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A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru

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... In the Americas, traditionally, two butterfly ray species, Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758) [12] and Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) [13], have been reported along the Atlantic coast [11,14,15]. Meanwhile, at least three species, namely Gymnura marmorata (Cooper, 1863) [16], Gymnura crebripunctata (Peters, 1869) [17], and Gymnura afuerae (Hildebrand, 1946) [18], have been mentioned to occur across the eastern Pacific coast by several authors [2,[19][20][21][22][23]. However, other authors currently consider the latter species to be a synonym of G. crebripunctata [3,4,11]. ...
... In a separate study, the authors of [9] utilized a combination of morphometrics and molecular techniques, specifically the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, to distinguish the California butterfly ray G. marmorata and the Longsnout butterfly ray G. crebripunctata as separate species in the northeastern Pacific. Notably, in this work, the authors failed to determine the taxonomic status of G. afuerae due to an insufficient sample size of the Peruvian butterfly ray entity described in [18] in 1946. ...
... Questions regarding the Neotropical butterfly rays' richness and taxonomic validity persist (despite the recent effort mentioned above), particularly for those across the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). For example, G. afuerae had a geographic distribution restricted to the Southern Hemisphere of the ETP, particularly in Ecuador and Peru, which is the type locality of the latter (Isla de Lobos; see [18,24,25]). In addition, this butterfly ray entity stands as one of the most contentious taxa within this genus on this continent even today, where its unresolved taxonomic status directly impacts the overall richness and conservation assessment of this group across their geographic range. ...
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The taxonomic status of butterfly rays within the genus Gymnura remains a subject of ongoing debate among researchers. Some authors recognize up to five valid species for the Americas, while others considered several to be synonyms, which has posed a persistent challenge. We aimed to shed light on this complexity by employing molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) based on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI). Genetic sequences were obtained from fresh muscle tissue collected in the marine ecoregions corresponding to the type locality from all the nominal butterfly ray species distributed along the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). Our results unveiled compelling findings; all the species delimitation models used consistently identified seven MOTUs for the American continent and an extra G. altavela MOTU restricted to Africa. In addition, our results and models exceeded the worldwide accepted interspecific threshold of 2.0%. Remarkably, our results support the taxonomic reinstatement of Gymnura afuerae (Hildebrand, 1946) as a valid species, with a range expanding into the ETP in the Southern Hemisphere. Similarly, our data support the recent suggestion of resurrecting Gymnura valenciennii (Duméril, 1865) as a valid species in the western Atlantic. These findings urge a reassessment of the conservation status and a comprehensive taxonomic revision of American butterfly rays.
... Size-at-birth is poorly known for this species. Collected from the Piura and Ica re gions, a small individual of 25 cm TL showed an umbilical scar and an embryo of 20.4 cm TL was well developed, including its teeth (Hildebrand 1946). Based on close relatives with the most similar body sizes (i.e. ...
... On a 1941-1943 mission by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, fishes were collected at 54 sites along the Peruvian coast. The Pacific guitarfish was taken in larger quantities at Piura (Lobos de Tierra, Sechura Bay, Paita Bay, Nonura Bay, Talara Bay), Lima (Chilca), Ica (Paracas), and Tumbes (Puerto Pizarro) (Hildebrand 1946). This study also mentions that according to local statistics records, the catches come principally from Piura (Paita and Sechura) and in some quantity from Ica (Pisco). ...
... The Pacific guitarfish occupied the 72nd position in economic value (in increasing order of value) from 330 hydrobiological resources. This species has been a low-value resource at least since the 1940s; yet important for food security for low-income families (Hildebrand 1946). The price has remained low, although its abundance has apparently diminished. ...
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This review examines—with a focus on Peru—the distribution, life-history, ecology, fisheries, historic and contemporary cultural importance, commerce, and management of the Pacific guitarfish Pseudobatos planiceps . In the eastern Pacific, Peru represents its most important habitats. The only 2 identified Important Shark and Ray Areas for this species are in Peru for feeding purposes. Other critical habitats are unidentified (e.g. reproductive). Most demographic parameters are unknown, since only length-at-maturity and fecundity have been determined. This species is a mesopredator that feeds on benthic invertebrates but also on Peruvian anchoveta. This trophic plasticity is unique among species within this genus. Globally, Peru has one of the longest species-specific landing datasets (56 yr) and one of the largest catches among countries that report guitarfish landings. This dataset shows a 98% decrease in landings from a peak in 1981 to a low in 2004, while fishing effort increased during this period, suggesting that depletion occurred in the early 1980s. The Pacific guitarfish is the third most landed ray species by artisanal fisheries in Peru, mainly between the central and northern regions. Adults are mainly caught using gillnets and as bycatch in trawling fisheries. Mid-northern Peru has a millennia-old tradition in Pacific guitarfish capture and consumption, and catch is not regulated. Along its distributional range, fisheries in Peru are the main cause of population decline; therefore, there is an urgency to halt this trend to protect the Pacific guitarfish. This review establishes a baseline, identifies information gaps, and provides recommendations to guide research and management for the species.
