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... stagnalis, Radix sp., Gyraulus aff. horasanensis (Schütt, 1991), Planorbarius sp., Succineidae indet., Pisidium sp., Euglesidae indet., Dreissena sp. This complex is more diverse than in the lower samples. ...
... Gyraulus horasanensis originally described as a subspecies of G. sibinjensis from sand pit east of Horasan (Turkey). These deposits were attributed to the Late Pliocene (Schütt, 1991), now they can be correlated with the Early Pleistocene, however, some authors believe that they still belong to the Late Pliocene (Vasilyan et al., 2014). There is still insufficient data to identify the exact age of these deposits. ...
... Our material (H27) is close to this species described from Syria (Blanckenhorn, 1897), but is slightly larger (up to 5.5 mm) and differs in less gracile shape of the shell. In addition, it resembles Bithynia erzuruma Schütt, 1991 which was described from Late Pliocene deposits near Çigdemli 23 km to the west of Erzurum (Schütt, 1991). It is close to B. erzuruma by shape of the shell and small size, but differs by the number of whorls (4 instead 5) and their more bulbous shape. ...
The paper presents new data on brackish-water Upper Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene deposits that were studied in the Demirkent (Kars) and Pekecik (Erzurum) sections, NE Turkey. The Demirkent section is situated in the southwestern slope of the Shirak Late Cenozoic intermontane basin near the Turkish-Armenian border. The Pekecik section is situated to the SW of the Demirkent in the southwestern slope of the Horasan intermontane basin. Both sections are composed of clays, silts, and poorly cemented fine-grained sandstones and contain the brackish-water dinocysts of the Akchagylian type. The age of the deposits is determined by combined analysis of associations of molluscs and small mammals, palynological spectra, including dinocysts and algae, and magnetostratigraphic data. The Demirkent and Pekecik sections are dated to the Late Pliocene (Piacenzian). The maximum spread of the Akchagylian transgression influenced the inland areas of NE Turkey prior to the early Gelasian. The pollen spectra demonstrate progressive aridisation during sedimentation of the lower part of the Demirkent section and the wetter and cooler climate during sedimentation of the lower part of the Pekecik section. The analysis of brackish-water dinocysts and fresh-water algae in different beds of the Demirkent section indicates gradual freshening of the basin probably due to the sea level fall. In the Pekecik section, the brackish-water dinocysts are found in the lower part that is covered by the lignite-bearing layers without signs of marine influence. Recent altitudes of the Akchagylian brackish-water deposits give a possibility to estimate magnitudes and average rates of the Quaternary uplift of the western Lesser Caucasus. The elevation of the Upper Pliocene deposits of Demirkent and Pekecik sections shows the uplift rate of ca. 0.6–0.7 mm per year during 2.6 Ma.
... Few of our shells are identical to Radix lessonae (Issel, 1865) described and illustrated by Schütt (1991) from the sand pit east of Horasan, Turkiye (Pliocene Horasan Beds). The researchers noted their small size of 5-6 mm, although some fragments belong to larger shells (Issel, 1865;Andrusov, 1923;Kolesnikov, 1950). ...
... The researchers noted their small size of 5-6 mm, although some fragments belong to larger shells (Issel, 1865;Andrusov, 1923;Kolesnikov, 1950). Schütt (1991) reported variable shell size from small to larger forms. ...
Erzurum intermontane basin in north-eastern Turkey experienced terrigenous and carbonate sedimentation in Mio-Pleistocene. A Gilbert-type delta is described in the west of the basin. The delta deposits are dated to Late Pliocene based on bio- and magnetostratigraphy. The eroded surface of the delta is overlain by pebbles dated to Early Pleistocene by archaeological finds. The Erzurum Basin is the westernmost member in a row of intermontane basins that continues to the east with the Pasinler, Horasan, and Ararat basins that are drained by the Araxes River and its tributaries. It is likely that the paleo-Araxes River spread to the west in Late Pliocene and the studied delta was formed by its upper reaches that flowed into the water body of the Erzurum Basin. The delta deposits were covered by coarse alluvium in Early Pleistocene when the Erzurum Basin was tectonically isolated from the Araxes drainage system. In the latest Early Pleistocene or early Middle Pleistocene, the paleo-Araxes upper reaches were captured by the Euphrates River upper reaches that drain the Erzurum Basin now.
