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Evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don essential oil
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to assess the anti-inflammatory property of essential oil of the aerial parts of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don against the denaturation of protein in vitro. The test oil, at different concentrations, was incubated with egg albumin under controlled experimental conditions and subjected to determination of absorbance to evaluate the anti-inflammatory property. Diclofenac sodium was used as the reference drug. The present results exhibited a concentration dependent inhibition of protein (albumin) denaturation by the test oil. The outcome of diclofenac sodium was found to be less effective when compared with the test oil. From the present findings it can be concluded that the Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don essential oil possessed marked anti-inflammatory effect against the denaturation of protein in vitro. This effect could be either due to Polyphenolic content or to the synergistic activity rather than a single compound.
... On the other hand, only three papers are dealing with the antiinflammatory properties of immortelle oil available in the literature (Aćimović et al., 2021;Djihane and Mihoub, 2016;Voinchet and Giraud Robert, 2007). This is somewhat surprising bearing in mind that one of the most documented applications of this oil in folk medicine is for wound healing and skin regeneration (Guinoiseau et al., 2013). ...
... In two other studies, the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of immortelle essential oil has been assessed in the model of inhibition of egg albumin denaturation. The immortelle oil from Algeria (of unknown composition) was more effective (IC 50 = 296 μg mL − 1 ) than diclofenac sodium (IC 50 = 590 μg mL − 1 ) used as a positive control (Djihane and Mihoub, 2016), while the oil sample from Serbia (described as γ-curcumene chemotype) at significantly higher concentration (250 mg mL − 1 ) inhibited protein denaturation by 37.4% (Aćimović et al., 2021). It is interesting that the chemotype, containing neryl acetate, γ-curcumene, and β-diketoneitalidione I (so-called Corsican oil) as the main constituents, was used in the mentioned clinical study (Voinchet and Giraud Robert, 2007), as well as in a number of studies dealing with antimicrobial effectiveness of immortelle oil, i.e. other chemotypes have not been sufficiently studied so far from this aspect, nor a comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential of different chemotypes has been done. ...
... Contrary to the antimicrobial activity, the anti-inflammatory potential of H. italicum essential oil has not been sufficiently studied (only 3 papers are available in the literature; Aćimović et al., 2021;Djihane and Mihoub, 2016;Voinchet and Giraud Robert, 2007). This is a rather surprising fact, as this essential oil has been widely used in alternative medicine in the treatment of various skin conditions (e.g. it is thought to promote wound healing, to prevent hematoma formation, and to alleviate visibility of scars; Antunes Viegas et al., 2014). ...
Immortelle (Helichrysum italicum, Asteraceae) essential oil has been widely used in alternative medicine to accelerate wound healing, as well as in cosmetic products to stimulate skin regeneration and to reduce the appearance of wrinkles. It is also considered a natural and safe culinary spice that could also be applied in the food industry as a preservative in the future. The therapeutic efficacy of this oil changes with the natural variability of the composition. Herein we tested and mutually compared the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of four commercial immortelle oils differing in the relative amounts of marker compounds, i.e. neryl esters, α-pinene, γ- and ar-curcumenes, and β-diketones. The anti-inflammatory effect of selected chromatographic fractions, enriched in the aforementioned constituents, was evaluated by studying toxicity toward rat peritoneal macrophages, their nitric oxide production, myeloperoxidase, and arginase activities. Subsequently, the compositional and activity data were subjected to a multivariate statistical treatment to reveal the possible correlation(s) between the percentage of essential-oil constituents and the observed activities. The obtained results imply that immortelle oil efficiency as an antimicrobial and/or anti-inflammatory agent is most plausibly a result of a synergistic action between its constituents, and/or, rather unexpectedly, the presence of some minor constituents.
... However, the biological activity of immortelle EO strongly depends on its composition resulting from the interaction of its constituents [18]. This plant is considered to have promising pharmacological applications [19], because the immortelle EO has shown anti-inflammatory [5,[20][21][22], anticancer [23,24], antimicrobial [25][26][27], and antioxidant activity [28][29][30][31]. Further, wound healing and skin care application have been well-known and widely applied [32,33]. ...
... The immortelle EO has been widely studied. However, almost all studies have been focused on biological activities and the chemical composition of the plant material [5,9,14,18,20,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]33,35,36]. In addition, there have been studies aimed at finding a link between chemical composition and biological activities and explain their relationship [18,50]. ...
Our previous research has proven that the immortelle (Helichrysum italicum) essential oil (EO) grown in Serbia possesses respectable biological potential and desirable composition of volatile compounds with the potential for a wide range of applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Within this study, the impact of seasonal variations (temperature, precipitation, and insolation) during three successive years (2017, 2018, and 2019), on the volatile profile of γ-curcumene + ar-curcumene immortelle chemotype was determined. Steam distillation was utilized to extract EO from the plant material, followed by chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis revealing 50 volatile compounds. A multiple linear regression model was developed, and principal component analyses were conducted to deliver detailed information regarding the prediction, component profile, and parallel contents of active compounds of the immortelle EO. Under Serbian agro-ecological conditions, with appropriate harvest method, immortelle can achieve two harvests per year: the first in July, and the second in August. The γ-curcumene + ar-curcumene chemotype usually occurs as the dominant chemotype in the region of the ex-Yugoslavia countries. This chemotype probably developed as an adaptation to climatic conditions, and spring and summer precipitation positively influenced curcumene accumulation in plants. Such a phenomenon was especially noticeable in the first harvest.
