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Hacia la elaboración de modelos de la fluidez social I: Teoría de la fluidez social y teorías de la complejidad

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En las últimas décadas, diferentes autores han argumentado la conveniencia de describir los elementos fundamentales de las sociedades contemporáneas como fluidificados. Ello ha conducido a que se vaya elaborando un modelo teórico de la fluidez social, que necesita ser perfilado y completado. Este trabajo, que se complementa con una segunda parte, tiene como objetivo construir las bases necesarias para hacer empíricamente aplicable dicho modelo teórico. Para ello, se revisan los principales conceptos que las llamadas “Teorías de la Complejidad” han utilizado al modelar procesos complejos en otros campos de la ciencia; se señalan las limitaciones que estas teorías tienen a la hora de modelar la complejidad característica de la fluidez de las sociedades contemporáneas y se discute el modo como esos conceptos deberían ser modificados o ampliados para poder ser útiles en el marco del desarrollo de una teoría de la fluidez social.
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Athenea Digital - 14(2): 203-226 (julio 2014) -ENSAYOS- ISSN: 1578-8946
HACIA LA ELABORACIÓN DE MODELOS DE LA FLUIDEZ SOCIAL I: TEORÍA DE
LA FLUIDEZ SOCIAL Y TEORÍAS DE LA COMPLEJIDAD
TOWARDS MODELLING SOCIAL FLUIDITY I: THEORY OF SOCIAL FLUIDI TY AND TH EORIES OF
COMPLEXIT Y
Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares
Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; fgselgas@ucm.es
Historia editorial Resumen
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Palabras clave
5 +6
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8"
Abstract
Keywords
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#"! % '
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   $ % & #
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$-,  )  )
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Hacia la elaboración de modelos de la fluidez social I
% +!+ *( !
 ") *(  #+( 
!  "  #- *$ "- 
A?-6"3JB'.#- &( 
( + 0-5 +6A056!B
) # -#") 
, '( ,!*
* 056 
A$!**+B( 4
,+) $$$ /2
#!-'( 
   "   
 ( --&*AB)
A *B'
,#   " 
#"$ " 
)**% +'6!
4,"$*
( #$( * 
"+)!#+')
"  ,)- ( #
  ( "
9 $  *)$  A !**"$&
 $ 'B'$#
!-) "#,,'L 
,#)+$*
)( *
---( !  
" *#9!
"" )"4 
, - (  )" 
,( ( /2/#
 2)!'
K*- -&    A
B$9&4 !*AK=B 
&-  A6" B$A?B'

Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares
Para transitar del modelo teórico de la fluidez social a
otros empíricamente aplicables
! , ( ( )
#++*% +( 
( # % -
A'B )9-#
*"'.(   
( % +A  'B
,  %   /% +
,)2( "* 
  )"-,% '
 *,- ( -
*"( ! +% +'*056
  -!#-!"*
"-# ( "-*)
  (  #!'K#- )
#*-)!
"( +
( "A! # )! B)#
"  +* "  ,  # /2
A! )! BAK HHEHHI'B'( 
" #$ *( 
*)  +"!-&
 )! ,( 
"- )% ,A1HHEHHJ'JB)( 
*,'- !"),
, % +" '$
( ! 
(  ) ( $-
*" $ A     #  *"
'B!)$( #
 ,)
)+ )#'1#
*#! 
* ,'+
##"*"-  % 
"(  $  AK<)7B'

Hacia la elaboración de modelos de la fluidez social I
(  *"( !$( 
)" !+*% 
+'
Complejidad y TFS
#"*( , 
,"-*-# #( -
 ( "-,-!
$!( ,
 , ')*( 
&"(   *! , )
 ## *) 
 +*$!'N!-! "" 
!$# *!),9
*$
 *"-  *
"OO) *"- 
&"OO'
$*
/ 2/2/"2)/ 2
 )-*'
*/"2 #
,")#"-*)
( +!# 
!'
*(  
 " #( 
-$$) "
+#% #'
"/ "+#2?"L8).
""AHJJB)/"2CC=AHIB( ,
 #*
  !*"'
.  #**#.I'

Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares
# *$" "OO( *
* *""( 
/"*2"(  #+ 
 
