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The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research
... Shane and Venkataraman's (2000) seminal work reshaped the landscape of entrepreneurship research by introducing the concept of entrepreneurial opportunities. Their groundbreaking article sparked a wave of scholarly interest that spawned a wealth of literature and propelled entrepreneurship research forward. ...
... While the importance of entrepreneurship to societal welfare is undisputed, the development of entrepreneurship into a legitimate and separate research field has long been questioned (Busenitz et al. 2014;De Carolis and Saparito 2006;Ireland et al. 2005;Venkataraman 2019). Entrepreneurship is in an incredibly broad and highly fragmented research field that has long been criticized as having breadth but little depth (Busenitz et al. 2014;Shane and Venkataraman 2000;Singh 2001;Zahra and Dess 2001). Entrepreneurship research was alleged to only reproduce concepts already existing in other research areas, such as in strategic management, and to be a 'hodgepodge' of research without any conceptual framework (Ireland et al. 2005;Shane and Venkataraman 2000;Singh 2001;Zahra and Dess 2001). ...
... Entrepreneurship is in an incredibly broad and highly fragmented research field that has long been criticized as having breadth but little depth (Busenitz et al. 2014;Shane and Venkataraman 2000;Singh 2001;Zahra and Dess 2001). Entrepreneurship research was alleged to only reproduce concepts already existing in other research areas, such as in strategic management, and to be a 'hodgepodge' of research without any conceptual framework (Ireland et al. 2005;Shane and Venkataraman 2000;Singh 2001;Zahra and Dess 2001). ...
Shane and Venkataraman's (2000) seminal work reshaped the landscape of entre-preneurship research by introducing the concept of entrepreneurial opportunities. Their groundbreaking article sparked a wave of scholarly interest that spawned a wealth of literature and propelled entrepreneurship research forward. However, over time, a large number of studies have been published, delving into various facets and sometimes detached determinants of the concept of entrepreneurial opportunities. Now, more than two decades after the pivotal contribution of Shane and Venkata-raman (2000), it is imperative to reflect on the breadth of accumulated knowledge and identify overlooked areas within the field of entrepreneurial opportunities. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive examination of entrepreneurial opportunities and their associated underlying processes. Using a systematic literature review, we highlight key findings from previous studies and identify research gaps that provide promising directions that future research needs to address in order to further enhance this field of research.
... In an efficient market, trading prices reflect all available information (Tandelilin, 2010). According to Shane and Venkataraman's (2000) according to the theory of "opportunity recognition", access to market information is an important factor in how individuals perceive entrepreneurial opportunities. Autio et al (2000) suggests that good access to business networks can have a positive impact on an individual entrepreneur's perception, as it can facilitate the business development process. ...
... According to human capital theory, entrepreneurs may choose a more efficient approach if they have sufficient knowledge and experience in the relevant domain (Caliendo & Kritikos, 2008). In effectuation theory, Shane and Venkataraman's (2000) state that an individual's knowledge, skills and experience, which make up human capital, play an important role in shaping entrepreneurial perceptions. Prior experience, skills and knowledge can help individuals to identify opportunities and develop innovative solutions. ...
... Based on the above description, the following hypothesis is formulated: Factors that assess the maturity of the ecosystem are known to include the presence of technological talent generated by high quality educational institutions or access to educational services (Barger & Labrecque, 2013). Based on the opportunity recognition theory proposed by Shane and Venkataraman (2000), individual perceptions of business opportunities are strongly influenced by education and prior experience. A high level of education can help individuals recognize entrepreneurial opportunities. ...
Research aims: This research aims to determine the impact of entrepreneurial ecosystems on entrepreneurial perceptions and entrepreneurial success.Design/Methodology/Approach: The sample in this research was 118 bamboo handicraft MSMEs (Micro, Small Medium Enterprise) in Sleman Regency Yogyakarta, selected using the cluster random sampling method with data data analysis using SEM-PLS.Research findings: The results of this study showed that entrepreneurial ecosystem variables such as market access, human resources, government regulations, and infrastructure had a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial success and entrepreneurial perceptions. However, education and training, as well as culture, do not Significantly influence.Theoretical Contribution/Originality: MSME performance is an important way to measure the success of MSMEs. A strong entrepreneurial ecosystem and positive perceptions of entrepreneurs are expected to improve MSME performance.Practitioners/Policy Implications: This research is expected to be a reference and consideration for SMEs and the government to strengthen entrepreneurial ecosystem factorso that it will have an impact on entrepreneurial perceptions and improve SME performance.Research Limitations/Implications: There are several limitations to this study that need to be considered for future research. First, the focus is only on certain industries, so caution is needed in generalizing the results to these industries. Second there were challenges in data collection due to unclear addresses and the closure of some MSMEs.
... Ardichvili et al. (2003) state that opportunity recognition is identifying new business opportunities in an existing context. Research by Shane (2000) emphasizes that this ability to recognize opportunities is central to the entrepreneurial process. However, not all individuals have the same ability to see these opportunities. ...
... better at recognizing opportunities tend to be faster and more precise in utilizing available resources and networks. Research by Shane (2000) also emphasizes that opportunity recognition is at the core of the entrepreneurial process and is important in forming entrepreneurial intention. In line with the regression results in this study, the research by Baron (2006) found that individuals who are better at recognizing opportunities tend to have stronger intentions to start a business, especially when they also have social support supporting entrepreneurship. ...
... This moderation result highlights the importance of social norms as a key factor in strengthening the relationship between Opportunity Recognition and Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intentions. As described by Shane (2000) in their model of entrepreneurship, a social environment that supports entrepreneurship can accelerate an individual's decisionmaking process to start a business. When an individual can recognize opportunities and obtain a strong entrepreneurship education, the influence of these two variables on entrepreneurial intention becomes stronger when there is support from the social environment. ...
This research examines the influence of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention, with social norms as a moderating variable. Using multiple regression analysis (MRA), the study investigates the direct impact of both opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention and the moderating role of social norms in these relationships. The results show that both opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education significantly positively affect entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, the interaction between opportunity recognition and social norms and between entrepreneurship education and social norms are also significant, indicating that social norms strengthen the effects of these two variables on entrepreneurial intention. These findings support the hypothesis that social norms moderate the relationship between opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education with entrepreneurial intention. This study contributes to the existing literature by reinforcing the importance of external social factors in enhancing entrepreneurial intentions. It underscores the need for institutions and policymakers to focus on fostering entrepreneurship education and recognizing entrepreneurial opportunities while considering the role of social context. The results align with previous studies, confirming the relevance of these factors in shaping entrepreneurial behavior and intention.
... Girişimci, potansiyeli olan kaynakların yeni bir kombinasyonunu yaratan bir inovatördür. Girişimcilik ekonomik kalkınmanın (Schumpeter, 1934), yeni iş yaratmanın ve sürdürülebilir istihdamın (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000) zorlayıcı bir gücü olarak kabul edilir (Arrak, Kaasa & Varblane, 2020;Allison, Chell & Hayes, 2000;Botsaris&Vamvaka, 2012). Çoğu kültürde girişimcinin kazanç ya da getiri beklentisi, bireyin başarı hissinin bir sonucu veya daha yüksek statünün bir getirisi olarak görülür. ...
