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Health-Promoting Compounds in Cape gooseberry (Physalis Peruviana L.): Review from a supply chain perspective
... 26 Ayrıca meyvenin olgunluğu arttıkça C vitamini ve β karoten miktarı artmaktadır. 27 P. peruviana meyvesinin yüksek miktarda fosfor, demir, potasyum ve çinko içerdiği, özellikle potasyum ve fosfor miktarının diğer meyvelere kıyasla oldukça fazla olduğu belirtilmektedir. 27,28 İskelet sisteminin ana bileşenlerinin fosfor ve kalsiyum olduğu göz önüne alındığında bu meyvenin iskelet sistemi başta olmak üzere, kas fonksiyonu, hormonal ve sinir sistemi gibi bir çok metabolik fonksiyonu düzenlediği ifade edilmektedir. ...
... 27 P. peruviana meyvesinin yüksek miktarda fosfor, demir, potasyum ve çinko içerdiği, özellikle potasyum ve fosfor miktarının diğer meyvelere kıyasla oldukça fazla olduğu belirtilmektedir. 27,28 İskelet sisteminin ana bileşenlerinin fosfor ve kalsiyum olduğu göz önüne alındığında bu meyvenin iskelet sistemi başta olmak üzere, kas fonksiyonu, hormonal ve sinir sistemi gibi bir çok metabolik fonksiyonu düzenlediği ifade edilmektedir. 28 P. peruviana pulpunun 100 g'ında 8,0 mg kalsiyum, 55,3 mg fosfor, 1,2 mg demir, 1,6 mg karoten, 0,1 mg tiamin, 0,03 mg riboflavin, 1,70 mg niasin, 43,0 mg askorbik asit bulunmaktadır. ...
... Fenolik bileşikler antioksidan özelliklerinden dolayı inhibisyon karsinogenezinde görev alırken ilgili mekanizmanın yolağı net değildir. 27 Fenolik bileşiklerin vitaminlere kıyasla antioksidan aktiviteye de daha belirgin katkı sağladığı rapor edilmiştir. P. peruviana meyvesinin fonksiyonel açıdan önem kazanmasında meyvede bulunan fenolik bileşikler dikkat çekmektedir. 1 P. peruviana meyvesinde bulunan polifenollerin antioksidan özellik göstermesi tıbbi açıdan değerli bir bitki olmasını sağlamaktadır. ...
Physalis peruviana, Patlıcangiller (Solanaceae) familyasının Physalis cinsine ait Güney Amerika’nın tropikal bölgelerinde doğal yayılış gösteren egzotik bir türüdür. Sarı-turuncu renkte, hemen hemen yuvarlak, üzümsü ve etli yapıda olan P. peruviana meyveleri çeşitli rakımlara, topraklara ve iklim koşullarına uyum sağlayabilmektedir. Physalis cinsinin ülkemizde doğal olarak yetişen dört türü bulunmaktadır ve halk arasında güveyfeneri olarak bilinen cinsin kültürü yapılmakta olup, ekonomik öneme sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. C vitamini, fosfor potasyum ve fenolik bileşikler açısından zengin olan P. peruviana fonksiyonel bir ürün özelliği göstermektedir. Farmakolojik ve fitokimyasal çalışmalarda antibakteriyel, antikanserojen, antidiyabetik, antioksidan etkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Domatese oldukça yakın tat ve görünüşü olan P. peruviana meyvesinin taze tüketiminin yanı sıra meyve suyu, marmelat, reçel ve tatlılarda, soslarda ve glazelerde kullanımı yaygındır. Hem kendine has lezzeti, hem de sağlık üzerinde birçok etkisi sebebiyle bu meyvenin gelecekte daha fazla yaygınlaşması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada P. peruviana bitkisinin botanik ve fonksiyonel özelliklerine değinilerek sağlık üzerindeki potansiyel etkileri değerlendirilmiş ve alternatif kullanım alanları ile ilgili bilgiler derlenmiştir.
... Physalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae) is one of the most commercially important species of the genus Physalis. Its exotic fruit has been gaining recent popularity in many countries, not only in the tropical and sub-tropical zone, but also in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas (Puente et al., 2011;Joshi and Joshi, 2015;Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016;Singh et al., 2019;Thuy et al., 2020). The species originated from the Andes, but the benefits of its production, the sensory, nutritional, pharmacological, commercial, and other characteristics, expanded its production worldwide far beyond its natural areas of origin. ...
... The berries are small, shiny, bright orange, flavorful and tender (National Research Council, 1989;Puente et al., 2011). Colombia is the world biggest producer and exporter of fresh and dehydrated fruit, realized mainly on the European market (NRC, 1989;Corporación Colombia Internacional (CCI), 2001;Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016). ...
... The physicochemical properties and the nutritional quality of CG fruit are strongly influenced by the variety, cultivar, ecotype, climatic, cultivation, ripeness, and post -harvest storage factors. Therefore, certain diversity has been observed on a regional and genotype basis (Fischer et al., 2007;Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016;Lal et al., 2019;Thuy et al., 2020). ...
Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a South American fruit with high nutrient
content, pleasant taste and antioxidant properties. However, its consumption in some
countries is underеvalued. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional
composition of two genotypes of Cape gooseberry fruit produced in Bulgaria (CG-F and
CG-P) and to compare it with imported Colombian fruits (CG-C). The samples were
assayed for size, diameter, moisture, ash, titratable acidity, pH, protein, lipid,
carbohydrate, natural pigments, and mineral content. Bulgarian genotypes were smaller in
size than the imported Colombian fruits. The protein content (2.54-1.88 g/100 g) was
relatively higher in the imported variety, compared with the locally produced fruit.
Carbohydrate content (10.23-14.13 g/100 g) slightly varied between the genotypes. The
sweetness of the fruit was due to the main detected sugars – sucrose, glucose and fructose.
CG-F and GC-C genotypes had similar sweetness indices, and fruit taste was evaluated as
sweet-sour. Pectin content did not exceed 1.85%; the cellulose content varied between
4.29% and 6.64%. Moreover, all investigated fruit had a low lipid content (below 1.00%).
The total chlorophyll and carotenoids levels were the highest in the local genotype CG-P
(3.62 and 22.36 µg/g). Potassium was the predominant macro-element in all genotypes;
there were numerical differences in the rest of the minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn),
while the heavy metals, Pb, Cd and Cr, were generally absent. Cape gooseberry fruit of
Bulgarian origin was evaluated as a low-calorie nutrient, compatible with the imported
Colombian fruit.
... Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), also known as goldenberry, Inca berry or Peruvian groundcherry, is the most extensively cultivated Physalis species, constituting an important cash crop in many countries of the tropical and subtropical regions (Puente et al., 2011). Colombia is the biggest producer and exporter of fresh and dehydrated Cape gooseberry (CG) fruit worldwide, with an annual export volume of about 6000 tons, directed mainly to the European Union (the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium being the largest markets) (Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016). The fruit of CG, a berry enveloped in a protective calyx, is bright yellow to orange in color, ovoid-shaped, small and shiny (with a diameter between 1.25 and 2.50 cm and weight between 4 and 10 g), and contains about 100-300 seeds. ...
... The results from the study were in full compliance with previous findings about high K contents in CG, and exceeded those found in many other fruits (Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016;Mayorga et al., 2001;Rodrigues et al., 2009;Ozturk et al., 2017;Zhang et al., 2013;Mokhtar et al., 2018). This was a certain asset of the studied CG fruit wastes, as K represents an intracellular element involved in neural and muscle electrochemical processes and in the acid-base regulation in the body. ...
... The levels of Na and Mg were higher than the results achieved by Rodrigues et al., (2009) (Na -1.1 mg/100g DW, Mg -34.7 mg/100g whole fruit), Ozturk et al., (2017) (Mg -102.5 mg/100 g), Eken et al., (2014) (Mg -145 mg/100g fruit) or Leterme et al., (2006) (Mg -19 mg/100 g, Na -6 mg/100 g fruit pulp). Ca was practically absent, similar to the previously observed low levels of this macromineral in CG fruit (values between 7.0 and 43.65 mg/100 g in whole fruit or fruit pulp) (Leterme et al., 2006;Rodrigues et al., 2009;Puente et al., 2011;Zhang et al., 2013;Eken et al., 2014;Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016;Ozturk et al., 2017). In general, the contents of microelements registered in this study, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu, were higher than the data reported by most of the above mentioned authors (Rodrigues et al., 2009;Puente et al., 2011;Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016), although some variation also existed. ...
The consumption of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruit (CG), fresh or processed, is gaining popularity worldwide, due to its nutritional and medicinal benefits. This study was based on the analysis of the lipid fraction of different parts of CG fruit and on further valorization of the resulting CG waste. The content of glyceride oil in CG seeds, peels and seed/peel waste, as well as the individual fatty acid, sterol and tocopherol composition of the oils was determined. CG seeds and seed/peel waste were a rich source of oil (up to 22.93%), which is suitable for nutritional application, due to its high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids (up to 83.77%), sterols (campesterol, Δ5-аvenasterol, β-sitosterol) and tocopherols (β-, δ- and γ-tocopherols). Seed/peel waste and the extracted seed cakes contained macro- and microminerals (K, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) which are important for human and animal nutrition. Seed cakes had relatively high protein (24.32%) and cellulose (42.94%) contents, and an interesting amino acid profile. The results from the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the composition of CG fruit, and might be of practical relevance in the development of functional foods and feeds.
... The chromatograms for the nine flavonoids found in the P. peruviana samples in this study are represented in Figure 16 and summarized in Table S1 (Supplementary Materials). Table 3 summarizes the characteristic fragmentation patterns for these compounds, consisting of the loss of the glycoside to yield the aglycone, while other observed fragments corresponded to the rupture of the flavonoid ring [26,46,47]. Aside from rutin (Rt = 16.78 min) (C27H29O16) [26,42], quercetin glycosides were present in peaks 3 (Rt = 12.60 min) and 7 (Rt = 16.08 min) with [M-H] − at m/z 463.0894 (C21H19O12), tentatively assigned to quercetin O-glucoside/galactoside isomers [44], yielding their main fragments at m/z 301, corresponding to the aglycone ( Figure 18). ...
... summarizes the characteristic fragmentation patterns for these compounds, consisting of the loss of the glycoside to yield the aglycone, while other observed fragments corresponded to the rupture of the flavonoid ring[26,46,47]. ...
There is increasing interest in research of secondary metabolites from Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) because of their potential bioactivities. In this study, the profile of compounds found in fruits and husks from Costa Rica was determined through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry using a quadrupole time-of-flight analyzer (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS) on extracts (n = 10) obtained through pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) conditions. In total, 66 different compounds were identified, comprising 34 withanolides, 23 sucrose ester derivatives and 9 flavonoids. UPLC-DAD analysis was performed to determine the β-carotene in fruits and to quantify the flavonoids in all 10 samples, with the results showing higher contents in samples from the Dota region (58.6–60.1 μg/g of dry material versus 1.6–2.8 mg/g of dry material). The Folin–Ciocalteau total polyphenolic content (FC) and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method showed better results for the husk extracts, with the ones from the Dota region holding the best values (4.3–5.1 mg GAE/g of dry material versus IC50 = 1.6–2.3 mg of dry material/mL). In addition, a significant negative correlation was found between the RU, FC and DPPH values (r = −0.902, p < 0.05), aligning with previous reports on the role of polyphenols in antioxidant activity. Principal correlation analysis (PCoA) and hierarchical clustering (HC) analysis were performed on HRMS results, and they indicated that the D1 and D2 fruit samples from the Dota region were clustered with husks related to a higher presence of the analyzed metabolites. In turn, principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity yielded results indicating that the D1 and D2 husks and fruit samples from the Dota region stood out significantly, showing the highest antioxidant activity. In summation, our findings suggest that P. peruviana husks and fruits from Costa Rica constitute a substrate of interest for further studies on their potential health benefits.
... Cape gooseberry fruits and other plant parts (leaves, body, seed and pomace) are valuable sources of secondary metabolites for phyto-pharmacy, novel medicine and cosmetics [16]. The fruits contain high amounts of health-promoting compounds [17][18][19][20], micronutrient, phosphorous and calcium [15], carotenoids, flavonoids [21][22] and have antioxidants [15,17,22]. Cape gooseberry being explored for its potential role as anticancer, antimycobacterial, antipyretic, immune-modulatory properties [23,24], anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-hepatotoxic activities [15,17,18,23] and treating various ailments such as diabetes, asthma, malaria, dermatitis, hepatitis and ulcers [24][25][26]. ...