# #   / *  2 A ) 9 HH3 ? )
0+!37)."JB'
K&"  $,&*
( -$"( 
 *,-/-,201'
Figura 11% ! # -,'5 P!6<)'
J
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Hacia la elaboración de modelos de la fluidez social I
6- ! "$&$056
  -&,
+*,-
(   056'
0(  $ $ *"(  
 !"(  $
"$"( *" #( 
+*9( 
+#'6-,!"+* 
# ##% ,( -9"
*( "  
"'
$-$  
 ( ( ##  ,
A*##B( !)'K +
**+*"!)
) , ")% 
+)% ,( +)'
7$"( )-+*
$ )   $
, ( #) 
")#*( 
," !)(  "A#
,?-@#HHIB'6""+*  
 #+$ "
)  056(  !
#AB)&$"( 
 )( ## '
! )& 
!!$-)056#" 
-) ( $
$,,#"*-&)( )!"
  ,'.#
(  !/2)/201!)( "/# 2# 
/ 2/A! )! B*2# /" 
"*2'.#$#-
#4'
I
Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares
 & (    )+
,9-&% +
'(  )+( 
# 056 #-/ 2
)01(  ,
- ))!")9#
$'
Claves teóricas para desarrollar modelos en la TFS
1),++*!
%  (         !*
A"+*-3&3# **"3  
$ 3'B $A""$
  ))*B(  
 #) #( ,% ,
 *'. 7 
1AHHEHHJB056 #% +" 
AB % ,( % +-
( )( -
+!(  9(   !
-% ,'
6"056 %    *
A  B -# (  *!"
% ,( $"-
'K 0564#"
*"( -*
!"*A ## )  
B&(  "% ,
% ,)( ,% ,( 
   %  ( ( 
" !-$
 #'K*"
- **""*#
.,/ 2 # A !,
 ! !,  $"!98
B ( & " " " 
'
H
Hacia la elaboración de modelos de la fluidez social I
#  % +(    ( 
 ")% , +'
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-*"A)B*A)B
*"A #* ) B  
( ( +*
)+'( 
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+' "$(  )
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'B ))( +% , 
$  
+9'% ,'Q+$-" 
" #$% , )*),
 "( !#
" *  '( -
"+'.- ( "
"#( " 
,( )( % ,"  +*
) % !)$% ,% ,"
(  +*)    $
+'- ( !)
")( !
% +$( % ,J( % +& "A% 
)B  9  % "
 ) +A" !
B  % +( +
, ,"(  ), 
")   '0 )
% ,( "$
)#,( # #I)
6" *-$% ,% 
% ( &  '
J. " *% ,% +A) *B#5?-6"
'I'
IN( -(  "!A!" 01'"'C,HIB# A!
'"'.! CKG)0)HH3>!)C"HIB,!"
"( "*(  *A"B
,)$&3 A 
B",3#  

Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares
"-% +'.( -
 +&*'
R)#+!#( #*056$!
!!% + *&
(  #)# % )
" -H
  )-  ) 
A!!" 'B( ,$
  "
*  ) )
 "( #)
(  !#)AB
 *
!) ! AB
A*EB( " -#
(  #),,( 
!   ,9 #) 
 
 "!")
*,*  )% 9*
 -( !( 
# ")
% +9 ) -
 % $  *
") ( )
AB+*AB*'
&#% +&!
")% +,'K & 
$, *( 
'., -! % +
 ""!"3)"  
 -# &'
H. *$-% +#?-6"'
I'

Hacia la elaboración de modelos de la fluidez social I
,(  *,( ( +$ 
( 
 ) !!!*9)
$))9*% ,3
4!*% &* +*
) , 
#   " /2 #
" )( #
 #% +3
&*#&*-
 ( ) ( 4
% +'
K, **% +
,)  #!*% &
*)*% +( 
!* $AB( -
 %  % )) )
+*(  '- $
 %  ##)
#% A.""B9(  
)$AC,HIB/ 2 )
-% ""*)""*'
6" $!+*( ( ( - 
( !A?-6"J'IHB
" *% +) 
*-( ( A 
-    'B    A  "&  )  #B    
"-A"--# +)-
B $*% ,
$*% )!
01( $
 /K9)9*2 G K AHHEHHI'B'
  "&% +)"01-
( /  2 ") &
/!"2-) %  $)
#AGNP)K<+=HH31#)K4$HI37!)59JB'

Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares
1  % , "-(  # # ,
"*"#
)( "+
 ),A )*B',$ 
  
 + &( 4#
'
1  % ,   ) #  )   #
  *,
   !     (    
 "*4  #*)
!) ##% ),'
1 $% ,
" )  *(  
##  %   )    "   S
!T-#)
#'
K"  #9
  "( #-( ( 4
"
' "( %  
$9* " )
)+ 
 9'
)#, " +$
% ,( )+!!3
( !),% !)
% ,!)% +( "-
"+*% ,( -
'
L- !"##+
'N)!% ,"% ,$
A% , B(  +*  
 $!" A?-6"HHHB( % +( !)+
 A ( , !-  (  $ 
"B!(     /2(  , 
 $"U'

Hacia la elaboración de modelos de la fluidez social I
+( ,&( 
% , ' !!( " 
-) !*( ,
 'V ( #,( 
 #) #"-)
+(  '.  ( 
+" !!(  "
* ++
% +
K",% $
 #  )  ( ,," 
) *!
 " % ,' (     
,)(  !,"
&,'.#
*/# 2,/##2'
.!-( - ,) 
"+" ( "
"  ""' ( " -
"-*  *
,,,
+ A  "B 
, "'
C-( &*)-
)"U 
'K !!( ,)
" ( #( $*( $-
# ##'
1 056 
% % ,9 )
+*$( ,'.)
 
% +'L-94( !
#- *"*% +( 
 K -"/,*2 */!
 *2'

Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares
)#"
!#(  +*  
( ! *)*% +
 "- 
'!""-#*
#( + *056
*( #"% +)+*
 -A-
"'B)"A?-6"J'
B( !( "-"
(  )( 
% +A7)K<HH'B'N!-( 
!),"-/2AG,HJEHIH3C<)HHJB
/# 2AMHHEHH3K HHHEB/2AGHIIEHH3
R)B( +#*"*
##  " -  
$( ( -!! +$'
Aplicabilidad de las TC: estabilizaciones y componentes
en la fluidez social
De la emergencia a la estabilización
W#!&" AP!6<)B
" , 
 01'N!! P!6<)" 
( **)
"+( #" A"B
&A-B"!
$"(  *'
6"&*( !)
' ) )  
 ( ( A -" 
)!*")9-"( B-#
+*056+'.(  
9(      
#*  "*""

Hacia la elaboración de modelos de la fluidez social I
' (   *-(  
 #-  '
6" (  *! 
% ( "056"+ 
 ""#)( 
,,% +""#
+) $ ,   /2( 
 "  '
   !( 
!!!   "( ( 
 $4 *- )
( "- +*
'" ( 4 ! # 
 ( ( "
 # ( !   #+
$#( "###$&)
 # *( ")
*#A)B(  $056)( 
   #     #* 
"),
+* % ,#'. , " 
  -  "  *"*
 K""#  AB( ( 
3AB""#- #
** AB#
*)""*3A#B!)#!
A*)B'L"   )-
 ( " ""-( -
'
K  *   
# ")% $ # , 
'. '
R+ &  
 "/ 2', )
"+'.( 9
+'
5   #", 
*+)   **###-( 
"  " '
 6<) *  A1=)>!)HHB( 
# -!-) ) )
(    # )( # 
#    
#'

Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares
 ,)% ,#A( 
) &" B ( #-) 
*""$ *A
!* (     )"
>""B*" #
% $"&#'
. ( +$ #"  (   *   " 
056$( $*"
 (  ( ) ,# 
*"    *  #
    +* - )  '
( *" + 9( 
 AB)#*
)(  )G  ?
 #    )  " 
#+(  #'
( (  *""
*) " *( 
#+" 
"  ( " 
"+ 9
,(  '.,
 */ ,-2
&")-'
" /#+
 2)HI.-)7' 
$( " 
#"+ - !  * $" 
 6<)9'
"*(  ( /
2 ) #( $/,2
"  ,$-
 ( 01)G'.#!
' ",
""-#/2
 ( AB !   ,"
"))AB
J
Hacia la elaboración de modelos de la fluidez social I
"$( $"
) )#( #-( - 
A " + #B&( 
*( #*# ) "+
*A! B*)" 
"*'"  "-&
056$( "
)!"+)
,( # % (  "
)( A)
B    #   #* A  ) "3  )
"B( +*
*% &*( ") '
E. Estabilizaciones
estructurantes
09  A ) " B3 
)$-& 
 