... Bu durum girişimcilik niyetinin seviyesi ile de ilgilidir. Girişimci niyeti, girişimcinin riski üstlenerek mal ya da hizmet üretebilmek için girdileri bir araya getirmede bireysel isteğini ifade eder (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000). Bu anlamda girişimci davranış ve tutumunu etkileyen unsurlara açılım getirirken girişimci niyetine ayrıca değinilmesi gerekir. ...
... Girişimcilik sürecinin ilk aşaması yeni bir işin başlangıcı için bireysel isteği harekete geçiren girişimcilik niyetidir (entrepreneurial intentions (EIs)) ve bu yeni bir işe başlangıç niyeti olarak tanımlanır. Girişimcilik davranışını anlamada, girişimcilik niyetinin bileşenleri yaşamsal öneme sahiptir (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000). İlk deneyim (Bird, 1988), girişimcilik eğitimi (Fayolle and Gailly, 2015;Karimi et al., 2016), risk alma eğilimi, öz yeterlilik (Hao et al., 2005), çevre desteği (Luthje and Franke, 2003), algılanan işin cazibesi ve esneklik (Guerrero et al., 2008) kavramları girişimcilik niyetinin öncülleridir (Arshad, Farooq, Sultana & Farooq, 2016). ...
ZET Girişimci en basit şekliyle kar elde etmek amacıyla girdileri bir araya getirip mal ve hizmet üretirken riski üstelenen kişidir. Bu tanımı sadece hammadde, mal, hizmet ve risk ile ilişkilendirmek, doğrusal bir düzende yeterli gibi görünebilir. Ancak bu tanım özellikle 2000'li yıllarda yeni normalin doğasında olan ve kaostan beslenen doğrusal olmayan ekosistemlerde yeterli değildir. Artık değişken dinamik ekosistemlerde girişimciliği "yeni bir fikri, iş modeline dönüştüren ve riski üstlenen kişi" olarak tanımlamak daha doğrudur. Yeni normal düzende küreselleşme, teknolojik gelişmeler, enfomasyon teknolojilerindeki ilerlemeler ve dijitalleşme, girişimcileri küresel bir oyuncu olarak rakipleriyle, tedarikçileriyle ve diğer paydaşlarıyla birlikte büyük bir sistemin parçası haline getirmiştir. Girişimciler iş modellerinde, üretim süreçlerinde ve tüm uygulamalarında hammaddeyi, enerjiyi ve bilgiyi bir araya getirirken üstlendikleri risk ve motivasyon kaynakları dönemin koşullarından etkilenir. Girişimciler ülke ekonomilerinin gelişiminde ve teknolojik ilerlemede önemli bir rol üstlenmektedir. Dolayısıyla zamana ve koşullara paralel olarak ülkelere göre girişimcilerin davranış ve tutumları küresel ölçekte önemli bir araştırma konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada ise küresel ölçekte yıllara göre çok sayıda ülkedeki girişimcilerin davranışlarını ve tutumlarını endekste bir araya getiren Global Entrepreneurial Monitor (GEM)'ün 2006 ve 2018 yılları arasındaki Türkiye verileri incelenecektir. GEM'deki ilgili dönemlerdeki Türkiye'nin girişimci davranış ve tutumlarındaki değişimlerin, karar verme yöntemlerinden olan Ağırlıklandırılmış Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) ile TOPSİS-Çoklu Karar Verme (TOPSIS Multicriteria Decision Making Method) yöntemlerinden yararlanarak bir değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Türkiye için tespit edilen en ideal döneme ait girişimci davranış ve tutumlarına ilişkin veriler, ulusal ve ulus ötesi gelişmeler ile de ilişkilendirilecektir. Çalışma konusu olan girişimci davranış ve tutumları ile ilgili kurgulanan kavramsal ve metodolojik yaklaşımın, ilgili alandaki olası çalışmalara fikir vermesi açısından katkı getireceği düşünülmektedir. ABSTRACT 196 isarc 1.ULUSLARARASI SOSYAL BİLİMLER VE İNOVASYON KONGRESİ 09-10 OCAK 2021 ANKARA
... 2.1.2. Entrepreneurship Shane and Venkataraman (2000) have provided one well-known and cited definition of entrepreneurship: "the scholarly examination of how, by whom and with what effects opportunities to create future goods and services are discovered, evaluated and exploited (p. 218)". ...
... For instance, Kirzner's entrepreneurial discovery theory stresses the role of the entrepreneur the identification or market inefficiencies and acting on them to drive the market to equilibrium, hence pointing out the microeconomic aspect of price discovery and individual actions (Mishra and Zachary 2015). Similarly, Shane's theory of entrepreneurship delves into the microeconomic processes of opportunity discovery, evaluation, and exploitation, explaining how individual entrepreneurs create new goods and services that are often driven by cognitive factors and environmental conditions (Shane and Venkataraman 2000). This theoretical approach strongly points out the role of personal motivation and cognitive ability in entrepreneurship and therefore goes well with the microeconomic perspectives that focus on individual behavior and decisionmaking dynamics. ...
This paper examines how political conflict shapes entrepreneurial activities, with a particular focus on Occupied Palestinian Territories. It focuses on the resilience and adaptability of entrepreneurs in conflict zones and the dual role of entrepreneurship in potentially exacerbating or alleviating conflicts. This paper adopts an integrative literature review with a structured approach. It combines elements of both systematic and integrative reviews to survey and synthesize the management and entrepreneurship literature to assess the impact of political conflict on entrepreneurial activity and vice versa, necessity versus opportunity entrepreneurship, and the role of entrepreneurship in peacebuilding. The findings reveal that while entrepreneurship can be a powerful engine for growth and innovation, its role in conflict settings is complex and requires careful consideration of the sociopolitical context. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for supporting entrepreneurship in conflict-affected regions and suggests directions for future research to inform practices and contribute to sustainable peace and economic development.
... Richard Cantillón (1959), fue el primero en realizar un acercamiento conceptual, enfatizándolo como el sujeto que toma riesgos en condiciones de incertidumbre, asumiendo entonces dos actores económicos prioritarios, los "productores" referidos a los individuos que perciben una renta fija y los "emprendedores" que reciben ganancias de forma variable. De la misma forma, Rodríguez (2009) y Urbano y Toledano (2012), proponen que el emprendimiento esta correlacionado con el descubrimiento de oportunidades rentables, en el mismo sentido, Shane y Venkataraman (2000) declaran que un emprendedor es aquel sujeto que percibe, evalua y se beneficia de las condiciones que le generan réditos, asumiendo riesgos, fortalezas, oportunidades y necesidades insatisfechas de un entorno. ...
Luego de más de medio siglo de conflicto armado en Colombia, el proceso de paz concluye en un cese de los actos de guerra en el país, más, sin embargo, lo que sigue son los procesos de apoyo y reparación a las víctimas, en esa medida es una necesidad hacer útil al capital humano generado por el postconflicto. Por lo antes expuesto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer el perfil emprendedor que poseen las victimas del postconflicto en la provincia de Sugamuxi en el departamento de Boyacá. Desde el ámbito metodológico, la investigación se basa fundamentalmente en el enfoque cuantitativo, mediante el uso de la encuesta, dirigida a víctimas del postconflicto residentes en la región, y aplicando dicho instrumento a 116 unidades muestrales. Como resultado se evidencio que la gran mayoría de las victimas corresponden al género femenino, con una marcada tendencia por emprendimientos de corte comercial de servicios con apoyo gubernamental y un modelo de equidad de género en la contratación a fin de cumplir plenamente con los pactos de colaboración en el marco del acuerdo de paz.