... Galeichthys eigenmanni from Panama, described by , is confirmed as a junior synonym of A. seemanni (sensu Regan, 1906Regan, -1908Meek & Hildebrand, 1923;, while Ariopsis gilberti and Ariopsis simonsi have been taxonomically redefined herein. Tachisurus jordani Eigenmann & Eigenmann (1888), described from the EP of Panama, is recognized as valid by Eigenmann & Eigenmann (1889), Jordan & Everman (1896), Meek & Hildebrand (1923), and Hildebrand (1946). Galeichthys jordani (sensu Meek & Hildebrand, 1923) was differentiated from Ariopsis seemanni based on qualitative degrees of granulation on the cephalic shield, i.e., "roughly granular vs. smooth" or "slightly granular", "median keel of the occipital process low and blunt vs. sharp", "snout very low, and the eye small vs. larger" (see Meek & Hildebrand, 1923: 105). ...
... Wilson (1916) validated A. simonsi based on specimens collected at Buenaventura and Tumaco, thus broadening the geographical range of this species. In several more recent treatments, however, A. simonsi was synonymized with A. seemanni (Meek & Hildebrand, 1923) and Galeichthys jordani (Hildebrand, 1946). Hildebrand (1946) also compared two specimens collected at Cabo Blanco, Peru (290-340 mm TL), the type specimen of A. simonsi, and a specimen from Tumbes, Peru (335 mm TL), with specimens collected in Panama. ...
... In several more recent treatments, however, A. simonsi was synonymized with A. seemanni (Meek & Hildebrand, 1923) and Galeichthys jordani (Hildebrand, 1946). Hildebrand (1946) also compared two specimens collected at Cabo Blanco, Peru (290-340 mm TL), the type specimen of A. simonsi, and a specimen from Tumbes, Peru (335 mm TL), with specimens collected in Panama. The author inferred that the specimens from Peru are closer to G. jordani, than to A. seemanni, supporting his conclusions on a series of observations; e.g., "the large eye, the rather flat deep snout with nearly vertical edges, the mouth flat interorbital, which rises scarcely more than diameter of pupil above upper margin of eye, and the broad mouth, which is arched forward only slight" (see Hildebrand, 1946: 126). ...
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The taxonomy of sea catfishes (Ariidae) has had a complex history. A recent checklist of catfish species recognized Ariidae as having by far the highest number of species with uncertain status among siluriform families. One of the main problems concerns the classification and species delimitation of the amphiamerican genus Ariopsis Gill. Some recent studies have listed Ariopsis under the synonymy of other genera (e.g., Sciades Müller & Troschel), while other systematic revisions recognize Ariopsis as valid but have pointed out the need for clarification of the species composition of the genus. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, the systematic status and taxonomic limits of the genus Ariopsis are herein redefined. Two new species of Ariopsis are described, one only known from the Archipiélago de las Perlas, Pacific coast of Panama and another endemic to the Colombian Caribbean. Additionally, Ariopsis gilberti from the Pacific coast of Mexico and Ariopsis simonsi from Peru to Colombia (Eastern Pacific), previously listed as synonyms of Ariopsis seemanni, are herein resurrected. Finally, a molecular phylogeny is provided together with an identification key to the eight species in Ariopsis.
... This species has some records due to incidental captures off the coast of this country (Medina et al., 2004). Despite the species' wide distribution, it ranges from the northern hemisphere, from San Francisco, California (USA), to the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) and Lobos de Afuera (Peru) (Hildebrand, 1946;Berry & Baldwin, 1966;Chirichigno, 1974;Vélez et al., 1984;Chirichigno & Vélez, 1998;Brito, 2003). There are very few records for the species in Chilean coastal waters. ...
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It mentions the finding of a specimen of the species Balystes polylepis Steindachner (1876) (Pisces: Tetraodontiformes: Balistidae), incidentally caught by a purse seine net off the coast of the city of San Antonio, Valparaíso Region (33°36′00″S 71°37′00″W), this being the third specimen collected for the region.
... D'après Hildebrand (1946) in Shore Fishes of Peru, il est impossible de rapporter cette description à l'une des espèces de Serranidae connues au Pérou. Serranus pixanga Valenciennes, 1828, in Cuv. ...
... Nexilosus.-The single species of this genus is a benthic omnivore found in shallow, rocky areas of the temperate eastern Pacific (Hildebrand, 1946;Allen, 1991;Grove and Lavenberg, 1997;Angel and Ojeda, 2001;Aguilar-Medrano et al., 2011). In their description of the genus, Heller and Snodgrass (1903) remarked that most of the diagnostic characters for Nexilosus are shared with Hypsypops. ...