D. Emergencias
(meta)estables*
6   " #$" 
# "!!-&
,"
C. Emergencias o
estabilizaciones
efímeras
0*9    
*" #-&
 *#+
B. Procesos interacti-
vos de estabilización
.  ***"
* **&! )
A. Componentes
momentáneamente
estabilizados:
"! )!  (  
$+
,'
XR-A *,B  
( )+
$ $ )9 % 
 (  )(  +
$#  *A! 
 #( &$  #!  *
( $$  B'
Tabla 1.9* 6<)AB056
0 #(  
+6<)   +*   056!-(   "
 *)*# ")
+* !AB)!,AB)
*")"+!( 
 ) ( "  '
"  "-$4 # 
I
Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares
% ,$AB( ,- 
+% "'
0 Ingredientes básicos
o primarios
5 ,"-Y)
Z
Tabla 2.""+*'
Los componentes que interaccionan: ingredientes y flujos
1)!!!")
( #)  * $
,( ' 6 "(  
 ## ,( ( &
'.( (  +*( 
"( )-  +AB 
## ,)-
( -)( "+
# ) 
 "( ,
,( 
)(  *" 3 AB   *)"& ( -
" #,( ( 
#&)"
  #(  # 
 #,( !)(   )
( " #"##'
  # (    " !)
( "&056
"-)( $ '
" % ,!( 
 #  % ,
#&'6"- 
  !  *   '  
 !*'
- !  
"--( 
 ( ! +!*# #( 
056+% +'
H
Hacia la elaboración de modelos de la fluidez social I
) "-( #-'-
,% "-(  &
'% ,"  #*
"  - 
'-% ,A")B 
+)#( " "+
#",#"+ %  
+'
 ,-" $"% ,
+$)% ,"'K-% ,)
" " (  
*)( J'*-!$
% ,"'N% ,( 
 - * % ,$) % ,"
 -( 
 "(  )'
L##"( % ,+% 
  #$*'
Retroacción de las propiedades emergentes sobre los componentes
1)!# !)01( 
+*)"+* - )  
056'R "+#"
."") " + "+
**"""-  "* 
* #I' K   "+* (  
/+*"2 ",   !
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)E, + 
( " "( '
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*AHIHEHHB"$AG  HIEHHB
"*AK HHEHHIB'
I WCC=AHIB?"L8).""AHJJB?!!)C 6!<"AHIB)
>"">!)?UC"AHIB'. #) 
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
Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares
Y.( "$ZG
( $  $)-  
#   *)+' -
-+A$B# '6
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""$ "*
')+*"
#"*# /#
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,"#A)B'
 -   " * + 
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(  #/""2 *
 !'6"#
#$/&
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. ++*""$
"( " -( -A?-@#
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" R "+#(  "AB
 - !" )( 
3AB )% ,"-)4A
B3AB#+)( 
"  &+( "
  ),A["+*[ 
  B3A#B +
H  +*"*$+&9A-
 9B( *+( ""
 & (  *'V$
*( "/#2'N! "
"*#   & +
  )( +*( *#
'V"&&" *
A #*" B$
*& )  ")- #'
 &A)B+*" &
( -*  ( $% ,"-)'6% ,
#  &" 'K*#* 
& 9'V!&$ 
 - , !
&

Hacia la elaboración de modelos de la fluidez social I
*#A["[ #BA#B"  
-, ( !+
 ,A[ "+*[[ [[
$[[  *[B'7+
 +*  
* ) ##( 
AB/  2'7( -
&**( ""( /
2'
K*(   ")
 #'6" !
*-) ( ( $ #
"&"" 
# #'    ,   "-
" ,"! )! 
  "  ,##'7
- +*  ,# *
 ,,A"!  
'B'L- "  ,# !! !
 # $ " +*$
,'
6 ))!! ( "
 9  A 9 #-   
(  #)( *
,( "B
*," )
,"056,3
+* % ," *
*) '
K"-056  /
92-  * !"
'.!/2/2/"
2,(  +*% ,
" )#'N
 K(  "-"% +( 
056 )$)( +$!-( $
 "-( +)*"+AB'

Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares
(  ( !!A% B ,"
( # ))# "
%  $#'.##
)"" #,
(    # *$ #"
 ) $    #     
/,"29 #,)  
"/!!2  #
, ( (  
 $'$)- $
 ,( "'
 (  $)( "
+#  " ,
(  +9 #'7 !
#  ! ,, 
+*")*"-( -,)
"+ *
")*"#'6""+"
! ! ! 9
( &"#-&
 (       !  )(  $ 
#, (  #+
&-#( -"
"  #" 
-!!$)*)")$"-
" #""
, " /
&2'
"  "- ,
  #-",)"
-##'6""
 ,  $ 
 *-( #* ""
  *(  !#'V !
9'/ #2
 &* " 
"  -

Hacia la elaboración de modelos de la fluidez social I
" "* ' *-
*"(   
#'K *-
*",(  A 
/,"2 B&#
( &-'
N" ( "
,AB9 &
A )&#B)( (  
  ,)#-!&
  ( !+% +( ( 
+*'
Referencias
G,7,AHJEHIHB' !"#'70  '
G?"AHIIEHHB'$'G?'
G F)" AB'%&'"'1"ARPB.)'
G7!AHIEHIIB' #'76"OO8'
GM.'3NN#3P))K<+=AHHB'K"
 #)'(")*+,ABJ'
!DEE9''"E'EJJAHBI
G  .AHIEHHB'$-'70  '
17 AHHEHHJB'%./0%'7
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1#. )K4AHIB':)"  '7 
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)3/1 4#5".6789A'HIB'L<V=
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1=P6')>!)M'7'AHHB'0<!  
9!"!)<=)'#5":;HJ'
!DEE9''"E'E #''I'IH'
M!AHIHEHHB' "'G?
M! 7')9AHHB'<=5'1"7
:780.'
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?-@#AHHB'6@"+8D)6
6)0<619)'>":**HH'

Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares
?-@#AHHIB'R9*$%   
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?-@#AB'7# #,1'
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"  #-'M7-?-G).
L#A'B?'--@A'JJB'7186'
?-6"5AB'. "--% +
 #'(!"5AABJ'
?-6"5AB'G( , -% +'(!"
5:*AB'
?-6"5AJB'5BC/$!'
7186'
?L")0+!P ?'AB'5'
7!RP@R#).'
C=CAHIB'5"/.'G6"W"'
C<)NAHHJB''DEF5D''L<V= "'
C,.7'AHIB'0<:)66)6@"+6
766)'CR!?M'
G'.A'B54C'55"A'
JIB'G6"'
M5AHHEHHB' !('70D
K G AHHEHHIB'N*&-"-)""-'
7( N!)5M#0A'B5!
A'HB'G?'
K G AHHHEB'%C(/$"
'G?'
K<M!AB'''K' "'
K<M!)7A'BAB'2'KN =R#)
.'
7!NK')59@')AJB''BG
/G6"'
7M!C')."6D'AJB'2#"'.LM
.R#).'
7)K<M!AHHB'"L<=5 
60")'555J'
!DEE9''"E'JJEJH
L?").""8)AHJJB'54C1&5"'
L<V=>)6'

Hacia la elaboración de modelos de la fluidez social I
.!?3! >'G3CM!C'3KGG=)0). 
AHHB'&=='(":
+HAB:J'!DEE9''"E'EJJIHAHBHIJH
!?!)C 6!<"A'BAHIB'5C":
."'5= 1 W"'
6<)P!AB'5/5"'1"
1"R#).'
6AB'%IB/75"'
R)M!AB'<2"'1".)'
>""GAB' =)7 @"'$"%5/
9-!DEE<<<''E>)1NEE8'!
>!>"")C"?UAHIB'2'J#
5"'G6"W"'

