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Analysis of Sport Management Literature: European Sport Management Quarterly
Abstract
A profession must be built upon a sound body of knowledge in order for its professional status to be recognized and considered credible by society (Zeigler, 1987). The body of literature should also reflect and define the field (Fielding, Pitts, & Miller, 1991). To that end, examining the state of a body of literature is essential as the findings can reveal such significant information as content, trends, author collaboration, and topical gaps and disparities. The purpose of this study was to examine the European Sport Management Quarterly and its predecessor the European Journal for Sport Management. A content analysis of the journal from 1994 to 2012 was the methodology employed. Results determined that a vast majority of the papers are in four content areas – “Management and Organizational Skills in Sport”, “Sport Business in the Social Context”, “Sport Marketing”, and “Sport Economics”. Sport business industry segments as a focus of the papers stayed relatively the same over the years, although “International Sport” increased much more than any other industry segment. The gender focus of the articles was primarily male, and the authorship and editorial membership was also male-focused. The geographical dispersion of both authors and editorial review board members has broadened over time to be less European. Academics may find information from this study useful in developing strategies and lines of inquiry in research agendas. As well, editors of journals may utilize the findings to plan strategies related to addressing gaps or disparities.
... Uno de los factores más relevantes que facilitaron el nacimiento de las principales revistas de la gestión del deporte fue la progresiva creación de las distintas asociaciones regionales del campo (Pitts et al., 2014). Así, en 1985 surge la primera de ellas, la North American Society for Sport Management (NASSM), quien crea en 1987 la revista Journal of Sport Management. ...
... Más allá del nacimiento de revistas especializadas en el campo de la gestión del deporte al abrigo de asociaciones regionales, con el crecimiento del cuerpo de literatura en la gestión del deporte en la primera década del siglo XXI han ido incrementándose de forma significativa el número de revistas. Recientemente, Pitts et al. (2014) identificaron, tal y como se puede apreciar en la Tabla 1, un to-tal de 41 revistas académicas específicas del campo de estudio de la gestión del deporte o de áreas vinculadas al mismo, cuyas fechas de nacimiento reflejan la progresiva evolución que ha vivido el campo de estudios. ...
... Por su parte, Pitts et al. (2014) examinaron la revista ESMQ y su predecesora, la European Journal for Sport Management, realizando una revisión bibliográfica de la revista a través de un análisis de contenido de los 307 artículos publicados en la misma desde su nacimiento en 1994, hasta el 2012. Los resultados del estudio reflejaron que en la revista ESMQ, predominan cuatro áreas de contenido sobre el resto: gestión y habilidades organizacionales en el deporte, negocio deportivo en el contexto social, marketing del deporte y economía del deporte. ...
La industria del deporte tiene actualmente una gran repercusión e impacto en nuestra sociedad, en áreas tan diversas como la de la economía, los medios de comunicación, la saludo la política. Dada esta importancia, con el paso de los años se ha ido generando un campo académico específico propio de la gestión del deporte. Un área de estudios que ha vivido un gran crecimiento en un corto período de tiempo. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de aspectos relevantes que han ido configurando la identidad de la gestión del deporte como campo académico específico. Para ello, se ha recurrido a fuentes documentales de los autores más destacados del área de la gestión del deporte, poniendo especial atención a la construcción teórica del campo, sus principales revistas académicas y los principales temas y tendencias de las investigaciones. Las reflexiones finales del trabajo reflejan los principales avances que se han producido en este campo de estudio, así como las grandes oportunidades que actualmente genera la gestión del deporte para desarrollar una carrera académica y/o profesional y mirar con optimismo al futuro, donde sigue habiendo un gran espacio para su crecimiento.
... These original studies seemed to have sparked a new line of inquiry as there have been more studies published since 2001. Within these, the following journals have been analyzed using different research methods and studying different elements of the journal: five studies about or including the Journal of Sport Management (Pitts & Pedersen, 2005;Quarterman, Jackson, & Chen, 2006;Quarterman, Jackson, Kim, Yoo, Koo, Pruegger, & Han, 2006;Shilbury, 2011a;Shilbury, 2011b); three studies on the Sport Marketing Quarterly (Peetz & Reams, 2011;Pedersen & Pitts, 2001;Quarterman, Pitts, Jackson, Kim, & Kim, 2005); one study about the International Journal of Sport Management (Quarterman, Hwang, Han, Jackson & Pitts, 2013), the Journal of Sports Economics (Mondello & Pedersen, 2003), and Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport (Gordon & Yoh, 2007); three studies involving the European Sport Management Quarterly (Pitts, Danylchuk, & Quarterman, 2014;Shilbury, 2011a;Shilbury 2011b); and two studies about the Sport Management Review (Shilbury, 2011a;Shilbury, 2011b). Some involved more than one journal in search of specific content (Ciomaga, 2013;Shapiro & Pitts, 2014;Shilbury, 2011a;Smucker & Grappendorf, 2008). ...
... This scholarly activity is part of what produces the body of literature or body of knowledge. A body of knowledge should represent the field of study for which it exists, and should consist of a minimum body of basic and fundamental knowledge that is commonly possessed by members of the profession (Fielding, Pitts, & Miller, 1991;Pitts, Danylchuk, & Quarterman, 2014;Shapiro & Pitts, 2014). Examination of the body of knowledge is carried out to make a determination of its state. ...