... rimer bimestre de cada año (Toca, 2010), el cumplimiento del valor porcentual de empleados en estado de discapacidad vinculados a la entidad a través del Sistema de Información y Gestión del Empleo Público -SIGEP. Aunque la Ley de inclusión laboral para personas con discapacidad es un compromiso de parte del gobierno y de las empresas colombianas, (Shane, Scott. y Venkataraman, 2000). es claro que existen una serie de talanqueras mentales y de índole ideológico que impiden potenciar plenamente el mercado laboral de los discapacitados, tan es así, que las labores a las cuales se ven inmersos corresponden a labores de supervisión, parqueaderos de zonas azules y actividades de guianza en establecimientos comerciales, d ...
El presente artículo realiza un valioso recuento epistemológico de la temática relacionada con los temas de discapacidad e inclusión laboral, pues actualmente e ingreso al mundo laboral representa una oportunidad invaluable, dado que no solo constituye un aporte económico a la familia y a la sociedad sino la posibilidad de desempeñarse en cargos u ocupaciones de su interés. Por tanto, es conveniente estudiar la evolución de la inclusión laboral, así como las barreras y ventajas a las que se enfrentan las empresas con la integración de esta población, en este mismo sentido, no es un secreto que en algunas entidades y regiones se discrimina a la gente por algún tipo de limitación ya sea esta física o psicológica, es, por tanto, que el presente paper pretende identificar los factores claves que caracterizan el fenómeno de la inclusión laboral. Para obtener el precitado objetivo del artículo, se utilizó la revisión bibliográfica, a través de documentos y bases académicas, encontrándose como conclusión relevante que existen sesgos de inclusión laboral para aquellas personas que poseen algún tipo de discapacidad, muy a pesar de las leyes que hoy objetan dicha conducta en Colombia.
... The core concept of entrepreneurship is integrally tied to the entrepreneurial theory developed by Francis scientists like Richard Cantillon, who asserted that entrepreneurship is the process of starting a business to produce a good and then selling it for a profit at an ambiguous price level (Hoque et al., 2014). Another viewpoint defines an entrepreneur as someone who creates a new company while engaged in entrepreneurial activity to benefit from commercial opportunities (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000). ...
This article explores the impact of Mizan principles on the business growth and resilience of women Muslimpreneurs MSMEs in Malaysia. The research aims to uncover how the application of Mizan principles, encompassing al-ubudiyyah (self-service to Allah), al-hurriyah (freedom), al-syura (discussion), and al-musawah (equality), enhances the entrepreneurial capabilities of Malaysian women Muslim business owners, fostering sustainable growth and resilience in the face of challenges and crises. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study conducts in-depth case studies of three successful women Muslimpreneurs in the Malaysian service industry. The findings reveal that the Mizan principles serve as a foundational framework, guiding decision-making and business strategies while maintaining alignment with Islamic values. Al-ubudiyyah instills a sense of purpose and spiritual grounding, bolstering resilience and perseverance. Al-hurriyah and al-musawah foster autonomy and fairness, enabling innovative business opportunities and inclusive work environments. Al-syura promotes discussion, networking, and knowledge-sharing, which are essential for business growth and adaptation. In conclusion, the Mizan principles play a pivotal role in unleashing the potential of women Muslimpreneurs in Malaysia, driving business growth and resilience in harmony with their religious beliefs. The findings have important implications for policymakers, academicians, and business support organizations, emphasizing the need to integrate the Mizan principles into entrepreneurship training programs to cater to the unique needs of Muslimpreneurs and promote inclusive, sustainable economic development in Malaysia.
... Gender and regional contexts further complicate the analysis. For example, in economically underdeveloped areas, social capital may play a more significant role than human capital, whereas the reverse may be true in more developed regions (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000;Qian, 2018). Gender differences also affect the impact of social capital on entrepreneurship, with women's social capital levels being influenced by their levels of human capital (Arregle et al., 2015). ...
Human capital and social capital are crucial in shaping entrepreneurial decisions, yet their combined effects on entrepreneurship entry remain insufficiently explored. This study uses data from the China Household Tracking Survey (2010–2018) to examine how the coupling of human and social capital influences entrepreneurship entry. By defining human-social capital coupling as the interdependence between these two forms of capital, we estimated its nonlinear impact using generalized propensity score matching and analyzed variations across gender and region. The results revealed that human capital-social capital coupling mediated the relationship between these capitals and entrepreneurship entry, following a significant N-shaped trend with identified thresholds. The impact of this coupling was also influenced by gender and regional variations. The study contributes to the literature by introducing a novel perspective on capital coupling, assessing its threshold effects, and highlighting gender and regional disparities. Individuals should understand and use the human capital-social capital coupling to guide their actions; policymakers are encouraged to consider and enhance the coupling between human and social capital in their entrepreneurship support strategies.
... One view of entrepreneurship and revolution is that they are almost synonymous. Shane and Venkataraman (2000) state that the branch of entrepreneurship is defined by the analysis of "how, by whom and with what repercussion and opportunities to manufacture upcoming goods and services are discovered, estimated and utilized." This should recommend that innovation and entrepreneurship are nearly duplicates. ...
Adequate training opportunities that can create effective small entrepreneurs in Bangladesh are a considerable area for investigation. This study aims to examine the necessity of training in the development of entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. A sample of 401 respondents from all over Bangladesh was selected conveniently. SPSS has been used to input data and STTA has been used to analyze collected data for descriptive statistics, Proportion tests, chi-square tests, correlation analysis, ordinal logistic regression analysis, testing hypotheses, and other general analyses. After analyzing the correlation among the factors of training it is found that there is a positive relationship between entrepreneurship training and all several indicators to measure the effectiveness of training on small entrepreneurship. This research recommends that all training organizations ensure adequate training opportunities for the development of small entrepreneurs.
... Girişimcilik alanı için kavramsal bir çerçeve oluşturmanın önündeki belki de en büyük engel tanımı olmuştur. Bugüne kadar çoğu araştırmacı, alanı yalnızca girişimcinin kim olduğu ve ne yaptığı açısından tanımlamıştır (Shane ve Venkataraman, 2000). Girişimcilerin ekonomideki önemi her zaman vurgulanmış, ancak hiçbir zaman girişimcilik üzerine tutarlı ve kapsamlı bir teori geliştirecek kadar ileri gitmemiştir (Grebel, 2004). ...
İşletmeler, üretim faktörlerini bir araya getirerek toplumun mal ve
hizmet ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan ekonomik birimlerdir. İşletmeler, bu ihtiyaçların
karşılanması sürecinde hem istihdam imkânları sağlayarak hem de ekonomik
genişleme ve canlanmaya hizmet ederek ülke ekonomilerine fayda sağlarlar.
Bu açıdan bakıldığında işletme sayılarının artması ekonomi için önem arz
etmektedir. İşletme sayılarının artmasının yanında, hayatta kalması ve başarı
düzeylerinin artması, sundukları sosyal ve ekonomik faydaların devamlılığını
sağlayan diğer önemli hususlardır.
