No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Accessibility zones of the university according to students’ transportation preferences
... The setting of measurements may include person's preferences of transport modes (Zajíčková et al. 2014) or other personal transport related parameters (i.e. Pochobradsky et al., 2016), utilize knowledge of important commuting flows by given sector of industry (Horák et al. 2014), urban differentiation of accessibility zones within cities or different attractiveness of various targets (Burian et al., 2016). Current accessibility measures address only part of the critical features of public transport system. ...
Public transport conditions are analysed using simulated commuting to important employers and recording data about significant features of all simulated trips. Two forms of overall public transport accessibility evaluation are compared—rule based and multivariate based classifications. Rule based classification was developed in several variants integrating two or four indicators, average and non-aggregated values. More valuable results were obtained using extended set of indicators for non-aggregated trips. The multivariate classification utilizes a novel approach to K-means cluster analysis using decile values. The comparison of both classifications shows a primary role of expert based classification. K-means cluster analysis based on deciles or median values are suitable for establishing more common typology but not for a local accessibility evaluation.
... ,Michniak (2008),Marada et al. (2010),Marada a Květoň (2010),Ivan (2010),Boruta a Ivan (2010),Seidenglanz (2010),Hudeček et al. (2011),Kraft a Blažek (2012),Horňák a Pšenka (2013),Tesla et al. (2015),Horňák et al. (2015),Voženílek et al. (2016),Vrabková et al. (2016),Zajíčková et al. (2016).Faktory a komplexní hodnocení dostupnosti zaměstnavatelů VHD v zahraničí dobře popisuje např. Cheng a Chen (2015). ...
Transport accessibility evaluation of employers with work shifts. Transport accessibility evaluation of employers is considered as one of the most important accessibility analysis. One of the complicated factors is a requirement of work shifts where the evaluation cannot by based only on one state. If the situation is changed in time it is necessary to repeat measurements of accessibility and the final target accessibility evaluate by certain combination of partial accessibility evaluation. In the Moravian-Silesian region about 1/3 of employees work in shifts. Thus employer’s accessibility has to be evaluated for all shifts. The study is focused on the evaluation of accessibility of the most important work place in Ostrava, the industrial zone Ostrava-Hrabova, where differences between partial and complete evaluation can be easily demonstrated. Especially in case of the public transport it is required to evaluate all states due to important differences in the transport serviceability.
Hodnocení dopravní dostupnosti zaměstnavatelů patří mezi nejdůležitější analýzy dostupnosti. Jedním z komplikujících faktorů je požadavek směnného provozu. Pak je potřebné provádět opakování měření dostupnosti a dostupnost cíle vyhodnotit až na základě jistého spojení dílčích hodnocení. V Moravskoslezském kraji asi 1/3 zaměstnanců pracuje na směny. Dojíždění na různé směny pak představuje základní stavy, které je třeba vyhodnotit, protože dostupnost zaměstnavatele musí být zjištěna pro všechny směny, na které zaměstnanec dojíždí. Na příkladu místa s největším počtem zaměstnanců, kterým je v Ostravě průmyslová zóna Hrabová, je demonstrován rozdíl hodnocení pro dílčí a celková hodnocení. Zvláště při použití veřejné dopravy musí být kvůli velkým rozdílům v obslužnosti provedeno úplné vyhodnocení všech potřebných stavů.
Since 1965 when the fuzzy logic and fuzzy algebra were introduced by Lotfi Zadeh, the fuzzy theory successfully found its applications in the wide range of subject fields. This is mainly due to its ability to process various data, including vague or uncertain data, and provide results that are suitable for the decision making. This paper aims to provide comprehensive overview of literature on fuzzy control systems used for the management of the road traffic flow at road junctions. Several theoretical approaches from basic fuzzy models from the late 1970s to most recent combinations of real-time data with fuzzy inference system and genetic algorithms are mentioned and discussed throughout the paper. In most cases, fuzzy logic controllers provide considerable improvements in the efficiency of traffic junctions’ management.
Computer models of spatial phenomena mostly use Digital Relief Models
(DRM) (morphometric characteristics, drainage situation, etc.) to represent the earth’s surface and its properties. The definition
of the term digital model of relief is currently inconsistent both in Czech and in foreign professional literature (e.g. Šíma
2002; Voženílek 2001; Klingseisen 2004; Longley et al. 2001; Wood 1996; Dikau 1989). Burrough & McDonnell (1998) offer an
apt definition; for them it is any type of representation of the earth’s surface continuously changing in space.