9$" 2#2 /A/
R1)  ( y 
+ )     — p  (  *   
(  *
Atribución: R   
!+'. ! ( +(  "( 
) ( !'
) 
... En este orden de ideas, la investigación asume los procesos sociales, económicos, culturales, ecológicos y propios de la comunidad como parte esencial de los procesos a través de los cuales se definen los componentes del sistema, cuya heterogeneidad y complejidad nos acercan a la noción de "una realidad social como una realidad fluida" y en constante cambio (García y García, 2014). Así, el sistema propuesto reconoce la naturaleza de los componentes como "flujos" asignada por García Selgas y García Olivares en el apartado "Claves teóricas para desarrollar modelos en la Teoría de la Fluidez Social (TFS)" (pp. ...
... RECONSTITUCIÓN DE VÍNCULOS SOCIALES Y TERRITO-RIALES, como posibilidad y necesidad para que las intervenciones se desarrollen teniendo en cuenta aspectos físicos del territorio y sociales de la comunidad. De este modo, la caracterización que describe a la forma social fluida como una articulación material, contingente, abierta y disputada de relaciones que son parte del efecto de procesos constantes de (des)estabilización o (des)ordenación (García y García, 2014) aplica para todos y cada uno de los elementos intangibles del sistema que reconstituyen los vínculos sociales y construyen lo colectivo y lo comunitario (Figura 5). ...
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The development of project processes requires the construction of efficient strategies that allow optimal response to problems recognized in territories that are going to be intervened. Understanding the notion of project strategy involves testing the principles that define it through projecting exercises. Thus, the paper presents an approach to research-creation based on establishing the essential principles of a project strategy, which, in abstract terms, involves different intervention options. It proposes the possibility of constructing a project strategy based on the tension between territorial system and collective participatory architecture, as well as on the recognition of the systemic notion and the importance of collective memory. Finally, project strategy, with its dialectical character and within the disciplinary autonomy of design, is established as an open, dynamic, and constantly evolving notion.
... For this model to be strengthened and refi ned, it needs to be used much more in empirical research, deployed in many different fi elds, and implemented by different theoretical approaches that stretch and invigorate it, as well as complemented by the development of a methodological apparatus that fi ts the vision that it promotes. This could be done both by proposing research techniques capable of swimming effectively in this chaotic fl ow (Law 2004) and by adjusting any possible graphic or mathematical means that would make it possible to build applied models (Gracia Selgas and García Olivares, 2014). The reluctance of a number of scientists to acknowledge they are currently using some version of this theoretical model in their studies and their hesitancy in becoming engaged in these tasks makes it diffi cult to dispel the ambiguity that exists in the categories of a model that a model that remains in an in an incipient and hesitant state. ...
... Por último, a la hora de señalar líneas de fuga de este modelo hay que resaltar su inmadurez general. Para afi anzarse y refi narse necesita ser utilizado en muchas más investigaciones empíricas, desplegadas en campos muy diversos, e implementado por distintos enfoques teóricos que lo estiren y dinamicen, así como complementado con el desarrollo de un aparato metodológico que se adecue a la visión que promueve tanto con la propuesta de técnicas de investigación capaces de nadar con efi cacia en esta caótica fl uidez (Law, 2004) cuanto con el eventual ajuste de medios gráfi cos o matemáticos con los que construir modelos aplicados de esta concepción (García Selgas y García Olivares, 2014). La renuencia de no pocos científi cos a reconocer que sus investigaciones asumen alguna versión de este modelo teórico y, por tanto, a embarcarse en estas tareas difi culta que se vaya disipando la ambigüedad que hay en las categorías de un modelo que no termina de encontrarse en un estado incipiente y dubitativo. ...
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After merely a brief, comparative reconstruction of the three most general theoretical models underlying contemporary Sociology (atomic, systemic, and fluid) it becomes necessary to review the question about the unity or plurality of Sociology, which is the main objective of this paper. To do so, the basic terms of the question are firstly updated by following the hegemonic trends in current studies of science. Secondly the convergences and divergences among the three models discussed are shown. Following some additional discussion, the conclusion is reached that contemporary Sociology is not unitary, and need not be so. It is plural, but its plurality is limited and articulated by those very models. It may therefore be portrayed as integrated and commensurable, to the extent that a partial and unstable (dis)unity may be said to exist in Sociology, which is not too far off from what happens in the natural sciences.
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Contents: R.O. Fox: Introduction and fundamentals of modeling approaches for polydisperse multiphase flows. - D.L. Marchisio: Quadrature method of moments for polydisperse flows. - M. Massot: Eulerian multi-fluid models for polydisperse evaporating sprays. - B.H. Hjertager: Multi-fluid CFD analysis of chemical reactors - J.J. Derksen: The lattice-Boltzmann method for multiphase fluid flow simulations and Euler-Lagrange large-eddy simulations. - J. Reveillon: Direct numerical simulation of sprays: turbulent dispersion, evaporation and combustion
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