... Few of our shells are identical to Radix lessonae (Issel, 1865) described and illustrated by Schütt (1991) from the sand pit east of Horasan, Turkiye (Pliocene Horasan Beds). The researchers noted their small size of 5-6 mm, although some fragments belong to larger shells (Issel, 1865;Andrusov, 1923;Kolesnikov, 1950). ...
... The researchers noted their small size of 5-6 mm, although some fragments belong to larger shells (Issel, 1865;Andrusov, 1923;Kolesnikov, 1950). Schütt (1991) reported variable shell size from small to larger forms. ...
... Pyrgula-like shells are referred to the genus Falsipyrgula Radoman, 1973, following Schütt andYildirim (1999). In his preceding works Schütt (1991Schütt ( , 1997 referred these shells to the genus Pyrgula. When describing the genus Falsipyrgula, Radoman (1973) noted the characters of soft body as the main distinction from the closely related Pyrgula, Diana, and Xestopyrgula; the shell structure showed very little differentiation. ...
... All species in this association, except Dreissena diluvii, are extant. Euglesa obtusale and E. nitida are known from Pleistocene of Turkey (Schütt, 1991(Schütt, , 1997. Pisidium stewarti, P. moitessierianum, and Euglesa henslowana have not been previously known in the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, or Anatolia. ...
... Pyrgula-like shells are referred to the genus Falsipyrgula Radoman, 1973, following Schütt andYildirim (1999). In his preceding works Schütt (1991Schütt ( , 1997 referred these shells to the genus Pyrgula. When describing the genus Falsipyrgula, Radoman (1973) noted the characters of soft body as the main distinction from the closely related Pyrgula, Diana, and Xestopyrgula; the shell structure showed very little differentiation. ...
... All species in this association, except Dreissena diluvii, are extant. Euglesa obtusale and E. nitida are known from Pleistocene of Turkey (Schütt, 1991(Schütt, , 1997. Pisidium stewarti, P. moitessierianum, and Euglesa henslowana have not been previously known in the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, or Anatolia. ...
... With the help of the monograph of Schütt (1993) we were able to identify them as, respectively, Dreissena polymorpha anatolica (Locard, 1893), Dreissena caputlacus Schütt, 1993 and Dreissena iconica Schütt, 1991. The first two had recently been recorded from the lake by May et al. (2006) and indeed were considered to represent two different taxa. ...
... However, the discovery of Dreissena iconica was a real surprise. Schütt (1991) based the description of this species on fossil material from the Burdur Valley and the former Konya-Ereğli Lake, 10 km south of Konya, and considered it extinct. More fieldwork in the near future aims to determine whether Seyhan Lake is indeed inhabited by three species of Dreissena. ...
The historical first general inventory of marine and non-marine mollusc fauna present in the territory of the "Serra do Tabuleiro Ecological Park", the largest unit of conservation in the State of Santa Catarina/ SC, central southern Brasil region, is available (see pp. 9-12) ...
... 2018, Yıldırım vd. 2019 (Schütt, 1991(Schütt, , 1993 ...
Türkiye, which is one of the important speciation regions of the Palearctic Region, is one of the distribution centers of the genus Dreissena. Since the 1800s, many taxa belonging to the genus have been mentioned, especially by European researchers. However, in recent years, the existence of three taxa has been determined mainly in the lentic systems of Dreissena caputlacus (SCHÜTT 1993), Aegean and Mediterranean, Southeastern Anatolia; D. polymorpha anatolica (LOCARD 1893) especially in the Lakes Region and Aegean Sea. It has been reported that D. polymorpha gallandi (LOCARD 1893) is distributed in the Marmara and Western Black Sea Regions.
In this study, the distribution of the genus has been tried to be revealed partially with Dreissena specimens collected from at least certain regions in line with the latest findings. However, it cannot be said that Dreissena taxa have not been fully revealed yet.
