity of 44.06 and 23.33 U/mg for PTPases from T. ammi and C. verum, respectively. PTPases being found to be thermally stable up to 70°C imply their industrial significance. Kinetic studies showed Km values to be 7.14 and 8.33 mM, whereas the activation energy (Ea) values were 25.89 and 29.13 kJ/mol, respectively. Divalent cations: Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Mn²⁺ acted as inhibitors of PTPases, from both sources. The Ki values of inhibitors varied from 0.014–0.125 mM in the descending order Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Mn²⁺ and Mn²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺ for PTPases from T. ammi and C. verum, respectively. The inhibitory effect of sodium metavanadate aligns with prominent PTPase characteristics. In addition to these properties, the thermostability of PTPases from two spices enhances their significance in industries with therapeutically vital products. Although the source of PTPases is culinary spices, further studies are required to establish the utilization of PTPases as nutraceuticals and in therapeutic formulations.
Practical applications
For a healthy lifestyle, awareness needs to be created by humankind towards food habits to minimize illnesses. Numerous studies have explored the consumption of nutraceutical products acts as a natural barrier and immune booster for various human ailments including SARS‐COV‐2. PTPases play important roles in regulating intracellular signaling and, ultimately, biological function along with their structural features. The importance of PTPases and their inhibitors has been implicated in various diseases like cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Further investigations need to be undertaken to explore the therapeutic properties of PTPases in both in vivo and in vitro for their clinical significance.
... In UTI, the bacterium may grow in any part of the urinary tract system including kidneys, urinary bladder, ureter and urethra. 74 Herbal drugs are safe, economical, and easy to use. The major advantage of these herbal drugs is that bacteria have not developed resistance against them. ...
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most severe public health problem affecting both genders but females are more susceptible due to the differences in urogenital and reproductive anatomy, physiology and lifestyle. As in UTI, different parts of the urinary tract are affected and morbidity due to UTI is more common in women of all ages and older men. Due to multi‐drug resistant strains and high recurrent rate, UTI has become a major socioeconomic burden. The current review article was aimed to describe the natural therapeutic strategies to manage and cure the UTI. For this purpose, different databases including Google Scholar, Cochrane database, and PubMed etc. were explored. Inclusion criteria was to include any research article investigating the current therapy of UTI. It was found that microbial infections including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella species are the major causes of UTI with a different signs and symptoms including painful urination or dysuria, hematuria, urinary urgency, burning micturition, frequent urination, nausea, and vomiting. Antibiotics like Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole, quinolone etc. as the first choice of the drug are used worldwide. However, due to microbial resistance, several life‐threatening side effects, repeated high doses, high cost and low efficacy of these antibiotics motivated the researchers to explore natural remedies for the treatment of UTI. Herbal medicines are effective to combat bacterial resistance with high efficacy, and easy availability with minimal or no side effects, that's why it attained the attention to explore the herbal treatment of UTI. Vaccinium macrocarpon, Tribulus terrestris, Trachyspermum copticum, Cinnamomum verum and Hybanthusenn easpermus are some common medicinal plants reported to have therapeutic potential for the management and cure of the UTI. Although herbal medicines have more potential over conventional medicine but more discoveries are required to explore the phytoconstituents and their mechanism of action responsible for the management and cure of UTI.
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... Cinnamon bark contains procyanidins which include both procyanidin A-type and Btype linkages the seprocyanidins extracted from Cinnamon and berries possess antioxidant activities (Peng et al., 2008;Anderson et al., 2004). Cinnamon also been used as Comparative Analysis of In vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Cinnamomum tamala Extract and their Essential... antiproliferative, inflammation, gastrointestinal disorder, urinary infection (Kallel et al., 2019;Brierley and Kleber 2011;Al-Jiffri et al., 2011). ...
Background: The essential oils of aromatic plants have wide range of biological applications. Natural food preservatives have been always a demanding for food industries in both developed and developing countries to prevent bacterial growth in food stuffs. Therefore, focused on Cinnamon leaves essential oils components against food pathogens have been investigated to confirm its potential use in food products. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of two Cinnamon leaves oils and extracts (T-2 and T-19) were examined by disc diffusion assay and the minimum inhibitory concentration by two-fold serial dilution method against foodborn pathogenic microorganisms i.e. E.coli (MTCC 723), B. Cereus (MTCC 430), S. aureus (MTCC 3381), S. typhi (MTCC 734) and C. perfringens (MTCC 1349). The antioxidant activity of both essential oils and extract was determined by DPPH assay. The chemical profiling of Cinnamon essential oils were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Result: The antimicrobial activity of both Cinnamon leaves oils and extract were evaluated by disc diffusion assay and it showed that in essential oils and extracts exhibited the highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) against S. aureus and E.coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both oils and extracts ranged from 0.156 mg/ml to 5mg/ml and the antioxidant properties of oils and extract of cinnamaldehyde type Cinnamon possessed the highest antioxidant activity than linalool type. The chemical constituent of Cinnamon oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that T-2 contains cinnamaldehyde (75%) and T-19 contains Linalool (63.77%) were found as major constituents. Therefore the results shows that essential oil of cinnamaldehyde type Cinnamon could be a potential rich source of natural antioxidants and also more effective against food borne pathogens than linalool type and could be used as natural antibacterial agents in food preservation.
... piperita), e tomilho (Thymus vulgaris L.) foram mais eficazes do que extratos aquosos frente a E. coli. Os autores ressaltaram que o extrato do cravo da Índia tem uma potente função antimicrobiana contra a E. coli(40). O efeito antibacteriano do A. sativum e do Z. officinale também foram testados em um estudo realizado por Karuppiah e cols. ...