... Content analysis methodology was deemed as the most appropriate method to provide an explicit examination of the journal-it is a powerful data reduction technique. This method has been used successfully in previous studies in this area of research in the field of sport management (Mondello & Pedersen, 2003;Pitts, Danylchuk, Quarterman, 2014;Pedersen & Pitts, 2001;Pitts & Pedersen, 2005;Shapiro & Pitts, 2014) and is used widely in many fields for this purpose. Content analysis has been defined as a systematic and replicable research methodology for compressing large amounts of text into content categories for examination based on rules of coding (Krippendorff, 1980;Stemler, 2013). ...
... Monitoring research trends, in turn, helps scientists, practitioners and policymakers understand the progress of science and technology. It can reveal such significant information as content, trends, topical gaps and disparities (Pitts et al., 2014). ...
Purpose: The work aims to extract topics that shape sport management science and investigate their dynamics over the past two decades.
Design/methodology/approach: A dataset containing abstracts of 6982 articles published in 2000–2020 is analysed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation. For each topic, we assess the dynamics of its popularity and impact. Next, we investigate the number of topics covered by one paper, and topic distributions for top journals and leading researchers.
Findings: Sport management encompasses both business and social topics, with a growing emphasis on the latter. The topics with growing popularity and impact are social context, sport for development and sport diversity. Interest in sport performance and fans loyalty is falling quite sharply. All other topics (sport events, sport marketing and customer behaviour) are of stable interest to the scientific community. Publications’ diversity remains relatively stable since 2009.
Originality: We analyse the general flow of scientific publications using a formal method that allows us to reveal the evolution of sports management in last two decades.
Research Contribution: Our results prove that researchers consider sport management and its effects on humans, treating this discipline as a business direction.
... With the increasing number of articles published in these journals, there has been an increasing need for scholars to examine how such research evolved over the decades. One such method of analysis comes from the comprehensive examination of the themes (i.e., areas that have attracted a significant level of interest from researchers) and trends (i.e., changes in level of interest directed at these research themes) within the articles published in these journals (Ciomaga, 2013;Peetz & Reams, 2011;Pitts, Danylchuk, & Quarterman, 2014;Shilbury, 2011aShilbury, , 2011b. ...
Introduction: Sport management is a relatively young and fast-growing academic discipline. Through the dedication of scholars, the field has matured into a distinctive discipline in recent years. Meanwhile, many Asian scholars collaborated to organize the Asian Association for Sport management (AASM), an association created with the purpose of bringing together academics in the field of sport management to not only promote but also carry out practical research. In order to gain a better understanding of the evolution of sport management research in Asia, the purpose of this study was to map out the sport management research landscape in Taiwan and Korea. Methods: Leximancer (a text-mining tool for visualizing the structure of concepts and themes in the text) was used by analyzing data from articles published in the Journal of Taiwan Society for Sport Management (from 2002 to 2017) and the Korean Journal of Sport Management (from 1996 to 2017). These two journals were selected due to their relatively long histories of publication and their large volumes of articles, which allow for more thorough and accurate analyses of trends and themes in these two nations. Results: Between the two journals, the themes "Sport" and "Satisfaction" were shared. However, Taiwanese studies in sport management placed more emphasis on the themes "Leisure" and "Education," while studies in Korea concentrated on "Professional" subjects. Taiwan studies also moved from a physical education focus toward participant experience in leisure activities, sporting events, and sports strategies over time. On the other hand, earlier studies in Korea focused more on the development of the sports industry and strategies to promote public sports, while recent articles emphasize sport participants' and spectators' behavior by empirically examining the relationship between variables such as satisfaction, service quality, value, brand image, attitude, and behavior. Conclusion: This study firstly examined and compared the sport management literature between Asian countries. The findings provide a better understanding of different patterns and trends of sport management research in Taiwan and Korea.
... In other words, the explicit use of feminist theories in sport management is limited or invisible/obscured. This is partially reflected in the results of several content analyses of sport management research in such publications as Journal of Sport Management and the European Sport Management Quarterly (Pitts, Danylchuk, & Quarterman, 2014;Pitts & Pedersen, 2005;Shaw & Hoeber, 2003;Veri, Fullwood, & Howard, 2009). These scholars not only looked at the content of these journals in general but they also looked at attention paid to gender. ...
Benschop and Verloo (Feminist organization theories: Islands of treasure, 2016) argue that while feminist theories are primarily used in management and organization research when the central focus is on gender, they have applicability beyond social power relations. Similarly, we contend that explicit feminist theorizing is also not common in sport management journals and when feminist theories are used they are rarely employed outside research on diversity/gender. In this chapter we explore how scholarship in sport management employs feminist theorizing. We comment on the use of four strands of feminism ((neo-)liberal, socialist, social-constructionist and poststructural/queer) and offer suggestions as to how a more frequent use of these feminist perspectives could enrich sport management research not only in the study of diversity but also in general theorizing.
... Based on expert feedback, one concept was revised (e.g., disability sport governing bodies), one topic was eliminated (e.g., Scot Hollonbeck) and 7 topics were added (e.g., Medical model, person first language, "Murderball" (the movie), inclusive vs. population specific sport, international and domestic funding models of disability sport, disability and collegiate sport) for a total of 41 items related to disability sport. The management functions, industry segments and the questions specific to sport management were supported by previous research and curriculum standards in regard to sport management content (Hsu, Huang, & Teng, 2012;Kajos, 2014;Mondello & Pedersen, 2003;Pedersen & Pitts, 2001;Pitts, 2016;Pitts, Danylchuk, & Quarterman, 2014;Pitts & Pedersen, 2005;Saijadi, Benham, Hashemi, Bakhshandeh, & Ahmadi, 2013;Shapiro & Pitts, 2014). This method has been utilized in a number of studies listed above regarding the analysis of sport management content areas or functions and sport business industry segments as well as the content areas recognized by COSMA. ...