... Paleontological evaluation was performed to define the species of the molluscs, for all the shells taken from the stratigraphic sections of the geological splittings. Dreissena iconica (8) is a species in Bivalvia class and defined in the Konya Closed Basin during the Pleistocene and they can live in very low salinity freshwater lakes. Valvata piscinalis (9) is small snail found in freshwater streams, rivers and lakes, preferring running water and tolerating water with low calcium levels. ...
Fossil mollusc shells are used for dating geological materials because they are well preserved throughout geological time. In this study, the radicals in the structure of fossil mollusc shells (Dreissena iconica, Valvata piscinalis, Bithynia tentaculate, Unio pictorum) collected from the Eastern Part of Old Konya Lake in Türkiye were investigated by EPR technique. For all fossil shells, microwave and temperature dependence of the signals were examined, and the signals suitable for dating are discussed. Characteristic features of intrinsic and impurity-related radicals were identified and the importance of paleontological evaluation of molluscs to get a reliable equivalent dose in EPR dating studies was emphasised.
... The representative forms of ostracods were selected for the SEM study, and the SEM-BSE images were acquired at Hacettepe University. Within the systematic palaeontology studies, many studies on ostracods (e.g., Beker et al., 2008;Freels, 1980;Fuhrmann, 2012;Karanovic, 2012;Meisch, 2000;Ş afak et al., 1999;Tuncer, 2020;Tuncer and Tunoglu, 2015;Tunoglu et al., 1995Tunoglu et al., , 2012Witt, 2003) and mollusks (e.g., Schütt, 1990Schütt, , 1991Schütt and Ş en, 1993;Yıldırım, 1999;Yıldırım et al., 2006aYıldırım et al., , 2006bZhadin, 1965) in Anatolia and the World were used and referred for the identification of the taxa, and taxonomic rules by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) (1999) were followed. After that, the abundance of fauna at all levels and their distribution along the core successions were identified, and distribution and abundance figures using a computer program (TILIA 2.0.b.4 software) were created for better evaluations. ...
The Şarkikaraağaç coalfield is located in the north-western part of the Lake Beyşehir Basin, which is the most significant graben area in the eastern flank of Isparta Angle, and hosts a 300-Mt coal resource. This study focuses on the first palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic reconstruction of Pliocene and early Pleistocene coal-bearing sequences cored in the two coal exploration wells (SK-1 and SK-2) using coal petrography, mineralogy, faunal (ostracod and mollusk), and floral (palynology and diatom) data from four coal seams (from bottom to top: B, A, X-1, and X-0) with the variable total thickness (1 to 7 m). According to the palynological data, warm and humid climate conditions prevailed during the early Pliocene, and the precursor peats of seams A and B were mainly accumulated under limno-telmatic conditions, with high contributions of herbaceous peat-forming plants. Nevertheless, the co-occurrence of syngenetic carbonate minerals and framboidal pyrites along with calcareous fossil and diatom remains implies neutral to weakly alkaline conditions within palaeomires of these seams. Furthermore, ostracod and gastropod fauna from these seams might imply nutrient-rich shallow water conditions and spring support (e.g., karstic aquifer) into palaeomires. Thus, algal activity within the palaeomires was presumably high, and freshwater algae and diatoms were commonly identified in these seams.With the development of increased uplift ratio of central Taurides and climatic changes towards to late stages of Pliocene and particularly early Pleistocene, the common peat-forming plants within palaeomires and vegetation in the surrounding areas were changed. The increased precipitation caused an elevation of water levels in the study area; hence, the precursor peats of the seam X-1 were accumulated under wet forest mire conditions. This increase also explains the existence of ostracod and mollusk fauna related to river and spring support underlying sequences of the seam X-1. With the ceasing of accumulation of peat of the seam X-1, the climate became drier, and very shallow water conditions have been common. The development of spring support and relatively high precipitation in a short period of time allowed for final peat accumulation (seam X-0) during the early Pleistocene. Nevertheless, this period was followed by the development of relatively colder conditions in the study area, and cold small water conditions were developed during the end of the early Pleistocene. Furthermore, microthermic vegetation was common in the vicinity of the palaeomires during the early Pleistocene. Overall, the peat accumulation and water level of lakes in the study area seem to be controlled by climatic oscillations and uplift of margins of the Lake Beyşehir Basin during the Pliocene to early Pleistocene.