... The fruits contain high amounts of health-promoting compounds [17][18][19][20], micronutrient, phosphorous and calcium [15], carotenoids, flavonoids [21][22] and have antioxidants [15,17,22]. Cape gooseberry being explored for its potential role as anticancer, antimycobacterial, antipyretic, immune-modulatory properties [23,24], anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-hepatotoxic activities [15,17,18,23] and treating various ailments such as diabetes, asthma, malaria, dermatitis, hepatitis and ulcers [24][25][26]. ...
This study investigated the energy input-output relationship in biomass production of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) grown in Sodic soils of Indo-Gangetic plains with agronomic manipulations of plant spacing (90 x 75 cm, 75 x 75 cm, 75 x 75 cm) and NPK fertilizers (0, 60:40:40, 80:60:60, 100:80:80 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1). Results indicated that total input energy requirements in various treatments ranged from 16784.72 MJ ha-1 in 90 x 75 cm spacing without NPK fertilizers to 24395.04 MJ ha-1 in case of 75 x 60 cm spacing with NPK at 100:80:80 kg ha-1. Irrespective of agronomic manipulations, share of non-renewable energy in total input energy was very high (64.56%) and the percentage proportions of direct and indirect energies in the total input energy were 75.56 and 24.13%, respectively. Among various inputs, diesel accounted for the greatest proportion (40.44%) of total input energy, followed by water (32%), fertilizers (19.28%) and these three inputs constituted 92.08% of total input energy. Crop raised at 75 x 60 cm spacing with NPK at 100:80:80 kg ha-1 resulted the highest output energy (80863 MJ ha-1), net energy return (56529.91 MJ ha-1) and energy use efficiency (3.22); however, the results obtained at 75 x 60 cm spacing with NPK at 100:80:80 kg ha-1 were comparable. The best energy productivity (0.43) was achieved with 75 x 75 cm spacing and 100:80:80 kg NPK ha-1.
... In fact, the cape gooseberry became the second fresh fruit exported after bananas [17]. Cape gooseberry is considered an exotic tropical fruit, being preferred for its flavor, appearance and nutritional quality (e.g., good contents of vitamin A, C, phosphorus, and fiber), and other health benefits related to the presence of some phytochemicals (e.g., phytosterols, polyphenols, fisalins, and withanolides) [18,19]. Indeed, some studies described the hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties of goldenberry fruits, among others [20,21]. ...
... In this way, a series of complex metabolic processes are triggered and involved different biological activities such as reducing agents, donors of hydrogen atoms and/or electrons and free radical scavengers [56,57]. The abundance and/or diversity of phenolic compounds varies according to the plant growth stage, being prominent when the plant reached a certain maturity level [19] since this is a way of responding against biotic and abiotic stresses such as toxic levels of salt [1]. Under a condition without abiotic stress, plants have a metabolic heritage in the reproductive stage. ...
Colombia is the main producer of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), a plant known for its various consumption practices and medicinal properties. This plant is generally grown in eroded soils and is considered moderately tolerant to unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient-poor soils or high salt concentrations. Most studies conducted on this plant focus on fruit production and composition because it is the target product, but a small number of studies have been conducted to describe the effect of abiotic stress, e.g., salt stress, on growth and biochemical responses. In order to better understand the mechanism of inherent tolerance of this plant facing salt stress, the present study was conducted to determine the metabolic and growth differences of P. peruviana plants at three different BBCH-based growth substages, varying salt conditions. Hence, plants were independently treated with two NaCl solutions, and growth parameters and LC-ESI-MS-derived semi-quantitative levels of metabolites were then measured and compared between salt treatments per growth substage. A 90 mM NaCl treatment caused the greatest effect on plants, provoking low growth and particular metabolite variations. The treatment discrimination-driving feature classification suggested that glycosylated flavonols increased under 30 mM NaCl at 209 substages, withanolides decreased under 90 mM NaCl at 603 and 703 substages, and up-regulation of a free flavonol at all selected stages can be considered a salt stress response. Findings locate such response into a metabolic context and afford some insights into the plant response associated with antioxidant compound up-regulation.
... In fact, the golden berry has recently been labeled a "superfruit", a fruit with potential health-enhancing effects (Kupska et al., 2016), and there is increasing interest in its various unique nutritional constituents. Numerous reviews on the chemical composition and potential functional properties of golden berries have been conducted within the last decade (Puente et al., 2011;Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016;Ramadan, 2011;Kasali et al., 2021Kasali et al., , 2021Puente et al., 2019;Ramadan, 2019). In summary, the fruit stands out for its content of withanolides, sucrose esters and terpenoids, three emblematic compounds of the Physalis species. ...
... Cape gooseberry (CG), also known in English as "Peruvian ground cherry" or "goldenberry", and in Spanish as "uchuva", "aguaymanto" or "tomatillo", is the fruit of the plant Physalis peruviana L. (Fischer et al., 2011). Traditionally, CG fruit is consumed in natura because of its higher content of provitamin A (648 -5000 IU), vitamin C (11 -43 mg 100 g − 1 FW), fiber (2.9 -4.9%), minerals such as iron (1.1 -1.7 mg 100 g − 1 FW) and phosphorus (21 -39 mg 100 g − 1 FW), alkaloids, flavonoids and β-carotene (up to 2.0 mg.100 g − 1 FW) (Fischer et al., 1999(Fischer et al., , 2011Muniz et al., 2014;Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016). Colombia is the main producer and exporter of CG in the world, but in the last years, Peru has become one of the main producers. ...
... The fruit is a berry contained in a shell called a calyx. The fruit has a diameter between 1.25 and 2.50 cm, an average weight of 4-10 g, a smooth, waxy, orange-yellow skin, and juicy pulp containing numerous small seeds [1]. Its production extends throughout the South American Andes. ...
Goldenberry has great potential for the development of high-quality products due to its attractive sensory attributes, bioactive compounds, and health benefits. However, postharvest losses are high due to the lack of processing technologies that can both be adapted to rural conditions in producing countries to generate high-quality products. Flash vacuum expansion coupled with vacuum pulping is a new process that can meet these requirements. In the process, the steam holding time (30, 40, and 50 s/130 kPa) and flash vacuum expansion (5 ± 1.2 kPa) were studied. The logarithmic reduction of microbial load and some quality indicators were analyzed during the process and during storage to assess the shelf life of fruit purées. The FVE process with 40 s steam blanching led to a microbial reduction of over 6 log colony forming units (CFU)/g, increased yield and β-carotene content, and preserved most of the AA content (4–12%). Based on the half-lives of the quality indicators, the shelf life of the purées was between 16 d (20 °C) and 90 d (4 °C). The energy consumption was estimated at approximately 0.30 kWh/kg of product. These results demonstrate that the FVE process, although it includes heat treatment, allows a short exposure to heat of the whole fruits to obtain a high-quality puree with an adequate shelf life in a single step, with a relatively low equipment investment and moderate energy consumption.
... Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a subtropical quick growing herbaceous, semi-shrub, upright perennial plant in the Solanaceae family and genus Physalis [36]. Cape gooseberry is a climacteric fruit grown in many countries over the world and is known by different names Poha berry, Peruvian Ground berry, Uvilla, and Rashbhari [13]. ...
In the present investigation, the cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) was preserved by the application of
osmotic dehydration (sugar solution) with ultrasonication. The experiments were planned based on central
composite circumscribed design with four independent variables and four dependent variables, which yielded 30
experimental runs. The four independent variables used were ultrasonication power (XP) with a range of
100–500 W, immersion time (XT ) in the range of 30–55 min, solvent concentration (XC ) of 45–65 % and solid to
solvent ratio (XS) with range 1:6–1:14 w/w. The effect of these process parameters on the responses weight loss
(YW ), solid gain (YS), change in color (YC ) and water activity (YA ) of ultrasound assisted osmotic dehydration
(UOD) cape gooseberry was studied by using response surface methodology (RSM) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy
inference system (ANFIS). The second order polynomial equation successfully modeled the data with an
average coefficient of determination (R2 ) was found to be 0.964 for RSM. While for the ANFIS modeling,
Gaussian type membership function (MF) and linear type MF was used for the input and output, respectively. The
ANFIS model formed after 500 epochs and trained by hybrid model was found to have average R2 value of 0.998.
On comparing the R2 value the ANFIS model found to be superior over RSM in predicting the responses of the
UOD cape gooseberry process. So, the ANFIS was integrated with a genetic algorithm (GA) for optimization with
the aim of maximum YW and minimum YS, YC and YA. Depending on the higher fitness value of 3.4, the in-
tegrated ANFIS-GA picked the ideal combination of independent variables and was found to be XP of 282.434 W,
XT of 50.280 min, XC of 55.836 % and XS of 9.250 w/w. The predicted and experimental values of response at
optimum condition predicted by integrated ANN-GA were in close agreement, which was evident by the relative
deviation less than 7%
... P. peruviana, is an ovoid, orangish-yellow berry containing between 150 and 300 lenticular-shaped flat seeds [14]. In Peru, it is known as aguaymanto or capulí [37]; in other countries, other common names such as uchuva, golden berry, Inca cherry, Peruvian cherry, Physalis, ras-bhari, cape gooseberry, uvilla, topotopo, harankash, amur en cage, and pokpokare are used [26]. It is consumed fresh, dehydrated, as frozen pulp, liquid extract, or as jam or honey [37]. ...
Background:
Physalis peruviana L. fruit contains nutritional and bioactive compounds of immense importance to public health and represents a potential ingredient for the development of functional foods and beverages.
Objective:
This study aimed to determine the chemical and nutritional composition as well as the antioxidant capacity of the P. peruviana L. fruit grown in Peru in three areas of the Central Andean region.
Material and methods:
Proximal and physicochemical analyses and estimation of mineral content, vitamin C, total carotenoids, total polyphenols, and antioxidant capacity (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] and 2, 2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) [ABTS] assays) were performed using standardized methods.
Results:
The fruits were collected from three regions of the Peruvian Andes (Ancash, Cajamarca, and Cusco). The results showed that the content of potassium (306.54-327.60 mg/100 g) and iron (12.93-14.47 mg/kg) was prominent. The Physalis fruit had high levels of vitamin C (47.20-52.20 mg/100 g), total polyphenols (68.17-83.40 mg equivalents of gallic acid/100 g), and carotenoids (1.12-1.73 mg β-carotene/100 g). Higher values for antioxidant capacity were obtained with the ABTS method (896-1003.33 μmol Trolox/100 g) than with the DPPH method (290-309 μmol Trolox/100 g).
Conclusions:
This study confirms that the P. peruviana fruit has properties that could provide important health benefits and that it could be used for the development of functional foods and food supplement.
... Its apoptotic properties have also been demonstrated in breast cancer cells and ovarian cancer cells [50,51]. Either way, other phenolics in APB components were described [52]: reported rutin and catechin as mainly components in raspberry [53]; found ellagic acid, ellagic acid glucoside, p-coumaroylglucose, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, kaempferol 3-glucoside, and kaempferol 3-glucuronid in strawberries [54]; identified more than 57 phenolic compounds in different strawberry varieties, including some of those reported in this work, such as procyanidin B1, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin, and quercetin; and [55,56]reported in cape gooseberry phenolics such as quercetin, rutin, epicatechin, quercetin, catechin, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, gallic acid, naringenin, and apigenin. ...
Berry consumption is increasing worldwide due to their high content of bioactive compounds. However, such fruits have a very short shelf life. To avoid this drawback and to offer an effective alternative for its consumption at any time of the year, an agglomerated berry powder mix (APB) was developed. The aim of this work was to evaluate the stability of APB during a 6-months-period storage at 3 temperatures. The stability of APB was determined by moisture, aw, antioxidant activity, total phenolics, total anthocyanins, vitamin C, color, phenolic profiles, and MTT assay. APB showed differences in antioxidant activity between 0 and 6 months. It experimented non-enzymatic browning, which was more remarkable at 35 °C. APB at time 0 exhibited growth inhibitory effects against HT-29 human cancer cells. Most properties were significantly modified by storage temperature and time, which induces a significant decreasing of bioactive compounds.
... Hypercholesterolemia has been known to disturb the oxidant-pro-oxidant balance and reduce the efficacy of the antioxidant protection system, leading to tissue damage and frequently correlated with the evolution and development of atherogenesis [39]. Lipid peroxidation is an oxidative modification of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cell layers that produces several degeneration products. ...
