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In vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-tumor activity of Luffa acutangula against Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cells bearing mice
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to explore the anti-oxidant activity of the methanolic and aqueous extracts and anticancer activity of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the Luffa acutangula in Swiss albino mice against Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites cells. Both methanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited antioxidant activity determined by in vitro models. Anticancer activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Luffa acutangula was evaluated in Swiss albino mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight orally. Both extracts at both doses were administered for 13 consecutive days. After 24 h of the last dose and then eighteen hours of fasting, the mice were sacrificed and antitumor effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts was assessed by evaluating tumor weight and tumor volume. Both the extracts showed significant decrease in (p<0.0001) tumor volume and weight. The results demonstrated that the extract has potent dose dependent anticancer activity comparable to that of cisplatin. Aqueous extract at both doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) and ethanolic extract at 400 mg/kg dose showed potent anticancer activity. © 2015, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. All rights received.
... Leaf extract exhibits high antiproliferative activity against cell line tested, exhibits high dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence and significantly increase in mitochondrial depolarization. Anticancer activity of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the L. acutangula was assessed by evaluating tumour weight and tumour volume in Swiss albino mice against Dalton's lymphoma ascites cells (Dashora & Chauhan, 2015). The extracts showed significant decrease in tumour volume and weight. ...
... Antioxidant: Extract of L. acutangula was tested for it's free radical scavenging activities in the DPPH radical screening assay, reduced glutathione, nitric oxide scavenging method and non-enzymatic inhibition of bovine brain lipid peroxidation. It showed a strong inhibitory activity (Ansari et al., 2005;Dashora & Chauhan, 2015;Gill et al., 2011a;Iyyamperumal et al., 2013;Shekhawat et al., 2010). Further, the extracts of L. acutangula pericarp was evaluated for antioxidant using in vitro for ABTS, superoxides radical, reducing power and phosphomolybdenum assay. ...
Cucurbit plants were used actively as traditional herbal remedies for various diseases. The medicinal importance of plants lies in some chemical substances or secondary metabolites that produce a specific physiological action on the human body. Secondary metabolites are non nutritive chemical constituents of plants which are restricted in distribution in the particular plant species. The scarcity of scientific reports of vegetable gourds compared to the traditional usage and folkloric beliefs has further limited us in proper inclusion of cucurbits in our diet and versatile utility. The versatile utility of gourd vegetables as folk medicine and functional food ingredient provoked a compilation of a comprehensive review of these vegetables about their traditional usage and nutritional and medicinal properties together with their phytochemicals. Understanding the nutritional potential of gourd vegetables from scientific reports may influence both the work areas and consumers in the appropriate direction. In this sense, the present chapter aims to provide compilation of references and a detailed overview to the folk medicinal uses of Cucurbita plants. Brief discussion of phytochemicals and its activities are given in the text and for further details, cited references in the text and tables can be consulted.
... In the study, Swiss albino mice received two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg, oral) of each extract along with DLA cells. Development of solid tumor in mice was significantly diminished on treatment with both extracts (Dashora and Chauhan, 2015). ...
... The LD 50 value of an aqueous and methanolic fruit extract was obtained at 4 g/kg body weight (Dashora and Chauhan, 2015). No mortality was observed for both extract during study period. ...
Luffa acutangula (Cucurbitaceae), a perennial plant grows mainly in India, Southeast Asia, China, Japan, Egypt, and other parts of Africa, it is widely used in the traditional Indian medicinal system to treat various health conditions. The plant has been used in jaundice, diabetes, hemorrhoids, dysentery, headache, ringworm infection, and leprosy. More than 50 chemical compounds have been isolated from a plant which mainly comprises flavonoids, anthraquinones, proteins, fatty acids, saponin triterpene, volatile components, and other phytoconstituents. Crude extract of plant and its isolated compounds possess broad pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, CNS depressant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory. The toxicological evaluation in preclinical studies reported safety of the plant for human consumption, but comprehensive evaluation in clinical studies is required. However, further investigation is necessary for transformation of experience based treatment of plant into evidence based information. Evaluation of pharmacological activity with indicative biomarkers will help to reveal the mechanism of action of chemical constituents of plant extract. The data from preclinical studies recommends clinical evaluation of safety and efficacy of the plant. The current paper summarizes up-to-date information about a review of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and toxicology to highlight the future prospects of the plant.