... This species has been documented in aggregations around rocky reefs near pinniped colonies in northern California, eastern Australia, Canada and South Africa [26][27][28] . Its presence along south-eastern Pacific coasts is uncommon [29][30][31][32][33] . The GWS is a generalist feeder with increasing trophic levels through ontogeny 34 . ...
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Shark nurseries are essential habitats for shark survival. Notwithstanding the rich fossil record of the modern great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias, GWS), its use of nursery areas in the fossil record has never been assessed before. Here, we analysed the fossil record of the GWS from three South American Pliocene localities, assessed body size distributions and applied previously established criteria to identify palaeo-nurseries. We found that juveniles dominate the Coquimbo locality (Chile), whereas subadults and adults characterize Pisco (Peru) and Caldera (Chile), respectively. These results, summed to the paleontological and paleoenvironmental record of the region, suggest that Coquimbo represents the first nursery area for the GWS in the fossil record. Our findings demonstrate that one of the top predators in today's oceans has used nursery areas for millions of years, highlighting their importance as essential habitats for shark survival in deep time.
... Distribution: Massachusetts to Texas, except southern Florida. Hildebrand, 1946 Larimus gulosus Hildebrand, 1946: 298, fig. 64 (Lobos de Tierra I., Peru). ...
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A checklist of the croakers of the world, family Sciaenidae, is presented. A total of 584 nominal species belonging to 289 valid species and 69 genera is included. Four genera, Johnius with 32 species, Cynoscion 25, Stellifer 24, and Umbrina 17 contains 30% of the species, whereas 43% of the genera (31) are monotypic. Eques is a valid genus-name and should be used instead of Equetus. Fourteen nominal species remain unidentifiable and are placed in incertae sedis, whereas 12 nominal species currently described in sciaenid genera lay outside the family. Among this latter group two of them represent senior synonyms of well-established species: Sciaena guttata Bloch and Schneider, 1801 and Sciaena pallida Walbaum, 1792 predate Giuris margaritaceus (Valenciennes, 1837) and Cymolutes praetextatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824), respectively, and they are here declared nomina oblita.
... Brachygenys chrysargyreum (Günther, 1859) Breder & Rosen (1966), Ogden et al. (1975), Courtenay & Sahlman (1978), Erdman (1983), Martin & Patus (1984), Bouchon-Navaro & Louis (1986), Robins & Ray (1986), Robins et al. (1991), Böhlke & Chaplin (1993), Cervigón 1993), Humann (1994, Lieske & Myers (1994), Randall (1996), Rosa & Moura (1997), Smith (1997), Aguilera (1998), Rocha & Rosa (1999) Brachygenys peruanus (Hildebrand, 1946) Xenistius peruanus Hildebrand, 1946: 235, fig figure) to D VIII,11 and A III,14 (Bloch's figure) and D VIII,11 and A III,12 (Bloch's text) (Fig. 3). Bauchot et al. (1983: 33) Eastern Pacific (4 species) and western Atlantic (1 species) with a total of five species (Johnson, 1980). ...
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The present study gives an updated checklist of the species belonging to the family Haemulidae. Information on the status of 402 nominal species, including 131 valid species, 235 synonyms, 20 incertae sedis, 10 nomina nuda, and six non-haemulid species, are given.
... Son de color plateado; las aletas pectorales son de color blanco o plomo claro. Presenta radios dorsales XII, 14-17; radios anales III, 12-13; altura del cuerpo en longitud estándar 2,1-2,5 veces, labios gruesos, aleta caudal truncada o ligeramente recortada radios anteriores de la aleta dorsal y de la anal mucho más largos que los radios posteriores, lo que da a estas aletas una forma un tanto triangular (Hildebrand 1946). ...