... Nothing is known about the ecology of Falsipyrgula carinata, which is today endemic to its type locality near Kıreli in Lake Beyş ehir. The species was found in Quaternary deposits of the Konya Basin, located east of the lake (Schü tt, 1991). ...
... Its geographical distribution is Palearctic (Akbulut et al. 2009). This species was also recorded from the Late Miocene deposits of Central Anatolia (Sandıklı, Koçgazi-Afyon) (Schütt 1991;Schütt and Kavuşan 1994), and from the Pleistocene strata of Lake Beyşehir (Konya) (Girod 2013). As being an element of the Sarmatian age of the Central Paratethys, this bivalve species indicates the possibility of the faunistic relations between the habitats of Central Anatolia with Southern and Central Europe (Schütt and Kavuşan 1994). ...
Acıgöl (Nevşehir, Central Anatolia) is a drained crater lake. Acıgöl maar was formed by the violent vapor explosions due to the interaction of hot rhyolitic magma with the (sub-)surface water during the latest Pleistocene. A 844 cm-deep borehole was
drilled at the maar and 713 cm-thick Acıgöl Core Succession (ACS) was retrieved. The ACS is mainly composed of lower laminated and upper non-laminated mudstones (sandy, silty, and clayey) with rare organic and volcanic interlayers. Eleven ostracod taxa (Cypris pubera, Plesiocypridopsis newtoni, Heterocypris salina, Eucypris cf. heinrichi, Candona candida, Candona meerfeldiana, Pseudocandona marchica, Cyclocypris sp., Ilyocypris bradyi, Limnocythere inopinata, and Darwinula stevensoni) were determined in this study. Along with ostracods, gastropods (Gyraulus piscinarum and Stagnicola sp.),
pelecypods (Pisidium personatum), charophytes, and fish remains were also observed, while diatoms are the most frequent and abundant assemblage of the ACS. The assemblage at the lower parts of ACS mainly indicates wetter, freshwater to oligohaline,
and oligotrophic and relatively deep lacustrine conditions alternating with short lake shrinkage intervals. On the other hand, the fauna at the upper part of the ACS points out to saline, shallow, and warmer lacustrine conditions.
... Molluscs such as G. truncatula and P. personatum are recorded from Pleistocene to Holocene lacustrine sediments in Turkey (Schütt, 1991;Girod, 2013). V. (C.) piscinalis is generally found in Pliocene deposits (Fretter and Alastair, 1962) but has also been recorded from Pleistocene and Holocene lacustrine deposits in Turkey (Schütt, 1990;Yıldırım et al., 2006a;Gümüş and Bar-Yosef Mayer, 2013). ...
... Nothing is known about the ecology of Falsipyrgula carinata, which is today endemic to its type locality near Kıreli in Lake Beyş ehir. The species was found in Quaternary deposits of the Konya Basin, located east of the lake (Schü tt, 1991). ...
... The isotopic composition of this lake fell on an evaporation line and it was possibly related to a surface or underground outlet, lake turnover time, and the inflow volumes from the drainage basin (Gunyakti et al. 1993: 200, Fig. 3). It shares with ancient Anatolian ovas (dry lake beds) several species that are widespread in Anatolia: Borysthenia naticina, Bithynia pseudemmericia and Pisidium amnicum (Schütt, 1991). This history helps to explain the composition of the fossil malacofauna, which indicates the presence of a coastal area with shores protected by heliophytic vegetation (Phragmites). ...