Quinoa is a nutrient-dense food that lowers chronic disease risk. This study evaluated the physicochemical and sensory qualities of fermented camel milk with 1, 2, 3, and 4% quinoa. The results showed that improvement in camel’s milk increased the total solids, protein, ash, fiber, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity more effectively. Fermented camel milk with 3% of quinoa flour exhibited the highest sensory characteristics compared to other treatments. Fermented camel milk enriched with 3% red quinoa flour was studied in obese rats. Forty male Wistar rats were separated into five groups: the first group served as a normal control, while groups 2–4 were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HF)-diet and given 2 mL/day of fermented milk and quinoa aqueous extract. Blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, and urea levels decreased dramatically in comparison to the positive control group, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL), albumin, and total protein concentrations increased significantly. Fortified fermented camel milk decreased the number of giant adipocytes while increasing the number of tiny adipocytes in the body. The results showed that the liver and renal functions of hypercholesterolemic rats were enhanced by consuming fermented milk and quinoa. These results demonstrated the ability of quinoa and camel milk to protect rats from oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms behind the metabolic effects of fermented camel milk and quinoa.
... Catechin formation may also occur from another compound, or even degradation and epimerization, depending on the temperature used (Olivares-Tenorio, Verkerk, Boekel, and Dekker, 2017). Relative stability to certain phytochemicals to processing suggest an opportunity to add value to supply chain with processed food containing health-promoting compounds (Olivares-Tenorio, Dekker, Verkerk, and Boekel, 2016). In samples of fresh fruits of P. peruviana cultivated in Colombia, several flavonoids were identified (catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercetin dihydrate, myricetin and kaempferol), however, after heat treatment, only catechin and epicatechin were quantified (Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2017). ...
Goldenberry is rich in phenolic compounds; however, no study has been carried out to assess its potential in meat products. The objective of the research was to characterize goldenberry (Physalis peruviana) fruits and flour and investigate its effect on the quality of Bologna-type mortadella, before and after in vitro digestion. Five treatments were performed: without antioxidant, with sodium erythorbate, and with three levels of goldenberry flour. The phenolic profile analysed by LC-MS/MS quantified 10 compounds in the fruit and 23 in the flour. Goldenberry flour did not affect the centesimal composition of the mortadella, but it had an effect on pH, hardness (texture profile) and color, as well as reduced lipid oxidation (peroxide value and TBARS) for 90 days. There was also an increase (P < 0.05) in the antioxidant activity and in the content of phenolic compounds after in vitro digestion. Thus, goldenberry flour can be used as a natural antioxidant to replace sodium erythorbate in Bologna-type mortadella.
... Hypercholesterolemia has been known to disturb the oxidant-pro-oxidant balance and reduce the efficacy of the antioxidant protection system, leading to tissue damage and frequently correlated with the evolution and development of atherogenesis [39]. Lipid peroxidation is an oxidative modification of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cell layers that produces several degeneration products. ...
Quinoa is a nutrient-dense food that lowers chronic disease risk. This study evaluated the physicochemical and sensory qualities of fermented camel milk with 1, 2, 3, and 4% quinoa. The results showed that improvement in camel’s milk increased the total solids, protein, ash, fiber, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity more effectively. Fermented camel milk with 3% of quinoa flour exhibited the highest sensory characteristics compared to other treatments. Fermented camel milk enriched with 3% red quinoa flour was studied in obese rats. Forty male Wistar rats were separated into five groups: the first group served as normal control, while groups 2–4 were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HF)-diet and given 2 mL/day of fermented milk and quinoa aqueous extract. Blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, and urea levels decreased dramatically in comparison to the positive control group, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL), albumin, and total protein concentrations increased significantly. Fortified fermented camel milk decreased the number of giant adipocytes while increasing the number of tiny adipocytes in the body. The results showed that the liver and renal functions of hypercholesterolemic rats were enhanced by consuming fermented milk and quinoa. These results demonstrated the ability of quinoa and camel milk to protect rats from oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms behind the metabolic effects of fermented camel milk and quinoa.
... Physalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae), commonly known as golden berry, is a tropical fruit of high commercial value in some Latin American and African countries (Kumagai et al., 2021). Golden berries are a source of dietary fiber, sugars (sucrose and fructose), vitamins A, C, and B 3 (El-Beltagi et al., 2019;Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016;Ramadan, 2011) and fatty acids, including linoleic, oleic, palmitic, γ-linolenic and palmitoleic acids (Ramadan, 2011). In addition, golden berries contain significant amounts of bioactive compounds including phenolic acids such as hydroxybenzoic, gallic, vanillic, syringic, p-coumaric, and salicylic acids; flavonoids such as kaempferol, quercetin, naringenin, and myricetin; stilbenes such as resveratrol (Lotz & Spangenberg, 2016), tannins, carotenoids (Yu et al., 2019), saponins, and sucrose esters (Bernal et al., 2018); phytosterols such as campesterol, Δ5-avenasterol, and β-sitosterol (Ramadan & Mörsel, 2003); withanolides such as withaperuvins, phyperunolides and physalactones (Fang et al., 2012;Huang et al., 2020); and alkaloids such as calistegins A3 and B2 (Asano et al., 1997;El-Beltagi et al., 2019). ...
Golden berry (Physalis peruviana) is a tropical fruit rich in antioxidants that has been proposed to be able to control the lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic patients. Dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. The gut microbiota is strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk and is involved in redox balance, intestinal permeability, and inflammation. However, the impacts of golden berry on some of these factors, including the human gut microbiota, have never been tested, and there are no tools for compliance monitoring or dietary intake assessment regarding nutritional interventions with this fruit. In the pre-post quasi-experimental nutritional intervention presented here, 18 adult men (27-49 years old) consumed golden berries (Dorada variety) for three weeks. We evaluated putative biomarkers of exposure through an untargeted metabolomics approach (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry LC-MS), quantified the biomarkers of oxidative stress, gut permeability, and inflammation in plasma, and assessed the effects of fruit intake on the gut microbiota through 16S rRNA gene sequencing of feces (Illumina MiSeq V2). First, syringic acid and kaempferol were identified as putative biomarkers of golden berry consumption. Intervention with this fruit promoted physiological changes in the participants after three weeks, reducing the level of the oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane (-148 pg/ml; 36.1%; p = 0.057) and slightly altering gut permeability by increasing the plasma levels of LBP (2.91 µg/ml; 54.6%; p = 0.0005) and I-FABP (0.15, 14.7%, p = 0.04) without inducing significant inflammation; i.e., the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 changed by 0.7 (2.0%), -4.0 (-9.6%) and -0.4 (-1.8%) pg/ml, respectively. Notably, the consumption of golden berries did not affect the gut microbiota of the individuals consistently but instead shifted it in a personalized manner. The compositions of the gut microbiota of a given individual at the end of intervention and one month after the end of intervention were statistically more similar to their own baseline than to a corresponding sample from a different individual. This intervention identified putative biomarkers of golden berry intake along with potential benefits of its consumption relevant to cardiometabolic disease risk reduction. Golden berries are likely to positively modulate redox balance, although this effect must be proven in a future controlled clinical trial.
... The fruit is a berry contained in a shell called a calyx. The fruit has a diameter between 1.25 and 2.50 cm, an average weight of 4 to 10 g, a smooth, waxy, orange-yellow skin and a juicy pulp containing numerous small seeds (Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016). Its production extends throughout the South American Andes. ...
... The best improvement after treatment was observed in the group that consumed the yogurt drink containing 20% golden berry juice, which may be due to the general chemical composition of golden berry juice, which has antiproliferative effects on hepatoma cells [57], antihepatotoxic effects [58], antioxidant activity [25], and antiinflammatory activity [59]. The hepatoprotective effect may be attributed to the presence of ascorbic acid and phenolic components, such as chlorogenic, ferulic, caffeic, gallic, and p-coumaric acids, as well as flavonoids, such as kaempferol, catechin, epicatechin rutin, myricetin, and quercetin [27,60], which are well-known hepatoprotective agents [60]. The first indication of the liver damage caused by CCl 4 can be obtained by assessing ALT, AST, ALP, and γ-GT levels, as these enzymes are upregulated in cytotoxic liver injury and cholestasis. ...
Fermented dairy products have been associated with multiple health benefits. The present study aimed to produce a functional yogurt drink fortified with golden berry juice and assess its therapeutic effect on hepatitis rats. Thirty male albino rats were randomly divided into two major groups. The first group included the control (-) animals (six rats) and was fed a standard diet, whereas the second group included 24 rats that were fed a standard diet and injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 2 weeks to trigger chronic damage of the liver (hepatitis); they were then divided into four groups (six rats/group): Group 2: hepatitis, fed on a standard diet as a positive control group; Group 3: received a basal diet with 5 mL of the yogurt drink; Group 4: received a basal diet with 5 mL of the yogurt drink fortified with 10% golden berry juice. Group 5: received a basal diet with 5 mL of the yogurt drink fortified with 20% golden berry juice. Various biological parameters were determined. Yogurt drink treatments were evaluated for their chemical, phytochemical, and sensory properties, as well as for their effects on hepatoprotective activity by determining various biochemical parameters. We found that the yogurt drinks containing golden berry juice exhibited no significant differences in fat, protein, and ash content compared with the control samples. Moreover, the yogurt drinks containing golden berry juice exhibited the highest content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic scores among all treatments. In addition, rats fed on a diet fortified with yogurt drinks containing golden berry juice for 8 weeks exhibited higher potential hepatoprotective effects compared with the liver injury control group. This improvement was partly observed in the group that received the yogurt drink containing golden berry juice. Therefore, we concluded that golden berry juice can be recommended as a natural additive in the manufacture of functional yogurt drinks, as it showed a potential hepatoprotective effect in rats with hepatitis.
... The cape gooseberry pulp represents approximately 73.6% of the total weight of the fruit; while the seeds and skin are 27.4% (Ramadan & Morsel, 2003), the latter is little used in production systems (Ramadan et al., 2008). The fruit is consumed naturally in salads, jams, and juices and is an excellent source of vitamin A and C. It also has significant amounts of B complex vitamins (thiamine, niacin, and vitamin B 12 ) and high protein and phosphorus levels (Olivares et al., 2016). On the other hand, it contains antioxidant compounds such as tocopherols and carotenoids. ...
The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of the enzymatic process on the physicochemical stability of a colloidal system based on cape gooseberry pulp, skin, and seeds (CSCG). The pulp, seed, and skin mixture were homogenized by shearing in a rotor-stator system at 10,000 rpm. A completely randomized factorial design was used, considering the independent variables: Viscozyme® L enzyme concentration [Enzyme] (50, 125, and 200 ppm) and hydrolysis time (HT) (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes), and the dependent variables: viscosity (µ), zeta potential (ζ), particle size (percentiles D10, D50, and D90), spectral absorption index (R). Both independent variables had a significant impact on the process. [Enzyme] affected mainly μ, D50, D90, and R and HT affected μ and D10. The optimization of the formulation was performed under the criterion of obtaining a CSCG with higher physicochemical stability. The optimization showed desirability of 74.2% with [Enzyme] at 78.5 ppm and HT of 120 minutes. The dependent variables obtained experimentally were: µ = 371.3 ± 242 cP, ζ = -21.8 ± 0.3 mV, D10 = 3.5 ± 0.3 µm, D50 = 135 ± 3.6 µm, D90 = 565.7 ± 25.5 µm, and R = 0.655 ± 0.007. The integration of homogenization processes and enzymatic treatments contributed to obtaining a physicochemical stable colloidal system based on cape gooseberry pulp, skin, and seeds.
... Some of the secondary metabolites in Physalis fruits and plants render them commercially valuable, and many such compounds have antibacterial, antiinflammatory, and anticancer activities that are useful in medical applications. The whole herb of Physalis is used in traditional medicine to treat fever, diabetes, pharyngitis, boils, coughs, and mastitis [20][21][22] . Fruits, including the fruiting calyces of a few Physalis species, often have curative and culinary uses 1,23 , and berries are used as both medicine and food. ...
The fruits of Physalis (Solanaceae) have a unique structure, a lantern-like fruiting calyx known as inflated calyx syndrome (ICS) or the Chinese lantern, and are rich in steroid-related compounds. However, the genetic variations underlying the origin of these characteristic traits and diversity in Physalis remain largely unknown. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome assembly of Physalis floridana (~1.40 Gb in size) with a contig N50 of ~4.87 Mb. Through evolutionary genomics and experimental approaches, we found that the loss of the SEP -like MADS-box gene MBP21 subclade is likely a key mutation that, together with the previously revealed mutation affecting floral MPF2 expression, might have contributed to the origination of ICS in Physaleae, suggesting that the origination of a morphological novelty may have resulted from an evolutionary scenario in which one mutation compensated for another deleterious mutation. Moreover, the significant expansion of squalene epoxidase genes is potentially associated with the natural variation of steroid-related compounds in Physalis fruits. The results reveal the importance of gene gains (duplication) and/or subsequent losses as genetic bases of the evolution of distinct fruit traits, and the data serve as a valuable resource for the evolutionary genetics and breeding of solanaceous crops.
... Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana; PP) is a potential candidate for elaborating original functional foods because of its nutritional properties and biologically active components. In particular, the pulp is a good source of provitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B complex, phenolic compounds, and various minerals of nutritional importance [4][5][6][7]. The chemical composition of P. peruviana fruit extract has indicated the presence of different chemical compounds, such as saponins, withanolides, peruvioses, irinians, kaempferol, and quercetin di-and tri-glycosides [8][9][10], some of which have demonstrated antioxidant [11], hypoglycemic [12], and anticancer activities [13,14]. ...
Physalis peruviana L. belongs to the Solanaceae family and produces a spherical fruit used to treat various diseases. However, the chemical composition, nutritional characterization, and bioactive properties of the P. peruviana growing in the Andean region of the Atacama Desert have not been conducted so far. The results showed clear differences in the nutritional and bioactive characteristics of the fruits grown in arid environmental conditions, which were comparable to those from countries with a production tradition. The fruits studied showed a higher Ca, Cu, Mn, P, and Zn content and bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and tannins than those reported in the literature. UHPLC was performed to determine the main phenols. Gallic acid was identified as the predominant phenolic compound in this species (303.63 mg/100 g FW), of which to our knowledge no previous study has reported similar concentrations in this species. Moreover, Cape gooseberry extract has antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Pseudomonas syringae (MIC 0.313 mg/mL and MBC 1.25 mg/mL) was the most susceptible bacterium. Meanwhile, Erwinia rhapontici was the most resistant bacterium (MIC and MIB 5.00 mg/mL). Furthermore, it was found to inhibit α-amylase activity with an IC50 value (39.28 μg/mL) similar to that of acarbose (35.74 μg/mL). These results expand the knowledge of the species cultivated in arid environmental conditions and suggest an alternative for the potential use of this fruit to manage chronic diseases such as diabetes.
... and Iron (1.24 mg per 100 g of pulp) (Leterme et al., 2006;Puente et al., 2011), and provide a medium to low level of Sodium (6 mg per 100 g of pulp), Calcium (28 mg per 100 g of pulp), Magnesium (19 mg per 100 g of pulp), Phosphorus (55 mg per 100 g of pulp), and Zinc (0.40 mg per 100 g of pulp) (Puente et al., 2011). In addition, the presence of vitamins such as vitamin C, E, B3, and B6; provitamin A; polyphenols, carotenoids, withanolides and physalins A, B, D, and F has been reported in the pulp, and their presence has been linked to promoting consumer health benefits (Etzbach et al., 2018;Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016;Puente et al., 2011). As a consequence, this crop has received increased interest worldwide, thus, increasing its demand in different countries, such as the Netherlands, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Spain, Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, United States, Italy, and Brazil (Fischer et al., 2011). ...
This study aimed to determine an alternative to extend the shelf life of goldenberries by using an edible ulluco starch‐based coating (USBC). For this purpose, USBC were prepared at different starch concentrations, namely S1 (2.0% w/v), S2 (2.5% w/v) and S3 (3.0% w/v). Then, ripe goldenberries were divided into four groups and coated with S1, S2, S3 and water as a control thus obtaining the S1G, S2G and SG3 groups. The coated fruits were stored and analyzed regarding physicochemical and microbiological parameters. Results demonstrated that the use of the USBC did not affect sugar and total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), and color in the fruits. Moreover, a reduction in respiration rate and water loss as well as an improvement in fruit firmness were observed. Microbiological analysis revealed that the coating delayed the growth of microorganisms by at least one week. The use of ulluco starch for edible coating preparation is a potential alternative for the improvement of the shelf life of goldenberries, and it can be a strategy to add value to the ulluco crop.
... ible byproduct and represents 5% of the weight of fresh fruit (Ballesteros-Vivas et al., 2019). Colombia is the largest producer in the world, followed by South Africa (Bazana et al., 2019), countries that export fruit to other countries such as the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, and the United States (Marchioretto et al., 2020;M.-L. Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016). In Colombia, the fruit of P. peruviana has a fifth place in export fruits (Minagricultura, 2019). Currently, the market requires the commercialization of fruit without calyx, which reduces the shelf life of the fruits. ...
Physalis peruviana is marketed without its calyx, which generates byproducts and a decrease in the shelf life of these fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of edible pectin-coatings reinforced with nanocellulose from calyx on the physical-chemical and physiological parameters of P. peruviana fruits during refrigerated storage (5 °C) for ten days. The nanocellulose extraction was carried out using a combined extraction method (chemical procedures and ultrasound radiation). The characterization of the fibers showed that the maximum degradation temperatures ranged between 300 and 311 °C. The SEM analysis revealed the presence of fibers after the chemical treatment. The removal of lignin and hemicellulose was validated using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the fruits treated with pectin and pectin reinforced with nanocellulose at 0.5 % (w/w) had an adequate visual appearance and showed a minor color change (ΔE of 19.04 and 21.04, respectively) and the highest retention of L∗ during storage. Although the addition of nanocellulose at 0.5% presented the lowest respiratory rate (29.60 mgCO2/kg h), the treatment with pectin offered the least weight loss and showed the highest firmness retention at the end of storage. Thus, the edible pectin-coating may be useful for improving the postharvest quality and storage life of fresh P. peruviana fruit. Nanocellulose from P. peruviana calyces can be used under the concept of a circular economy; although, its use as a reinforcement of pectin showed some limitations.
... Golden berry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a fruit of high commercial importance in some African and Latin American countries, where it is locally consumed and often exported to northern markets, mainly Europe and the US [1]. The traditional pharmacopoeia is relatively extensive concerning the potential health benefits of the berry, although it concerns mostly the use of calyces [2]. ...
Purpose:
Golden berry (Physalis peruviana L.) is an exotic fruit exported from Colombia to different countries around the world. A review of the literature tends to demonstrate a hypoglycaemic effect with an improvement in insulin sensitivity after oral ingestion of fruit extracts in animal models. However, little is known about their potential effects in humans, and very little is known about the mechanisms involved. This study aimed at identifying discriminant metabolites after acute and chronic intake of golden berry.
Method:
An untargeted metabolomics strategy using high-performance chemical isotope-labelling LC-MS was applied. The blood samples of eighteen healthy adults were analysed at baseline, at 6 h after the intake of 250 g of golden berry (acute intervention), and after 19 days of daily consumption of 150 g (medium-term intervention).
Results:
Forty-nine and 36 discriminant metabolites were identified with high confidence, respectively, after the acute and medium-term interventions. Taking into account up- and downregulated metabolites, three biological networks mainly involving insulin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) were identified.
Conclusions:
The biological intracellular networks identified are highly interconnected with the insulin signalling pathway, showing that berry intake may be associated with insulin signalling, which could reduce some risk factors related to metabolic syndrome. Primary registry of WHO.
... Mass product ions (m/z) fragments for caffeic acid (b) were identified as 151, 135, 122, and 107. [17] Fragments of caffeic acid are represented as 151 (-OOH), 135 (-COOH), 122 (-CH COOH), and 107 (refer to dihydroxy benzene ring fragment). On the other side, mass product ions (m/z) fragments for ferulic acid (d) were identified as 178, 134, and 106. ...
... Contenido nutricional general en la uchuva La planta de uchuva tiene grandes propiedades nutricionales, tanto sus hojas como frutos han sido estudiados ampliamente con el fin de identificar los compuestos que presentan beneficios para la salud, como, por ejemplo, propiedades antiinflamatorias, hipoglicémicas, antihepatotóxicas, antioxidantes y purificadoras de la sangre, las cuales se le atribuyen a la alta concentración de polifenoles, carotenos, vitamina c, vitamina e y vitaminas del complejo b [13], entre otros compuestos con actividad biológica, como β-carotenos, catequinas y epicatequinas [14], ácido cafeico, gálico, clorogénico, ferúlico y p-cumárico, flavonoides tales como quercetinas, rutina, myricetina y kaempferol, y alta actividad antioxidante [15]. ...
La uchuva es catalogada como fruta exótica y altamente apreciada en el mercado exte- rior por su sabor y color, además, por su alta actividad antioxidante y contenido fenólico, lo cual ha sido demostrado en diversas investigaciones. Su versatilidad de uso le otorga una mayor importancia, pues la industria alimentaria ha utilizado la uchuva en diferentes productos, tales como bebidas, postres, yogures y mermeladas. Dada la creciente popularidad de esta fruta, es importante tener una referencia integral de sus beneficios nutricionales y de su transformación. Esta revisión proporciona una visión general de los compuestos nutricionales y bioactivos presentes en la uchuva, al igual que de las investigaciones que se han llevado a cabo para su transformación y procesamiento. La revisión se realizó mediante la consulta de artículos científicos de investigaciones realizadas a nivel mundial, indexados en bases de datos como Elsiever, Spingerlink y Taylor & Francis durante los últimos veinte años. Se determinó que la uchuva es una fuente de diversos compuestos que a nivel nutricional y farmacéutico representan grandes beneficios para la salud; sin embargo, estos se pueden ver afectados por el tratamiento de conservación que se aplique. Se han realizado múltiples estudios que han permitido conservar los compuestos de interés biológico en la uchuva y aumentar su vida útil.
... (Castro S anchez et al., 2014;MADR, UNAL, CORPOICA, 2009). The fruit contains relevant contents of certain vitamins and antioxidants(Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016) making it an interesting product for European consumers interested in healthy diets. ...
Purpose-In this paper, a conceptual and methodological framework based on empirical evidence derived from the case of the Colombian Cape gooseberry (CG) supply chain is presented. Using this case study, this paper aims to contribute to the extant literature on the internationalization of food supply chains by explicitly considering the alignment of quality attributes and supply chain complexity as key elements to understand the process. Design/methodology/approach-This research has been designed to be qualitative, inductive and exploratory, thus involving multiple data gathering methods and tools. More specifically, during the first stage of the empirical analysis, this study has mapped and analysed preferences and perceptions of product quality at both the consumer and supply chain levels. Then, this paper has analysed the degree of alignment and complexity in the supply chain and finally, this study has derived scenarios for the internationalization of the supply chain. Findings-The results indicate tensions between supply chain actors related to quality attribute alignment and complexity, which have the potentials to impact the internationalization scenarios of the CG supply chain. Particularly the findings highlight how alignment and complexity of sourcing and product quality attributes can affect supply chain design strategies in different internationalization pathways of a niche food commodity. Research limitations/implications-The findings have implications in terms of supply chain design perspectives. In fact, while an approach, which would consider only a transactional or governance perspective would have tackled the problems of misalignment-for example, between farmers and wholesalers or wholesalers and international traders/retailers-it would have ignored the problem of alignment caused at the retailing and consumption stage. In the attempt to internationalize the CG supply chain, farmers, processors and traders are misaligned in relation to the preferences of the targeted final consumers, Dutch/Western European consumers in the case. Practical implications-Given the misalignment issues, this paper identifies a step by step approach as the most suitable pathway to design an internationalized supply chain because it allows the CG commodity supply chain to develop the potential market of credence quality-attribute by supporting the health-promoting compounds of the fruit. In this way, the CG supply chain could also progressively scale up and work on solving its misalignment issues by building a coordination structure of the chain, with quality control and logistics likely led by large retailers. Social implications-The study indicates that a process of internalization related to a scenario of a "globalized commodity" can only emerge through processes of coordination and integration at the production level, likely led by forms of producers (farmers) associations or a network of producers and traders, leading to strong marketing activities and scale up in terms of volumes. This has profound social implications and calls for rethinking how this study designs the internationalization of niche commodity supply chains. Originality/value-Through the application of a mixed methodology approach, in which conceptual, qualitative and quantitative methods have been combined, this paper has been able to identify alternative scenarios to the internationalization and the scale-up of a niche food commodity supply chain, with implications for its design and governance. More specifically in the conceptual model, the different scenarios have been related to the risk of misalignment. The model also identifies alternative pathways of internationalization which may or may not arise according to the way complexity unfolds. In the approach, this study has unpacked complexity by looking into two key dimensions: transactional complexity and quality-attribute complexity.
... (Castro S anchez et al., 2014;MADR, UNAL, CORPOICA, 2009). The fruit contains relevant contents of certain vitamins and antioxidants(Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016) making it an interesting product for European consumers interested in healthy diets. ...