... The seed is used for dysentery and fruit juice is used to treat headaches [15]. The parts of the plant showed laxative, diuretic, antiseptic, bronchitis, emetic, expectorant, demulcent ascites, uterine and vaginal tumors, antimicrobial, cytotoxic activity, snake bite, and CNS depressant activity [16][17][18][19]. ...
... After the extract treatment, cells showed enhanced level of ROS and increase in mitochondrial depolarization. Methanol and aqueous extracts tested on Swiss albino mice showed significant decrease in tumor induction at 200-400 mg/ kg dose (Dashora and Chauhan, 2015). ...
Luffa acutangula (Roxb.) L. is an important medicinal plant belongs to the family cucurbitaceae. L. acutangula is an annual climber showed sharp longitudinal ribs on fruits. Traditionally, it is used in the treatment of vatta, kapha, and pitta. Due to rich source of fibres, vitamin B2, vitamin C, carotene, niacin, minerals, calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine, and fluorine, fruits are used as vegetable. Bioactive metabolites like phenolics, flavonoids, sterols, terpenoids, and volatile compounds have been reported from all plant parts of L. acutangula. Fruits represent number of promising bioactivities such as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, larvicidal etc. Fruit
extract exhibit strong antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory activities. Similarly, leaves extracts possess appreciable hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activities. Phenolics and flavonoids such as gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillin, catechin, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, pinocembrin, cirsimaritin, sakuranetin, gardenin
B, chrysin, scutellarein, tetramethyl scutellarein, and quercetin have been reported from the plant. Oleanane-type triterpenes (acutoside-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F, and -G) and ribosome inactivating proteins (luffaculin 1 and 2) also isolated from ridge gourd. The current chapter highlights the traditional use, chemical compounds, and potential benefits of ridge gourd.
... Methanolic and aqueous fruit extracts were assessed for anti-malignancy action in Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cellstimulated solid tumor model in mice. Both extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg dose moderated tumor development in mice when compared with normal control [35]. The ethanolic extract of the leaf was evaluated for its in vitro growth inhibitory effect in lung cancer cell lines (NCI-H460). ...
... In the assessment, Swiss pale cleaned individual mice got two parts (200 and 400 mg/kg, oral) of each concentrate close by DLA cells. Improvement of solid tumor in mice was by and large diminished on treatment with the two concentrates (6). In addition, improvement inhibitory effect of ethanolic focus of leaf was inspected on human cell breakdown in the lungs cell line (NCI-H460). ...
Luffa acutangula (Cucurbitaceae), an enduring plant fills primarily in India, Southeast Asia, China, Japan, Egypt, and different pieces of Africa, it is generally utilized in the customary Indian restorative framework to treat different ailments. The plant has been utilized in jaundice, diabetes, hemorrhoids, diarrhea, cerebral pain, ringworm disease, and uncleanliness. In excess of 50 substance compounds have been disengaged from a plant which chiefly includes flavonoids, anthraquinones, proteins, unsaturated fats, sapon in triterpene, unstable parts, and other phytoconstituents. Unrefined concentrate of plant and its secluded mixtures have expansive pharmacological exercises like antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antihyperlipidemic, cell reinforcement, antimicrobial, CNS depressant, pain relieving, and calming. The toxicological assessment in preclinical investigations detailed wellbeing of the plant for human utilization, yet thorough assessment in clinical examinations is required. Notwithstanding, further examination is important for change of involvement based treatment of plant into proof based data. Assessment of pharmacological movement with characteristic biomarkers will assist with uncovering the instrument of activity of compound constituents of plant remove. The information from preclinical investigations suggests clinical assessment of security and viability of the plant. The current paper sums up forward-thinking data about a survey of the customary uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological exercises, and toxicology to feature the future possibilities of the plant.