In the summer of 2000 samples of beach deposits on the shore of Lake Eğirdir were collected. Subsequently, in August 2002, further samples were taken from a sequence exposed near Lake Beyşehir that was composed of carbonatic and gyttja layers containing abundant aquatic molluscs; these were dated to the end of the Middle Pleistocene. Species identification was made difficult by the fact that anatomical studies could not be made, and also because the taxonomy of Turkish molluscs still suffers from the effects of the once widespread habit of identifying Anatolian species as similar European species. The latter difficulty is well on the way to be resolved.
For much of the Middle-Upper Pleistocene and Holocene, Lake Eğirdir had characteristics similar to those of the large Beyşehir-Suğla Basin: a piedmont location enclosed by mountain ranges, large size and north-south orientation, maximum depth of about 15 m, variable water level and nutrient concentration (occasionally becoming a large pond), and probable increases in salinity. The qualitative and quantitative study of both malacofaunas, together with taphonomic observations on the shells,gave deeper insight into the formation processes of natural lacustrine shell accumulations and certain aspects of zooarchaeological interest, improving our understanding of such phenomena.
... B. badiella, B. pesici (Schütt, 1965;Bilgin, 1980;Yıldırım et al., 2006a). (Schütt, 1982;Yıldırım, 1999) Researchers defined only one single species of genus Semisalsa, S. longiscata in Turkey (Schütt, 1991, Yıldırım, 1999. ...
An investigation was carried out on the native gastropod species in Lake Gölbaşı, Hatay. During the research 3 species belonging to the subclass Pulmonata (Gyraulus piscinarum, Radix labiata, Anisus leucostoma) were detected along with 9 species of the subclass Orthogastropoda (=Prosobranchia) including Theodoxus jordani, Semisalsa contempta, Semisalsa longiscata, Bithynia phialensis, Valvata saulcyi, Valvata piscinalis, Melanoides tuberculatus, Melanopsis praemorsa ferussaci, Melanopsis costata costata. These gastropod species were collected from 4 stations chosen in the lake. Furthermore, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature were measured at the sampling sites. Gölbaşı Gölü'nün (Hatay: Türkiye) gastropod faunası ve onları etkileyen bazı fizikokimyasal parametreler Özet: Hatay ili sınırları içerisinde bulunan Gölbaşı Gölü'nün ekolojik yapısına uyum sağlayan yerli gastropod türleri araştırılmıştır. Yapılan araştırmaya göre gölde Pulmonata altsınıfına ait 3 tür (Gyraulus piscinarum, Radix labiata, Anisus leucostoma), Orthogastropoda (=Prosobranchia) altsınıfına ait 9 tür (Theodoxus jordani, Semisalsa contempta, Semisalsa longiscata, Bithynia phialensis, Valvata saulcyi, Valvata piscinalis, Melanoides tuberculatus, Melanopsis praemorsa ferussaci, Melanopsis costata costata) tespit edilmiştir. Bu gastropod türleri Gölde tespit edilen 4 istasyonda belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca örnek alınan alanda suyun bulanıklığı, sıcaklığı, çözünmüş oksijeni ve pH'sı ölçülmüştür.
... The Horasan Beds yielded fossil mollusc shells described as Dreissena diluvii, Caspicyclotus armenicus, Pyrgula quimplex, Radix lessonae, and Gyraulus horasanensis (Schütt, 1991). The Pasinler Beds, which have been sampled for the present study, are up to 300 m thick; they are exposed at several isolated spots along the northern basin margin (Irrlitz, 1972;pl. ...