Infecções do trato urinário (ITU) caracterizam-se pela resposta do organismo diante uma invasão e multiplicação bacteriana. O tratamento através de terapias alternativas, entre elas plantas medicinais, tem se mostrado eficaz na prevenção de patologias. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as principais plantas medicinais utilizadas para o tratamento de ITU. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Medline, Science Direct e Google acadêmico, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol e em documentos oficiais dos últimos 12 anos. Sugere-se que os constituintes fitoquímicos presentes em algumas espécies, agem modulando o estresse oxidativo, impedem a fixação e proliferação de microrganismos. Existem muitos estudos sobre o potencial das plantas medicinais nas ITU, porém ainda são necessárias mais investigações visando o estabelecimento de doses, forma e tempo de uso, além de seus respectivos mecanismos de ação.
... In addition also showed various pharmaco-logical activities such as antioxidant (Dickson et al., 2006), antitumor (Kaskoos, 2014). Antispasmodic, anti-histaminic, vasorelaxant effects (Asghari and Lockwood, 2002), wound healing immuno modulation properties, leukemia healing (Zaker et al., 2007), antibacterial and antitubercular activities (Shahverdi et al., 2008) and antimicrobial (Al-Jiffri et al., 2011;Dogruoz et al., 2008) . ...
... In addition also showed various pharmaco-logical activities such as antioxidant (Dickson et al., 2006), antitumor (Kaskoos, 2014). Antispasmodic, anti-histaminic, vasorelaxant effects (Asghari and Lockwood, 2002), wound healing immuno modulation properties, leukemia healing (Zaker et al., 2007), antibacterial and antitubercular activities (Shahverdi et al., 2008) and antimicrobial (Al-Jiffri et al., 2011;Dogruoz et al., 2008) . ...
... In addition also showed various pharmaco-logical activities such as antioxidant (Dickson et al., 2006), antitumor (Kaskoos, 2014). Antispasmodic, anti-histaminic, vasorelaxant effects (Asghari and Lockwood, 2002), wound healing immuno modulation properties, leukemia healing (Zaker et al., 2007), antibacterial and antitubercular activities (Shahverdi et al., 2008) and antimicrobial (Al-Jiffri et al., 2011;Dogruoz et al., 2008) . ...
... In addition also showed various pharmaco-logical activities such as antioxidant (Dickson et al., 2006), antitumor (Kaskoos, 2014). Antispasmodic, anti-histaminic, vasorelaxant effects (Asghari and Lockwood, 2002), wound healing immuno modulation properties, leukemia healing (Zaker et al., 2007), antibacterial and antitubercular activities (Shahverdi et al., 2008) and antimicrobial (Al-Jiffri et al., 2011;Dogruoz et al., 2008) . ...
Pegnum harmala is belong to Zygophyllaceaee family. It is a wild growing flowering plant which is possess antimicrobial functions and an essential component in commercial medicine, Traditionally revealed the smoke of its seeds is used as antiseptic. The aim of this study: harmala alkaloids (Harmaline, Harmalol, Harmol, Harmane, Harmine, tetra hydroharmine, acisine, acisinone) were isolated and chemically identified from Pegnum harmala seeds. Phytochemical screening of Pegnum harmala seeds showed the absence of flavonoids, Coumarin and resins and presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, anthraquinons, terpenoids and steroids. In vitro antibacterial activity results were summarized in table 3 of Peganum harmala and its alkaloids against some pathogenic bacterial strains isolated from patients Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Aeromonas, E.coli, klebsiella, Acinetobacter.
... The main cause for 85% community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTIs) and 50% hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) is E. coli bacteria [10,11] . There are different factors that affect the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) like gender, age, urological instruments, and immunosuppression [12,13] . The empirical usage of ciprofloxacin and cephalosporins has been threatened by the emergence of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases [14,15] . ...
... The main cause for 85% community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTIs) and 50% hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) is E. coli bacteria [10,11] . There are different factors that affect the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) like gender, age, urological instruments, and immunosuppression [12,13] . The empirical usage of ciprofloxacin and cephalosporins has been threatened by the emergence of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases [14,15] . ...
... Cinnamomum plants belong to the Lauraceae family and contain more than 300 evergreen aromatic plant species (Ravindran, Nirmal-Babu & Shylaja, 2003). They have been also employed as a health promoting agent for the treatment of inflammation, gastrointestinal, and urinary disorders (Brierley & Kelber, 2011) as well as potential antibacterial activity (Al-Jiffri, El-Sayed & Al-Sharif, 2011). Four Cinnamomum species including Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamomum loureiroi, Cinnamomum burmannii, and C. aromaticum are important economic crops because of their numerous culinary uses as spices (Bandara, Uluwaduge & Jansz, 2012). ...
Endophytic fungi, which colonize within a host plant without causing any apparent diseases, have been considered as an important source of bioactive secondary metabolites containing antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The aim of this research was to isolate the endophytic fungi of Cinnamomum loureiroi and then to screen their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. A total of 11 fungal endophytes were isolated from healthy leaves of Cinnamomum loureiroi belonging to six genera: Botryosphaeria , Colletotrichum , Diaporthe , Fusarium , Neopestalotiopsis , and Pestalotiopsis . All isolated strains were cultured and further extracted with ethyl acetate solvent. Antimicrobial activity of all crude endophytic fungal extracts was analyzed using disc diffusion assay against six bacterial and two fungal pathogens. Crude extracts of strains MFLUCC15-1130 and MFLUCC15-1131 showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens. Activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was notable, showing the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration at 3.91 μg/mL. Antioxidant activity of all crude endophytic fungal extracts was also evaluated based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Significant antioxidant activity was detected in the crude extracts of fungus MFLUCC15-1130 and MFLUCC15-1131 with IC 50 of 22.92 ± 0.67 and 37.61 ± 0.49 μg/mL, respectively. Using molecular identification, MFLUCC15-1130 and MFLUCC15-1131 were identified as Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Diaporthe sp., respectively. The major chemical constituents produced by both crude extracts were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eugenol, myristaldehyde, lauric acid, and caprylic acid were the primary antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds in both crude extracts. This is the first report of eugenol being a biologically active compound of Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Diaporthe sp. fungal endophytes. Eugenol has been reported as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents with agronomic applications. Thus the two newly-isolated endophytes may be used for eugenol production, which in turn can be used in a variety of applications.