... Three phenols (thymol, eugenol, and 3-isopropylphenol) and 27 volatile carboxylic acids have been identified in Hi EO. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Hi EO can be attributed to its polyphenol content, which is more of a synergistic effect of the overall content, rather than a single constituent (Djihane et al., 2017;Djihane & Mihoub, 2016). Patient 1 had signs of inflammation that improved with the use of Hi EO in VCO. ...
Helichrysum italicum (Hi) essential oil is commonly used in wound healing. Hi is an option for treating acute wounds, especially bleeding wounds. Coconut oil has also long been used for various skin disorders including wound healing and microbial infections. The high amount of antioxidants will be useful against free radicals which are considered the main cause of inflammation during the wound healing process. Hi essential oil was chosen because of its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities, all of which supported the wound-healing process in the three patients in this case report. The purpose of this case report is to determine the effectiveness of using Hi essential oil in healing wounds. We report 3 patients with wounds treated with topical Hi 10% essential oil in virgin coconut oil (VCO) applied three times daily until healed. All cases showed good wound healing without secondary infection. Despite the irritating side effects in patient 2, all three patients were satisfied with the results. The use of Hi 10% essential oil in VCO has advantages in terms of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects on wound healing without secondary infection so it needs to be studied further as an alternative therapy option in wound healing
... Helychrysum italicum (Asteraceae), a Mediterranean aromatic shrub, EO exhibits a marked anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria (Demir et al. 2009;Antunes Viegas et al. 2014;Djihane and Mihoub 2016), along with an elevated capacity to increase the antibiotics effectiveness against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (Lorenzi et al. 2009). Water or steam distillation of the aerial parts produced a mixture of phytochemicals mainly rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, followed by β-diketones (Maksimovic et al. 2017). ...
Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the major causes of mastitis in sheep. The main goal of this research was to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of several essential oils (EOs, n 30), then five of them were chosen and tested alone and in blends against staphylococci isolates. Five bacteria were isolated from episodes of ovine mastitis (two S. aureus and three S. xylosus). Biochemical and molecular methods were employed to identify the isolates and disk diffusion method was performed to determine their antimicrobial-resistance profile. The relative percentage of the main constituents in the tested essential oils and their blends was detected by GC-EIMS analysis. Antibacterial and bactericidal effectiveness of essential oils and blends were evaluated through minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). All of them showed sensitivity to the used antimicrobials. The EOs with the highest antibacterial activity were those belonging to the Lamiaceae family characterized by high concentrations of thymol, carvacrol and its precursor p-cymene, together with cinnamon EO, rich in cinnamaldehyde. In terms of both MIC and MBC values, the blend composed by Thymus capitatus EO 40%, Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO 20%, Thymus serpyllum EO 20% and Satureja montana EO 20% was found to be the most effective against all the isolates. Some essential oils appear to represent, at least in vitro, a valid tool against ovine mastitis pathogens. Some blends showed a remarkable effectiveness than the single oils, highlighting a synergistic effect in relation to the phytocomplex.
... italicum (Roth) G. Don inhibits in vitro collagenase and elastase. This activity, together with the already known anti-inflammatory activity of various extracts of this plant and also essential oil, 5,36 can better help to justify the use of this essential oil in the cosmetic preparations. However, further research is still needed to verify this effect at the tissue level. ...
The chemical composition of the essential oil of flowering aerial parts of Helichrysum italicum subsp. italicum cultivated in central Italy, Marche region, was analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Seventy-eight components, accounting for 98.71% of the whole essential oil composition, were identified and quantified. Neryl acetate showed the largest relative abundance in the composition, accounting for 15.75% of the oil, followed by α-pinene (8.21%); 4,6,9-trimethyl-8-decene-3,5-dione, (Italidione I), (7.34%); ar-curcumene and β-selinene (5.37%); γ-curcumene (4.83%); nerol (4.75%); α-selinene (4.68%); limonene (4.55%); linalool (4.42%), and 2,4,6,9-tetramethyl-8-decene-3,5-dione (Italidione II), (4.26%). The oil inhibited in vitro collagenase and elastase activities, with IC50 values of 36.99 ± 1.52 and 135.43 ± 6.32 μg/mL, respectively. Neryl acetate, nerol, and linalool, distinctive compounds of the oil obtained from this plant, tested alone or in mixture, at the same percentages shown in the essential oil, exhibited no activity against the two enzymes. On the contrary, α-pinene and limonene, tested alone and in mixture, showed inhibitory activity on both collagenase and elastase.
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