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The conceptual, historical and practical roots of community based participatory research and related participatory traditions

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... To guide the statistical analyses, the Social Ecological Model was utilized to assess the strength of the relationships measured across the different system levels that could affect ECE providers' food security status (see Figure 1 below). Originally developed by Bronfenbrenner [22] and later updated by McLeroy et al. [23], the Social Ecological Model suggests that the health of individuals is affected by the interaction between individuals and the groups they are part of such as their family (e.g., interpersonal), the community, and their physical, social (e.g., organizational), and political (e.g., policy) environments [21,24,25]. This framework was also included in the 1947 World Health Organization's Constitution to encompass an expanded vision of health that includes physical, mental, and social wellbeing [26]. ...
... To guide the statistical analyses, the Social Ecological Model was utilized to assess the strength of the relationships measured across the different system levels that could affect ECE providers' food security status (see Figure 1 below). Originally developed by Bronfenbrenner [22] and later updated by McLeroy et al. [23], the Social Ecological Model suggests that the health of individuals is affected by the interaction between individuals and the groups they are part of such as their family (e.g., interpersonal), the community, and their physical, social (e.g., organizational), and political (e.g., policy) environments [21,24,25]. This framework was also included in the 1947 World Health Organization's Constitution to encompass an expanded vision of health that includes physical, mental, and social well-being [26]. ...
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The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated challenges in the child care industry, leading to closures and financial strain. Early care and education (ECE) providers faced reduced income, increased debt, and material hardships such as food insecurity. Using survey data collected through the Child Care Resource Center (CCRC), this study examines the association between food insecurity risk, sociodemographic factors, and pandemic-related service changes among ECE providers in California. The results showed that income, race, and increased food costs were significantly associated with a higher risk of food insecurity among ECE providers. Compared to incomes greater than USD 60,000, those earning USD 40,000–USD 49,999 and USD 50,000–USD 59,999 had higher odds of food insecurity (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 0.683–1.86; OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 0.623–1.81, respectively). Black (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.21–2.94) and multi-racial respondents (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.1–2.65) had higher odds of food insecurity than white respondents. Lastly, respondents experiencing increased food costs had greater odds of food insecurity (OR: 4.52, 95% CI: 2.74–7.45). These findings suggest the need for policies and interventions aimed at increasing food access among vulnerable ECE providers. Such interventions will better protect them from financial shocks and the risk of food insecurity, and will support their crucial role in healthy child growth and development.
... From another perspective, as defined by Carr and Kemmis (1986), "Action research is simply a form of self-reflective enquiry undertaken by participants in social situations in order to improve the rationality and justice of their own practices, their understanding of these practices, and the situations in which the practices are carried out." This approach was chosen because action research using participation from the community allows greater sensitivity to a specific community's unique circumstances and needs while simultaneously building trust and mutually beneficial partnerships (Wallerstein and Duran, 2001). ...
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Purpose The results of the COVID-19 pandemic rendered the traditional work environment model obsolete for the United States Air Force, resulting in the need to create a new hybrid work model that fits unique employee needs in a complex organization. This practitioner article discusses how the 711th Human Performance Wing (711 HPW) built the Mission-Focused Agile Work Environment (MFAWE) using a combination of human and mission-focused strategies to ensure a more flexible work environment without compromising excellence or its employees' well-being. Design/methodology/approach Using an action research approach, data was collected by 77 diverse stakeholders in six working groups. Five perspectives were examined – employee, operations, infrastructure, leadership and mission – using a combination of literature and policy reviews, interviews, surveys and personal experiences to deliver recommendations to leadership for implementation. Findings The MFAWE addressed hybrid work transition requirements, including employee guidance, permanent workspace guidelines and facilities. Lessons learned from implementation included the need for a change management and communication strategy. An employee playbook was found to be an effective modality for information sharing but not for policy enforcement. Employee preference for permanent space regardless of time on site due to sanitation and mental health concerns was also discovered. Originality/value This article showcases how a large, complex organization built a new hybrid work model using employee-inclusive practices, filling a gap in the literature. This project also uncovered complex interdependencies when transitioning to a hybrid work model, including employee preferences.
... Participatory community-centered research can help demonstrate the disproportionate impacts of climate change on low-income populations, people of color, older adults, people living unhoused, and other groups that have been marginalized [4,18]. The benefits of community engagement through community-based participatory research (CBPR) have long been recognized in the academic space [19,20]. The co-production of climate knowledge to inform research and practice is increasingly recognized as an effective, though under-studied, method for engaging community expertise and collection of climate information [21]. ...