An Early Pleistocene lacustrine faunal assemblage from Pasinler (Erzurum Province, north-eastern Turkey) is described, which encompasses 13 mollusc, 5 fish, 2 amphibian, 1 reptile, and 1 mammal species. The autochthonous freshwater mollusc fauna indicates shallow stagnant waters and a fine-sandy to muddy lake bottom, grown with submersed plants. The fish community (Leuciscus sp., Rutilus sp., Chondrostoma sp., Leuciscinae sp. 1 and 2, and Capoeta sp.) and autochthonous herpetofauna (Latonia sp. and Natrix sp.) provide evidence of a well-oxygenised palaeolake with rich periphyton and partially rocky to gravelly bottom. Moreover, the presence of the terrestrial snail Caspicyclotus cf. akramowsii, the peri- to semiaquatic Latonia, Natrix, and Allophaiomys cf. pliocaenicus reflects wet-shore habitats surrounding the lake. The specimens of Latonia sp. from Pasinler represent the youngest fossils of Latonia recorded from western Asia. Apparently, Latonia survived well into the Early Pleistocene in western Asia and southern Europe. Due to progressive cooling during the Late Pleistocene, however, the genus finally became extinct to the north of its present distribution area. The presence of the arvicolid Allophaiomys cf. pliocaenicus allows for dating the locality at ca. 1.0 to 1.55 Ma. The overlying alluvial sediments of the Pasinler Beds mark the onset of sedimentation of the Palaeo-Araks River into the basin and are Middle to Late Pleistocene in age.
... Turkey, a unique part of Western Palaearctic sub region, has also a unique and rich malacofauna of great zoogeographical importance, though yet not fully covered [5]. Studies to determine distribution and taxonomy of gastropods in Turkey have mostly been carried out by foreign researchers in certain areas, especially geographically available points [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. ...
This study was carried on two important streams of Gökova Bay between March and August 2001. Within the study period 7 taxa were determined on Akçapõnar Stream. In Akçapõnar stream, Theodoxus heldreichi fluvicola Schütt andeen 1992, Pseudamnicola geldiayana Schütt, 1970, Bithynia leachi troschelii (Paasch, 1842), Valvata piscinalis (O. F. Müller, 1774), Potamopyrgus jenkinsi (Smith, 1889), Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Stagnicola palustris O. F.Müller, 1774 were found. In Akyaka Kadõn Azma �õ stream additionally to these 7 taxa, Radix labiata (Rossmässler,1835) and Oxyloma elegans (Risso,1826) were also determined. Furthermore, frequency, dominance, and distributional patterns of taxa for each station were analyzed. The relationship between some water quality parameters and the distribution of aquatic gastropods were analyzed. According to the results, physiochemical changes in water affect the development and distribution of aquatic gastropods.
... Pleistocene fossil records of pyrgulinid gastropods support our findings of a close affinity of Anatolian and Ponto-Caspian gastropods. Schütt (1989) described Micromelania (Turricaspia) backhuysi from Quaternary deposits in south-west Turkey (10 km south of Konya), providing an original description that resembles recent Euxinipyrgula from the Azov-Black Sea Basin. Falsipyrgula osmana (Bukowski, 1930) is known only from the Pleistocene sand of Lake Burdur (Schütt, 1990;Yildirim, 1999). ...
Aim The aims of this study are to establish a multi-locus phylogeny-based hypothesis for the biogeographical relationship of gastropods from the putative ancient Lake Egˇirdir, to test the respective null hypothesis, to estimate the timing of biogeographical events based on independent molecular clock approaches, and to interpret the data with respect to the putative ancient character of Lake Egˇirdir.
Location Lake Egˇirdir, western Taurus Lake District, Turkey.
Methods DNA sequences from the putatively only extant endemic taxon of Lake Egˇirdir, Falsipyrgula pfeiferi, as well as representatives of other pyrgulinid genera from Europe and western Asia are used for phylogenetic analyses based on Bayesian inference. The respective null hypothesis is tested utilizing parametric bootstrapping. The timing of evolutionary events is estimated based on two independent molecular clock approaches, which involve the modelling of judicious errors associated with branch-length calculations and calibration points.
Results Bayesian inference indicates a very close relationship between the Lake Egˇirdir and Ponto-Caspian taxa. Parametric bootstrapping rejects the null hypothesis that these taxa are not monophyletic (P ≤ 0.01). The alternative hypothesis, namely monophyly of the Ponto-Caspian and Egˇirdir taxa, can therefore be accepted. The two independent molecular clock approaches show diversion times for the Ponto-Caspian/Egˇirdir taxa of 0.42 ± 0.18 and 0.43 ± 0.63 Ma.