Sport management curriculum standards (COSMA, 2016) require sport management programs to prepare students to work in a "diverse sport management environment" (p. 54). People with disabilities in sport is a growing segment of the sport business industry with viable jobs and careers for graduates. There is also a movement to include people with disabilities in "mainstream" sport. Sport management professionals must be informed of these current trends and issues. Thus, it is crucial to examine course content in relation to diversity, specifically disability sport. This study explored if sport management faculty included any content about people with disabilities and sport, what topics or content is included, and how it is included. Specifically, this study was limited to the one course in which an overview of the sport business industry and the study of sport management are introduced, the traditional introduction to sport management course. Result show inclusion of topics such as the Paralympic Games or Paralympic sport, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), Special Olympics International, and inclusion/integration of disabled athletes. A total of 16% of respondents indicated they do not include disability sport content in their introduction class. The connection of this content to sport management curriculum standards, methods of teaching disability sport, and implications for curriculum development are discussed.
... Mientras que en el ámbito anglosajón se han analizado revistas como European Sport Management Quarterly (Pitts, Danylchuk, & Quarterman, 2014), Journal of History of Sport (Hennessey, 2004) Gutiérrez-García, 2015). El objetivo de todos estos trabajos es analizar la evolución de dichas revistas y valorar su contribución al desarrollo de sus campos de conocimiento, ya que son publicaciones de referencia, analizando habitualmente la productividad de los autores, instituciones, países y temáticas representadas en sus artículos, así como sus patrones de citación. ...
El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar un análisis bibliométrico de los artículos publicados en la revista
editada por el Instituto Nacional de Deportes (IND). Para ello, se revisaron todos los números de la revista,
incluyendo la información bibliográfica así como la disciplina, institución de afiliación y país de los autores de
todos sus artículos. Se encontraron un total de 63 artículos, destacando las disciplinas de sociología y fisiología.
Además, han colaborado 141 autores de 50 instituciones pertenecientes a 7 países distintos. La promulgación
de la Ley 19712 reconoció la importancia de la actividad física para la sociedad chilena y creó el IND
y la política nacional de actividad física y deportes, siendo esta revista un aporte al desarrollo del campo de
estudio de las Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte.
... Mientras que en el ámbito anglosajón se han analizado revistas como European Sport Management Quarterly (Pitts, Danylchuk, & Quarterman, 2014), Journal of History of Sport (Hennessey, 2004) Gutiérrez-García, 2015). El objetivo de todos estos trabajos es analizar la evolución de dichas revistas y valorar su contribución al desarrollo de sus campos de conocimiento, ya que son publicaciones de referencia, analizando habitualmente la productividad de los autores, instituciones, países y temáticas representadas en sus artículos, así como sus patrones de citación. ...
As academias de ginástica são responsáveis pelo crescimento da Indústria do Esporte no Brasil. Não há conhecimento sistematizado sobre a produção acadêmica no que tange ao Marketing e às Academias no país. Dessa maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura nacional em bases eletrônicas de busca. Para isso, foram identificados cinco estudos, em diferentes áreas do conhecimento, com predominância dos temas Produto/Consumidor. As técnicas metodológicas são diferenciadas e reconhecidas como métodos de pesquisa em Gestão do Esporte. Considerando-se a pesquisa realizada, possibilidades de aplicação são evidenciadas e não há recomendações para pesquisas futuras nesses estudos. Sugerem-se novos levantamentos em outras fontes e replicação desse estudo no futuro.
Research question:
The contribution frames the special issue ‘Social responsibility and the European sport context’. It investigates and aims to inspire the discussion around what constitutes a European approach in social responsibility and sport management research focussing on how the special historical and persisting features of the European (sport) context impact on knowledge creation and diffusion.
Research methods:
The article reflects on the contributions included in the special issue; is based on reviewing relevant management literature; and is guided by the authors’ rich observations derived from their deep involvement in the international space of social responsibility in and through sport, spanning research and practice.
Results and findings:
Four anchors are suggested and explored as promising avenues to constitute ‘European-ness’ in social responsibility and sport management research. In short, these are investigations driven by empirical data; a comparative approach; comprehensive literature review; and theoretical/conceptual development. It is argued that the theory anchor is the most critical and challenging, but not fully developed yet.
Implications:
The article contributes a critical view on the potential for American/English hegemony in sport management scholarly activity, also impacting on one of its popular and growing sub-fields: social responsibility. Enhanced intellectual fertility and diversity of perspectives will produce more accurate understandings of the role and conceptualisation of social responsibility in European sport, impacting on both theoretical richness and relevance for contextually-embedded sport organisations.