... Various phytochemical studies have been studied and identified about 50 compounds, viz., flavonoids, anthraquinones, alkaloids, proteins, saponins, triterpene, volatile components, and other phytoconstituents [24][25][26] . The extracts from different parts of the plant demonstrated potent hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticancer, antibacterial, CNS depressant, immunomodulatory and antiulcer activity [27][28][29][30][31] . The number of persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus is aggregating with a rate of three new cases every ten seconds, and it is being diagnosed and treating at an earlier age of the adolescents 13 . ...
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. (Family: Cucurbitaceae) has been used in the folkloric Indian medicinal system to treat numerous health conditions. The fruits of the plant have been used in dysentery, jaundice, diabetes, hemorrhoids, leprosy, and ringworm infection. The present study aimed to establish the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous fruit extracts of Luffa acutangula was investigated in normal, glucose load conditions and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In normal rats, the aqueous extract of the fruit of L. acutangula (50 and 100 mg/kg/p.o.) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the blood glucose levels from 65.2-49.4 and 68-48 mg% 2 h after oral administration of fruit extract and also significantly lowered the blood glucose in STZ diabetic rats from 67-101 and 64-89.2 mg% 21 days after daily oral administration of the extract (P < 0.001). The results suggested that the aqueous fruit extract of L. acutangula has a potential hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats and authenticates the folkloric use of the plant for the management and treatment of diabetes.
... The anti-cancer effects of a methanolic and aqueous extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, oral) of fruit of Luffa acutangula was studied in Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) cell induced solid tumor in mice. The Development of solid tumor in mice was significantly diminished by both extracts (78) . ...
The phytochemical analysis of Luffa acutangula extracts showed that the fruits contained tannin, saponin, anthroquinone, sterols, glycosides, carbohydrates, reducing sugar, flavinoids, phenolic compounds, quinines, lignins, cucurbitacins, oil and triterpenes. Pharmacological studied showed that Luffa acutangula possessed antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anticancer, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hepato-, cardio-, nephro-and gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, immunomodulatory, abortifacient, anticataleptic and behavioral changing effects. The current review discussed the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Luffa acutangula.
... Antioxidant activity [23,24] Methanolic and aqueous extracts of L. acutangula [25] Ethanolic seed extract of L. acutangula [26] 7 ...
Luffa acutangula L. (Common name: Ridge gourd, Family: Cucurbitaceae) is a popular vegetable in India and other Asian countries. It is a healthy food and contains good amount of fiber, vitamins and minerals including Vitamin B2, Vitamin C, carotene, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, iron and small quantities of iodine and fluorine. It is reported to contain many phytochemicals such as flavonoids, saponins, luffangulin, sapogenin, oleanolic acid and Cucurbitacin B. L. acutangula has been used extensively in Indian traditional system of medicines as diuretic, expectorant, laxative, purgative, hypoglycemic agent and bitter tonic. The ethnobotanical survey revealed its use to protect jaundice, insect bites, swollen hemorrhoids, dysentery and headache. Various biological activities of this plant were reported including its use in weight loss, jaundice, blood purification, hypoglycemia, constipation, skin care, immune system booster, wound healing, eye problems, stomach worms and asthma. The present review work focused on its distribution, botanical characters, ethnobotanical uses, folklore claims, nutritional value, phytochemical constituents, medicinal properties and biological properties of L. acutangula.
Luffa acutangula (Cucurbitaceae), is a vegetable consumed in many parts of India. This perennial plant is also native to southeast Asia and is used in various health conditions; Diabetes, jaundice, and hemorrhoids to name a few. The isolated chemical constituents from the plant majorly include flavonoids, fatty acids, proteins, anthraquinones, and saponins. Furthermore; crude extract and isolated constituents also reported different pharmacological activities such as hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antiulcer, antihyperlipidemic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, CNS depressant, and antimicrobial action. The above evidence along with preclinical toxicological studies shows that human consumption of this plant is safe; however, clinical studies are essential for the transformation of experience-centered knowledge into evidence-based treatment. Further, a plant biomarker study required to evaluate the above pharmacological activities may unveil the mechanism of action of some of its active constituents.