İşletmelerin başarı düzeylerini etkileyen birçok unsur bulunmaktadır. Bu
unsurlar işletmenin kendi iç çevresinden veya kontrol edemediği dış
çevresinden kaynaklanmaktadır. İşletmenin iç çevresinde başarıyı etkileyen
birçok unsur bulunmaktadır. Bu unsurların bir bölümü, işletmeyi kuran veya
devralıp yöneten girişimcinin bireysel olarak sahip olduğu sermaye türleri ile
ilgilidir. Sermaye teorilerinin gelişmeye başladığı erken dönem araştırma
aşamalarında, girişimcilik araştırması sermaye teorilerini benimsemiş ve
girişimcinin bireysel olarak sahip olduğu sermaye türleri ile ilgilenmiştir. Bu
sermaye türlerinin işletmenin başarısındaki rolü üzerine birçok çalışma
yapılmıştır.
İşletme başarısının ve girişimcinin bireysel olarak sahip olduğu sermaye
türlerinin tanımlandığı, yapılmış çalışmaların incelendiği ve ülkemizde işletme
başarılarını arttırmak üzere önerilerin geliştirildiği bu kitap “Girişimci
Sermayesinin Girişim Başarısına Etkisi” isimli doktora tez çalışmasından
türetilmiştir.
... An entrepreneur is a person who establishes and develops enterprises; a female entrepreneur is defined as "a woman who has initiated a business, is actively engaged in its management, owns 50% of the enterprise, and has been operational for one year or more" (Buttner and Moore, 1997). Entrepreneurship is the process by which entrepreneurs establish and expand businesses, focussing on the identification and utilisation of lucrative opportunities (Shane and Venkataraman, 2000). It fosters innovation and technological advancement, thereby contributing to economic growth (Shanea, Lockea, and Collins, 2003). ...
This study has examined the impact of women entrepreneurship on economic growth income. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the impact of women entreprenuership on employment generation, to investigate the impact of women entreprenuership skill and learning on wealth creation, and to ascertain the impact of women social status on community and social development. The study adopted survey design approach, the total population was 450, using Taro Yamene formular the sample size of 212 was derived, however the total number of questionnaires returned was 201 which was used for the analysis. the questionnaire was subjected to supervisor’s corrections so as to achieve face and content validity. The test-retest approach was employed to ascertain the reliability coefficient. The researcher calculated the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, designated as r, which above 0.5, so affirming the instrument's reliability using the statistical program SPSS version 20.0. The non-parametric Chi-Square test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical tools were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The key findings of the study shows that women entrepreneurship has impacted on employment generation. Also, that women entrepreneurship skill and learning has impacted on wealth creation. The study further discovered that women social status has impacted on the community/social development. The report suggests that the government implement measures to promote women as sources or drivers of entrepreneurship to support economic growth. As the majority of women entrepreneurs develop their businesses as micro and small enterprises, often viewing them as family enterprises likely stemming from their motivation to generate income for family sustenance they require marketing, financial, and managerial skills for the effective management of these entrepreneurial operations. Women social status should not be abused as most people even in community might use it to allocate resources unequally thereby introducing inequality and injustice in the distribution of resources especially in our communities.
... Opportunity recognition competence is a key entrepreneurial skill, enabling individuals to identify, evaluate, and capitalize on potential business opportunities. It involves being alert to changes in the market and industry, recognizing emerging trends and unmet needs (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000). Additionally, creative and innovative thinking is crucial for developing innovative solutions to address these opportunities (Otilia, 2019). ...
Purpose: Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) have been known to contribute greatly to the economic wellbeing of the nation through job creation, attraction of foreign direct investments and boosting the gross domestic product (GDP) of the country. Despite these critical roles of MSMEs, there are limited studies that provide comprehensive examination on entrepreneurial competencies and performance in Nigeria's South Western region. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial competencies on the performance of MSMEs in Nigeria with special interest in identifying key entrepreneurial competencies that enhance the performance of MSMEs operating in the South West region of Nigeria. Methodology: The study adopted a cross sectional survey design. Primary data was collected from 265 owners/managers of MSMEs who are registered with Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) in Six South West States of Nigeria. The data were tested using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) version 3.2.9 to ascertain the effects of entrepreneurial competencies (opportunity recognition, technical and relational competencies) on performance of the MSMEs. Findings: The analyses reveal that opportunities recognition, technical, and relational competencies all have significant effect on performance of the MSMEs. Therefore, the scholars concluded that entrepreneurial competencies remain a major booster of MSMEs performance in the region. Thus, the MSMEs should invest in comprehensive training programmes focused on developing opportunity recognition and other competencies among their employees. Practical Implications: The findings highlight the importance of opportunity recognition, technical, and relational competencies in enhancing business performance, providing a clear direction for actionable strategies for MSMEs.
... SMEs often operate with constrained resources, including financial, human, and time-related limitations, which can hinder their ability to engage stakeholders effectively (Shane & Venkataraman, 2020). Limited budgets and staffing may prevent SMEs from dedi cating sufficient resources to stakeholder engagement initiatives, leading to sporadic or superficial efforts that fail to yield meaningful outcomes (Brenes & Mena, 2021). ...
In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices in driving sustainable business growth and long-term value creation. ESG considerations encompass a broad range of factors, including environmental stewardship, social responsibility, and effective corporate governance, which are increasingly being integrated into the strategic decision-making processes of businesses worldwide. The adoption of ESG practices is not only driven by regulatory requirements and stakeholder expectations but also by the recognition of the potential benefits they can offer in terms of risk mitigation, reputation enhancement, and competitive advantage (Jones et al., 2020).
Within the context of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), which form the backbone of many economies, including Malaysia, the adoption of ESG practices presents both opportunities and challenges. SMEs, particularly family-owned enterprises, often face resource constraints, limited access to expertise, and competing priorities, which can pose barriers to the implementation of comprehensive ESG strategies (Rahman et al., 2021). However, as key contributors to economic development and job creation, SMEs have the potential to drive positive social and environmental impact through their business operations (Ahmad et al., 2020).
This thesis seeks to explore the nexus between ESG practices and firm performance, with a specific focus on family-owned SMEs in Malaysia. Family-owned SMEs represent a significant segment of the business landscape in Malaysia, characterized by unique ownership structures, governance dynamics, and decision-making processes. By conducting a comparative study between family-owned SMEs and non-family-owned SMEs, this research aims to uncover the distinctive impact of ESG practices on firm performance within the context of family ownership (Tan & Lee, 2019).
... Entrepreneurship research provides a rich understanding of how and by whom opportunities are discovered, created, and exploited when launching a new product or service or introducing a new business model (Garud, Gehman, & Giuliani, 2014;Lingo, 2020;Sarason, Dean, & Dillard, 2006;Shane & Venkataraman, 2000;Snihur, Reiche, & Quintane, 2017). The most popular way of doing this remains to be a founder or founding team creating a new organization, although the entrepreneurial process starts before and continues well beyond the creation of a new firm. ...
Often entrepreneurship may be more about the strategic creation of an interorganizational network than of an organization. Based on a revelatory case study from a rather traditional industry in a vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem, we argue that once startups replace organization creation by means of network creation they are confronted with a series of tensions that have to be managed in the unfolding process. We analyze how tensions at the beginning of the entrepreneurial journey – being unknown in the field, lacking an elaborated organization, and facing competition – are tackled under these circumstances with relational practices. Our findings enrich the body of research on entrepreneurship and interorganizational networks by unearthing those relational practices that help – across analytical levels and time – to address legitimacy, complexity, and reciprocity challenges.
... In economic and management studies, entrepreneurship is the conjunction of two phenomena: profitable opportunities and the presence of entrepreneurial individuals [26]. These individuals seek to create something new [27], generating value by using existing resources differently [28]. ...
