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Characterization of wet-electrospun cellulose acetate based 3-dimensional scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications: influence of cellulose acetate concentration

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Cellulose
Authors:
Mahdi Naseri Nosar
Mahdi Naseri Nosar
Mahdi Naseri Nosar
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Majid Salehi at Shahroud University of Medical Sciences
Majid Salehi
Sadegh Ghorbani at Stanford University
Sadegh Ghorbani
Shahram Pour Beiranvand at Tarbiat Modares University
Shahram Pour Beiranvand
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Abstract and Figures

As skin defects cannot regenerate by themselves, tissue engineering through tissue-mimicking scaffolds holds promise for treating such defects. In this study, cellulose acetate (CA)-based three-dimensional scaffolds were produced using the wet-electrospinning technique, and the influence of concentrations on the properties of the wet-electrospun scaffolds was investigated for the first time. CA with concentrations of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 14 % (w/v) were dissolved in acetone to fabricate the scaffolds. Wet electrospinning was carried out under an applied voltage of 15 kV and a tip-to-bath distance of 10 cm into the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (pH ~13) as a coagulation bath. The specimens with concentrations of 4–7 % (w/v) just produced droplets. The concentration of 8 % (w/v) produced beaded fibers, and the fibers of 9, 10, 12 and 14 % (w/v) were almost oriented in a random, dispersive manner and formed a non-woven structure morphology under scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. The porosity measurement via the liquid displacement method showed that all scaffolds could not meet the accepted ideal porosity percentage of above 80 %, and the highest recorded porosity percentage was 69.5 % for the 12 % (w/v) scaffold. The contact angle measurement data displayed the high hydrophobicity of all scaffolds, which was expected because of the hydrophobic nature of CA. In vitro L929 mouse fibroblast cell culture demonstrated that all scaffolds presented a non-toxic environment and enhanced cell proliferation and attachment.
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Characterization of wet-electrospun cellulose acetate based
3-dimensional scaffolds for skin tissue engineering
applications: influence of cellulose acetate concentration
Mahdi Naseri Nosar .Majid Salehi .Sadegh Ghorbani .
Shahram Pour Beiranvand .Arash Goodarzi .Mahmoud Azami
Received: 20 April 2016 / Accepted: 29 July 2016 / Published online: 18 August 2016
©Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016
Abstract As skin defects cannot regenerate by them-
selves, tissue engineering through tissue-mimicking
scaffolds holds promise for treating such defects. In this
study, cellulose acetate (CA)-based three-dimensional
scaffolds were produced using the wet-electrospinning
technique, and the influence of concentrations on the
properties of the wet-electrospun scaffolds was inves-
tigated for the first time. CA with concentrations of 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 14 % (w/v) were dissolved in
acetone to fabricate the scaffolds. Wet electrospinning
was carried out under an applied voltage of 15 kV and a
tip-to-bath distance of 10 cm into the aqueous solution
of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)(pH ~13) as a coagulation
bath. The specimens with concentrations of 4–7 % (w/v)
just produced droplets. The concentration of 8 % (w/v)
produced beaded fibers, and the fibers of 9, 10, 12 and
14 % (w/v) were almost oriented in a random, dispersive
manner and formed a non-woven structure morphology
under scanning electron microscope (SEM) observa-
tion. The porosity measurement via the liquid
displacement method showed that all scaffolds could
not meet the accepted ideal porosity percentage of above
80 %, and the highest recorded porosity percentage was
69.5 % for the 12 % (w/v) scaffold. The contact angle
measurement data displayed the high hydrophobicity of
all scaffolds, which was expected because of the
hydrophobic nature of CA. In vitro L929 mouse
fibroblast cell culture demonstrated that all scaffolds
presented a non-toxic environment and enhanced cell
proliferation and attachment.
Keywords Cellulose acetate · Wet electrospinning ·
Scaffold · Skin tissue engineering
Introduction
Skin is the largest organ of the human body and actsas a
protective barrier against microbial invasion, dehydra-
tion, and thermal, mechanical and chemical insults
(Vatankhah et al. 2014). Skin defects such as burns, soft
tissue traumas and diseases leading to skin necrosis can
M. N. Nosar · M. Salehi · A. Goodarzi · M. Azami (&)
Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell
Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine,
Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
1417755469 Tehran, Iran
e-mail: m-azami@tums.ac.ir
M. N. Nosar
e-mail: Naseri.iranica@gmail.com
M. Salehi
e-mail: majidsalehi_ezd@yahoo.com
A. Goodarzi
e-mail: dvm.goodarzi86@yahoo.com
S. Ghorbani · S. P. Beiranvand
Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical
Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115111 Tehran,
Iran
e-mail: Sadegh.ghorbani@modares.ac.ir
S. P. Beiranvand
e-mail: Shahrampb@yahoo.com
123
Cellulose (2016) 23:3239–3248
DOI 10.1007/s10570-016-1026-7
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved.
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