... Essential oils for use in the cosmetics and food industry are derived from cinnamon bark, leaves, flowers, and fruit. In traditional Chinese medical treatments, cinnamon has also been used in the treatment of diabetes [36], inflammation, urinary tract infections, and gastrointestinal disorders [37,38]. ...
In recent years, people have become more conscious about the side-effects of fluoride toothpastes and herbal products have drawn attention as alternatives in the struggle against caries. Studies have focused on the benefits of essential oils obtained from herbs because of their antibacterial effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of Origanum dubium and Cinnamomum cassia oils combined with herbal toothpastes against Streptococcus mutans. The antibacterial activity of the test materials was determined using the agar well diffusion method before and after the addition of essential oils. We tested the efficacy of Splat Organic and Splat Biocalcium against S. mutans (12 mm and 11 mm, respectively) doubled in combination with Origanum dubium (23 mm for both toothpastes) and tripled with Cinnamomum cassia (38 mm and 36 mm, respectively). Jack N’ Jill toothpaste, which did not initially show any antibacterial effect, exhibited the largest inhibition zones after the addition of the essential oils (38 mm for Origanum dubium and 39 mm for Cinnamomum cassia). The results of this study pointed out that herbal toothpastes exhibit statistically higher antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (p < 0.05) than their initial forms after the addition of essential oils.
... Combined effect of plant extracts with antibiotics was tested by using antibiotic discs (10 drugs) in combination with prepared extracts [19]. For this purpose, total 54 media plates inoculated with stains were used, 18 plates for each strain. ...
Urinary tract infection is an inflammatory response of the urothelium to bacterial invasion that is usually associated with bacteriuria and pyuria. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are most familiar pathogenic infections that cause severe complications of urinary tract and difficult problems. The development of drug resistance especially to antibiotics which are used in treatment of infection is major problem. The main objective of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts against pathogenic bacteria most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli) involved in UTIs. Different bacterial strains of E. coli were provided by Institute of Microbiology in University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also performed for direct detection and identification of E. coli by targeting UID gene. After confirmation of E. coli antimicrobial sensitivity of various antibiotics as quinolones, aminoglycosides, cephalosporin and beta-lactam were tested by standard disc diffusion method. Results were recorded as by measuring diameter of zone of inhibition and analyzed by analysis of variance techniques (ANOVA). Five antibiotics ampicillin, imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Nalidixic acid showed resistance pattern towards three strains. Clove, cinnamon, garlic aqueous and ethanolic extracts were prepared and tested to check their antibacterial efficacy against isolated E. coli. Clove and cinnamon extracts has showed best antibacterial activity against UTI strains as by their mean ± SE values (13.33 ± 2.05 for clove and 11.33 ± 0.5 for cinnamon). Ethanolic extract (10%) of clove with 27 mm, boiled extract (10%) of cinnamon and garlic with 16 mm and 14 mm diameters of zone of inhibition showed maximum inhibitory response. Combined effect of plant extracts 10% with antibiotics was also tested. In combined effect, resistance drugs ampicillin, Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Nalidixic acid showed susceptibility pattern as by increasing diameter of zone of inhibitions on three UTI strains. Hence it is concluded that combined effect is more (additive effect) than treated UTI alone with antibiotics. Various plant extracts can be used in combination with antibiotics as a treatment therapy in E. coli caused UTIs.
... Prevalence of E.coli in the present study was high 70.00%, which agreed with the study by Kibret andAbera (2014) 63.60%, andOladehinde et al., (2011) 85.00% respectively, but contracted the work of Derese et al., (2016) who obtained 9.00% as prevalence of E.coli in urine. E. coli had severally being reported as the predominant organism responsible for UTIs (Sibiani, 2010;Okonko et al., 2010;Al-Jiffri et al., 2011;Parveen et al., 2011;El-Sokkary, 2011, Vasudevan, 2014. Al-Asoufi et al., (2017), Fu et al., (2014, Benfield et al., (2007), Berke and Tilton (1986), Bonadio et al., (2004), and Boyko et al., (2005 adduced the prevalence of E. coli to its virulence conferred by Type 1 fimbriae, S fimbriae, P fimbriae, afimbrial adhesion, aerobactin, cytotoxic necrotizing factor and hemolysin. ...
... Two isolates of P. aeruginosa and the S. aureus isolate used in this study were susceptible to the hot water extract and cold water extract of A. indica; but they were all resistant to the leaf extracts of G. kola. Previous studies have also reported that the extracts (aqueous, ethanol and methanol) of A. indica and G. kola showed very low antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens (as obtainable in this present day study) [Hajera et al., 2013;Fuad et al., 2012;Al-Jiffri et al., 2011]. When compared to the conventional antibiotics used in this study, the test bacterial pathogens were multiply resistant to both the herbal plants (leaf extracts of A. indica and G. kola) and the antibiotics used in this study. ...