Entrepreneurship has gained significant relevance in contemporary societies due to its role in generating economic and social value, including job creation, new businesses, and technological and social innovations. Scientific interest in entrepreneurship, which dates back to the 17th century, has increased since the 1990s. This field of study has evolved to encompass not only strict business creation but also impactful social initiatives. This article explores the intersection of academic and social entrepreneurship, examining factors to understand impactful initiatives through the seminal ideas presented by Joseph Schumpeter. The text offers insights and recommendations for advancing the transdisciplinary study of academic social entrepreneurship starting from an Economic Sociology perspective.
... For individuals who view uncertainty as an opportunity, entrepreneurship becomes an effective way to address challenges and seize opportunities. However, technological change often entails high risks and uncertainty, requiring individuals to have strong intentions and motivation to pursue entrepreneurship in such challenging environments (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000). Studies show that individuals with entrepreneurial intentions exhibit more consistent and stable reactions and decisions in the face of uncertainty compared to those without such intentions (Zichella, 2020), they are also more resilient to risk and failure (Kou & Chen, 2024). ...
This study examines the influence of STARA awareness on employees' entrepreneurial intentions, focusing on the mediating effects of perceived opportunities and risks. A survey was conducted among frontline employees in AI and intelligent manufacturing companies in China's Pearl River Delta. PLS-SEM was applied to analyze the data. The findings reveal that STARA awareness positively influences perceived opportunities and negatively affects perceived risks, mediating the relationship with entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial alertness moderates the relationship between STARA awareness and perceived opportunities and risks. STARA awareness can stimulate entrepreneurial intentions through the dual pathways of perceived opportunities and risks. Enhancing employees' STARA awareness and entrepreneurial alertness could be strategic for organizations to foster innovation and entrepreneurship amidst technological advancements.
... Certainly, in recent times, there has been extensive academic interest in understanding women's engagement in entrepreneurship, motivations, and barriers (Fleck et al., 2011;Bullough et al., 2021). Indeed, understanding why an individual creates a business has been an enduring research theme in the entrepreneurship field (Shane and Venkataraman, 2000). However, Ahl (2006) states that studies of entrepreneurial motivations, management styles, and performance have often focused on men's entrepreneurial behaviour and success (see Marlow and McAdam, 2013). ...
Entrepreneurial motivations are theorised as informing entrepreneurial behaviours and their scope and direction. Although the literature has identified agency-focused cognitive process, little is still known about women’s entrepreneurial motivations and cultural contexts. To fill this gap, this chapter examines the intersection of entrepreneurial motivations and culture on women’s entrepreneurship in the context of an emerging economy (Poland). To achieve it, this research employed semi-structured interviews to investigate women’s motivational triggers and cultural influences related to the creation of ventures. Our results identify a relationship between culture and motivations to engage in women’s entrepreneurship and show that women share a dissatisfaction perspective within their cultural context thus employing restricted agency when starting a business. Regarding theoretical implications, this study contributes by explaining the interplay of entrepreneurial motivations and culture in ‘doing context’ on women’s entrepreneurship in an emerging economy. This suggests that cultural reasoning for starting a business and cultural context for developing entrepreneurial potential may differ, providing new avenues for expanding generic assumptions on the role of culture in entrepreneurial motivation. Concerning practical implications, the study provides insights about the importance of women entrepreneurs’ cultural context as a central component for economic planning and policy development.
... Already in 2000, Shane and Venkataraman, in one of the most internationally cited works on finance and entrepreneurial ventures, addressed the financial variables of startups. They do not treat it as an isolated aspect but relate it to the ability to identify opportunities for earlier development and to implement more successful strategies (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000). Among the first scientific contributions that focus on financial resources for startups, it is essential to mention the work of Mann andInternational Entrepreneurship andManagement Journal (2025) 21:22 Sanyal (2010). ...
The success of startups is intricately linked to the ecosystem they operate within. It is thus critical to unpack the concept of the startup ecosystem, a task that demands scholarly and professional insight. There is a keen interest in dissecting the dimensions and components of these ecosystems, with a particular focus on those known to be startup-friendly. The motivation for this scrutiny comes from patterns showing that high-performing startups are predominantly clustered in specific global regions—a hardly coincidental phenomenon. This paper aims to explore these thriving ecosystems, drawing parallels to the Italian context, especially that of the south. R.Q.: Can comparing Italian startups with Silicon Valley reveal growth best practices? Utilizing a combination of primary and secondary interviews, this study benchmarks the southern Italian startup ecosystems against the renowned Silicon Valley. Despite Silicon Valley’s occasional tumultuous phases, it maintains its stature as a benchmark of excellence. This comparative analysis seeks to extract best practices results from Silicon Valley, which, despite its challenges, continues to be a significant point of reference for emerging startup environments.
... Applied to the environmental context, market failure encompasses failure to prevent environmentally harmful actions like pollution, overfishing, or clear-cutting. However, following Shane and Venkataraman (2000), these environmentally harmful market failures can be seen as opportunities and have the potential to spark entrepreneurial actions targeting an alleviation of environmentally harmful actions and/or their consequences. Thereby, environmental entrepreneurs fuse the creation of financial value for themselves and their stakeholders with environmentally beneficial activities (Dudin et al. 2019). ...
For the greater part of entrepreneurial history, entrepreneurship’s primary target was commercial, i.e., money generation for the entrepreneur and his or her stakeholders. However, starting in the 1980s, hybrid forms of entrepreneurship fusing the creation of non-financial value with entrepreneurial means have gained traction. Currently, several conceptually different forms, e.g., social, environmental, and community entrepreneurship, exist. Research yields various differences comparing commercial and hybrid entrepreneurship, particularly in the stereotypical perceptions of different entrepreneurs. Notwithstanding notable insights, entrepreneurial stereotype research suffers from three major shortcomings. First, stereotype differences are primarily examined by comparing commercial to hybrid entrepreneurs, neglecting stereotype differences inside hybrid entrepreneurship. Second, the scope of stereotypes investigated (e.g., warmth and competence) remains vague and lacks entrepreneurial specificity. Third, the robustness of entrepreneurial stereotypes under different institutional circumstances, e.g., in economy and culture, is unclear. The current study addresses these three shortcomings. Analyzing two samples from Kenya and Germany (Ntotal = 286) with repeated-measures analyses of co-variance, we find notable stereotype differences (i) inside hybrid entrepreneurs; (ii) regarding warmth, competence, and entrepreneurship-specific success indicators; and (iii) under different institutional circumstances. Despite acknowledgeable limitations, our work extends previous stereotype research by highlighting the necessity for a more fine-grained, specific, and inter-country perspective on entrepreneurial stereotypes.
... On the other hand, "specific human capital" is defined as skills and knowledge relevant to finishing a single task (Seghers, Manigart & Vanacker, 2012). This type of human capital is commonly measured using items such as cognitive ability and past knowledge (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000). Of course, prior experience with TVE, fault tracing, materials, accessories, taking risks, and negotiating contracts could potentially be very helpful in encouraging students to pursue academic and entrepreneurial careers after graduation, providing them with access to basic survival necessities such as food, shelter, and medical care. ...