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M. 2018. Manual para acondicionamiento y reproducción de chita Anisotremus scapularis. Inf Inst Mar Perú. 45(2): 263-276.-El presente manual está basado en la experiencia y resultados obtenidos entre el 2013 y 2016 en el Laboratorio de Cultivo de Peces del Imarpe. Se detalla procedimientos de los sistemas de recirculación de agua de mar y características del manejo y mantenimiento de ejemplares en laboratorio. Además, se explican los protocolos para reproducción y otros aspectos como patologías observadas durante el cultivo. ABSTRACT Carrera L, Cota N, Linares J, Castro A, Orihuela L, Silva E, Montes M. 2018. Manual for Peruvian grunt Anisotremus scapularis conditioning and reproduction. Inf Inst Mar Peru. 45(2): 263-276.-This manual is based on the experience and results obtained between 2013 and 2016 at the Imarpe Fish Cultivation Laboratory. It details procedures for seawater recirculation systems and characteristics of the handling and maintenance of laboratory specimens. In addition, the protocols for reproduction and other aspects such as pathologies observed during cultivation are explained. Figura 1.-Producción mundial de la pesca y acuicultura (FaO 2016) 1. INTRODUCCIÓN La acuicultura a nivel mundial ha tenido un importante desarrollo en relación a la pesca de captura, que desde finales de la década de 1980 se ha mantenido estable con una producción entre 80 a 100 millones de toneladas (FaO 2016) (Fig. 1). Esta actividad representa casi el 50% de los productos pesqueros mundiales destinados a la alimentación y es importante para muchos países, ya que favorece los esfuerzos globales encaminados a eliminar el hambre y la malnutrición, además de impactar significativamente en la disminución de la pobreza e impulsar el crecimiento económico (avilés 2000). El cultivo de peces marinos ha venido experimentando un crecimiento sostenido en los últimos años, en particular el cultivo de peces marinos de escamas. Aunque los cultivos representan el 12,6% de la producción total de estos peces, su valor llega a alcanzar el 26,9% del total, debido a que los peces de escama procedentes del cultivo marino comprenden especies como el salmón del Atlántico y los meros, cuyo valor unitario es muy superior al de la mayoría de peces de escama criados en agua dulce (FaO 2014). Por otro lado, el Perú cuenta con un gran potencial para el desarrollo de la maricultura, con una línea costera de 30795,50 km y una amplitud de 200 millas a lo que se suman características oceanográficas apropiadas para esta actividad. en general, la acuicultura en el Perú ha tenido una tasa de crecimiento de 20% anual en los últimos años y es considerada una actividad importante por los altos niveles de producción obtenidos. Manual: Acondicionamiento y reproducción Anisotremus scapularis Carrera,
... Brachygenys chrysargyreum (Günther, 1859) Breder & Rosen (1966), Ogden et al. (1975), Courtenay & Sahlman (1978), Erdman (1983), Martin & Patus (1984), Bouchon-Navaro & Louis (1986), Robins & Ray (1986), Robins et al. (1991), Böhlke & Chaplin (1993), Cervigón 1993), Humann (1994, Lieske & Myers (1994), Randall (1996), Rosa & Moura (1997), Smith (1997), Aguilera (1998), Rocha & Rosa (1999) Brachygenys peruanus (Hildebrand, 1946) Xenistius peruanus Hildebrand, 1946: 235, fig figure) to D VIII,11 and A III,14 (Bloch's figure) and D VIII,11 and A III,12 (Bloch's text) (Fig. 3). Bauchot et al. (1983: 33) Eastern Pacific (4 species) and western Atlantic (1 species) with a total of five species (Johnson, 1980). ...
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A checklist of the species belonging to the family Haemulidae is presented. Information about the status of 402 nominal species, including 131 valid species, 235 synonyms, 20 incertae sedis, 10 nomina nuda, and six non-haemulid species, are given. The nominal species Dentex diplodon Bowdich, 1825 placed in the Sparidae according to the ECoF is here recognized in the Haemulidae. The article will be published by the Iranian J. Ichthyiol.
... (5) Gymnothorax equatorialis (Hildebrand, 1946). Equatorial moray, Spotted-tail moray, Spotted moray (En); Morena cola pintada, Morena del Ecuador (Sp) Distribution. ...
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An annotated and photographically illustrated checklist with DNA barcodes of the species of bony fishes collected during a month-long research cruise of the Spanish Research vessel B/O Miguel Oliver is presented. The vessel made trawls on the continental shelf of the Pacific coast of Central America, in November-December 2010, at depths of 108–1625 m. This list, based on 707 specimens (of a total of 876 specimens collected during the whole expedition), includes 129 species belonging to 15 orders, 61 families, and 97 genera. New information is presented on the geographical distributions of more than a third of those species, with 29 species (22.4%) representing new records from Central American waters and 17 species (13.2%) having expanded latitudinal ranges. Data on capture depths demonstrate increased depth ranges due to new minimum and/or maximum known depths for 31 species, i.e. 24% of those captured. Tissue samples from frozen specimens were used to obtain DNA barcodes of 682 (96.5%) individuals belonging to 118 species (91.4% of those recorded here), which have been made publically available in Genbank. Those data include barcodes for 84 species (65.1% of the total collected, and 77.1% of those for which barcodes were obtained) and 30 genera (30.9% of those collected) for which no species barcodes have been previously published. Barcodes of 54 species represent the first genetic sequences of any type published for those species. The abundance of new data indicate that there is still much to learn about the composition and geographical and depth distributions of the fish fauna of the shelf edge and continental slope of this region.