This study was designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of some selected antibiotics and herbal leaf extract of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) against bacteria pathogens isolated from patients with wound infections in National Orthopedic Hospital Enugu (NOHE). A total of ninety-six (96) wound swab samples were collected from patients in NOHE using sterile swab stick. The isolated bacteria were characterized using standard microbiology techniques; and the pathogens were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion method. Extraction of herbal plant leaf extract with ethanol, methanol, hot and cold water was carried using standard techniques. Susceptibility studies using ethanol, methanol, hot
and cold water extract against isolated bacteria pathogens was determined at different extract concentration of stock, 50g, 25g, 12.5g, 6.125g and 3.125g using the agar well diffusion method. The result of this study revealed that out of the 96 wound swab collected 15(21.7%) bacteria pathogen was isolated in the following order E. coli 9(60%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4(26.6%), Klebsiella spp 1(6.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus 1(6.6%). All the bacterial isolates of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus were multiply resistant to the tested antibiotics used for this study. However, some of the organisms were susceptible to gentamicin, aztreonam, piperacillin, ciprofloxacin and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. It was generally observed that the bacterial isolates from the wound infections were highly resistant to the tested antibiotics. Similarly, the test bacteria were multiply resistant to the antibacterial action of A.
indica and G. kola. No zones of inhibition was recorded for any of the test organisms excluding some E. coli isolates that showed some level of susceptibility to the ethanol, methanol, cold water extract and hot water extracts of A. indica leaf extracts. Some isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were also susceptible to the antibacterial action of A. indica and G. kola. In all, the bacterial pathogens from the wound infections used for this study were multiply resistant to the conventional antibiotics used; and these organisms sowed little or no susceptibility to the leaf extracts of the herbal plants (A. indica and G. kola) used. Nevertheless, the search for novel antimicrobial agents should be a continuous process – due to the continuous emergence and spread of drug resistant pathogens in both the community and hospital environment. Plants including A. indica and G. kola still hold the potential to transform medicine especially in the area of chemotherapy – since these natural substances posses in them great healing powers still
untapped.
... Common symptoms of UTI include: nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle ache, strong and frequent urgency of urination, pain or burning sensation on urination, and cloudy, bloody or strong smell urine. (3) Approximately about 18% of Iraqi people suffer from urinary tract stones. Stones prevalence increase with age in both genders males and females, this study has suggested that diet and life behavior may play a more role in stone formation than ethnicity. ...
This clinical study aimed for the evaluation of three medicinal plants which are parsley seeds, fennel fruits and corn silk against kidney stone and infections.The study's methods were included preliminary phytochemical investigation of all plant parts used and the study was done by using cold maceration with 90% ethanol. Different reagents were used for testing different active compounds such as alkaline reagent test for flavonoids, foam test for saponins, terpenoids test for terpenoids, Fehling's reagent for reducing sugar and Dragendroff's reagent for alkaloids. The clinical study carried out in an outpatient clinic in Imam Al-Hussein medical city, Karbala, Iraq. The 300 patients divided into two groups, the first group includes 150 patients for urinary tract infection for ten days and the same number of patients for stones. The dosage form of plant extracts in this study was 500 mg as soft gelatin capsules three times a day before meal. Each capsule contained 200 mg of fennel fruit extract, 200 mg of corn silk extract and 100 mg of parsley seed extract. All results analyzed by Spss and compare with T-test value at 0.001 probability. The preliminary investigation revealed that flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugar, and terpenoids were presented in plants extracts which used in this study. The result of urinary tract infection study gives indication that these three plant extracts were very effective in the treatment of infection which caused by bacteria especially E-coli. The treatment of stones also effective, but need more time to get rid of all types of stones.
... Common symptoms of UTI include: nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle ache, strong and frequent urgency of urination, pain or burning sensation on urination, and cloudy, bloody or strong smell urine. (3) Approximately about 18% of Iraqi people suffer from urinary tract stones. Stones prevalence increase with age in both genders males and females, this study has suggested that diet and life behavior may play a more role in stone formation than ethnicity. ...
This clinical study aimed for the evaluation of three medicinal plants which are parsley seeds, fennel fruits and corn silk against kidney stone and infections.The study's methods were included preliminary phytochemical investigation of all plant parts used and the study was done by using cold maceration with 90% ethanol. Different reagents were used for testing different active compounds such as alkaline reagent test for flavonoids, foam test for saponins, terpenoids test for terpenoids, Fehling's reagent for reducing sugar and Dragendroff's reagent for alkaloids. The clinical study carried out in an outpatient clinic in Imam Al-Hussein medical city, Karbala, Iraq. The 300 patients divided into two groups, the first group includes 150 patients for urinary tract infection for ten days and the same number of patients for stones. The dosage form of plant extracts in this study was 500 mg as soft gelatin capsules three times a day before meal. Each capsule contained 200 mg of fennel fruit extract, 200 mg of corn silk extract and 100 mg of parsley seed extract. All results analyzed by Spss and compare with T-test value at 0.001 probability. The preliminary investigation revealed that flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugar, and terpenoids were presented in plants extracts which used in this study. The result of urinary tract infection study gives indication that these three plant extracts were very effective in the treatment of infection which caused by bacteria especially E-coli. The treatment of stones also effective, but need more time to get rid of all types of stones.
... UTIs account for more than 7 million visits to physicians per year [1][2][3] affecting persons of all ages including children, women, and elderly but most predominant in women, especially in developing countries such as India. [4,5] Approximately 40% of women have had a UTI in their lifetime and over 20% of young sexually active women who had previous UTIs have recurrent UTIs. [6] Escherichia coli is the most common organism causing both community and hospital-acquired UTIs, leading to serious secondary health issues worldwide. ...