At present, physical activity and sport have acquired extraordinary social and economic importance, being considered an important driver of development by involving, directly and indirectly, a large number of activities belonging to different economic sectors. Precisely because of its transversal nature, it is necessary to use appropriate management methods, which are understood as the set of activities and means necessary to achieve an optimal level of operation and quality in the sporting activity, using the resources available in a rational way to obtain the maximum results. Thus, the objective of this chapter has been to perform an analysis of the scientific production related to sport management through the development of a bibliometric study and a longitudinal statistical analysis of the articles published in journals indexed in the multidisciplinary database Scopus (Elsevier) until 2015. The analysis of the 393 documents obtained shows that although the first articles appeared in the early 1980s, it was not until 2008 when interest in this discipline experienced rapid growth, especially in countries such as the United States, Spain, and Australia. The studies are within the areas of Business and International Management, Strategy and Management, and Marketing and are published in specialized journals of the sport management sector: International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, Journal of Sport Management, and Sport Management Review.
The aim of this paper was to carry out a historic-bibliometric analysis of the journal Educación Física-Chile from 1929 to 2013. All articles included in that journal were consulted, and their bibliographic data, institutions, countries and main topics were recorded and then analysed. Results showed that Educación Física-Chile hasbeen a key reference for spreading Physical Education and Sport Sciences studies in Chile, although it has now a marginal position in the field. © 2015, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. All rights reserved.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un análisis histórico-bibliométrico de la revista Educación Física-Chile desde 1929 hasta 2013. Se consultaron todos los artículos publicados en la revista, registrando sus datos bibliográficos, institución, país y temática principal para, posteriormente, proceder a su análisis. Los resultados muestran que Educación Física-Chile ha sido un referente fundamental para la difusión de las investigaciones relacionadas con el conjunto de las Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte en Chile, y revelan la situación marginal de la revista en la actualidad.
As the field of sport business management develops, it is critical to assess its literature. A content analysis of 34 sport business management journals between 2002 to 2012 was conducted relative to sports, physical activity, recreation, and leisure for individuals with disabilities. Journals were selected based on their alignment with sport management curriculum standards. Results show that of the 5,443 articles reviewed in this study, merely 89, or .016%, pertained to disability sport, leisure, recreation, or physical activity. Information insufficiency was found across all sport management curriculum domains. Similarities and differences are discussed relative to other content analyses conducted in sport management and disability sport. Results provide direction for future scholarship and advancement of studies in disability sport in sport business management.
This study examined the current textbooks in sport management using the quantitative content analytic research method. Sport management books selected for examination were limited to those written in English published from 1990 through to November 2006 inclusive. Of the 129 books representing 14 categories analyzed, the greatest number of books was in the categories of management (n = 36) and marketing (n = 27). These categories were followed by law (n = 13), finance (n = 9), and event management (n = 8). The majority of the books (88%) were authored. Among the authors and editors, 79% were male. The majority of books (85%) did not indicate a target audience. The average year of publication of all books was 2001, with almost three-quarters (73%) being published from the year 2000 onwards. The number of publishers was 40, of which the vast majority was in the United States.
This investigation was an assessment of data analysis statistical techniques used in Sport Marketing Quarterly (SMQ) from 1992 to 2004. In 159 quantitative data based articles reviewed, 360 uses of statistical data analysis techniques were identified. The techniques were classified by type of statistical data analysis method as descriptive statistics, parametric statistics, and nonparametric statistics. One half (50.00%) were used as descriptive statistics, 41.94% as parametric statistics , and less than one tenth (8.06%) as nonparamet-ric statistics. Percentages and frequencies were the most frequent descriptive statistics used to answer the research purposes, questions, and/or hypotheses by the researchers of SMQ for this period. One-way ANOVA and regression analysis were the most frequent para-metric statistics used and chi-square was the most frequent nonparametric statistic used. The intent of this investigation was to provide undergraduate and graduate students, their instructors, and other scholars with an overview of the most frequently used statistical data analysis techniques used in SMQ during its first 13 years. In addition, this study has provided some insight into the directions of the research conducted in sport marketing studies from a research methodology standpoint. For a new and developing academic area such as sport marketing, it is important for its consumers to know how such an area advances relative to its research methods.
This paper explores concepts about educational quality, accreditation, and assessment as they relate to sport management programs. It reports, analyzes, and synthesizes the results of a survey sent to teaching professionals associated with sport management programs. Accreditation and its alternatives are discussed in addition to the issue of professional responsibility for ensuring educational quality. Levels and degrees of professional responsibility are considered.
In the September, 1995 issue of the Journal of Sport Management, W. James Weese suggested that NASSM should develop a more practical focus and philosophy in order to better serve sport management practitioners. He made several recommendations regarding future directions for NASSM and the Journal of Sport Management (JSM) designed to pursue that goal. We respectfully challenge Weese's position, arguing that the primary goal of NASSM and JSM should be to support and fortify the scholarship produced by the sport management professoriate, with the concomitant goal of having an impact on the way sport is managed. We suggest that NASSM and JSM have naturally evolved to protect and enhance sport management education. In the process, they have become eminent providers of continuing education and currently useful research to the sport management professoriate, student-scholars, and practitioners who seek a symbiotic relationship with the academy.
Fundamentals of Sport Marketing has become the standard by which other textbooks in the field are measured, and the third edition of this text once again raises that standard. The numerous updates and new material added throughout the book are based on the most up-to-date research and developments that have taken place in sport marketing, sport management, and the sport industry. As a result, Fundamentals of Sport Marketing, Fourth Edition, is the most current, contemporary, and indispensable book on sport marketing that is available.