Purpose
In this paper, a conceptual and methodological framework based on empirical evidence derived from the case of the Colombian Cape gooseberry (CG) supply chain is presented. Using this case study, this paper aims to contribute to the extant literature on the internationalization of food supply chains by explicitly considering the alignment of quality attributes and supply chain complexity as key elements to understand the process.
Design/methodology/approach
This research has been designed to be qualitative, inductive and exploratory, thus involving multiple data gathering methods and tools. More specifically, during the first stage of the empirical analysis, this study has mapped and analysed preferences and perceptions of product quality at both the consumer and supply chain levels. Then, this paper has analysed the degree of alignment and complexity in the supply chain and finally, this study has derived scenarios for the internationalization of the supply chain.
Findings
The results indicate tensions between supply chain actors related to quality attribute alignment and complexity, which have the potentials to impact the internationalization scenarios of the CG supply chain. Particularly the findings highlight how alignment and complexity of sourcing and product quality attributes can affect supply chain design strategies in different internationalization pathways of a niche food commodity.
Research limitations/implications
The findings have implications in terms of supply chain design perspectives. In fact, while an approach, which would consider only a transactional or governance perspective would have tackled the problems of misalignment – for example, between farmers and wholesalers or wholesalers and international traders/retailers – it would have ignored the problem of alignment caused at the retailing and consumption stage. In the attempt to internationalize the CG supply chain, farmers, processors and traders are misaligned in relation to the preferences of the targeted final consumers, Dutch/Western European consumers in the case.
Practical implications
Given the misalignment issues, this paper identifies a step by step approach as the most suitable pathway to design an internationalized supply chain because it allows the CG commodity supply chain to develop the potential market of credence quality-attribute by supporting the health-promoting compounds of the fruit. In this way, the CG supply chain could also progressively scale up and work on solving its misalignment issues by building a coordination structure of the chain, with quality control and logistics likely led by large retailers.
Social implications
The study indicates that a process of internalization related to a scenario of a “globalized commodity” can only emerge through processes of coordination and integration at the production level, likely led by forms of producers (farmers) associations or a network of producers and traders, leading to strong marketing activities and scale up in terms of volumes. This has profound social implications and calls for rethinking how this study designs the internationalization of niche commodity supply chains.
Originality/value
Through the application of a mixed methodology approach, in which conceptual, qualitative and quantitative methods have been combined, this paper has been able to identify alternative scenarios to the internationalization and the scale-up of a niche food commodity supply chain, with implications for its design and governance. More specifically in the conceptual model, the different scenarios have been related to the risk of misalignment. The model also identifies alternative pathways of internationalization which may or may not arise according to the way complexity unfolds. In the approach, this study has unpacked complexity by looking into two key dimensions: transactional complexity and quality-attribute complexity.
... The fungal isolates were cultured on CLA (Carnation Leaf Agar) at 25 °C for 15 days (Nelson et al. 1983). Mycelial growth was recorded, and the identification of ten fungal isolates was determined by observation of structures (size of macroconidia and microconidia, macroconidia septation, absence or presence of chlamydospores) and following the morphological descriptions of Leslie and Summerell (2006). ...
Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most devastating diseases that affect cape gooseberry plants. In order to contribute to its management, the objective of this work was to evaluate the plant activator acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) as a reducer of vascular wilt symptoms in cape gooseberry. Sixty-day-old plants were sprayed twice with eleven concentrations of ASM ranging from 10 to 200 mg L−1, respectively. The phytotoxic effect was assessed for a period of eight weeks. The appearance of symptoms such as stunting, a decrease in the shoot and roots dry weight, leaf malformation and defoliation was associated with the ASM concentration. The two lowest concentrations of ASM assessed (10 and 20 mg L−1) were selected to evaluate their effectiveness against F. oxysporum in greenhouse conditions. Both concentrations reduced vascular colonization and necrosis generated by seven isolates of F. oxysporum, and in consequence, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) decreased significantly during the eight weeks of evaluation. These results suggest that ASM induces resistance to F. oxysporum in cape gooseberry under greenhouse conditions.
... Generally, seedcakes of the CG-F genotype had relatively higher contents of the identified macro and microminerals when compared to the CG-P genotype. In view of the individual mineral composition, the current results were in good agreement with the previous findings, which indicated that CG fruit had a high K content, which is one of the important intracellular elements involved in physiological functions in the body (Puente et al., 2011;Olivares-Tenorio et al., 2016). For example, the K content in this study was very close to the values reported by Rodrigues et al. (2009) at 347 mg100 g -1 in whole fruit, Leterme et al. (2006) at 467 mg100 g -1 in fruit pulp, and Mokhtar et al. (2018) at 560 mg100 g -1 in seed/peel waste powder. ...
Physalis peruviana L. fruit (Cape gooseberry, CG) is a rich source of phytonutrients, including vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs), phytosterols, dietetic fibers, and others. The popularity and production areas of CG have been expanding worldwide, thus producing fruit with origin-substantiated differences in their nutrient composition.This study was based on the comparative assessment of 2 genotypes of CG produced in Bulgaria (CG-P and CG-F), through analysis of the lipid fraction of different fruit elements (seeds, peels), and further examination of the extracted seedcakes. The CG seeds reasonably yielded more oil (17.0%–22.2%) than the isolated peels (2.8%–2.9%). The main FAs in the CG-P seed oil were oleic (29.6%) and palmitic (20.6%), and in the CG-F seed oil were palmitic (20.9%) and stearic (17.5%). Both CG peel oils were dominated by palmitic acid (43.0%–60.2%), but there was a significant variation of some other FAs. The group of bioactive tocopherols was found exclusively in the oil extracted from the CG seeds, with no significant difference between the genotypes; β-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol were the most abundant. Waste from the oil extraction (the seedcakes) was found to contain high levels of macro and microminerals (K, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, and others), fiber (40.26%–47.62%), protein (13.73%–8.08%), and essential amino acids, with some genotype-based variations. The results demonstrated that, concerning the studied aspects of fruit composition, CG produced in Bulgaria was comparable to the fruit of other origins; hence, they might be of practical interest to national agricultural and food producers, as well as to the food industry on a wider basis, as new details are added to the knowledge about CG fruit. The outcomes from the examination of the CG seedcakes were in favor of their potential in human and animal nutrition, and might serve as grounds for the development of new products.
... O gênero Physalis contém várias espécies produtoras de frutos comestíveis de sabor azedo e adocicado (VARGAS-PONCE et al., 2016). A Goldenberry ou cape gooseberry é uma fruta exótica produzida pela espécie vegetal Physalis peruviana L., comumente comercializada como fruta fresca ou como produtos processados derivados como sucos, molhos, xaropes, geléias e salgadinhos (OLIVARES-TENORIO et al., 2016). Possui um alto valor agregado, podendo ser utilizada desde sua raiz até o fruto propriamente dito. ...
... Cape gooseberry (CGb), also known as goldenberry in the English-speaking countries, is the fruit of the plant Physalis piruviana L., belonging to the family Solanaceae. At the European markets it is used as a decoration in meals, salads, desserts and cakes, but it is also a suitable raw material for different products, such as juices, jams, pulps, dried fruits, etc. [11,12]. A recent research [11] emphasizes the beneficial effects of CGb fruits determined by their favorable nutritional composition and the presence of many biologically active compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, withanolides, physalins, etc. CGb is generally used and processed without the calyx (husk). ...
The aim of present study is to examine the performance of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) residues consisting of husks (CGH) and stalks (CGS-1 and CGS-2) in respect to removal of Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solutions. The characterization of the applied biosorbents is conducted by FT-IR analysis. Batch experiments are carried out and the effects of different adsorption process parameters are determined. Maximum removal efficiencies of 96.67 ± 0.57 %, 90.47 ± 0.46 % and 90.23 ± 0.25 % for CGH, CGS-1 and CGS-2, respectively, are obtained at pH = 2.0, an adsorbent dosage of 2 g L-1 , an initial Cr (VI) concentration of 10 mg L-1 , a temperature of 25.0 ± 0.5°C, an agitation speed of 200 rpm and a contact time of 60 min. The pseudo-second order model provides the best fit to the experimental kinetics data. The Langmuir and Freundlich models fit well the adsorption isotherms obtained. Based on the values determined for the maximum adsorption capacity, CGH (40.49 mg g-1) is found to have a better affinity for Cr (VI) ions than those of CGS-1 (20.79 mg g-1) and CGS-2 (20.70 mg g-1).
... Goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a horticultural crop widespread in the international market mainly for its nutritional value (ETZBACH et al., 2018). The worldwide interest in the consumption of goldenberry has increased during the last decade due to its organoleptic properties, nutritional composition and bioactive compounds that provide health benefits and reduce the risks of diseases such as cancer, hepatitis and rheumatism (OLIVARES-TENORIO et al., 2016). These aspects represent an emerging market of increasing economic importance (TORRES-OSSANDÓN et al., 2018). ...
The alternative to minimize the impacts to the agroecosystem and to establish a sustainable management for the goldenberry cultivation (Physalis peruvianaL.) corresponds to the use of inoculants based on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, this biotechnological tool is lacking and unknown to producers. The objective of the research was to investigate whether goldenberry plants in the absence and presence of inoculation with AMF differ in their horticultural potential. The treatments were absence of inoculation (control) and three mycorrhizal inoculants, arranged in a randomizedblock design, with five replications. The phyllochron, mycorrhizal colonization and fruit quality were evaluated. Non-mycorrhized plants had a higher leaf appearance rate and, therefore, a lower phyllochron value. Mycorrhizal colonization was greater in roots of plants produced with Glomus intraradices. Less acid and more tasty fruits were produced by plants inoculated with AMF, regardless of the fungal treatment used. In conclusion, goldenberry plants in the absence and presence of inoculation with AMF have different horticultural potential. Plants devoid of arbuscular mycorrhiza are earlier to start flowering. The fungal species G. intraradicesis more effective in colonizing the roots of the plant host. Plants submitted to mycorrhizal biotechnology potentiate the chemical quality of berries.
The increasing interest in tropical fruits has been observed worldwide, driven by their desirable sensory and nutritional characteristics. Lulo (Solanum quitoense L.), an exotic and native South American fruit, is predominantly used in beverage production and commercially marketed in Colombia and Ecuador. However, the perishable nature presents challenges for their commercialization to market. This has prompted food researchers to be interested in developing new Lulo-based products, that can have an agro-industrial impact in the countries of origin. Lately, a growing number of studies have aimed to uncover the nutritional and bioactive properties of Lulo. These studies have revealed that the fruit is rich in vitamin C, chlorogenic acids, phenolic compounds, and bioactive amines, making it an attractive raw material for the agri-food and pharmaceutical industries. This review summarizes the current understanding of the properties of Solanum quitoense L., including its physicochemical, nutritional, and bioactive properties. The fruit's high concentration of beneficial compounds has increased interest from industries and presents new opportunities for economic growth in the countries where it is grown. The growing demand for natural products underscores the need for further research on Lulo's potential applications and benefits, which could result in the development of new and economically viable products.
An active antifungal packaging system combined with modified atmospheres (MAP) was proposed to preserve cape gooseberry. Initially, the antifungal effect of oregano essential oil, cinnamaldehyde, and 2-nonanone in the vapor phase was evaluated in vitro to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Botrytis cinerea. Next, the better antifungal compound was included inside an active packaging system adsorbed in powdered bentonite. 100 ± 1 g of fruits were introduced in sealed polylactic acid (PLA) packages with a 0.058 mm perforation in the center forming a MAP and stored at 6 • C and 75 % RH determining fungal deterioration and changes in quality properties. From the in vitro tests, it was determined that cinnamaldehyde was the component with the highest antifungal capacity with a MIC of 2,38 µg per cm 3 of headspace air. With the active packages combined with MAP, it was possible to obtain up to 42 days of shelf life.
Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), an exotic fruit gaining popularity in Bulgaria, has been recognized as a highly functional food, but has also the potential to be a resource for the fragrance and cosmetic industries. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential of the resinoid (a type of traditional aromatic products) obtained from locally-produced fruit (variety "Plovdiv") for use in cosmetics, by revealing its volatile composition and characterizing the properties of an author-developed resinoid-enriched cosmetic cream. The resinoid (yield 58.78% DW) was a dark-orange viscous mass, with fruity, caramel notes and smoke accords odor. The GC-MS analysis identified 44 volatiles (98.69%), representing carbohydrates, alcohols, acids, along with minor miscellaneous compounds. A cosmetic cream (O/W emulsion) was developed, incorporating fruit resinoid (1.00%) as an active ingredient, compared to a control sample. Resinoid inclusion affected positively the sensory and physico-chemical properties of the cosmetic cream (color, odor, pH, stability). The studied emulsions had the rheological behavior of pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluids, and resinoid presence reduced cream viscosity. It could be concluded that Cape gooseberry fruit resinoid had the potential to be a reasonable ingredient in cosmetic preparations; of course, further research is needed to assess its complex effects.