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As the Duwamish Valley community in Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. and other environmental justice communities nationally contend with growing risks from climate change, there have been calls for a more community-centered approach to understanding impacts and priorities to inform resilience planning. To engage community members and identify climate justice and resilience priorities, a partnership of community leaders, government-based practitioners, and academics co-produced a survey instrument and collected data from the community using the Seattle Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (SASPER), an approach adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER). In addition, we conducted a process and outcome project evaluation using quantitative survey data collected from volunteers and qualitative semi-structured interviews with project team members. In October and November 2022, teams of volunteers from partner organizations collected 162 surveys from households in the Duwamish Valley. Poor air quality, extreme heat, and wildfires were among the highest reported hazards of concern. Most Duwamish Valley households agreed or strongly agreed that their neighborhood has a strong sense of community (64%) and that they have people nearby to call when they need help (69%). Forty-seven percent of households indicated willingness to get involved with resilience planning, and 62% of households said that they would use a Resilience Hub during an emergency. Survey volunteers evaluated their participation positively, with over 85% agreeing or strongly agreeing that they learned new skills, were prepared for the survey, and would participate in future assessments. The evaluation interviews underscored that while the SASPER may have demonstrated feasibility in a pre-disaster phase, CASPER may not meet all community/partner needs in the immediate disaster response phase because of its lack of focus on equity and logistical requirements. Future research should focus on identifying less resource intensive data collection approaches that maintain the rigor and reputation of CASPER while enabling a focus on equity.
... The second manuscript focused on how we navigated the research partnership over a period of four years (Rich & Misener, 2020). We used the concept of an action research continuum (Wallerstein & Duran, 2003) to analyze multiple initiatives, including acquiring/managing resources; developing programs, policies, and partnerships; and monitoring and evaluating outcomes. This discussion involved analyzing initiatives in relation to tenets of participatory research such as building capacity, developing critical consciousness, and sustainability of action initiatives. ...
... The way that individuals and their communities engage with the healthcare system relies on a complex interplay of numerous, compounding factors. Here, we explore barriers to cascade genetic testing using the socioecological model, focusing on variables that can affect overall health within the categories of individual, relationship, healthcare community, and societal/policy barriers (Fig. 1) [13][14][15][16][17]. ...
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Germline genetic sequencing is now at the forefront of cancer treatment and preventative medicine. Cascade genetic testing, or the testing of at-risk relatives, is extremely promising as it offers genetic testing and potentially life-saving risk-reduction strategies to a population exponentially enriched for the risk of carrying a cancer-associated pathogenic variant. However, many relatives do not complete cascade testing due to barriers that span individual, relationship, healthcare community, and societal/policy domains. We have reviewed the published research on cascade testing. Our aim is to evaluate barriers to cascade genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes and explore strategies to mitigate these barriers, with the goal of promoting increased uptake of cascade genetic testing.
... The social ecological model conceptualises health broadly and focusses on multiple factors that could affect health. The social ecological model understands health to be affected by the interaction between the individual, the group/community, and the physical, social, and political environments (Israel et al., 2003;Sallis, Owen, and Fisher, 2008;Wallerstein and Duran, 2003). "The social ecological model understands health to be affected by the interaction between the individual, the group/community, and the physical, social, and political environments" (NIH, 2011:20). ...
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Diphtheria is a potentially fatal and highly contagious vaccine-preventable disease that spreads between people mainly by direct contact or through the air via respiratory droplets. The disease can affect all age groups; however, unimmunized children are particularly at risk. This article examines the spatial spread of diphtheria in Nigeria. The paper examines community awareness and public health actions taken by various actors and stakeholders to alleviate the diphtheria outbreak. The risks of spreading diphtheria and the vulnerability of children due to poor immunisation are frightening. Consistency in data collection and good quality (quantitative) data provides a basis for timely intervention and future response to the treatment of diphtheria. Curtailing crowding, reducing multidimensional poverty and social inequalities, and enhancing hygienic practices (WASH) are practical measures to reduce spread, infection, and death arising from the diphtheria outbreak in Nigeria and other countries.
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In 2019, the Council of Delegates of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement adopted a Resolution on the Implementation of Community Engagement and Accountability Policy. The resolution concerns the operational programs of all organizations that are associated with the Movement and adhere to its principles. Since the beginning of the Russian armed aggression in Ukraine, the Red Cross Society of Ukraine (URCS) as the largest humanitarian organization in the country has focused its efforts on helping the most vulnerable categories of citizens, in particular, internally displaced persons (IDPs), whose number has increased several times. Involvement of communities (in particular IDPs) is about making joint decisions about how the programs and operations of the URCS are designed, managed and implemented, and about influencing management and operational decisions. The article purpose: to find out the features and prospects of implementing the concept of community engagement in the activities of the URCS. Methods applied: analysis of program documents of the URCS, which outline the principles of implementing the concept of community engagement in the Society’s activities. In practice, community engagement is a combination of science and art. The science is drawn from sociology, political science, psychology, social work, and other disciplines, and the organization’s concepts are drawn from the literature on community participation, community mobilization, voter formation, community psychology, and cultural influences. The artistry comes from the understanding, skills, and sensibilities used to apply and adapt science in ways that meet the interests of the community and the goals of specific engagement efforts.
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