Main conclusions The present study shows that there is no close biogeographical affiliation between the probably only remaining endemic taxon of Lake Egˇirdir and taxa from central Europe or the Balkan region. Instead, there is a very close and relatively young (i.e. late Pleistocene) biogeographical relationship with the Ponto-Caspian pyrgulinids. However, fossil and comparative data from other invertebrates indicate that biogeographical connections between Lake Egˇirdir and the Ponto-Caspian region existed during various time periods, i.e. the Miocene/Pliocene, early Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene. Acknowledging the still-restricted knowledge of the evolutionary history of the lake, the data presented here do not reject the putative ancient status of Lake Egˇirdir. Future studies utilizing endemic taxa of other lakes in the region need to show whether the western Taurus Lake District represents a melting pot of Pleistocene refuge biodiversity from different regions, and whether the admixture of divergent lineages has created a genetically distinct set of taxa that would warrant the designation of the area as a unique biogeographical subregion.
... It is more difficult to locate a precise time frame and the area of this introduction. Reliable paleontological records from southern Turkey ( Schçtt 1989Schçtt , 1990) and the Azov-Black Sea Basin show that most likely it was the time of Chaudian or Ancient-Euxinian Age ( Fig. 2)-here and there identical or extremely similar gastropod species occurred (see above). Later, several repetitive transgressions from the Mediterranean Sea extinguished all faunal elements of the Ponto-Caspian type in the open parts of the ancient Black Sea and they only remained in the freshened sites of estuaries and mouths of large rivers (e.g., Mordukhai-Boltovskoj 1960). ...
A recent phylogenetic study based on mitochondrial DNA data suggested that the hydrobiid genus Falsipyrgula from SW Anatolia and Euxinipyrgula from the Azov-Black Sea Basin are closely related. Here, new data on the protoconch morphology are provided and radular and anatomical data of this group of hydrobiid gastropods from the Azov-Black Sea Basin are reviewed. It is also shown that the supposed close relationship between the two aforesaid genera is reflected in an involved combination of similarity and dissimilarity of their representatives. The most prominent teleoconch dissimilarity of Falsipyrgula and Euxinipyrgula is a keel in former and absence of a keel in latter. Homology and origin of the keel in Falsipyrgula from the shoulder of Euxinipyrgula is hypothesized and discussed in detail. Protoconch morphology and characters of the reproductive systems of both sexes suggest that Falsipyrgula is more similar to Euxinipyrgula from the Azov-Black Sea Basin than to any other known hydrobiid from the Balkan (e.g., Pyrgula and Dianella). Paleontological data and the region's paleogeography suggest that the evolution of the genus Falsipyrgula is historically connected to the Black Sea Basin rather than to the Balkan's ancient lakes Ohrid or Prespa. The Anatolian genus Falsipyrgula and the Azov-Black Sea Basin's genera Turricaspia and Euxinipyrgula are attributed to the subfamily Turricaspiinae B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1915. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intramontanous basins are evident in northeast Anatolia. The Erzurum basin-zone, which is named after the biggest city of the region called Erzurum, is a west-east running morphological depression line in the area of Çayirli-Aşkale-Erzurum-Pasinler and Horasan. The basin of Pasinler is divided from the Erzurum-basin only by a volcanic barrier (Deveboynu geçidi) east of Erzurum. It raises 2,050 m above sea level. The build-up of this area has been marked by distinct compressing tectonics since the Cenozoic. Seismic activity is mirroring these compressive forces that are a consequence of the collision of the northern and southern plates. This elongated intramontanous basin-zone with its straight-lined west-east direction shows the same strike like the older subsurface. It broke down inbetween the North-Anatolian ophiolite suite that has been rising since the upper Miocene. The sinking of the intramontanous basin of Pasinler had its beginning as early as the lower Pliocene. The eastern Erzurum basin, namely the basin of Pasinler, has a certain exceptional position between the intramontanous basins. This is due to the fact that limnic sedimentation is still evident in the higher Pliocene, while in contrast for nearly all other basins this is not the case. It even persisted during the Pleistocene. The erosion and outwash processes of the basin of Pasinler are marked by river terraces at least for the younger Pleistocene. The diverse climatic influences with partly different morphodynamics are always showing only modifying effects, This is also the case for the basin of Pasinler. The overall mostly important determining parameters for the formation of the basin are tectonics, rock sequences and lithology. This research is based on fieldwork and excavations in the basin of Pasinler. It was realized by a research project thankworthy supported by the Atatürk University of Erzurum. © 2005 Gebrüder Borntraeger, D-14129 Berlin · D-70176 Stuttgart.