To supplement the rich information in the textbook, case studies written about current topics relevant to each chapter have been added to this edition of Fundamentals of Sport Marketing. In addition, the appendices contain directories of sport businesses, associations, trade publications, and academic journals; abstracts from recent research in sport marketing; and several examples of sport marketing research instruments. The authors, Dr. Brenda G. Pitts and Dr. David K. Stotlar, have unparalleled experience consulting and working in the industry and are both well known and respected across the globe. They have authored three workbooks, all published by Fitness Information Technology, that serve as excellent companions to these texts: Case Studies in Sport Marketing, Developing Successful Sport Marketing Plans, and Developing Successful Sport Sponsorship Plans.
Chapter 1 The Sport Business Industry
Chapter 2 The Global Market for the Sport Industry
Chapter 3 Sport Marketing Theory
Chapter 4 Sport Marketing Research
Chapter 5 Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning in Sport Business
Chapter 6 Marketing Information Systems
Chapter 7 The Marketing Mix and the Sporting Industry
Chapter 8 The Product in the Sport Industry
Chapter 9 Pricing Strategies for the Sport Industry
Chapter 10 Marketing Channels and Distribution Decisions in the Sport Business Industry
Chapter 11 Promotion in the Sport Industry
Chapter 12 Media Relations in Sport
Chapter 13 Marketing Through Endorsements and Sponsorships
Chapter 14 Using Licensing and Logos in the Sport Industry References
As the field of Sport Business Management develops, it is critical to assess its literature. A content analysis of 34 sport business management journals between 2002-2012 was conducted relative to sports, physical activity, recreation and leisure for individuals with disabilities. Journals were selected based on their alignment with sport management curriculum standards. Results show of 5,443 articles reviewed in this study, merely 89, or .016%, pertained to disability sport, leisure, recreation or physical activity. Information insufficiency was found across all sport management curriculum domains. Similarities and differences are discussed relative to other content analyses conducted in sport management and disability sport. Results provide direction for future scholarship and advancement of studies in disability sport in sport business management.
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of seven sport management and marketing journals
on sport-related research published in 20 top tier generic management and marketing journals. Ten top tier
management and 10 top tier marketing journals were inventoried to ascertain the number of sport-related
management and marketing manuscripts published in those journals from 1987 to 2007. Twenty-five sport
management and 51 sport marketing-related manuscripts were identified in the generic journals. From these
manuscripts, twelve citations to the seven sport journals were identified in the management publications and
98 citations to the seven sport journals were found in the marketing publications. Sport Marketing Quarterly
(62) was the most cited sport management and marketing journal followed by the Journal of Sport Management
(28). Results also identify citation frequency by year, first citations and time taken for the seven sport
journals to record first citations, author citation frequency and field of author affiliation and its impact on
citation patterns. Implications for sport journal focus and editorial policies are discussed as well as the impact
of citations in the generic marketing journals compared with the generic management journals.
Understanding competition is central to the task of strategy formulation and implementation and it is the link
between competition and strategy that was explored in the 2011 Dr. Earle F. Zeigler Lecture. It was argued
that strategy, given its centrality to organizational phenomena, and strategy research in particular, provides
rich and diverse competitive contexts with the potential to reveal some of the unique properties of sport
management. To ascertain the prevalence of sport-related strategy research, three sport management journals
were subject to content analysis to identify published manuscripts related to strategy. Before presenting the
results, the Lecture considered competition on and off the field, the origins of competitive behavior in sport
management and a brief review of the major research themes in the generic strategic management literature.
Results revealed that 20 (2.5%) of the 805 manuscripts published in the three journals were strategy focused.
Research themes and contexts were presented as well as a bibliometric analysis of the reference lists of the
20 identified strategy manuscripts. This analysis highlighted the journals that are influencing published sport
management strategy-related research. It was concluded that strategy research specific to sport management
has been sparse to date, yet the role of strategy formulation is central to the role of management and should
also be central to sport management scholarship.
The works of Kuhn (1996) and other scholars on the social construction of knowledge suggest that great insight can he gained about an academic field Of Study by investigating inter,action patterns between and among scholars. Using a social network perspective the intent of this study was to empirically explore the social interaction patterns among scholars in the field of sport management. A network Model of coauthorship was generated using several rounds of sampling of scholars in the field and archival data collection from relevant journals. The derived network structure was then explored both visually and quantitatively For meaningful patterns. The results of the study essentially tell a story of the evolution and current state of the field's collaboration structure. Drawing, on propositions From the literature on the sociology of scientific knowledge generation, the findings are discussed relative to what file obtained network structure might hold for sport management scholarship.
Citation analysis is a powerful tool to better understand the intellectual foundations of a field and to identify those journals publishing the majority of important articles. The purpose of this study was to identify the most frequently cited sport management and non-sport management journals based on an analysis of the reference lists of manuscripts published in the Journal of Sport Management, Sport Marketing Quarterly, European Sport Management Quarterly and Sport Management Review. Results showed that the Journal of Sport Management was the most cited journal followed by Sport Marketing Quarterly. Three management journals, three marketing journals, two sport sociology journals and two psychology journals were identified as the most cited non-sport management journals. In-field citations to seven core sport management journals accounted for 16.4 percent of all citations, raising questions about the balance between citations within the field compared to those from outside the field. Focus of the sport management and marketing journals was also considered in relation to factors impacting on citation trends.