... Infortunadamente, las conclusiones de Deckert (1973) no se publicaron y consecuentemente no fueron consideradas en estudios taxonómicos ulteriores (e.g. Hildebrand, 1946;Castro-Aguirre, 1978;Bussing & López, 1993;Bussing, 1995;Castro-Aguirre et al., 1999). Cabe hacer notar que todos los ejemplares aquí examinados fueron consistentes con las descripciones establecidas por Regan (1903Regan ( , 1906 cumáceos, anfípodos e isópodos, briozoarios, ofiúridos), insectos y pastos marinos (Enteromorpha y Rhizoclonium), así como de peces, aunque en menor proporción (Bussing, 1995). ...
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Se llevo a cabo un estudio sistemático y biogeográfico de las especies nominales del género Eugerres Jordan & Evermann, 1927, por medio de una serie de análisis merísticos, morfosistemáticos y osteológicos. La revisión critica de su taxonomía fue sustentada en el examen de ejemplares tipo y otros procedentes de su ámbito de distribución conocida, además de la consulta de las diagnosis originales y evaluaciones morfométricas mediante técnicas de análisis de variables canónicas. Se comprobó la existencia de siete especies representativas del género: E. brasilianus (Cuvier, 1830), E. plumieri (Cuvier, 1830) y una nueva forma de Eugerres aquí descrita, todas distribuidas en la vertiente costera del Atlántico occidental; además de E. lineatus (Humboldt, 1821), E. axillaris (Günther, 1864) y E. brevimanus (Günther, 1864) con distribución en el Pacífico oriental. Este estudio aclara la confusión nomenclatorial debida al incorrecto número de branquiespinas [Be] asignado a E. lineatus y E. axillaris. De manera que E. lineatus tiene más de 15 Be y E. axillaris 12, no 15. La variabilidad morfológica observada en los ejemplares del complejo E. mexicanus, permitió establecer la probable existencia de una forma adicional en este grupo. El análisis filogenético, apoyado en 30 caracteres morfológicos, merísticos y osteológicos, generó un cladograma de máxima parsimonia (L= 46, IC = 78 e IR = 79) que sustenta la monofilia del género (con base en diez sinapomorfias estrictas), corrobora su estabilidad taxonómica y las relaciones genealógicas entre: [E. mexicanus - [[E. plumieri - Eugerres sp.] - [E.axillaris [E. brasilianus [E. brevimanus - E. lineatus ]]], y el reconocimiento de D. auratus - D. peruvianus, como grupo hermano. El análisis biogeográfico aplicado a una matriz de datos de presencia-ausencia, integrada por 9 taxones y 11 provincias zoogeográficas, produjo un cladograma de mayor parsimonia (L = 9, IC = 100 e IR = 100) el cual indica que dichas provincias representan unidades naturales, mismas que están agrupadas en un esquema regional Atlántico-Pacífico que es congruente con la filogenia del grupo y las áreas de distribución actual de sus especies. Se propone una hipótesis basada en el modelo vicariante, para explicar el proceso cladogenético en relación con eventos paleoceanográficos y geotectónicos asociados con la última emergencia del istmo Centroamericano.
... The recognition of the occurrence of C. festae and C. manglarensis in northern Peru reinforces the need for the revision of the original identification of the specimens of this genus collected on the coast of Peru. This would includes, for example, the specimens collected in Puerto Pizarro and Paita, Peru, which were identified by Hildebrand (1946) as Cathorops multiradiatus. ...
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Over the past decade, the Sea Catfish (Ariidae) genus Cathorops has been the focus of a major taxonomic review, which has resulted in the revalidation of five synonymized nominal species, and the recognition of seven new species. With 21 valid species, Cathorops is currently the most species-rich genus of Ariidae in the New World. The principal lacuna in the taxonomic knowledge of genus species is the uncertain status of Arius festae Boulenger, 1898, described from Naranjal, in the Guayas River basin of Ecuador. In the present study Cathorops festae is redescribed as a valid species based on morphological and molecular data.
... Early accounts were based on qualitative data from few samples, with little or no indication of prey relative importance. Information from early studies compiled by Alverson (1963) showed, for example, that yellowfin tuna off Peru and northern Chile fed on anchovies (Engraulis ringens), squids (likely Onychoteuthidae and Ommastrephidae), small mackerel (likely S. japonicus), silversides (unknown species), saury (likely Cololabis adocetus), hake (likely Merluccius gayi), and unidentified larval stomatopods (de Buen, 1958;Hildebrand, 1946;Mann, 1954;Schweigger, 1949). Skipjack tuna in the Gulf of California fed on red crabs (Pleuroncodes planipes) (Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941), and on mesopelagic lanternfishes (Myctophidae) and phosichthyid lightfish (Vinciguerria lucetia) off the coast of Colombia and Peru (Ahlstrom and Counts, 1958;Alverson, 1963;see Alverson, 1963 for further early qualitative information). ...