To date, based on the studies of foreign and Turkish malacologists, 28 basommatophoran snail species belonging to 16 genera from 5 families (Physidae, Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae, Ancylidae, and Acroloxidae) have been found in freshwaters of Turkey. In Turkey, the genera Acroloxus (1 species), Galba (1), Stagnicola (1), Radix (2), Lymnaea (1), Physa (1), Physella (1), Planorbarius (1), Ferrissia (1), Planorbis (2), Anisus (4), Bathyomphalus (1), Gyraulus (8), Hippeutis (1), Ancylus (1) and Bulinus (1) are recognized. Also, 16 species (including 8 recent) and 5 subspecies are known from Quaternary fossil deposits of Turkey.
Lake Egirdir is an "A class wetland" according to international criteria and in terms of the protection of biological diversity. The lake connects to Lake Kovada via a regulator and channel system. Lake Kovada is one of the important Nature Conservation Areas in Turkey. In this study, the possibility of using Mollusca for assessment of water quality in lakes Egirdir and Kovada, study-area water quality according to physico-chemical parameters, variety and distribution of Mollusca, and ecological aspects were investigated from July 2010 to June 2011. Mollusk fauna in the working field was represented by 11 taxa of Gastropoda and 2 taxa of Bivalvia. Radix auricularia at El station; Theodoxus heldreichi heldreichi, Falsipyrgula pfeiferi, Radix labiata, Planorbis planorbis and Hippeutis complanatus at E2 station; Gyraulus albus at K1 station; Physella acuta at K2 station; Bithynia pseudemmericia and Graecoanatolica lacustristurca at E3 station; Borysthenia naticina at C3 station and Pisidium casertanum at C2 station reached to the highest dominance. Water quality was determined using by physicochemical parameters. Three different classes of water quality were determined. Based on the assessments, the stations on Lake Egirdir (E1, E2, E3) were unpolluted, those on Kovada channel (C1, C2, C3) moderately polluted, while those on Lake Kovada (K1, K2, K3) slightly polluted. The relationships between the total number of individuals and environmental measurements were determined by Pearson correlation index. The results of analysis suggest a significant correlation between the total number of individuals and some environmental measurements such as dissolved oxygen, pH, total hardness, anions and cations. Additionally, Hippeutis complanatus was firstly recorded from the Lake Egirdir.
The some taxonomic characters of species in superfamily Hydrobioidea (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) distrubuted in freshwater of Isparta. In this study, it has been given some anatomical characters of species in superfamily Hydrobioidea collected from the Isparta provinces and determined 4 species in the wreshwater habitat. Falsipyrgula pfeiferi Weber 1927; Graecoanatolica lacustristurca Radoman 1973; Graecoanatolica kocapinarica Radoman 1973; Bythinella turca Radoman 1976) The anatomical diagrams using in description of species, except for Falsipyrgula pfeiferi Weber, 1927 has been given far the first time. Özet: Bu araştirmada Isparta ili sucul sistemlerinden toplanmiş olan Hydrobioidea taksonuna ait olan 4 tür Falsipyrgula pfeiferi Weber 1927; Graecoanatolica lacustristurca Radoman 1973; Graecoanatolica kocapinarica Radoman 1973; Bythinella turca Radoman 1976 bazi anatomik karakterleri incelenmiştir. Tür ayriminda kullanilan morfolojik ve anatomik incelemeler Falsipyrgula pfeiferi Weber 1927 türü hariç, diğer taksonlar için ilk kez verilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Isparta, Tatlisu, Hydrobioidea, Gastropoda, Taksonomi.
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