Introduction: Biofilms are group of microorganisms which are embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance which adhere to each other. They are found to be involved in a wide range of infections in the body like urinary tract infections (UTIs). Biofilms are considered to be highly resistant to antimicrobial agents. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common organism causing both community as well as hospital acquired UTI leading to serious health issues. Objectives: This study was conducted to analyse the antibiotic sensitivity profile of biofilm forming Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from patients with suspected UTI attending a Teaching hospital of North Karnataka. Materials And Methods: 388 E. coli isolates recovered from1000 suspected cases of UTI were tested for susceptibility to fourteen different antibiotics. In vitro biofilm formation was detected by Tube adherence method, Congo red agar method and Tissue culture plate method. Results: 277 isolates (71.39%) produced biofilm in-vitro by all the three methods. Biofilm forming E. coli developed significantly higher degree of resistance towards antimicrobial drugs Ampicillin (87.36%), Cefuroxime (81.58%), Amoxicillin clavulanic acid (77.61%), Ciprofloxacin (71.48%) and Ceftriaxone (71.48%). They were sensitive to higher antibiotics like Imipenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Nitrofurantoin, and Amikacin. Conclusion: Detection of biofilm in E. coli and its resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics in the clinical practice is essential in improving the efficacy of empirical treatment. This study revealed the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of biofilm forming E. coli which helps clinicians to treat UTI effectively. © 2018 Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
... Common symptoms of UTI include: nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle ache, strong and frequent urgency of urination, pain or burning sensation on urination, and cloudy, bloody or strong smell urine. (3) Approximately about 18% of Iraqi people suffer from urinary tract stones. Stones prevalence increase with age in both genders males and females, this study has suggested that diet and life behavior may play a more role in stone formation than ethnicity. ...
This clinical study aimed for the evaluation of three medicinal plants which are parsley seeds, fennel fruits and corn silk against kidney stone and infections. The study’s methods were included preliminary phytochemical investigation of all plant parts used and the study was done by using cold maceration with 90% ethanol. Different reagents were used for testing different active compounds such as alkaline reagent test for flavonoids, foam test for saponins, terpenoids test for terpenoids, Fehling’s reagent for reducing sugar and Dragendroff's reagent for alkaloids. The clinical study carried out in an outpatient clinic in Imam Al-Hussein medical city, Karbala, Iraq. The 300 patients divided into two groups, the first group includes 150 patients for urinary tract infection for ten days and the same number of patients for stones. The dosage form of plant extracts in this study was 500 mg as soft gelatin capsules three times a day before meal. Each capsule contained 200 mg of fennel fruit extract, 200 mg of corn silk extract and 100 mg of parsley seed extract. All results analyzed by Spss and compare with T-test value at 0.001 probability. The preliminary investigation revealed that flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugar, and terpenoids were presented in plants extracts which used in this study. The result of urinary tract infection study gives indication that these three plant extracts were very effective in the treatment of infection which caused by bacteria especially E-coli. The treatment of stones also effective, but need more time to get rid of all types of stones.
... than male (32.4%) [25]. Jiffri AL O., et al. studied that the infection is most common in females (56.9%)than males (43.1%) [5]. Abubakar E [2] reported that the incidence of infection was higher in females with the prevalence of 54.3%, while in males the recorded value was 45.7% [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. ...
Objective: The study aims to identify strains of bacterial organisms causing urinary tract infections (UTI), and to determine the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility at a secondary care hospital in Samail, Oman.
... Mostly infection occurs in women than men due to the presence of shorter urethra. 43 The main causative factor for the stone formation by urinary supersaturation of different element present in the urine. 44,45 It may cause serious medical consequences such as extreme obstruction, hydronephrosis, infection and haemorrhage in the urinary tract system. ...
Pedalium murex (L.) is a traditional herb, commonly used for the treatment of kidney stone related problems. Struvite stone can swiftly grow and become 'staghorn calculi' in kidney and its associated areas, which is the most aching urological disorder. The present study investigated the anti-urolithiasis activities of ethyl acetate extract of P. murex L. (EAEP) against struvite crystal. The antibacterial activity of EAEP examined against several urease producing bacteria. It showed the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (>125). On the other hand, total mass, volume, number, growth rate and dissolution rate of synthesised struvite crystals were observed at different concentrations 0.5%, 0.75%, 1% of EAEP and without EAEP. In which, EAEP addition showed appreciably reduced struvite crystal. Alternatively, MgO (300 mg of EAEP/kg/body weight) induced urolithiasis of Wistar albino rat at the rate of 1 ml for 28 days. Various biochemical parameters in serum, urine and histological analysis of kidney were taken for evaluation. Significant results (p < 0.05) were observed in 1% EAEP (300 mg) treated group than cystone treated group. From the histological study, reduced renal damage and glomerular development were observed. Our experiment, P. murex L. enhances the reducing activity on struvite crystal and prevents the crystal formation both in-vitro and in-vivo. It can be suggesting that P. murex L. and its phyto-components could be used as remedy for the management of kidney stone by dissolving the struvite stone in kidney. © 2017 Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University.
... The strains of E. coli isolated from hospitalized patients were more resistance to amoxicillin. Amoxicillinclavulanate, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin and gentamicin compared to those from outpatients [9]. Traditional medicine is in practice for many centuries by U a substantial proportion of the population of many centuries. ...
Background : Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances which can be used to treat various infectious diseases. Hence, antibacterial activities of ethanol extracts of 6 plant species were studied against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates. Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional study was performed. Plant extract from leaf of Marribum vulgari, Saturja montana, Myrtus comminus L., Amaranthus retraflexus, seed of Cumminum cyminum L. and Peganum harmal specie was performed using rotary. Sampling was carry out from urine culture of hospitalized patients (Boo-Ali hospital, Zahedan, south-eastern of Iran) suffered from urinary tract infections during the years 2010 and 2011. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) of plant extracts of plants on bacteria was determined using micro dilution broth method at 6 different concentrations. Results : The results show P. harmal and M. comminus L. were a potent antimicrobial activity against Gr
... Herbs and spices have been used since ancient times in the treatment of UTI, because of their antimicrobial properties. Cinnamon is one of the spices used to treat UTI and also act as a health-promoting agent for the treatment of diseases such as inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders ( Brierley andKelber, 2011 andAl-Jiffri et al., 2011), anti-oxidant ( Hoque et al., 2008 andAsimi et al., 2013), antimicrobial ( Nabavi et al., 2015 andMarchese et al., 2014), anti-diabetic and anti-tumor. Cinnamon is the bark of the evergreen tropical cinnamon tree. ...
... Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl acetate, and cinnamyl alcohol are the three main compounds of cinnamon [67]. Due to its antimicrobial activities, cinnamon is also used in cosmetics or food products [11], and also used as health-promoting agents to treat diseases like inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, and urinary infections [68,69]. ...
Infectious diseases caused by pathogens and food poisoning caused by spoilage microorganisms are threatening human health all over the world. The efficacies of some antimicrobial agents, which are currently used to extend shelf-life and increase the safety of food products in food industry and to inhibit disease-causing microorganisms in medicine, have been weakened by microbial resistance. Therefore, new antimicrobial agents that could overcome this resistance need to be discovered. Many spices—such as clove, oregano, thyme, cinnamon, and cumin—possessed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against food spoilage bacteria like Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, harmful fungi like Aspergillus flavus, even antibiotic resistant microorganisms such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, spices have a great potential to be developed as new and safe antimicrobial agents. This review summarizes scientific studies on the antibacterial and antifungal activities of several spices and their derivatives.
Aim: To investigate the current spectrum and determine the age-related sensitivity or resistance patterns of bacterial uropathogens to commonly used antibiotics in children aged two months to twelve years. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Pediatrics Department of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College (SMBBC) Lyari and Dr. Ziauddin Hospital Keamari, KDLB using a consecutive sampling technique from December 30th, 2022, until June1st, 2023. The diagnosis was based on a colony count of 105/ml of a single pathogen in a symptomatic child. Within 1 hour after the initial collection, samples were sent to the laboratory and were cultured in 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey's media. Results: Our study included 100 children with a "positive" urine culture, aged ranged from 2 months to 12 years. Thirty (30%) were males and seventy (70%) were females. E. coli was the most prevalent urinary pathogen, accounting for 52 (52%), followed by Klebsiella (29%), Proteus (9%), Pseudomonas (8%), and Enterococcus faecalis (2%). The majority of pathogens were sensitive to Amikacin, Imipenem, and Piperacillin/Tazobactam. Cefoperazon, Nitrofurantoin, and Ciprofloxacin were shown to be intermediately sensitive, whereas Amoxicillin-clavulanate, Ceftazidime, and Ceftriaxone were resistant. Conclusion:UTI is a source of morbidity in children, which requires regular studies to identify the organism and its sensitivity from time to time and recommend prompt empirical treatment to bring down the UTI-related morbidity and mortality in children.My study reflects a lack of in-vitro sensitivity to commonly used oral forms of antibiotics.
Health is being a major concern with increasing population, modernization and development. Now it runs parallel with increasing knowledge and awareness. Complexity and challenges women face throughout life require an increased focus on their overall well-being. They always keep their own needs and self-care secondary to that of their family. Women education and health are the most significant pillars for progress of a society. Healthy women lead to happy and sustainable future. But women, particularly in puberty age group, suffer from many issues of reproductive health and urinary tract infections are one of these diseases, which affect kidneys, urinary bladder, ureter and urethra. These infections majorly occur due to poor sanitation and unhygienic conditions. Its severity increases with increasing frequency and occurrence of other diseases like diabetes, obesity and overall low body immunity. Good health is right of every woman and it can be maintained by drinking plenty of water, eating healthy food, exercising regularly and taking natural remedies. Numbers of plants are traditionally used in different parts of the world for treating UTIs. These plants serve as an alternative therapy to control the disease by boosting up the body immunity vis-à-vis fighting the causative agents. Herbal therapy provides a sustainable approach for controlling the infection. Leading to happy and healthy living of mankind.
Women are susceptible to experience Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) throughout their lives because of the location of their reproductive organs. Treatment in UTIs is done through a pharmacological approach. Ginger is a solution in reducing complaints in health problem. The effect of giving red ginger as a treatment for urinary tract infections in women is the purpose of this study. The systematic review and meta-analysis reporting followed the PRISMA guidelines. PICOS was used in developing the research criteria. Articles published in the last 10 years, written in English, open access, and quasi-experimental research were selected from several databases. The four databases accessed were PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and ProQuest. Escherichia coli is a common cause of urinary tract infections in women. Red ginger has antimicrobial activity. The use of red ginger can be combined with other plants. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there was an effect of using red ginger on Escherichia Coli bacteria at p-value < 0.001. Red ginger can be useful in the management of urinary tract infections but it is necessary to explain further about how to process ginger properly.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain the common infections in outpatients as well as hospitalized patients. Recent studies suggest an increasing antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection (UTI). Current knowledge on antimicrobial sensitivity pattern is essential for appropriate therapy. The aim of the study is to determine the changing pattern of antibiotic sensitivity in E.coli causing UTI. Bacterial isolates are identified from symptomatic UTI cases attending in hospital were processed for culture and antimicrobial drug susceptibility in the Microbiology lab by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Of the total 250 samples, 191 (76.4%) cases were culture-positive for E. coli. The majority (63.6%) of the isolates were from female. Of the total 191 E. coli isolates were sensitive to levofloxacin 164 (85.8%), cefoperazone + sulbactam 160 (83.7%), Amikacin 160 (83.7%), Gentamicin 152 (79.5%), Imipenem150 (78%), meropenem150 (78%), Piperacillin-tazobactum 120 (71%), Ceftriaxone 74 (38.7%).The isolates showed high level of resistance to Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (100%), Ceftriaxone 117(61%), Piperacillin-tazobactum 71(37.2%), Imipenem41 (22%), meropenem41 (22%), Gentamicin 39 (20.5%), cefoperazone +sulbactam 31(16.3%), Amikacin31 (16.3%), levofloxacin 27 (14.2%). The study revealed that a significant number of the urinary tract infections in our study subjects were caused by multiple drug resistant E. coli. The sensitivity pattern showed that currently the levofloxacin is most effective antibiotic.