From a gender view point, this study examines the relationship between the human capital of technical and vocational education students and the fundamental principles of long-term economic growth in Nigeria. The study used a correlational survey research approach. The study was directed by four research questions, and four null hypotheses were developed. The population for the study consisted of all 400 level undergraduate students (N = 286) of technical and vocational education in Federal and State-owned Universities in South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The population was of a manageable size, thus there was no sampling. Data was gathered via a questionnaire. Three research experts- two from Ambrose Alli University in Ekpoma, the Department of Vocational and Technical Education, and one from the Measurement and Evaluation University of Benin in Benin City, Edo State validated the instrument. The instrument's dependability was assessed using Cronbach alpha reliability, and a reliability coefficient of 0.85 was found. In order to address these inquiries, bivariate correlation was utilized. Multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance were used to examine the hypotheses. The results showed that, fundamental values and both general and particular human capital were positively correlated long-term growth. Students in technical and vocational education, whether male and female, encounter nearly the same kinds of human capital overall. Keywords: Technical and vocational education, Differential gender effect, Human capital, Long-term economic growth.
... Entrepreneurs are those who are prepared to take risks in order to develop new products, services, or processes that meet market demand or solve a specific issue. According to Shane and Venkataraman (2000), entrepreneurship is "the scholarly examination of how, by whom, and with what effects opportunities to create future goods and services are discovered, evaluated, and exploited." Entrepreneurship is the process of establishing a new business or commercial venture, typically in an industry or sector of the economy with substantial potential for growth. ...
This study explores the vital role of media in shaping entrepreneurial awareness and proposes a comprehensive media strategy to bridge the gap between rural youth and entrepreneurship opportunities. In recent days, the term 'unemployment' has become increasingly prevalent, particularly among young graduates in the Southern Districts of Tamil Nadu. The lack of employment opportunities in their hometowns has led them to migrate to urban centers like Chennai and Coimbatore. Promoting entrepreneurship awareness and knowledge is crucial for empowering rural youth to establish their ventures. This study aims to formulate a media strategy that enhances awareness and fosters an entrepreneurial mindset. The findings reveal that while rural youth have a basic awareness of entrepreneurship, there is a lack of in-depth knowledge, particularly regarding skill development and funding schemes. The study explores the media accessing patterns of rural youth, with a focus on preferred platforms such as WhatsApp and YouTube. The media strategy developed aims to leverage these platforms to disseminate entrepreneurship-related information. The study concludes by emphasizing the potential of this strategy to improve awareness, empower rural youth, and contribute to the economic growth of their communities.
... To have a thorough understanding of the success elements and challenges that food truck enterprises confront, several theoretical views must be integrated. According to entrepreneurial philosophy, food truck operators seek freedom, financial gain, and personal fulfilment (28,29). The Theory of Planned Behaviour holds that an individual's intention to engage in a behaviour is impacted by their attitudes, subjective standards, and perceived behavioural control (30). ...
This article comprehensively examines the issues faced by food truck entrepreneurs in Tamil Nadu's tier 1 and 2 cities, focusing on legislative, operational, and cultural barriers. The study employs a rigorous quantitative technique, with data collected via standardised questionnaires from a purposeful sample of 220 food truck operators. Significant challenges were found through thorough statistical research, including getting permissions, determining appropriate sites, distinguishing products, managing high starting and maintenance expenses, and engaging customers. The investigation also found that ownership structure and expertise in the food service business were important variables in addressing these difficulties. Experienced operators displayed improved negotiation skills when faced with restrictions such as limited preparation space and regulatory compliance. The study suggests that simple legislation, strong security requirements, and personalised support are critical for increasing the flexibility and growth of food truck businesses. Addressing these obstacles through supporting legislation, infrastructural development, and capacity-building programmes is critical to maximising the potential of Tamil Nadu's food truck business. By fostering an enabling atmosphere, food truck entrepreneurs may continue to contribute to the region's vibrant culinary culture and economic landscape. This study fills a key research vacuum by shedding light on the particular problems encountered by food truck entrepreneurs in Tamil Nadu, adding to the body of knowledge on urban food systems and entrepreneurial resilience.
... Entrepreneurship is an activity that involves the discovery, evaluation and exploitation of opportunities to introduce new goods and services, ways of organizing, markets process and raw material through organizing efforts that previously had not existed (Venkataraman 1997). Entrepreneurship is an important process by which new knowledge is converted into products and services (Shane and Venkataraman, 2000). Evidence shows that when jobs are less, especially youth are generally more likely to be unemployed. ...
Entrepreneurship plays an important role in economic prosperity and social stability in many developed countries. Entrepreneurship has been adopted as a strategy to promote economic activities among young people. There is a growing interest in understanding the various challenges of youth entrepreneurship. The main purpose of this study was to assess the challenges in entrepreneurial growth of young entrepreneurs in Sultanate of Oman. This research was set out to investigate the obstacles that young people encounter when setting-up their businesses; the current obstacles that prevent the expansion of their entrepreneurial ventures; as well as the prospects for youth entrepreneurship development in this community. The study employed a descriptive survey research type and used convenience sampling technique to collect data. A standardized questionnaire was used as an instrument to collect data to establish the perceptions of 52 young Omani entrepreneurs. This paper is significant in that it brings insights on challenges for entrepreneurship in Oman. The importance of stimulating the entrepreneurial spirit, values and attitudes of young people and encouraging innovative business start-ups while fostering a more entrepreneur-friendly culture must be translated in actual and effective policy actions in Oman. We consider that supporting youth entrepreneurship must be an Oman's priority.
This encyclopedia entry explores the concept of entrepreneurial opportunities, tracing its development from Kirznerian intuitions and missteps to contemporary perspectives of opportunity creation. It critically examines key theoretical frameworks—discovery and creation—and explains that the actualization perspective preserves Kirznerian insights free from the subsequent reification of opportunities. This entry also explains how this novel opportunity perspective synthesizes ideas on possibility, uncertainty, creativity, and contextual constraints, thus presenting a refined conceptual foundation. Emerging possibilities for entrepreneurship research, particularly in understanding how technological advancements like artificial intelligence shape entrepreneurial opportunities and processes, are also discussed.
This study explores the factors influencing entrepreneurial intention towards knowledge commercialization among the faculty of a Philippine public university. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, the study investigates the influence of Attitude towards Entrepreneurship (ATE), Subjective Norm (SN), and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) on Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) towards Knowledge Commercialization (KC). The research used structural equation modeling to analyze the relationship between these factors. A total of three hundred twenty-three faculty participated in the survey. Results showed that PBC is the most substantial factor influencing EI, followed by ATE. While SN negatively and significantly influences EI. Additionally, EI significantly and positively influenced KC. The research emphasizes the importance of providing sufficient capacity building for academics and maintaining a positive perspective on entrepreneurship. It also underscores the necessity of establishing a conducive environment to support faculty engaged in their research outcomes to commercialization.
Before designing and implementing solutions to poverty alleviation through entrepreneurship, it is of utmost importance to understand how resource constraints afflicting poor entrepreneurs living in low-income countries affect poor entrepreneurs' thought patterns, behaviors, and daily practices. In this chapter, I dismantle some of the myths surrounding poor entrepreneurs' businesses, detail how poor entrepreneurs' resources differ from those of their richer counterparts, explain different strategies poor entrepreneurs adopt to deal with resource constraints, and conclude with implications for furthering the study of poverty alleviation through entrepreneurship based on a resource -focused approach. The evidence presented in this chapter is drawn from recent interdisciplinary academic discussions as well as personal research and work with entrepreneurs in low-income countries.