Content analysis is a widely used qualitative research technique. Rather than being a single method, current applications of content analysis show three distinct approaches: conventional, directed, or summative. All three approaches are used to interpret meaning from the content of text data and, hence, adhere to the naturalistic paradigm. The major differences among the approaches are coding schemes, origins of codes, and threats to trustworthiness. In conventional content analysis, coding categories are derived directly from the text data. With a directed approach, analysis starts with a theory or relevant research findings as guidance for initial codes. A summative content analysis involves counting and comparisons, usually of keywords or content, followed by the interpretation of the underlying context. The authors delineate analytic procedures specific to each approach and techniques addressing trustworthiness with hypothetical examples drawn from the area of end-of-life care.
The present investigation examined the frequency of statistical data analysis techniques used in quantitative research studies appearing in JSM from 1987 to 2004. Specifically, one research question was examined with respect to the quantitative studies in JSM: What were the most frequently used statistical data analysis techniques in answering the research purposes, questions, and/or hypotheses or in analyzing the main effects of the findings of the research studies appearing in JSM from 1987 to 2004? The analysis revealed that 408 statistical techniques were primary to the purpose of the studies or in analyzing the main effects of the studies. Overall, 171 studies were analyzed, including 165 identified as quantitative research studies and six labeled as mixed (quantitative and qualitative research) studies.
Twelve techniques were identified that were directly related to answering the research purposes and or main effects of the studies. ANOVA was the most prevalent accounting, for 18.3% of the basic techniques. Percentages and frequency counts were the second and third most prevalent techniques, accounting for 15.3% and 14.2% respectively. Chi-square mean, standard deviation, and t-test each accounted for more than 10% of the basic techniques.
A summary the intermediate techniques used in JSM are shown in Figure
3. Of seven techniques, the single most dominant one, regression analysis, accounted for nearly two-thirds (59.4%) of intermediate techniques. Pearson Product Moment Correlation accounted for a fifth (21.9%) of the techniques and Spearman Rank Correlation a tenth (10.9%) of the techniques. The remaining four techniques (Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney. ANCOVA, and trend analysis) accounted for less than 10 percent of intermediate techniques.
Nine techniques were identified for the advanced category. As summarized in Figure 4. the MANOVA and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were the two most dominant techniques, accounting
for 34.2% and 31.6% respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis accounted for 14.5%, discriminant analysis (6.6%) and canonical correlation 5.3% of the techniques. The remaining four techniques including cluster analysis, structural equation modeling, MANCOVA, and path analysis accounted for less than 8.0% of the total advanced techniques.
This paper discusses the quantity and quality of administrative/management research in sport and physical education. The historical foundations of sport management are reviewed followed by a brief analysis of selected textbooks, and masters and doctoral studies. A shift to a slightly more theoretical perspective of the textbooks was noted. Theses tended to reflect a more theoretical orientation during the post-1965 period. The bulk of the research was descriptive in design and was directed toward post-secondary institutions. A major emphasis was on leaders and leadership behavior. The conclusions suggest that future research should improve the theoretical base and strive to make the knowledge sensible and useful. Additionally, increased attention to noneducational organizations is recommended.
The author argues that present conditions justify an analysis of sport management, broadly interpreted, from the standpoint of its historical background, its present status, and its possible future. Three reasons are given: A new North American Society for Sport Management has just been established; serious criticism has been leveled at both professional sport and so-called educational sport; and management theory and practice has become an increasingly complex subject. Several questions are considered: What has been the historical background of sport management? What is its present status? What plan should be followed for the finest sort of progress in the years ahead? And what may be reasonably concluded from this analysis? The author concludes that (a) the field still has an opportunity to relate significantly to the developing social science of management but time is running short; (b) the vast enterprise that is sport must relate more effectively to the urgent need for qualified managers; (c) the new North American Society for Sport Management can make a significant contribution to this development; and (d) such development should be carried out in full cooperation with the National Association for Sport and Physical Education within the AAHPERD and the Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation.
While Weese recently recommended that JSM and NASSM become more practitioner-oriented, Cuneen and Parks argued that JSM and NASSM need to maintain a more theoretically-oriented approach. Further, Cuneen and Parks agreed with Weese's suggestion that a new practitioner-oriented journal could be developed in order to meet the current needs of practitioners and to provide opportunities for both types of research. The authors of this paper would like to go further and suggest that it is important to allow for both types of research within the various content areas. However, despite the popularity of sport marketing in North America, there is currently only one practitioner-oriented journal specializing in this area. The authors of this paper believe that there is an immediate need for a theoretical sport marketing journal that, together with the Sport Marketing Quarterly, will contribute to the development of this content area.
A readership survey of Journal of Sport Management (JSM) subscribers was conducted to investigate the journal's readership and usage. A secondary purpose was to examine the usage of other journals for teaching, research, and publication. A total of 178 respondents answered the survey for a return rate of 44.5%. General satisfaction with the journal was reflected in the positive comments ascribed to the journal as well as in the high ratings for readership and value of each section of the journal. The most frequently mentioned suggestions/comments for the journal were as follows: (a) Make it more practically oriented, (b) increase the number of issues, (c) provide some focus for job positions/openings and contacts for graduates seeking employment, (d) maintain or increase the theoretical orientation, and (e) provide more international contributions. JSM was considered the most important journal for the sport management profession by 76% of the respondents.