Justicia is the largest genus of Acanthaceae family, with approximately 600 species and a few species have been chemically and biologically studied. Studies in this genus showed that lignans are the major components of these species, and also exhibits antitumor activity Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antitumor activity of Justicia nilgherrensis (Nees) Wall. ex C. B. Clarke leaves in various in vitro and in vivo methods. Methods: J. nilgherrensis leaves were extracted and fractionated. The cytotoxicity and cell viability of the fractions were investigated by Brine shrimp lethality bioassay, Trypan blue dye exclusion assay and Sulforhodamine B assay. Oral toxicity studies were performed as per OECD 423. The in vivo antitumor activity of Justicia nilgherrensis was evaluated on DLA induced solid tumor model in Swiss albino mice. Parameters like tumor weight, tumor volume, body weight, hematology and histopathology were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests. Results and conclusion: Petro-ether fraction of J. nilgherrensis showed cytotoxic nature with least LC50 value in BSLB assay and IC50 value in SRB assay. PFJn fraction exhibited maximum inhibition in cell viability assay. The fraction didn't show any sign of toxicity in mice on acute toxicity study. Standard and test groups shown a significant decrease in tumor volume (x P<0.001) when compared to positive control group. Hematological and histopathological analysis further confirmed the activity.
Justicia is the largest genus of Acanthaceae family, with approximately 600 species and a few species have been chemically and biologically studied. Studies in this genus showed that lignans are the major components of these species, and also exhibits antitumor activity Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antitumor activity of Justicia nilgherrensis (Nees) Wall. ex C. B. Clarke leaves in various in vitro and in vivo methods. Methods: J. nilgherrensis leaves were extracted and fractionated. The cytotoxicity and cell viability of the fractions were investigated by Brine shrimp lethality bioassay, Trypan blue dye exclusion assay and Sulforhodamine B assay. Oral toxicity studies were performed as per OECD 423. The in vivo antitumor activity of Justicia nilgherrensis was evaluated on DLA induced solid tumor model in Swiss albino mice. Parameters like tumor weight, tumor volume, body weight, hematology and histopathology were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests. Results and conclusion: Petro-ether fraction of J. nilgherrensis showed cytotoxic nature with least LC50 value in BSLB assay and IC50 value in SRB assay. PFJn fraction exhibited maximum inhibition in cell viability assay. The fraction didn't show any sign of toxicity in mice on acute toxicity study. Standard and test groups shown a significant decrease in tumor volume (x P<0.001) when compared to positive control group. Hematological and histopathological analysis further confirmed the activity.
Justicia is the largest genus of Acanthaceae family, with approximately 600 species and a few species have been chemically and biologically studied. Studies in this genus showed that lignans are the major components of these species, and also exhibits antitumor activity Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antitumor activity of Justicia nilgherrensis (Nees) Wall. ex C. B. Clarke leaves in various in vitro and in vivo methods. Methods: J. nilgherrensis leaves were extracted and fractionated. The cytotoxicity and cell viability of the fractions were investigated by Brine shrimp lethality bioassay, Trypan blue dye exclusion assay and Sulforhodamine B assay. Oral toxicity studies were performed as per OECD 423. The in vivo antitumor activity of Justicia nilgherrensis was evaluated on DLA induced solid tumor model in Swiss albino mice. Parameters like tumor weight, tumor volume, body weight, hematology and histopathology were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests. Results and conclusion: Petro-ether fraction of J. nilgherrensis showed cytotoxic nature with least LC50 value in BSLB assay and IC50 value in SRB assay. PFJn fraction exhibited maximum inhibition in cell viability assay. The fraction didn't show any sign of toxicity in mice on acute toxicity study. Standard and test groups shown a significant decrease in tumor volume (x P<0.001) when compared to positive control group. Hematological and histopathological analysis further confirmed the activity.
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