Coronavirus disease COVID-19 is causing havoc globally infecting millions of people globally and has led to deaths in thousands of people. Covid-19 attacks persons with low immune systems especially, neonates and geriatrics, hence, boosting immunity may be one of the best options during this pandemic. The rising cases of deaths due to COVID -19 calls for the need to explore possible herbal drugs that could boost immunity of people against this virus. However, the rational for the use of herbal drugs are that each herb has possibility of treating many health conditions, a single herb could have antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory properties. Herbs may be one possible source for a true cure for COVID -19. Herbal drugs are from renewable sources and they pose less danger of possible adverse effect compared to synthetic drugs. Because COVID-19 has no true cure for now, man should naturally resort to herbal drugs given by nature. The early men treated their ailments with herbs. Herbal drugs are highly potent and efficacious, however, their use have been limited by poor pharmaceutical design into dosage forms that would be acceptable to people. Herbal drugs could be formulated as teas, decoctions, infusions and more recently, tablets, capsules, microparticles, nanoparticles, and phytosomes amongst others. In this work different herbal plants with possible immune booster effect would be discussed and the ways they can be formulated into stable, and acceptable dosage forms explored.
article is about effect of different prebiotics on lipid profile of high fat fed rats
Food preservatives play an essential role in the production of safe and high-quality food. Natural preservatives are gradually gaining attention because it has less potential health risks compared to chemical preservatives. In this research, the cinnamon essential oil was encapsulated into the microemulsion system. The aim is to assess the effectiveness of cinnamon essential oil blends microemulsion as a preservative by examining its physical characterisation and stability in topping cream. Phase titration method was conducted to formulate microemulsion by mixing cinnamon essential oil, tween 20 and water together according to ratios from 0:10 to 10:0. A pseudo ternary phase diagram was constructed based on the visual appearance of ternary mixtures obtained. Three microemulsions were chosen and further analysed. The results indicated that cinnamon essential oil blends microemulsion exhibits transparent appearance with low acidity (pH 3.5-4.0), moderate conductivity (51-57 µS/cm), low viscosity ( < 4 mPa second) and shows excellent stability without being influenced by temperature changes and time. Thus, this study has demonstrated the potential of cinnamon essential oil blends microemulsion for its role in topping cream preservation due to the presence of cinnamaldehyde, a major antibacterial compound.
Objectives: Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston is one of the extensively used medicinal plant belonging to the family Bixaceae. In the present
study, we determined antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activity and elemental analysis of C. religiosum flowers.
Methods: Shade dried and powdered flower material was extracted by maceration process using methanol. Antibacterial activity of flower
extract was determined by agar well diffusion assay against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Antifungal activity was tested against
two molds namely Rhizopus sp. and Curvularia sp. by poisoned food technique. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical
scavenging and ABTS free radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing assay. Insecticidal activity was assessed in terms of larvicidal activity
against I, II and III instar larvae of Aedes species and Anopheles species. Elemental analysis was carried out to estimate the content of major and
minor elements.
Results: The flower extract was effective in inhibiting all test bacteria. Overall, the flower extract was effective against gram positive bacteria to
higher extent when compared to gram negative bacteria. Flower extract showed dose dependent scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals with an
EC50 value of 2.72 and 1.50µg/ml, respectively. In ferric reducing assay, an increase in the absorbance with increase in concentration indicated
reducing potential of flower extract. At 1mg/ml concentration, the flower extract caused 100% mortality of I, II and III instar larvae of Aedes
species and Anopheles species. The flower was shown to contain potassium and iron in highest quantity among major and minor elements,
respectively while magnesium and chromium content was least among major and minor elements, respectively.
Conclusions: The results are promising and the study highlights the possible utilization of the C. religiosum flowers against pathogenic
microorganisms and oxidative stress and to manage mosquito-borne diseases. The flower can be used as a food supplement as it is shown to
contain various mineral elements that are required.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major health problem, the second most prevalent human bacterial infection after respiratory tract infection. Patient with urinary tract infection is a potential source of multi drug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) with the potentials to spread antimicrobial resistant genes to other bacteria in the environment and other human populations. The aim of the study was to isolate and determine the prevalence of MDR Escherichia coli from patients suspected with urinary tract infection attending Ahmadu Bello University Medical Center, Zaria. A total of 95 urine samples were collected and processed according to standard microbiological methods for the isolation and identification of E. coli. Antibacterial susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion technique as well as MAR indices. Out of the 95 urine samples collected 32 were from males and 63 were from females, whose ages were between 5 and 74 years. The results revealed that 35 (36.8%) out of the 95 samples collected were positive for E. coli with high prevalence among the female patients 23(24.2%) compared to the male patients 12(12.4%). High prevalence of E. coli was also reported among the patients within the age ranges of 15-24 and 25-34 years. The Escherichia coli isolates demonstrated high resistance to sparfloxacin (91.4%), followed by cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin (82.9%). Additionally, 30 (85.7%) of the isolates exhibited multi drug resistance and 94.3% (n = 33/35) had a MAR index above 0.2. The study demonstrated that some of the E. coli isolates in the study are from high-risk contaminated sources where there may be high frequency of antibiotic usage. Therefore, the study indicated the need for Physicians to prescribed antibiotics to patients following standard antibacterial susceptibility testing. Keywords: Prevalence, Escherichia coli, Multi drug resistant, Urinary tract infection
This study aimed to study the frequency and susceptibility profile of bacteria causing urinary tract infections and associated risk factors among women at Hail province, Saudi Kingdom. A total of 320 mid-stream urine samples were collected from women between the ages of 15-45 years. Escherichia coli was the most frequent pathogen. It was 7 (53 %) in a healthy non-pregnant women, 9 (50 %) in pregnant non-diabetic women and 17 (37.7 %) in diabetic pregnant women. Urine microscopy revealed the presence of pus cells in 62 (81.5 %) urine samples collected. Higher incidence of UTIs was found in age groups 15-24 and 25-34 years, the percentage of the bacterial isolates were 51.1% and 37.8%, respectively. Also, we found a significant relation between high HbA 1 C level and the prevalence of bacteriuria. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that most of the urinary pathogens were highly susceptible to Augmentin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime and Ofloxacin. Statistically, our results indicated that a higher significant relation between UTIs and age, duration of pregnancy, number of pregnancy and level of HbA 1 C (P-value < 0.05).