Article
Tunas are highly specialized predators that have evolved numerous adaptations for a lifestyle that requires large amounts of energy consumption. Here we review our understanding of the bioenergetics and feeding dynamics of tunas on a global scale, with an emphasis on yellowfin, bigeye, skipjack, albacore, and Atlantic bluefin tunas. Food consumption balances bioenergetics expenditures for respiration, growth (including gonad production), specific dynamic action, egestion, and excretion. Tunas feed across the micronekton and some large zooplankton. Some tunas appear to time their life history to take advantage of ephemeral aggregations of crustacean, fish, and molluscan prey. Ontogenetic and spatial diet differences are substantial, and signifi- cant interdecadal changes in prey composition have been observed. Diet shifts from larger to smaller prey taxa highlight ecosystem-wide changes in prey availability and diversity and provide implications for changing bioenergetics requirements into the future. Where tunas overlap, we show evidence of niche separation between them; resources are divided largely by differences in diet percentages and size ranges of prey taxa. The lack of long-term data limits the ability to predict impacts of climate change on tuna feeding behaviour. We note the need for systematic collection of feeding data as part of routine monitoring of these species, and we highlight the advantages of using biochemical techniques for broad-scale analyses of trophic relations. We support the continued development of ecosystem models, which all too often lack the regional-specific trophic data needed to adequately investigate climate and fishing impacts.
... Sin embargo concordamos con Robins & Starck (1961) y Meisler (1987 en que P. huascarii debe ser colocada en el género Serranus. Esta situación no fue considerada por muchos años y erróneamente se siguió utilizando P. huascarii (Fowler 1945, Hildebrand 1946, Mann 1954, de Buen 1959, Chirichigno 1974, Bahamonde & Pequeño 1975y Pequeño 1989. Además en ninguna de estas obras se presenta información sobre características morfológicas y merísticas. ...
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A revision of epinepheline (Epinephelinae) and serranine (Serraninae) fishes from the Eastern Chilean South Pacific is presented, based on collections housed in Chile, Peru and the USA. Four species are recognized: Pseudogramma australis pasquensis; Diplectrum conceptione; Paralabrax humeralis and Serranus huacarii. According to literature Paralabrax semifasciatus, Serranus semifasciatus and Prionodes huascarii are relegated to the synonymy of Paralabrax humeralis and Serranus huascarii respectively. Keys for the identification of genera and species are presented, and for each species we provide a diagnosis, remarks on colors, distribution, number of species in each genus and illustration. The keys use easily observed characters for differentiating the four species of the Eastern South Pacific epinepheline and serranine fishes of Chile.
... Caracteres descriptivos: Aleta anal larga, con más de 24 radios, cuyo origen se encuentra equidistante entre la punta del hocico y la base de la caudal; ángulo posterodorsal del opérculo levemente cóncavo; dos hileras de dientes mandibulares; 15 a 20 branquispinas en la rama inferior; estola del ancho de una hilera de escamas; ausencia de huesos extrascapulares; presencia de canal sensorial preopercular abierto; presencia de cavidades y canales en la piel de la región dorsal del hocico, entre los nasales (HILDEBRAND, 1946). ...
... Nearly all that is known about the biology of this species is based on studies conducted off California. (Collins, 1892;Hubbs, 1929;Clark, 1935;Hildebrand, 1946;Svetovidov, 1952Svetovidov, , 1963Ahlstrom and Kramer, 1957;Miller and Lea, 1972;Fitch and Lavenberg, 1975;Whitehead, 1985;Parrish et al., 1989;Javor et al., 2011) atic in origin. It was introduced as a food fish in many parts of the United States, especially in the years following the Civil War, and initially into Idaho, Oregon, and Washington in 1882. ...
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As part of a current effort to restore the Salish Sea, a 16,925-km2 inland waterway shared by Washington State and British Columbia, a definitive, up-to-date list of the fishes that inhabit this marine ecosystem has been badly needed. The last such effort was published more than three decades ago. In response to this deficiency, we compiled information from various sources and identified 253 fish species observed in marine or brackish waters of the Salish Sea ecosystem, an increase of nearly 14% since the last published checklist. These 253 species, encompassing 1 myxinid, 2 petromyzontids, 18 chondrichthyans, 2 chondrosteans, and 230 teleosts, are contained within 78 families and 31 orders. This comprehensive list of the Salish Sea ichthyofauna will serve as a foundation for determining the occurrence of new species and perhaps the disappearance of others, enabling the selection of species as indicators of ecosystem health, and will provide a basis for identifying the mechanisms responsible for marine animal declines.