The effect of pH on microbial, enzyme inactivation, and bioactive retention in ultrasound (US) treated sweet lime (Citrus limetta) juice was studied. The pH of the juice varied at 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5, whereas the US duty cycle (DC) ranged between 75% and 95% (0.07–0.7 W/cm³), and the treatment time varied between 15 and 30 min. More than 5‐log reduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli was achieved at DC 95% (25 min) while Listeria monocytogenes got inactivated at DC 85% (25 min). 95%–99% inactivation of peroxidase and pectin methylesterase was achieved at DC 95% (30 min), while 60% inactivation in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was observed. The addition of ascorbic acid (1 g/L) as an EI resulted in the complete inactivation of PPO at DC 85% (25 min). A maximum color change (ΔE*) of 2.6 was noticed at the highest US treatment condition (DC 95%, 30 min). Eventually, pH showed a marginal effect (˂5%) on retaining vitamin C and bioactive compounds, but US treatment enhanced them. US treatment at DC 95% (30 min) produced microbially safe (˃5‐log cycle reduction) and enzymatically stable (99% enzyme inactivation) juice. To conclude, optimized US treatment increased total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity, and vitamin C in sweet lime juice by 16.7%, 10.7%, and 14.1%, respectively.
Practical applications
Consumer demand for superior quality sweet lime juice with minimal processing. This explores the opportunity of applying US technology as one of the nonthermal treatments for such a product. Furthermore, the treated juice should be microbially safe and enzymatically stable with better bioactive preservation. Typically, the pH of the fruit juice is one of the main influencing factors controlling microbiological spoilage. The current study explores the consequence of matrix pH and US conditions on the microbial inactivation, enzyme stability, and bioactive compounds of US‐treated sweet lime juice. The hypothesis is that the ultrasonic power required to achieve microbial safety at a lower pH of sweet lime juice should be lower. This will eventually help the industry choose an optimal harvesting condition to obtain the desired pH during processing.
The seeds of Cape gooseberry ( Physalis peruviana L.) remain as a by-product from juice production, but they can also be a potential resource of valuable nutrients. The objective of this study was to analyze the phytonutrient composition of the seeds isolated from fruit at two maturity stages unsuitable for regular realization (unripe and under-ripe), with the aim of identifying the possibility for utilization of such non-standard or discarded agricultural production. The results showed about 3-time lower oil content in the unripe seeds than in the under-ripe seeds (6.60% vs. 21.75%), but no significant differences in the content of protein (18.44% and 17.83%) and cellulose (26.63% and 26.14%). The total tocopherol content slightly decreased with the progress of fruit maturity (from 8354 mg/kg to 7118 mg/kg). Significant changes in the amino acid composition were found only with regard to aspartic acid, glutamic acid, tyrosine and methionine. The content of macro and micro minerals was lower in the under-ripe seeds (about 1.5-2-time). The results from this baseline study suggested that the seeds from both unripe and under-ripe fruit could also be considered for nutritive purposes (animal feed, food products).
Physalis peruviana L. is among plant species possessing evident nutritional, nutraceutical, and commercial interests. This review highlights the complexity of the chemical composition supporting the multiple pharmacotherapeutic indications and dietary values of this plant through evidence-based studies from Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, SciFinder, Science Direct, Scopus, the Wiley online library, and Web of Science. The literature mentions at least 40 compounds isolated from different parts; others are still under investigation. High yields in carotenoids, amino acids, minerals, vitamin C, vitamin E, and essential fatty acids have healthy nutritional benefits. Various phytoconstituents, particularly withanolides, exhibit anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potentials, as well as cardiovascular and liver protective effects. Prospective studies reveal that the leaves would also provide various beneficial bioactive chemicals worth being isolated. However, clinical evidence-based studies are seldom. Therefore, adequate pharmaceutical formulations and more in-depth controlled clinical trials are needed to fill the gap.
This study aimed to analyze and compare the elemental composition of different parts of cultivated Physalis alkekengi (ljoskavac): rhizome with roots, stem with leaves, fruit, and inflated calyx. Contents of twenty-one macro- and microelements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In addition, patterns on both macro- and microelements distribution were subjected to the AHC analysis which gave different grouping of samples in sub-clusters. Generally, potassium, calcium, iron, and aluminum were the most abundant elements, but with different distribution in examined parts. High contents of iron and aluminum were detected in a stem with leaves, followed with samples of rhizome with roots and calyx, while potassium dominates in samples of calyx and stem with leaves. Edible fruits did not contain potentially toxic metals in concentration higher than permissible limits, wherein the lowest contents of lead and aluminum were detected; cadmium was under limit of quantification. Arsenic, mercury, and thallium were below the method detection limit.
The cultivation of a very limited number of crops does not fulfil the nutritional requirements of the growing population. For this, underutilized crops can play a vital role to meet food and nutrition security globally. They are of significant importance in localized areas, as they are highly adapted to marginal lands, do not require high inputs and is resilient to climate variability. The underutilized crops include food crops, such as cereals, vegetables, legumes, oil seeds, root, and tubers, mainly produced as a source of income for livehood of poor farmers in developing countries. Limited germplasm resource availability, lack of information on production, nutritional quality of many of the underutilized plant products, and the lack of improved quality material are the main constraints impacting the availability and productivity of these crops. Plant germplasm resources are the materials required for initiating any crop improvement programme with the help of advances in genomic techniques and various programmes for the improvement of major underutilized crops. At national and international level, genebanks are concerned with the collection, maintenance, ex situ conservation, regional and global germplasm exchange. The chapter highlights the potential of underutilized crops in context to nutrition, food security, and germplasm resources of major underutilized crops for further crop improvement studies.
The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of Physalis peruviana L. fruits in the management of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in relation to its metabolic profile. In-vitro α-amylase, β-glucosidase, and lipase inhibition activities were assessed for the ethanolic extract (EtOH) and its subfractions. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed the highest α-amylase, β-glucosidase, and lipase inhibition effect. In vivo antihyperglycemic testing of EtOAc in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats showed that it decreased the blood glucose level, prevented the reduction in body weight, improved serum indicators of kidney injury (urea, uric acid, creatinine), and function (albumin and total protein). EtOAc increased autophagic parameters (LC3B, AMPK) and depressed mTOR contents. Histopathology revealed that EtOAc ameliorated the pathological features and decreased the glycogen content induced by STZ. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that EtOAc reduced P53 expression as compared to the STZ-diabetic group. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS metabolite profiling of EtOAc allowed the identification of several phenolic compounds. Among the isolated compounds, gallic acid, its methylated dimer and the glycosides of quercetin had promising α-amylase and β-glucosidase inhibition activity. The results suggest that the phenolic-rich fraction has a protective effects against diabetic nephropathy presumably via enhancing autophagy (AMPK/mTOR pathway) and prevention of apoptosis (P53 suppression).
Целта на изследването е анализ на паспортни и оценъчни данни от
агробиологичното проучване на 14 образци тикви с местен произход за
установяване на генетичното разнообразие в колекцията. Генотиповете са
събрани от експедиции в страната и са регистрирани в Националния регистър за
растителни генетични ресурси с пълна еколого-географска характеристика.
Образците са съхранени в условията на дългосрочно съхранение във фонда на
Националната генбанка. Проучването е проведено съгласно унифициран
международен дескриптор. Варирането на количествените характеристики: брой
плодове на едно растение, дължина на дръжката (cm), дължина на плода (cm),
диаметър на плода (cm), брой камери в плода, дебелина на месото (cm) и маса на
плода (kg), както и проведеният клъстер анализ, показват наличието на високо
генетично разнообразие в колекцията. Фитопатологичната оценка излъчва
генотипове, показващи устойчивост към икономически важни болести при
културата. С най-добър комплекс от стопански качества се характеризират
местните образци с каталожни номера А9Е1089, 80Е6373 и 78Е6383, което ги
прави подходящи като изходен материал в бъдещи селекционни програми.
Българската колекция е публикувана със свободен достъп в Европейския
електронния каталог за растителни генетични ресурси EURISCO.
Uchuva is a rich source of provitamin A, vitamin B complex (niacin, thiamin, and B12), and vitamin C. The contents of vitamin C, β-carotene, total phenolics, and antioxidant capacity are directly proportional to ripeness stage. Uchuva fruits contain up to 15% soluble solids (mainly sugars) and have a high level of fructose. Numerous medicinal properties have been described in uchuva.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of Colombian cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) hybrids and to select those with the highest fruit quality based on a selection index. A total of 36 cape gooseberry hybrids obtained from crossings between nine double haploid lines from the Tibaitatá Research Center of Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research were evaluated. The trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design, in four locations (environments), corresponding to the municipalities of Ipiales, Gualmatán, Puerres, and Pasto, in the department of Nariño, Colombia. The following variables were evaluated: cracking percentage (CP), fruit weight with calyx (FWC), juice content (JC), total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), maturity index (MI), firmness (F), ascorbic acid (AA), and respiration rate (RR). CP was affected by the environment, showing lower values in Ipiales, Gualmatán, and Puerres. The hybrid factor significantly affected all assessed variables, except RR. The selected hybrids showed higher values for TSS, MI, FWC, and AA, besides lower values for CP and RR. The 3x9 hybrid stands out for presenting averages that are high for AA (42.59 mg 100 g-1) and MI (7.91) and low for RR (49.2 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1).
This study investigates the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potential of oregano flowers (Origanum onites L.) cultivated in Turkey. Thirty two compounds were identified in essential oil (4.12{\%}) and carvacrol (48.22{\%}) was found to be the major component. The essential oil was tested against different foodborne pathogens, as it exhibited pronounced antimicrobial effect only against Staphylococcus aureus in the concentrations 0.05--1.15 mg/ml. The total phenolic content recalculated as gallic acid (GAE) to dry weight (dw) and the total flavonoid content expressed as quercetin (QE) to dw were determined in 95 and 70{\%} ethanol extracts. In addition, the antioxidant activity of both extracts were evaluated by the methods 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2`azinobis(3) ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and modified cupric reducing antioxidant capacity. The highest values of total phenolic and the total flavonoid were found in 70{\%} ethanol extract 29.54 mg GAE/g dw and 5.16 QE/g dw, respectively. In addition, the amino acid composition characterised this plant as a natural source of essential and non-essential amino acids.
This research aims to describe the different methodologies that have been developed for the conservation of two fruits (Physalis peruviana L. and Spondia purpurea) present in the Ecuadorian highlands, as well as in other American countries. Information has been collected regarding the development of alternative and efficient technologies for the conservation of these fruits and their bioactive compounds. The studies performed to date are associated with the effect that the different conservation methods have shown in the post-harvest behavior (color, antioxidant potential, polyphenols, etc.) of the fruits, as well as its characterization in different maturation stages (soluble solids, acidity, pH, etc.). The contrast and comparison of this information will support choosing the most appropriate methodology according to the objectives to be achieved and the available resources. The research concludes that the knowledge about the healthy components in fruits increase their consumption and therefore motivates, the research to preserve these components for a longer time, reducing costs and waste.
Phenolic acids and flavonoids naturally protect plants against phytopathogenic fungi and, therefore, plant extracts containing phenolic compounds are considered a natural alternative to conventional fungicides. Goldenberry extract was evaluated for its ability to inhibit the growth of the fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. in vitro and in strawberries, cultivar Albion. Caffeic, chlorogenic and ferulic acids and flavonoid quercetin were identified in the goldenberry extract at different concentrations. The different concentrations of the extract tested in vitro resulted in variations in the percentage inhibition of fungal mycelial development. The fungicidal effect was observed when the 5 mL volume of the extract at 20% (v/v) concentration was tested in vitro. The phenolic compounds present in goldenberry extract represents a preventive natural method of control of B.cinerea in vitro and it can be alternative method of control for postharvest strawberries of cultivar Albion.
Landscapes have a structure that contains many functions and ecosystem services
with their natural and cultural components. Vegetation especially in natural landscapes
stands out not only visually, but also in terms of ecosystem services. It is known that
carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide gases are among the greenhouse gases that
have the highest share in global warming. Forest areas have climate protection func-
tions by protecting settlements, agricultural areas and recreational facilities from the
harmful effects of cold weather and wind, extreme weather changes and improving
the regional climate.