Recent research has highlighted the effect of culture on the decisions entrepreneurs make and the behaviours they exhibit. Building on this research stream, we suggest that a comparison of native-born and immigrant entrepreneurs is a rich setting in which to study the effect of culture on entrepreneurship in general and opportunity recognition in particular. Using the qualitative analysis method of matched pairs of seven immigrant and seven native-born entrepreneurs, this exploratory study reveals that immigrant entrepreneurs have a higher tendency to recognize entrepreneurial opportunities through the opportunity discovery process rather than the opportunity creation process.
This research investigates into the intricate dynamics of self-employment by examining the perceptions, behaviors, decision-making approaches, and motivational drivers among self-employed individuals based in Karachi, Pakistan. Through a qualitative investigation, this study explores the multifaceted nature of self-employment, shedding light on how individuals perceive and navigate the challenges and opportunities inherent in entrepreneurial endeavors. By analyzing the daily lives of self-employed individuals, their reactions to various situations, and their relationship with the myriad aspects of self-employment, this research provides valuable insights into the mindset and practices of this unique demographic. Moreover, the study uncovers the motivational drivers that propel individuals to pursue self-employment, elucidating the underlying factors that influence entrepreneurial aspirations and sustain entrepreneurial endeavors. This comprehensive analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of self-employment phenomena and offers implications for policymaking, entrepreneurial education, and support initiatives aimed at fostering self-employment and economic development.
L’imprenditorialità è il fattore chiave che consente alle aziende di essere dinamiche, di favorire il cambiamento strategico (Ireland et al., 2003), di costruire nuove capacità e vantaggi competitivi (Zahra & Hayton, 2008), di migliorare le prestazioni e la crescita dell’azienda (Kuratko et al., 2021) nonché di creare ricchezza economica (Dess et al., 2003) e valore per gli azionisti (Narayanan et al., 2009). Dopo una breve introduzione sul concetto di imprenditorialità, questo studio teorico ha esaminato le teorie sull’imprenditorialità femminile al fine di comprendere meglio l’evoluzione della ricerca in questo campo, esplorare considerazioni sociali ed etiche che motivano le imprenditrici e
identificare le sfide sensibili al genere che esse devono affrontare, “perché le donne affrontano sfide diverse o perché affrontano le stesse situazioni in modo diverso rispetto agli uomini, sebbene conducano la loro attività nello stesso ambiente aziendale” (Akter et al., 2019). L’obiettivo di questo capitolo è stato pertanto quello di riassumere, attraverso una revisione narrativa e tradizionale della letteratura e adottando un approccio interdisciplinare, le diverse principali prospettive manageriali, economiche e sociologiche che hanno caratterizzato la ricerca accademica
sull’imprenditorialità femminile, tracciando un quadro più completo sull’evoluzione del fenomeno, indentificando le questioni emergenti in questo campo di ricerca e offrendo un utile riferimento per ricerche future, teoriche ed empiriche.
Attualmente la sfida è consentire alle donne che fanno impresa di avere successo nei settori emergenti e in crescita, come l’economia verde, l’e-commerce, la digitalizzazione, integrando l’educazione all’imprenditorialità nella loro formazione, dedicando finanziamenti alle imprese femminili e incentivi a favore delle aziende guidate da donne che pongono le pratiche di sostenibilità al centro della loro strategia aziendale, svolgendo servizi
di orientamento e supporto che incoraggiano le imprenditrici ad andare avanti, ad essere attive anche nei settori a predominanza maschile e ad affrontare il divario digitale di genere. Elevare il tasso di imprenditorialità femminile richiede altresì di elevare il tasso di partecipazione delle donne al mercato del lavoro. Occorre pertanto dare pieno sostegno al potenziale imprenditoriale delle donne, da un lato per stimolare la crescita dell’economia e della società e, dall’altro lato, per creare modelli di riferimento in grado di ispirare e motivare le giovani donne che intendono affrontare la
sfida della creazione e della gestione delle proprie imprese.
Entrepreneurship is widely recognized as a vital driver of economic growth, yet its relationship through different stages with broader, non-purely monetary dimensions still needs to be explored. This research seeks to fill this gap by investigating the association between human development and entrepreneurship, recognizing the crucial role of environmental conditions in shaping entrepreneurial activity. Our cross-country Bayesian analysis shows strong evidence that a nation’s level of human development is associated with entrepreneurial activity in three stages: early entrepreneurship, intention for future engagement, and discontinuation of ventures. Our findings expand the intricate relationship between entrepreneurship and economic variables, highlighting the importance of environmental conditions in shaping entrepreneurial behavior. This article emphasizes that promoting robust entrepreneurial ecosystems requires considering integral dimensions such as human development. Policymakers and researchers should broaden their perspectives to encompass these holistic dimensions to create an environment conducive to entrepreneurial growth.
Developing world markets are increasingly open and standardized, aligning agricultural food products with international tastes and requirements for quality, packaging, safety, and social or environmental characteristics. Large companies now dominate sales channels, demanding high performance from their value chains. This shift towards industrialized agricultural systems in developing countries presents challenges for small and medium-sized farmers, who struggle with market access and competitiveness. Traditional standards often fall short, impacting profitability and sustainability. This review explores agritourism as a strategy to bolster agricultural economic development. It highlights challenges faced by agritourism operators, development drivers, and the nature of agritourism activities that enhance agricultural viability. Recommendations include improving workforce quality, ensuring credit availability, managing agritourism development, connecting stakeholders, and minimizing societal impacts through innovation, promoting sustainable agritourism.
In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to explain the interplay between individuals’ risk attitudes and happiness on their intention to become entrepreneurs. Our model illustrates that for risk averse individuals, the greater the level of happiness, the lower their willingness to become entrepreneurs. Conversely, if individuals are risk seekers, the higher their level of happiness, the greater their willingness to become entrepreneurs. We test the model using data from the Bank of Italy’s Survey of Household Income and Wealth (SHIW) and the empirical results confirm the proposition set by our model.
Every society is intrinsically driven to optimize its productivity and operational efficiency. Such endeavors not only elevate a society’s prominence in global markets but also bolster its economic prosperity. Historically, the venture to amplify wealth and ensure its conservation has remained paramount. Groups, or at times entire societies, merged their intellectual prowess and workforce to enhance productivity, transforming their inherent advantages, be it knowledge or natural resources, into marketable goods or services (Smith, 2002). Herein lies the essence of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship, at its core, symbolizes this collective ambition. It’s not just about wealth generation for individuals or shareholders; it encompasses a broader societal aspiration. Furthermore, the transformative role of leadership in this narrative is undeniable (Bass & Stogdill, 1990). Leaders, often being visionaries, are instrumental in fostering a conducive environment for entrepreneurial endeavors, driving innovation, and shaping market dynamics.