Pedalium murex L. is a medicinal herb that has been used for the treatment of diseases related to kidney in the traditional system of medicine. The current study aims to study the effect of ethyl acetate extract of P. murex (EAEP) and its fractionated compound pedalitin against urease production and UreC gene expression in Proteus mirabilis. The selected reference strain Proteus mirabilis (MTCC 425) and the isolates culture of Proteus mirabilis were subjected to study the antibacterial efficacy of P. murex. Expression analysis of P. mirabilis urease gene was successfully done by QPCR. The ethyl acetate extract effectively inhibit the reference Proteus mirabilis and bacterial isolates of Proteus mirabilis in the clinical samples studied. EAEP has showed more potent activity (56.7%) against urease enzyme and pedalitin also exhibited potent activity (30.1%). Using qPCR, the expression of UreC gene of P. mirabilis was controlled by EAEP and also its bioactive compound pedalitin. The present study clearly demonstrated the potency of P. murex in controlling the growth of pathogenic P. mirabilis and to control the expression of urease enzyme production as well as to restrict the urease gene expression in P. mirabilis.
Cinnamon is a common spice obtained from the bark of Cinnamon tree (Cinnamomum zeylanicum). It has been used for culinary, as well as medicinal, purposes since ancient times in various countries. Apart from substantial amounts of several nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, choline, vitamins (A, K, C, B3), and minerals, several biological active compounds are present in the extract of oil, which contribute to immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, lowering blood cholesterol, antimicrobial, lipid-lowering, antihypertension, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, gastroprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective and blood purifying properties. Cinnamon roots serve as a hepatic stimulant by improving bile production, eliminating toxins, restoring electrolyte balance and regulating hydration and can be used for enhancing digestion. In addition, nutritional properties of cinnamon powder include positive effects regarding growth, digestion, enhanced activity of gut microflora, improvement of immune response, as well as improved feed efficiency and health improvement of poultry birds. Recently,research focus has been directed towards supplementing broiler diets with cinnamon powder as a phytobiotic in order to replace synthetic growth promoters.After reviewing the literature, it was found that the research at the molecular level to elucidate the mechanisms behind the potential ofcinnamon as a feed additive in poultry is limited, despite its promising impacts. Furthermore, supplementation doses vary significantly, i.e., from 0.02 to 7%. So, the aim of this review was to compile the published research related to cinnamon, explore its beneficial properties, find out its optimal dosage for uses byveterinarians, researchers, and nutritionists, as well as its potential to use as anatural feed additive to replace the synthetic antibiotic growth promoters in poultry feed.
Introduction
Clinical management of the urinary tract infections (UTI) is influenced by the antimicrobial vulnerability patterns.
Objective
The study aimed to analyse the resistance pattern of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) causing UTI in patients over a period of 4 years from 2012 to 2015.
Materials and Methods
1000 samples from patients suspected of having urinary tract infections were collected and processed for culture and antimicrobial drug susceptibility as per the routine microbiological techniques.
Results
Of the total 1000 samples, 395 cases were culture-positive for E. coli. These isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion method. Of the total 395 E. coli isolates, 170 (43%) were multi drug resistant (MDR). The isolates showed high level of resistance to Ampicillin (82.53%), Cefuroxime (72.41%), Amoxycillin-clavulinic acid (71.90%), Ceftriaxone (66.58%), Ciprofloxacin (65.82%) and Cefepime (57.47%). The isolates were sensitive to Imipenem (96.71%), Nitrfurantion (92.41%), Amikacin (90.89%), Chloramphenicol (85.82%), Piperacillin-tazobactum (80.76%), Gentamicin (59.24%), Azetreonam (54.43%) and Norfloxacin (53.67%).
Conclusion
We conclude that a significant number of the urinary tract infections in our study subjects were caused by multiple drug resistant E. coli. The sensitivity pattern showed a continued decline from 2012 to 2015, with Imipenem being currently the most effective antibiotic.
Urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens have become a serious global health concern. Main etiological agents for UTI are Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Recently, medicinal plants have found great popularity in medical treatment for different kinds of infections including urinary tract infections. The study has been planned to evaluate the efficacy of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and crude extracts of medicinal plants i.e. Syzygium aromaticum, Glycerrhiza glabra,Laurus nobilis and Brassica rapa against MDR urinary tract pathogens through agar well diffusion method. To investigate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBCs), dilution method was used. Quantitative evaluations of phytochemicals indicated the presence of alkaloids in higher concentrations. Results obtained for the antibacterial activities, the crude extracts of the four plants showed significantly higher inhibition zones as compared to other phytochemicals. The MIC values obtained for different extracts varying from 7.5-15 mg/ml. Comparig the activities of the extracts of the the four medicinal plants it was found that Syzygium aromaticum was the most potent plant against the tested bacterial pathogens indicating its strong candidateship for the drug development.
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