In this study, the focus is on the carbon storage service, which is evaluated in the
category of regulatory services under ecosystem services. For the determination of
forest biomass carbon storage capacity of Gokcay Basin, located in Turkey’s western
Black Sea region, biomass estimation method calculated at the unit area level is used
within the scope of LULUCF (Land use land use change and forestry) applications.
This study presents innovative research for comparison of the effect of the different dehydration techniques and methods of extraction on the antioxidant potential and bioactive compounds of Conilon and Arabica coffee flowers. The compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and the antioxidant capacity evaluated by the 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide assays. Among the compounds evaluated, trigonelline, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeine were identified, with trigonelline and caffeine being those with the highest concentration. The investigated factors significantly influenced the profile of the bioactive compounds identified, and the antioxidant capacity. The 92°C infusion of freeze-dried Conilon coffee flowers, in general, showed greater antioxidant capacity by ABTS and DPPH assays, as well as total phenolic content. Lyophilization had a positive influence on maintaining the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of the samples. Coffee flowers proved to be a potential raw material for making tea-like drinks.
Exotic fruits play an important role in nutrition as an excellent base for low calorie and dietetic products. Highly valued for its unique flavor, texture and color, recent research has shown cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) to be high in many beneficial compounds. The diversity of functional applications to which P. peruviana can be put gives this fruit great importance. The food industry has used cape gooseberry in different products including beverages, yogurts and jams. With the rapidly growing popularity of this unique fruit it is important to have a comprehensive reference for its nutritional benefits. This review provides a valuable source for current knowledge on bioactive phytochemicals and further development of P. peruviana for functional foods as well as nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
In Colombia the industrial use of cape gooseberry is poor, which is proposed to evaluate a transformation process leading to a value added product. Functional foods are products that by virtue of their physiologically active components provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. This research focused on the evaluation during storage of cape gooseberry powder obtained by spray drying and added with vitamin C, iron (ferrous bisglycinate), folic acid, soluble fiber (polydextrose) and soy protein. The powder obtained from the optimization of the process was stored under two different packaging conditions: with vacuum (V) and without vacuum (NV), storage time (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months) and three storage temperatures of 4, 20 and 30°C. The results indicated that the best storage condition was packaging without vacuum at a temperature of 20°C, reaching values at the end of the storage period (six months) of vitamin C, B9 and iron expressed in mg/100g of cape gooseberry powder of 22.33 ± 1.82, 261.74 ± 5.45 and 8.88 ± 0.61, respectively. Additionally, the protein and dietary fiber in g/100g cape gooseberry powder were 6.89 ± 0.27 and 10.44 ± 0.29, respectively. A diminishing trend was observed in the color parameters (CIE-Lab) during storage time being more distinct the higher the storage temperature.
As frutas e as hortaliças são recomendadas na alimentação humana pela riqueza em compostos nutritivos e também pela presença de compostos que apresentam efeito antioxidante. Os compostos bioativos adquiridos através da dieta, como a vitamina C e a vitamina E, além do aspecto nutritivo, são importantes para reduzir a velocidade de iniciação ou prevenir a propagação de radicais livres. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os teores de ácido ascórbico e de tocoferóis, de seleções de pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.), butiá (Butiá capitata), amora-preta (Rubus spp), mirtilo (Vaccium ashei Reade), nêspera (Eribrotia japônica), jambolão (Eugenia jambolana), araçá roxo (Psidium rufum), physalis (Physalis peruviana), pêra (Pyrus communis) e pêssegos (Prunus persica). As frutas utilizadas foram das safras 2006/2007/2008, obtidas na região de Pelotas/RS. A análise dos tocoferóis foi realizada segundo Rodrigues-Amaya (1999), e do ácido ascórbico segundo Vinci, Botre e Ruggieri (1995). A identificação e quantificação dos tocoferóis e do ácido ascórbico foi realizada em um sistema de cromatografia liquída de alta eficiência (CLAE), utilizando detector de fluorescência para os tocoferóis (excitação em 290 nm e emissão em 330 nm) e detector de UV-Visível para o ácido ascórbico (254 nm). A amora-preta cv. Tupy apresentou maior teor de tocoferóis (8,251 µg.g-1 de fruta) quando comparado ao conteúdo das demais frutas. Na pêra e nos pêssegos cv. Sensação e cv. Granada não identificou-se a presença de tocoferóis. As concentrações de ácido ascórbico variaram de 9,291 mg.g-1 para o physalis à 0,013 mg.g-1 para o jambolão. Conclui-se que as frutas são boas fontes destes compostos bioativos.
The human intestinal tract is home to a complex microbial community called microbiota. This gut microbiota, whilst playing essential roles for the maintenance of the health of host, is exposed to the impact of external factors such as the use of medication or the dietary patterns. Alterations in the composition and/or function of the microbiota have been described in several disease states, underlining the role of the gut microbiota in keeping a health status. Among the different dietary compounds polyphenols constitute a very interesting group as some of them have been found to pose important biological activities, including antioxidant, anticarcinogenic or antimicrobial activities. The term polyphenol comprises thousands of molecules presenting a phenol ring and are widely distributed in plant foods. The bioactivity of these compounds is highly dependent in their intestinal absorption and often they are ingested as non-absorbable precursors that are transformed into bioactive forms by specific microorganisms in the intestine. Some of these microorganisms have been identified and the enzymatic steps involved elucidated. However, little is known about the impact of these ingested polyphenols upon the human gut microbiota. The heterogeneity of the polyphenols compounds and their food sources, as well as their coexistence with other bioactive compounds within a normal diet, together with the complexity of the human gut microbiota difficult the understanding of the interactions between dietary polyphenols and gut microbes. This is, however, an important area of research which promises to expand our knowledge on the food functionality area through understanding the microbiota-food components interaction.
High hydrostatic pressure assisted extraction (HHPE) has several advantages when compared to traditional extraction methods, which frequently cause degradation and loss of target components and might consume large volumes of environmentally unfriendly solvents. The aim of this study was to develop an assisted extraction method using high hydro-static pressure (HHPE) and to evaluate both HHPE and conventional extraction methods for β-carotene, antioxidant compounds and vitamin C from cape gooseberry. β-carotene and compounds with antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical assay (DPPH *) or radical scavenging activity; ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP)) were extracted using HHPE for 5 min, 10 min and 15 min at 500 MPa, while vitamin C was extracted at 500 MPa for 30 s, 60 s and 90 s. Processing significantly affected (p 0.05) the β-carotene content of all samples, increasing retention by 8%, 14% and 15% at 500 MPa after 5 min, 10 min and 15 min of HPPE, respectively. The highest antioxidant content determined by DPPH * and FRAP assays was obtained in a sample treated at 500 MPa for 15 min, showing increases of 26% and 51%, respectively, compared with an untreated sample. The ascorbic acid content of fresh cape gooseberry was 26.31 mg·100 g −1. In fact, the ascorbic acid levels were significantly higher for all high-pressure-treated samples compared to this of conventionally extracted sample (p 0.05), exhibiting increases of 9%, 41% and 53% at 500 MPa after 30 s, 60 s and 90 s of HPPE, respectively. Thus, the application of HHPE produced higher -carotene content, antioxidant compounds and vitamin C content and required less extraction time compared to other extraction methods. The pharmaceutical and food industries can benefit by using high pressure extraction technology.
Since the characteristics of the fresh fruit of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) are little known, its valorization and use are impaired. The fruit's bioactive compounds at two stages of maturity, start and end of maturity, are evaluated, with differentiating colors between green-yellow and orange for two sizes of the fruit. The ratio between sugars and acids increased from the beginning to the end of maturity. Quercetin was not found in the samples. Nevertheless, rutin was predominant in small and large size mature sample, followed by greenish yellow (start of maturity) color of the small size fruit, with values ranging between 6.904 and 6.761 μg g-1 and 5.891 to 4.465 μg g-1, respectively. Myricetin rates ranged between 1.085 and 1.170 μg g-1 and 1.110 to 1.309 μg g-1 for greenish yellow and orange fruits, respectively. These results characterize the fruit of Physalis peruviana L. as a source of phenolic compounds in food. Antioxidant activity, influenced by the different stages of fruit ripening, is correlated to a higher content of the flavonols rutin and myricetin. Maturity degree and fruit size affect the fruit's chemical characteristics.
Consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower overall mortality. The aim of this study was to identify causes of death through which this association is established. More than 450,000 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study were included, of which 25,682 were reported deceased after 13 years of follow-up. Information on lifestyle, diet and vital status was collected through questionnaires and population registries. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) for death from specific causes were calculated from Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. Participants reporting consumption of more than 569 g/day of fruits and vegetables had lower risks of death from diseases of the circulatory (HR for upper fourth 0.85, 95 % CI 0.77-0.93), respiratory (HR for upper fourth 0.73, 95 % CI 0.59-0.91) and digestive system (HR for upper fourth 0.60, 95 % CI 0.46-0.79) when compared with participants consuming less than 249 g/day. In contrast, a positive association with death from diseases of the nervous system was observed. Inverse associations were generally observed for vegetable, but not for fruit consumption. Associations were more pronounced for raw vegetable consumption, when compared with cooked vegetable consumption. Raw vegetable consumption was additionally inversely associated with death from neoplasms and mental and behavioral disorders. The lower risk of death associated with a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables may be derived from inverse associations with diseases of the circulatory, respiratory and digestive system, and may depend on the preparation of vegetables and lifestyle factors.
The main objective of this work is to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of Physalis (Physalis peruviana L.) after pasteurization and shelf life for 21 days at 5C. Pasteurization at 90C for 2 min led to a significant improvement in the organoleptic characteristics of the juice. Pasteurization of juice reduced the ascorbic acid content from 38.90 to 30.20 mg/100 g during shelf life while fresh juice preserved this compound. Heated juice had total phenols and % DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) loss of 20.88 and 28.51%, respectively. The ratio of glucose to fructose in all evaluated juice is almost 1:1, whereas sucrose level was decreased by 25% for fresh juice and 16% for pasteurized juice. Higher negative numerical values of whiteness index were determined on Hunter's scale for the intensity of color. After pasteurization, a 7% increase in viscosity and a 22% decrease in cloud were observed after 21 days of shelf life.Practical ApplicationsPhysalis peruviana L. juice contains various active compounds with potential health benefits and hence has a potential as functional ingredients. Preservation of fruit for consumption exposes the physicochemical, color, antioxidant capacity and sensory characteristics to detrimental factors that may lead to alterations in concentrations and health-related quality. Due to the health benefits of Cape gooseberry consumed after some form of processing, it is important to investigate the effect of such treatments on the bioactive compounds that are present in the fruit. The effects of common processing conditions on the chemical composition of P. peruviana L. juice were investigated. The changes in the physicochemical properties of the samples varied with the processing treatments. These findings are important to study processing conditions, which could be applied and develop a new method in order to preserve the P. peruviana L. juice without affecting its natural contents.
Health-conscious consumers prefer a nutritious diet with an increase in fruit intake because of their bioactive compounds. Dehydration is widely used to prolong fruit shelf life. This study researched the effect of convective dehydration on physicochemical properties, color, vitamin C, beta-carotene, total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity during dehydration of goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruits in the 50 to 90 degrees C temperature range. Chromatic parameters (L*, a*, and b*) as well as Chroma and hue angle were affected by drying temperature, which contributed to fruit discoloring during this process. Total phenolic content, flavonoids, and beta-carotene increased from 321.05-356.68 mg gallic acid 100 g(-1) DM, 99.25-144.29 mg quercetin equivalents 100 g(-1) DM, and 722.30-783.16 mg 100 g(-1) sample, respectively, at 90 degrees C. Radical scavenging activity showed higher antioxidant activity at high temperatures than low temperatures. Both vitamin C content and TPC decreased as air-drying temperature decreased. A high correlation was observed between fruit TPC and flavonoids with antioxidant capacity. Based on these results, this fruit has potential for the development of new functional products.