In our paper we use neural networks for tuning of image feature extraction algorithms and for the analysis of orthophoto maps. In our approach we split an aerial photo into a regular grid of segments and for each segment we detect a set of features. These features describe the segment from the viewpoint of general image analysis (color, tint, etc.) as well as from the viewpoint of the shapes in the segment. We also present our computer system that support the process of the validation of extracted features using a neural network. Despite the fact that in our approach we use only general properties of an images, the results of our experiments demonstrate the usefulness of our approach.
The focus of methodological approaches to identify (public) service deprivation has been predominantly on the shortcomings in the spatial coverage of the transportation system and the urban opportunity landscape. Accessibility is thereby generally modeled as a static concept with little – if any – account for temporal variations in services and transportation provision across the diurnal cycle and week, such as those resulting from opening hours and congestion effects. This paper suggests the use of time-specific measures of service accessibility and demand. The measures are integrated in a GIS-based multi-criteria analysis with the aim to detect spatiotemporal variations in service deprivation. The applicability of the method has been illustrated in a case study about the planning of a mobile government office bus in the city of Ghent (Belgium). It has been shown that the suitability of alternative stop locations for the bus depends on the time interval during which it will be operated.
Day-to-day variability in individuals' travel behavior (intrapersonal variability) has been recognized in conceptual discussions, yet the analysis and modeling of urban travel are typically based on a single day record of each individual's travel. This paper develops and examines hypotheses regarding the determinants of intrapersonal variability in urban travel behavior.
Two general hypotheses are formulated to describe the effects of motivations for travel and related behavior and of travel and related constraints on intrapersonal variability in weekday urban travel behavior. Specific hypotheses concerning the effect of various sociodernographic characteristics on intrapersonal variability are derived from these general hypotheses. These specific hypotheses are tested empirically in the context of daily trip frequency using a five-day record of travel in Reading, England.
The empirical results support the two general hypotheses. First, individuals who have fewer economic and role-related constraints have higher levels of intrapersonal variability in their daily trip frequency. Second, individuals who fulfil personal and household needs that do not require daily participation in out-of-home activities have higher levels of intrapersonal variability in their daily trip frequency.
Serious consideration is being given to the impact of private behavior and public policies on people's subjective well-being (SWB). A new approach to measuring well-being, the day reconstruction method (DRM), weights the affective component of daily activities by their duration in order to construct temporal aggregates. However, the DRM neglects the potentially important role of thoughts. By adapting this method to include thoughts as well as feelings, we provide perhaps the most comprehensive measure of SWB to date. We show that some activities relatively low in pleasure (e.g., work and time with children) are nonetheless thought of as rewarding and therefore contribute to overall SWB. Such information may be important to policymakers wishing to promote behaviors that are conducive to a broader conception of SWB.
We present an integrated activity-based discrete choice model system of an individual's activity and travel schedule, for forecasting urban passenger travel demand. A prototype demonstrates the system concept using a 1991 Boston travel survey and transportation system level of service data. The model system represents a person's choice of activities and associated travel as an activity pattern overarching a set of tours. A tour is defined as the travel from home to one or more activity locations and back home again. The activity pattern consists of important decisions that provide overall structure for the day's activities and travel. In the prototype the activity pattern includes (a) the primary - most important - activity of the day, with one alternative being to remain at home for all the day's activities; (b) the type of tour for the primary activity, including the number, purpose and sequence of activity stops; and (c) the number and purpose of secondary - additional - tours. Tour models include the choice of time of day, destination and mode of travel, and are conditioned by the choice of activity pattern. The choice of activity pattern is influenced by the expected maximum utility derived from the available tour alternatives.
Activity-based travel demand analysis: History, results, and future direction
- C R Bhat
- F S Koppelman
Bhat C.R., Koppelman F.S., Activity-based travel demand analysis: History, results,
and future direction, 79 th annual meeting of the Transportation Research Board, USA,
2000.
Non-technological Aspects of Map Production
- A Vondrakova
Vondrakova A., Non-technological Aspects of Map Production. International
Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2013, vol. 1, pp 813-820, 2013.