Goma, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is an entrepreneurial city. Everyone whether they are financially educated or not, want to do entrepreneurship by engaging in various activities. But it is not every entrepreneur who succeed to grow their small enterprises to successful business. The objective of this paper is to find out whether financial literacy and entrepreneurship are solutions to poverty in Goma City DRC by interviewing a sample of eighty-six entrepreneurs who are registered and operate in Goma City. The purposive and stratified samples were randomly picked from a population of one hundred and ten entrepreneurs where questions in financial literacy, entrepreneurship and poverty alleviation were asked. The methodology used was quantitative and was aimed at depicting the manner in which financial literacy and entrepreneurship affect poverty alleviation. Aspects of qualitative research were also used through observation. The study made use of financial literacy and entrepreneurship scores against the level of poverty solutions per questionnaire. The research used both primary and secondary data but mainly primary data using a self-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed with the aid of SPSS version 16.0, Google Form, Excel and STATA version 15.0 using both descriptive and inferential statistics, econometrics and structural equations modeling. The data collected was then analyzed to establish relationship between financial literacy, entrepreneurship and poverty solutions. From the research findings, all entrepreneurs interviewed were found to have some level of financial literacy and acceptable socioeconomic status and high living standard. In contrast, less successful entrepreneurs exhibited stagnant growth, low level of financial literacy, low socioeconomic status and low living standard and majority of them were found to be in Finance and insurance sector. This study concludes that entrepreneurship is a direct solution to poverty while financial literacy is an indirect solution to poverty in Goma city through entrepreneurship. It further recommends that Government through the Ministry of Entrepreneurship of DR Congo must ensure that entrepreneurs are highly financial literate in order to increase their business rationality and profitability. Furthermore, it suggests that the Government must create the best business climate in order to encourage the entrepreneurship in Goma City.
This research explores the driving pathways for building a high-level rural e-commerce entrepreneurial ecosystem, providing valuable insights for responding to global policies promoting rural entrepreneurship and innovation and accelerating rural industrial development. However, existing studies on the “rural e-commerce entrepreneurial ecosystem” lack in-depth exploration. Based on the CAS (Complex Adaptive System) theory and TOE (Technological, Organizational, and Environmental) framework, we conducted a comprehensive case study across 31 Chinese provinces, focusing on seven key indicators within three dimensions: technology, organization, and environment. Employing the Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method, we examined key factors and driving pathways influencing the establishment of successful rural e-commerce entrepreneurial ecosystems in China. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) The construction of a rural e-commerce entrepreneurial ecosystem is not driven by a single element but is the result of the combined effects of multiple facets and factors. (2) The number of leading agricultural enterprises and the establishment of e-commerce cooperatives are critical factors promoting the high-level construction of rural e-commerce entrepreneurial ecosystems. (3) Typical driving pathways for advancing the construction of rural e-commerce entrepreneurial ecosystems can be categorized into three types: technology-organization-government-driven, organization-environment-driven, and holistic synergy-driven. The research findings are instrumental in guiding the government to formulate systematic policies that support the development of leading agricultural enterprises and e-commerce cooperatives. Additionally, these policies should be tailored to the specific characteristics of different regions to create differentiated driving paths. Implementing these measures can effectively promote rural e-commerce entrepreneurship.
Los artesanos representan una fuente invaluable de emprendimiento que trasciende los límites económicos y alcanza el corazón de la identidad nacional. A pesar de ser agentes activos en la promoción de la cultura, desde su perspectiva como emprendedores, carecen de una plena identificación de sus capacidades emprendedoras, lo que les impide orientarse adecuadamente hacia el mercado. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las capacidades emprendedoras de los artesanos de la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia, mediante la aplicación de un modelo teórico que identifica cuatro dimensiones clave para el emprendimiento: relacionamiento social, realización personal, creatividad y planificación. El enfoque del estudio es cuantitativo, enmarcado en un paradigma positivista y de corte descriptivo, en el que se aplicó un instrumento diseñado por Mavila et al. (2009) en escala de Likert a un total de 80 artesanos, con el fin de evaluar sus capacidades emprendedoras en las cuatro dimensiones citadas anteriormente. De las cuatro capacidades evaluadas, se identificaron la capacidad de realización personal y la capacidad de planificación como las más sobresalientes en esta comunidad de artesanos, lo que sugiere un fuerte potencial para el desarrollo personal y estratégico dentro del emprendimiento. Esta investigación subraya la necesidad de fomentar el desarrollo de capacidades emprendedoras entre los artesanos, ya que esto no solo fortalecería su actividad económica, sino que también contribuiría a la riqueza cultural de la región. La identificación y potenciación de estas capacidades es esencial para que los artesanos puedan enfrentar los desafíos del mercado actual y, a su vez, preservar y promover la identidad cultural de su comunidad.
The study mainly concentrates on entrepreneurial success and decision-making
power and processes in a developing country like India. The study used qualitative
and quantitative methods, adopting semi-structured interviews conducted with
entrepreneurs in Dehradun City, Uttarakhand, India. The findings of the study
were analyzed using SPSS version 23. The study focused on the following aspects:
socio-economic characteristics of the entrepreneurs, problems faced by entrepre�neurs at various levels such as family, financial, gender disparities, and education,
as well as legal challenges encountered by the entrepreneurs. The significance of
the study lies in how entrepreneurs, with the support of Artificial Intelligence, cope
with problem-solving, risk identification, and decision-making processes. The study
emphasizes that AI can play a vital role in improving both the entrepreneurs' lives
and their businesses. This study can contribute to enhancing the future perspectives
of AI and entrepreneurship-related asp
This study investigates innovative funding models for aspiring entrepreneurs, addressing the limitations of traditional financing sources such as bank loans and venture capital. Utilizing a qualitative methodology through comprehensive literature review, the research examines alternative funding mechanisms-crowd funding, angel investment, peer-to-peer lending, and bootstrapping. Findings reveal that crowd funding is effective for early-stage brand building, with an average funding success rate of 36% on platforms like Kickstarter. Angel investments demonstrate significant support for sustainable growth (r = 0.65, p < 0.05), while bootstrapping fosters ownership retention but involves financial risk. Recommendations suggest crowd funding for brand engagement, angel investment for strategic growth, bootstrapping for control, and government grants combined with private investment for balanced funding. These models collectively offer viable paths for entrepreneurs to secure capital and support growth while maintaining operational flexibility.
Motivated by the desire to generate social transformation, Larissa created the Match & Matters platform to connect agents focused on businesses with a positive socio-environmental impact, aiming to align profit with socio-environmental benefits. Despite the support of senior management at Deloitte, the company where she worked and where she decided to become an intrapreneur, and despite M&M’s potential to integrate business areas, Larissa faced challenges regarding the profitability of the platform compared to the business models already consolidated in the organization. However, she felt anxious about the platform’s future within the company and about how to demonstrate its business potential in an organization with already established niches. Thus, the dilemma was how to maximize the platform’s opportunities and overcome challenges to maintain its viability, balancing positive impact and open innovation within a traditional corporate environment. This teaching case presents Larissa’s journey, highlighting the concepts of: entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship to achieve professional goals; open innovation to create effective solutions; and Sustainability to promote positive transformations, considering the economic, social, and environmental aspects within an innovative business model.
Keywords:
intrapreneurship; entrepreneurship; social impact business; open innovation
Motivated by the desire to generate social transformation, Larissa created the Match & Matters platform to connect agents focused on businesses with a positive socio-environmental impact, aiming to align profit with socio-environmental benefits. Despite the support of senior management at Deloitte, the company where she worked and where she decided to become an intrapreneur, and despite M&M’s potential to integrate business areas, Larissa faced challenges regarding the profitability of the platform compared to the business models already consolidated in the organization. However, she felt anxious about the platform’s future within the company and about how to demonstrate its business potential in an organization with already established niches. Thus, the dilemma was how to maximize the platform’s opportunities and overcome challenges to maintain its viability, balancing positive impact and open innovation within a traditional corporate environment. This teaching case presents Larissa’s journey, highlighting the concepts of: entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship to achieve professional goals; open innovation to create effective solutions; and Sustainability to promote positive transformations, considering the economic, social, and environmental aspects within an innovative business model.
Keywords:
intrapreneurship; entrepreneurship; social impact business; open innovation
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