... Gymnothorax equatorialis (Hildebrand 1946) Priodonophis equatorialis Hildebrand 1946: 134, fig. 31 (Gulf of Guayaquil, off Mt. Organos, near Cabo Blanco, Peru, 4°13'S, 80°13'W, 12 fm Gymnothorax dentex de Buen 1961: 12, fig. 4 (Easter I., se Pacific). ...
Article
A checklist of the currently recognized species of moray eels (Muraenidae) is presented. One hundred ninety seven species are considered to be valid, in 15 genera, and two subfamilies. The account for each valid species contains bibliographic information for that species and all synonyms, including primary type specimens and type locality. Also given for each species is the number of vertebrae, the mean vertebral formula (MVF), the general geographic distribution, and any explanatory remarks that may be needed. A list of nominal genera and species is given, with the current status of each. Separate lists are provided for names that cannot be assigned to known species (incertae sedis) and those that are unavailable.
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Two factors have been instrumental in drawing scientists and scholars to northwestern Peru: oil resources and the climatic phenomena known as El Niño. During the past seventy-five years many aspects of the geology, paleontology, geography, climate, botany, zoology, and archaeology of the region north of the Sechura Desert have become well known. Due to the attention that scientists and the Peruvian government have paid to this area, the departments of Piura and Tumbes are scientifically the best known regions of Peru.
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A taxonomic review of Indo-Pacific species of the scorpionfish genus Scorpaena resulted in the recognition of 21 valid species (including 2 subspecies and 2 new species) and 13 synonyms. The new species, Scorpaena longaecrista and Scorpaena sororreginae, were described on the basis of 50 and 23 specimens, respectively, from the west coast of Australia. Updated definitions of both the genus and species of Indo-Pacific Scorpaena, based on previously published characters and confirmed by examination of type and non-type specimens in this study, are provided. A diagnosis, synonymy, distribution, and list of specimens examined (or appropriate citation if previously published in detail) are given for each species, together with an identification key for all valid Indo-Pacific species of Scorpaena.
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Five new species of Stellifer are described from the Caribbean Sea and tropical southwestern Atlantic. Among the previously recognized stelliferine genera, Stellifer is unique by having a pair of variably developed appendages on the posterior margin of the anterior gas chamber, which is lacking in Bairdiella, Corvula, Elattarchus, Odontoscion and Ophioscion. However, recent genetic studies indicated that Stellifer and Ophioscion are not monophyletic. The genus Ophioscion Gill, 1863 is recognized herein as a junior synonym of Stellifer Oken, 1817. Of the five new species described, Stellifer cervigoni n. sp., S. collettei n. sp., and S. musicki n. sp. have a pair of knob-like diverticula along the posterior margin of the anterior gas chamber, which is absent in S. macallisteri n. sp., and S. menezesi n. sp. Stellifer cervigoni n. sp. is found along the southern Caribbean coast of Colombia and Venezuela; it can be distinguished from other species by having a jet-black roof of mouth and inner opercular lining. Stellifer collettei n. sp. is found from Surinam to southeastern Brazil, while S. musicki n. sp. is endemic to northern Brazil. Stellifer macallisteri n. sp. has an oblique, terminal mouth and it is found in Colombia, Venezuela and Dominican Republic. Stellifer menezesi n. sp. has a subterminal mouth and is found from northeastern to southeastern Brazil. These results bring the number of valid species of Stellifer in the Atlantic to 18, and a key to the identification of these species is included.
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Thesis
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An annotated checklist of the groupers and sea basses known to date is given. Species are arranged in the subfamilies Anthiadinae, Epinephelinae, and Serraninae and listed alphabetically according to the genus they belong to. The list includes 1183 nominal species representing 579 valid species in 72 genera. Thirty-one new junior synonyms (Cerna acutirostris var. lata Döderlein, Holocentrus bicolor Shaw, Centropristis brasiliensis Brisout de Barneville, Labrus caprulensis Nardo, Holocentrus chana Nardo, Serranus confertus Anonymous, Holocentrus decussatus Shaw, Labrus fasciatus Walbaum, Perca fusca Thunberg, Serranus goliath Peters, Paraserranus hasseltii Bleeker, Holocentrus hians Nardo, Grammistes lineatus Arnault, Holocentrus marinus variegatus Suchow, Serranus cruentatus Peters, Holocentrus epinephelus Lacepède, Plectropoma melanorhina Guichenot, Serranus melas Peters, Prionodes nigropunctatus Hildebrand, Perca pentacantha Lacepède, Holocentrus pirapixanga Lacepède, Labrus salviani Suckow, Serranus sarnicus Griffith and Smith, Lutjanus scriptura Lacepéde, Bodianus sexlineatus Lacepède, Labrus spalatensis Walbaum, Centropristis springeri Weed, Epinephelus striatus Bloch, Perca triacantha Lacepède, Lutjanus trilobatus Lacepède, Mustelichthys ui Tanaka) are recognized. Five nomina oblita (Cerna sicana Döderlein, Epinephelus argus Bloch and Schneider, Grammistes compressus Liénard, Perca miniata caeruleoocellata Forsskål, and Holocentrus zebra Marion de Procé) are here declared. Perca daba Forsskål is regarded as vernacular. An unneeded replacement name (Epinephelus dermatolepis Boulenger) is discovered. Epinephelus gigas (Brünnich) should be regarded as the valid name presently known as Epinephelus marginatus and an application to ICZN is needed to retain the latter and to preserve stability. The enigmatic species Caesioscorpis theagenes and Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos are placed in the families Caesioscorpididae, new family, and Hemilutjanidae new family, respectively.