As sport assumes greater importance in American society, research specific to the problems of this industry becomes increasingly vital. This paper reviews the current state of research in sport management. Further, four areas for future study are suggested (depending on the variables used): subordinate-related, superior-related, organization-related, and environment-related. Research topics and issues specific to each of these four areas are offered.
Although concern for the lack of empirically based research and for the types of methodologies used continues, few if any sport management articles have quantified the extent of such criticism. Selected volumes of the Academy of Management Journal, Administrative Science Quarterly, Journal of Applied Psychology, Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, Dissertation Abstracts, Journal of Sport Management, and Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport were content analyzed employing 13 dimensions to determine, on a comparative basis, the patterns of research design in organizational studies and sport management research. Based upon this analysis, sport management researchers should explore the variety of methods and analyses evident in the organizational studies literature. The basis for these results and suggestions for change are discussed.
The current study aims to evaluate scientific-research articles on sports management in Iranian professional Journals. A qualitative research design and a quantitative content analysis as the observational research method were applied. The statistical population and the sample included all sports management research papers published on "Harakat Journal", "Journal of Sports Science Research", "Olympic Quarterly Journal" and "Journal of Movement Science and Sports", totally 433 articles from 1999 to 2010. After thtie checklist validated by relevant experts, the reliability between coders was obtained using Krippendorff's alpha (= 0.82). Results revealed that management skills in sports (37.18%), Sport Management Education (10.62%) and organizational theories in sports (9.46%) were the most common areas of study for Iranian professional journals. For sport industry segments, many papers dealt with sports in universities and schools (20%), professional sports (14.5%) and Sport Management Education (8%). Regarding gender, 16.62% focused on men's sports, 7.85% on women's sports and 31.17% on both, while this was unknown for the rest (44.34%). It was concluded that these studies may not cover all content fields and industrial elements of the sports and there is a need for further research on other issues less studied, especially on women's sports as women make up 50% of the population, although it seems that there is a good balance in relation to gender (rather than content areas and sport industry segments).
The current study aims to evaluate scientific-research articles on sports management in Iranian professional Journals. A qualitative research design and a quantitative content analysis as the observational research method were applied. The statistical population and the sample included all sports management research papers published on " Harakat Journal", "Journal of Sports Science Research", "Olympic Quarterly Journal" and "Journal of Movement Science and Sports", totally 433 articles from 1999 to 2010. After the checklist validated by relevant experts, the reliability between coders was obtained using Krippendorff s alpha (= 0.82). Results revealed that management skills in sports (37.18%), Sport Management Education (10.62%) and organizational theories in sports (9.46%) were the most common areas of study for Iranian professional journals. For sport industry segments, many papers dealt with sports in universities and schools (20%), professional sports (14.5%) and Sport Management Education (8%). Regarding gender, 16.62% focused on men's sports, 7.85% on women's sports and 31.17% on both, while this was unknown for the rest (44.34%). It was concluded that these studies may not cover all content fields and industrial elements of the sports and there is a need for further research on other issues less studied, especially on women's sports as women make up 50% of the population, although it seems that there is a good balance in relation to gender (rather than content areas and sport industry segments).
Prompted by the scarcity of analyses of the directions in which sport management research has so far evolved, this study attempts to fill this gap by mapping the most important historical trends that have characterised this discipline. In order to achieve this purpose, a bibliometric analysis is employed, applying citation and co-citation analyses to citations from articles published in three sport management journals between 1987 and 2010. The co-citation relationships between references are analysed by applying a dense network subgrouping algorithm, which generates a number of clusters of influential works. The results point out a number of dominant trends influential over the entire period covered, focused on change in organisations, consumer motivation in sport marketing and diversity in organisations. Less influential trends reflect an interest in the impact of sport events, sport economics and in the status of sport management as an area of research.
This paper presents a content analysis of the comprehensive subject index of Annals of Tourism Research (1973–2003). The study identified 27 major subject areas and a series of patterns describing the growth of tourism research as published in one single journal. A significant increase in publications was observed in two meta-categories of subject domains: methodology and theory, and development and impacts. The findings describe the journal’s contribution to theoretical constructs and methodological sophistication in tourism social sciences research. The article also discusses three perspectives on the evolution of research and scholarship.RésuméLa construction de la recherche sur le tourisme: aperçus d’un journal des sciences sociales. Cet article présente une analyse du contenu de l’index complet des sujets dans Annals of Tourism Research (1973–2003). L’étude a identifié 27 domaines principaux de sujets et une série de tendances pour décrire le développement de la recherche sur le tourisme telle qu’elle a été publiée dans un seul journal. On a observé une croissance significative dans la publication de deux méta catégories de sujets: méthodologie et théorie, et développement et impacts. Les conclusions décrivent la contribution du journal aux constructions théoriques et à la subtilité méthodologique dans les recherches des sciences sociales du tourisme. L’article discute aussi de trois perspectives sur l’évolution de la recherche et de l’érudition.
While the bulk of research in sport management would primarily stem from masters' and doctoral studies, quality research by sport management scholars is now published regularly in some of the best journals the profession can offer. This research is original and exclusive to the field, however, its findings are not systematically organized. There is a need to put in order what we know and what we don't know about managing sport. This paper presents two inductive analyses of sport management research topics, one for doctoral dissertations and the other for published conference abstracts and journal articles. In an attempt to stimulate discussion about the need to map out completed research in this field and systematically organize findings, the paper also proposes a conceptual model of relevant relationships that can be explored in sport management research.