In the case of the tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea) the relatively high crude fibre content stood out (4,5 g/100 g of fruit). The tree tomato and golden berry (Physalis peruviana) had higher protein content (1,9 g/100 g for both fruits) than the other fruits. Regarding to the mineral analysis, the prickle pears (Opuntia ficus indica) are very good sources of phosphorus as well as calcium. On the other hand, the tree tomato is an excellent potassium source followed by golden berry and papaya(Carica pubescens). In addition golden berry is a relatively good source of iron and zinc. The mountain papaya is a very important source of phosphorus surpassing to the other fruits. All the samples presented significant difference as far as the content of total phenolic compounds, but mountain papaya is the fruit that presented the highest content of these compounds (167 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g of fruit). The content of betalains in red prickle pear was of 68,95 mg/1000 mL. Golden berry had the highest vitamin C content (43,3 mg/100g) followed by mountain papaya (31,41 mg/100g). The lowest content of this vitamin was in the tree tomato followed by red prickle pear, 16,09 mg/100g and 22,75 mg/100g, respectively. The content of carotenoids was the highest in the tree tomato, (4 mg -carotene/100 g) followed by golden berry with 2,64 mg -carotene/100 g. Red prickle pear presented much greater capacity of inhibition of radical DPPH than the other varieties (77,65%). Comparing the different fruits regarding to the measurement of the antioxidant capacity, the mountain papaya (2141,71 g equivalent trolox/g of fruit) had the highest value followed by golden berry (1066,28 g equivalent trolox/g of fruit), tree tomato and red prickle pear. Finally, it was found that the grade of maturity had a direct effect to the antioxidant capacity.
Radiation therapy is considered to be one of the most popular and important therapeutic modalities for the
cure of cancer. During radiotherapy, ionizing irradiation interacts with biological systems to produce free radicals,
which attacks various cellular components. The present study clarifies the efficacy of cape gooseberries (Physalis
peruviana) in reducing gamma- irradiation- induced oxidative damage to the liver, lipid profile and antioxidant
enzymes in adult male rats. Rats were exposed to whole body gamma radiation (2 Gy /week up to total dose of 6
Gy) and fed on basal diet supplemented with 15% of Physalis powder (Ph p.), one week before irradiation and
during the period of radiation exposure. Animals were randomly divided into four groups as following: Normal
control, Ph p, irradiated and Ph p + irradiated. The results demonstrated that irradiation of rats induced a significant
increase in lipid peroxides level measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and xanthine oxidase
(XO) concomitant with a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione
(GSH) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) content in liver tissues. In parallel, significant increases in serum
enzymes aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma - glutamyl
transpeptidase (γ-GT) as well as serum bilirubin were recorded. While serum total protein (T.P) and albumin (Alb)
were decreased. Furthermore, alteration in lipid profile manifested by a significant increase in triglycerides (TG),
total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and a significant decrease in high density
lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), were observed. Physalis powder pretreatment has significantly improved the
oxidant/antioxidant status, which was associated with reduced the severity of liver damage. It is concluded that Ph p
has a protective effect against gamma-irradiation induced hepatotoxicity through antagonizing the free radicals
generation beside enhancement of the antioxidant defense mechanisms.
os frutos de Physalis peruviana L, sendo uma tradicional e uma light, nas quais foram avaliadas suas características físico-químicas, conteúdo de fi toquímicos e a aceitação sensorial. A geleia light apresentou maiores teores de caro-tenoides e de compostos fenólicos totais do que a geleia tra-dicional, devido ao maior percentual de polpa utilizado. No entanto, a atividade antioxidante não apresentou correlação positiva com o conteúdo dos fi toquímicos avaliados. Como esperado, a geleia tradicional apresentou maiores teores de açúcares, sólidos solúveis totais e menor acidez. Pela ava-liação sensorial, não foram observadas diferenças signifi -cativas entre as duas formulações de geleias, obtendo-se para ambas altos índices de aceitabilidade. A elaboração de geleias é uma alternativa viável para a utilização do Physa-lis peruviana L, e a geleia light que além de ser considerada mais saudável pela menor adição de sacarose e, portanto com menor conteúdo calórico, também apresenta um maior teor de carotenoides e compostos fenólicos totais, apresen-tando o mesmo grau de aceitabilidade que a tradicional. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Fruto perecível; processamento; fi toquímicos; aceitabilidade.
Carotenoids constitute a ubiquitous group of isoprenoid pigments. They are very efficient physical quenchers of singlet oxygen and scavengers of other reactive oxygen species. Carotenoids can also act as chemical quenchers undergoing irreversible oxygenation. The molecular mechanisms underlying these reactions are still not fully understood, especially in the context of the anti- and pro-oxidant activity of carotenoids, which, although not synthesized by humans and animals, are also present in their blood and tissues, contributing to a number of biochemical processes. The antioxidant potential of carotenoids is of particular significance to human health, due to the fact that losing antioxidant-reactive oxygen species balance results in "oxidative stress", a critical factor of the pathogenic processes of various chronic disorders. Data coming from epidemiological studies and clinical trials strongly support the observation that adequate carotenoid supplementation may significantly reduce the risk of several disorders mediated by reactive oxygen species. Here, we would like to highlight the beneficial (protective) effects of dietary carotenoid intake in exemplary widespread modern civilization diseases, i.e., cancer, cardiovascular or photosensitivity disorders, in the context of carotenoids' unique antioxidative properties.
In this study, the effects of convective, microwave and microwave–convective drying methods on the drying characteristics, colour, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of goldenberry fruits were investigated. To select the most appropriate thin-layer drying model for drying treatments, nine mathematical drying models were fitted to the experimental data. Based on the statistical tests used for evaluation, the Midilli et al. and Wang and Singh models were considered the best models to describe the drying behaviours of goldenberry fruits in all drying methods. The colour values (L*, a* and b*) of fresh fruit were decreased by drying. Compared with the fresh sample, the dried samples exhibited a 64–75% and 65–75% decrease in total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, respectively. Among the different drying treatments, the values closest to those of fresh samples with respect to colour values, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were achieved with the 160 W microwave drying method.
At present, Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) fruit is one of the less used raw materials of plant origin, which can be used for human nutrition. This fruit, as well as alimentary products made of it, were used by healers in folk medicine in the distant past. The aim of this study was to monitor and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of fresh fruit of three Cape gooseberry cultivars ‘Giant’, ‘Golden berry’ and ‘Inka’. Antioxidant capacity was also tested, on the basis of the scavenging effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation of methanolic extracts made of fresh fruit. These results were further extended and supplemented with determinates of the vitamin C and total phenolic contents. These analyses were made for three consecutive years. The highest values of antioxidant capacity were observed in the ‘Inka’ cultivar (9.31 grams of ascorbic acid equivalents kg−1 of fresh mass). In this cultivar, the obtained results were corroborated also in ROS and the contents of vitamin C and total phenolics. Due to a high antioxidant capacity of this fruit species, the results presented should increase its popularity above all as a promising raw material, which can be used for human nutrition.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and binding effects of gooseberry, a less-studied berry, and to compare with blueberry and cranberry in the model of interaction with human serum albumin (HSA). The relationship between the scavenging properties of dietary polyphenols of the selected berries and their affinities for HSA were investigated by fluorescence analysis. In order to perform the extraction and identification of the antioxidants present in the samples, different types of extraction solvents were used, such as water, ethyl acetate, and diethyl ether. The polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid contents, and the total antioxidant capacities (TACs) of the berry extracts were assessed by using ESI–MS, FTIR, and radical scavenging assays. The contents of bioactive compounds and the levels of TACs in water extracts differed significantly and were the highest in water extracts in comparison with other extracts in all the investigated berries (P < 0.05). Gooseberry water extracts contained: polyphenols (mg GAE/g DW)—5.37 ± 0.6, tannins (mg CE/g DW)—0.71 ± 0.2, anthocyanins (mg CGE/g DW)—12.0 ± 1.2, ascorbic acid (mg AA/g DW)—5.15 ± 0.5, and TACs (μMTE/g DW) by ABTS and FRAP assays were 15.53 ± 1.6 and 6.51 ± 0.7, respectively. In conclusion, the bioactivity of gooseberry was lower than blueberries and cranberries. The antioxidant and binding properties of gooseberries in comparison with widely consumed blueberries and cranberries can be used as a new source for food supplementation.
p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";;">Las frutas de uchuva se clasificaron, después de la cosecha, en seis fases de coloración de la cascara, así: 0 = verde, 1 = verde amarillo, 2 = amarillo naranja. 3 == naranja claro, 4 = naranja, 5 = naranja oscura y 6 = naranja roja, a los cuales se le determinaron sus propiedades físicas y bioquímicas. Para describir el comportamiento entre las fases de coloración y las variables analizadas se propusieron modelos estadísticos polinomiales hasta el grado sexto. Los resultados mostraron que, durante el desarrollo 1a coloración del fruto aumento, proporcionalmente, su tamaño, peso fresco y la relación solidos solubles totales/acidez total titulable (SST/AIT) hasta 1a fase 5, mientras la acidez titulable se redujo constantemente. Los coeficientes de determinación mas altos se encontraron para las variables acidez total titulable (R<sup>2</sup> = 0,95) y relación SST/ATT (R<sup>2</sup> = 0,98), y los mas bajos fueron para β-caroteno (R<sup>2</sup> =0,79). Los solidos solubles (principalmente, sacarosa) mostraron sus picos mas altos en las fases 3 y 4 y el contenido del β caroteno, en 1a fase 4, razón por la cual se supone que la madurez fisiológica se encuentra entre estos dos estados (3 y 4, naranja claro - naranja), En el estado de la sobremaduracion, color naranja roja, se observo una reducción marcada en tamaño y peso del fruto. Por la relación estrecha entre coloración y el desarrollo de los ingredientes del fruto, se propone que el color de la cascara es un indicador, de fácil uso en campo, para determinar calidad y madurez de la uchuva.
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";;">Palabras claves: <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";;"> Desarrollo del fruto, carotenoides, Índice de madurez, acido ascórbico, provitamina A. </p
Cape gooseberry fruits are a great source of vitamins A and C. Therefore the influence of altitudinal location on carotenoids and acids content in cape gooseberry fruits is of special interest to improve the nutrition of the Andean highland people and the fruit export quality. Cape gooseberry ecotypes ‘Colombia’, ‘South Africa’ and ‘Kenya’ were grown at 2300 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and 2690 m a.s.l. in the Boyaca region (5°N 73°W) of Colombia. The climate conditions at 2300 m a.s.l. were: 17°C mean air temp., 19.5°C mean soil temp., 66.6% R.H., 837 mm precipitation, 5.3 h/d sunshine, 148 mv UVB-radiation compared to 2690 m with 12.5°C, 16.8°C, 79%, 302 mm, 5.3 h/d and 160 mw respectively. In ripe fruits provitamin A carotenoids (ß- and a-carotene, ß-cryptoxanthin), ascorbic acid and organic acids (citric, malic and tartaric acid) were determined using HPLC. ß-carotene increased markedly and a-carotene and ß-cryptoxanthin tended to increase with decreasing altitude (2300 m a.s.l.). Possibly, the higher temperature at 2300 m a.s.l. improved provitamin A content. Of the analyzed carotenoids, ß-carotene had the highest concentration (236 µg 100 g-1 FW) and was greatest in fruits of the ‘South Africa’ ecotype. Altitude did not show any significant influence on ascorbic acid content (32.2 mg 100 g-1 FW), probably because of the similar number of daily sunshine hours at the two locations. Also, none of the analyzed organic acids was affected by the site factor. Citric acid had the greatest proportion (2018 mg 100 g-1 FW) and was highest in fruits of the ‘Kenya’ ecotype.
Antecedentes: extractos etanólicos de P. peruviana han mostrado actividad citotóxica contra diferentes células cancerosas. Objetivo: estudiar la actividad anticancerígena de un extracto acuoso del fruto uchuva en células de cáncer de colon SW480 y SW620. Materiales y métodos: se analizaron citotoxicidad e índice de selectividad (SI) (MTT), antiproliferación (sulforodamina-B), apoptosis (ciclo celular, anexina-V, receptores TRAIL-DR4/-DR5 y caspasa-3), actividad antioxidante (contenido de flavonoides y carotenoides totales). Resultados: el extracto acuoso de uchuva mostró efecto citotóxico y antiproliferativo en células SW480 (IC50=44,2 µg/mL, SI=11,6) y SW620 (IC50=85,1µg/mL, SI=6,0). Las células hipodiploides SW480 y SW620 aumentaron 13% y 12%, respectivamente. Las células apoptóticas incrementaron 19% y 21% en SW480 y SW620, respectivamente, con incremento en la expresión de receptores TRAIL-DR4/-DR5 en SW480 (+59%/+53%) y SW620 (+67%/+65%), y activación de caspasa-3 en ambas líneas celulares. El extracto neutralizó radicales OH-, presentó baja capacidad reductora y atrapadora de especies reactivas del oxígeno y nitrógeno. El contenido de flavonoides y carotenoides fue 487,1 mg catequina y 0,9 mg β-caroteno por 100 g de liofilizado, respectivamente. Conclusiones: estos hallazgos sugieren que la uchuva puede ser una fuente prometedora de compuestos bioactivos con actividad quimiopreventiva en cáncer de colon humano.