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A checklist of the currently recognized species of moray eels (Muraenidae) is presented. One hundred ninety seven speciesare considered to be valid, in 15 genera, and two subfamilies. The account for each valid species contains bibliographicinformation for that species and all synonyms, including primary type specimens and type locality. Also given for eachspecies is the number of vertebrae, the mean vertebral formula (MVF), the general geographic distribution, and any ex-planatory remarks that may be needed. A list of nominal genera and species is given, with the current status of each. Separate lists are provided for names that cannot be assigned to known species (incertae sedis) and those that are unavailable.
Data
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The scorpionfish Scorpaena decemradiata n. sp. is described from off the coast of Israel in the Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea. The new species is similar to S. porcus Linnaeus, 1758, but is characterized by dorsal fin spines XII, soft dorsal fin rays 10 (the last divided at base); pectoral fin rays 16, uppermost branched pectoral fin ray is the second; lacrimal with 2 spines over maxilla that point at nearly right angle from each other, the posterior pointing ventrally and slightly anteriorly; occipital pit well developed; anteriormost mandibular lateral-line pores small, separated; scales ctenoid; 59-62 scale rows in longitudinal series; scales absent on chest and pectoral fin base; and cirri developed over entire head and body, but no cirri on lower jaw. An updated checklist of the species of the genus Scorpaena Linnaeus, 1758 and a key to the species of the eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea are presented.
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Description of a specimen of Nicholsina denticulata (Evermann & Radcliffe, 1917) (Scaridae, Labroidei) captured in the north of Chile. The information is compared with data presented by previous authors. The distribution of the species in the southeastern Pacific is discussed.
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The re-examination of the holotype of Gerres peruvianus Cuvier, 1830 revealed that it is distinct from "Diapterus peruvianus" [s.l.], a well-known species along the tropical eastern Pacific coast. Morphological and meristic examinations of the syntypes of G. brevirostris Sauvage, 1879 show that it is a valid species, corresponding to the Diapterus-like specimens traditionally assigned to D. peruvianus (non Cuvier). Thus, D. brevirostris is herein reinstated as a valid gerreid species, and G. peruvianus is considered as incertae sedis until its status is resolved.
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This listing adds 213 titles to the original bibliography (Gulf Res. Repts. 1 (6), 1964) and the 1966 supplement (Gulf Res. Repts. 2(2) :169-176). Although a number of previously overlooked references are included, there are 137 citations of works published during the 1965-70 period. The frequency of recent publications offers some indication of the current worldwide interest in problems of fish teratology.
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Un pez elefante se reporta por la primera vez del Ecuador continental. Un solo espécimen del pejegallo suramericano común, Callorhinchus callorynchus, fue recogido en Puerto López en 1998. Este registro corresponde a una extensión del rango de distribución hacia el norte de por lo menos 500 km. Su ocurrencia en Ecuador podría ser ligada al acontecimiento de La Niña 1998-2001.
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The finding of six fish specimens of the genus Chromis in the coast of Valdivia, Chile (ca. 39°S), promoted a taxonomie study that led to the conclusion that the fishes in question were Chromis crusma. This finding represents an extension of the southernmost distributional limit for this species as well as the family Pomacentridae in the coast of the SE Pacific ocean. Morphometric and meristic data obtained from the specimens are given, as well as discussion of the biogeographic significance of this finding. Some controversial aspects about other species of the genus Chromis and their geographical distribution in Chilean waters are also discussed. A key is provided for the recognition of species of the genus Chromis from Chilean waters.
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The re-examination of the holotype of Gerres peruvianus Cuvier, 1830 revealed that it is distinct from "Diapterus peruvianus" [s.l.], a well-known species along the tropical eastern Pacific coast. Morphological and meristic examinations of the syntypes of G. brevirostris Sauvage, 1879 show that it is a valid species, corresponding to the Diapterus-like specimens traditionally assigned to D. peruvianus (non Cuvier). Thus, D. brevirostris is herein reinstated as a valid gerreid species, and G. peruvianus is considered as incertae sedis until its status is resolved.
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