Analyzing Media Messages is a primer for learning the technique of systematic, quantitative analysis of communication content. Rich with examples of recent and classic applications, it provides solutions to problems encountered in conducting content analysis, and it is written so that students can readily understand and apply the techniques.
Looks at the sports industry and addresses the current situation for authors seeking to publish in the area of sports marketing. Sports currently represents the eleventh largest industry in the USA. Despite this, there are few mainstream marketing journals willing to publish manuscripts on sports marketing. In an effort to circumvent this problem, some sports marketing authors have “disguised” their research under the guise of “servicescapes” or leisure services. Looks at the topical content of the leading outlet for sports marketing manuscripts, Sport Marketing Quarterly. The author classifies the articles into 18 categories. Sponsorship is the most frequent topic for sport marketing papers, followed by general research and research on fans, spectators, and participants. Provides an extensive bibliography of sport-marketing articles published in academic journals. While a few of these are in marketing journals, the vast majority are published “out of field”.
The purpose of this study was to examine the contents of the literature published in the Journal of Sports Economics (JSE), the first academic journal exclusively focused on the economics of sport. Content analysis methodology was used to examine every journal issue (N = 10) published from the inaugural issue in 2000 through the second issue in 2002. Collectively, the 10 issues yielded 55 articles representing the work of 77 authors (95.3% male, 4.7% female). The majority of the articles reviewed were quantitative (94.1%), and the preferred statistical methodology utilized was regression analysis (64%). The highest percentages of articles focused on team performance and payrolls (20%) as well as labor market research (12.9%). Additional content areas analyzed in this study included measures related to editor, reviewers, authors, sport industry segmentation, gender, scholarly productivity, geographical and institutional makeup, and professional level. Findings and implications are discussed.
Despite the popularity and strong advocacy for combining quantitative and qualitative methods, few mixed methods approaches are found in the sport management research. As a result, this article examines the frequency with which mixed methods research has been used in recent sport management research, and demonstrates ways in which mixed methods can help improve the validity of research findings in sport management related topics. Because research in sport management often is concerned with causal questions, this article provides mixed methods designs for improving causal inference. Examples are provided from three areas of sport management research, including marketing, organizational behavior, and finance. The designs that are provided are based on the mixed methods design dimensions of time order and priority of quantitative and qualitative data.
The rating of refereed journals has become important for academics and institutions as well as for sport management as a field of study. This paper argues that the dearth of a rating system in sport management works against the best interests of the development of the field. This paper presents a rating scheme for sport management journals, which replicates an earlier study of marketing journals, using weighted multi-dimensional perceptual ratings (Polonsky & Whitelaw, 2006). Forty-five senior sport management academics evaluated 13 journals on four criteria: journal prestige, contribution to theory, contribution to practice and contribution to teaching. Using the weighted scores of the four criteria for each journal and a supporting cluster analysis, four categories of journals were identified. The results of this study will assist academics as they argue the case for the quality of journals in which they publish. Further it facilitates evaluation of sport management journals in relation to one another on the basis of their overall ranking and their scores on the four individual criteria.
Overview of current sponsorship thought
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Pope, N. (1998). Overview of current sponsorship thought. The Cyber-Journal of
Sport Marketing, 2(1). Retrieved from http://www.cjsm.com/Vol2/pope21.htm.
Where Might I find Information about Disability Sport? A Search for Disability Sport Information in the Sport Management Literature. Presentation delivered at the annual conference of the Global Sport Business Association
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Pitts, B. G. & Shapiro, D. (2014). Where Might I find Information about Disability
Sport? A Search for Disability Sport Information in the Sport Management
Literature. Presentation delivered at the annual conference of the Global Sport
Business Association, Miami, Florida, February 7-10, 2014.
A systematic review of sport management literature: Does diversity play in sport management? Paper presented at the North American Society for Sport Management Conference, Columbia, SC. Abstract retrieved from http
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A review of the research in sport marketing: Foundations, current trends, and future directions
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An examination of international sport management research: Content analysis of NASSM, EASM, and SMAANZ conference presentations 2000-2002. Paper presented at the annual conference of the
- R J Mowrey
Mowrey, R J. (2003). An examination of international sport management research:
Content analysis of NASSM, EASM, and SMAANZ conference presentations
2000-2002. Paper presented at the annual conference of the American Alliance
for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance.
Research on sponsorship: International review and appraisal
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Cornwell, T. B., & Maignon, I. (1998). Research on sponsorship: International
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Research, Theory, and Practice
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Research methodology in the domain of sport management: Preliminary results of the current state
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A content analysis of Sport Marketing Quarterly: 1992-2011
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Peetz, T., & Reams, L. (2011). A content analysis of Sport Marketing Quarterly:
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A content analysis of the Journal of Sport Management using the sport-focused model. North American Society for Sport Management (NASSM) Book of Abstracts
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Sport Management Education Journal (since 2007) Sport Management Review (since 1998) Sport Marketing Quarterly (since 1992
- Sport
- Business
- Management
Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal (since 2011)
Sport Management Education Journal (since 2007)
Sport Management Review (since 1998)
Sport Marketing Quarterly (since 1992)
Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal (since 1992)
World Leisure Journal (since 1958)
Nonresponse error in sport management research: A content analysis of the Journal of Sport Management. Poster presented at the
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Management, Columbia, SC.