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Ground water as a source of urban water supply in India - a case study of Pune City, India
Abstract
Water resources in most towns and cities of India will need to be largely augmented during the next few years so as to meet the growing demand stemming from burgeoning populations and urbanisation. Haphazard groundwater abstraction from many cities as a result of urbanisation is a common phenomenon. The effects, though not very clearly evident today, are not difficult to visualise. Groundwater use in most Indian cities under the present scenario is on an individualistic basis and can be looked upon only in the sense of an abuse of a valuable fragile resource. However, groundwater, if harnessed and managed systematically, can provide a viable option to compliment existing municipal supplies of water. Certain important inputs through a systematic management-oriented methodology are necessary to view groundwater as a useful compliment to existing urban water supplies in India.
... Therefore, understanding Pune's hydrogeology and its urban groundwater footprint requires a focused and nuanced approach. The current study by ACWADAM attempts to build upon indicative aspects of demand-based studies such as Narain (2012) and more incisive hydrogeological investigations (Deolankar, 1977;Lalwani,1993;Kulkarni et al 1997). This report, while drawing upon the works of many workers, is mainly a continuation of the earlier version of Pune's Aquifers by ACWADAM (2019). ...
The scope of the study revolved around three basic questions. The First being estimation of the quantities of groundwater extracted in the city of Pune, say on an annual basis, while the second question was more specific in terms of the layout of Pune’s aquifers and their characteristics. The 2019 report focused on these two questions, while this report also brings the third, most important component, into focus, mainly, the basis for the planning, management, and governance of groundwater in Pune city. The report also includes short narratives of certain decisions and actions culminating from the earlier version of the report and suggests certain key aspects of the way forward.
Tree Public foundation working in the Aundh military area located in Aundh, Pune, is
working towards conserving biodiversity by conducting activities such as
afforestation and enhancement of groundwater recharge through watershed
activities. At present, there are a couple of sources of water (Dug well, bore well) in
the premise for watering planted trees and shrubs and garden developed by tree
foundation. In the study area, few water harvesting structures are developed jointly
by the Indian Army and Tree Public foundation with the CSR partner Cummins India
Foundation. Due to these water harvesting structures like small and large ponds, rich
flora and fauna has developed in the area. These ponds have also helped in
augmenting groundwater levels in the nearby area. Apart from these existing
locations, there are two proposed locations, where there is a possibility of creating
water harvesting structures. In the proposed water harvesting area site, Indian Army
and Tree foundation is planning to plant a variety of indigenous plant species.
However, to sustain these plants especially in the summer months, there is a need
of water throughout the year from which watering can be done to these plants.
As mentioned in the previous chapter, if one expects not to be water stressed in the near future, there needs to be major change in the construction norms and proper preplanning needs to be done to evolve water smart cities of the future, this is especially true for the cities within the hard rock terrain of the Deccan basalts. Apart from the control of spread of urban sprawl both laterally and vertically, on really needs to evolve some sort of norm that needs to be adapted while constructing new structures.KeywordsWater stressedWater smartHard rockConstruction normsUrban sprawlShallow groundwater systemsHeavy dewatering
Rainwater harvestingRainwater harvesting within the Deccan basaltic terrain is not really as simple as it is assumed to be. As mentioned in the earlier chapter, come summer the news articles in daily newspapers, regarding failed borewells, falling water table, insufficient water from borewells in major cities within the Deccan basaltic province is of common occurrence. This is not surprising, as the Deccan basaltsBasalts are one of the most enigmatic rocks and pose a very difficult task where it comes to groundwater exploration and naturally also for groundwater recharge, especially in the urban areas where due to constraint of space one needs to resort to borewells for recharge purpose.
A water resource development study has been carried out for a proposed lignite mining area at Bhavnagar district of Gujarat state in India. This work is essentially a case study that uses standard methodology already applied in earlier research studies. The study covers assessment of water resources for the present and future, water balance status and formulation of a management and conservation strategy for the area. Ramdasiya watershed is considered as influencing zone having 31.92 km2 area and covering full or part of ten villages with 13 647 population. There is no perennial river or major surface water bodies in the study area and annual average rainfall is only 567 mm. The groundwater is generally potable. Annual utilisable groundwater resource available in the area is 3.30 hm3 and present annual ground water demand for area is 2.967 hm3, whereas annual demand for various uses in theyear 2010 and 2020 would be around 3.298 and 3.659 hm3, respectively. The above problem of water scarcity in theregion has to be mitigated by immediate initiation of suitable short- and long-term water supply augmentation strategy for enhancing the groundwater recharge. To reduce the heavy surface runoff loss (around 40% of rainfall, although some part of it is also utilized as consumptive used) and enhance the groundwater recharge capacity of the area, suitable water retaining structures should be constructed. Interbasin transfer of water is also required to artificially recharge the aquifers for the augmentation of the groundwater potential of the area so as to meet the future demands.
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