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Trends in transportation and logistics
Abstract
Problems in transportation and logistics had to be tackled long before computers and Operational Research (OR) became available to support decision making. After the first optimization models were developed, OR has substantially contributed in making transportation systems efficient and companies with complex transportation and logistics problems competitive. Over the years, technology has evolved and the same has done OR. In this paper, the history of problems and OR contributions in transportation and logistics will be shortly reviewed together with the evolution of technology. Then, the future trends in this area will be discussed together with potential OR contributions.
... In other words, they exist for a short time. However, it takes tens of seconds for the microbubbles to disappear in the water after rupture, and in some cases several minutes [10]. Figure 1 shows a graph showing the change of bubbles of various diameters in the water (2) Generate free radical ions. ...
In recent years, fresh fruits and vegetables have been sought after by Chinese people. The fresh-keeping technology, storage, and transportation of fruits and vegetables have also attracted a large number of people’s attention. Various methods of preservation, storage, and transportation of fruits and vegetables have begun to appear in the society. Micro and nanobubbles have the characteristics of long stay time, larger than the surface, high surface negative electricity, strong reliability, high efficiency of heat transfer, can cause oxygen free radicals, can greatly improve the actual effect of ozone and ozone utilization rate, and reduce the operation cost. This article aims to study the application of ozone micro-nano bubble processing vegetable fresh-keeping technology in air logistics and transportation, and put forward the idea of applying ozone micro-nano bubble processing fresh-keeping technology to fruits and vegetables fresh-keeping and transportation more widely. This article focuses on the introduction of ozone micro-nano bubbles, fresh-keeping technology, air transportation, and experiments on some fresh-keeping technologies in the article. The experimental results show that the vegetable preservation technology based on ozone micro-nano bubbles can better maintain the moisture and nutrients in the vegetables. The preservation technology of ozone micro-nano bubble treatment has improved the preservation of fruits and vegetables by 12%.
... To be specific, transportation can organically connect the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods. Transportation plays a crucial role in promoting the rational flow of production factors, such as talents, [2] capital, information [3], and resources [4], and in fostering social and economic growth. Small cars have become more and more popular and have taken over as the general public's mode of transportation, particularly in the twenty-first century. ...
With the rapid growth of urbanization and motorization in China in recent years, the demand for transportation in people’s work and daily lives has increased. In this context, a number of issues such as urban traffic congestion, energy consumption, and environmental pollution have become increasingly severe. As a result, the tremendous socioeconomic, resource, and environmental pressures have been placed on the development of urban transportation. Sustainable economic and social development requires green development as a precondition. The economical and efficient use of resources and the protection and improvement of the ecological environment are conducive to the formation of a new pattern of modernization for the harmonious development of man and nature. Transportation planning is an essential technical field for promoting the development of green and ecological cities, and it is one of the primary responsibilities of urban planning. The application of green ecological planning technology and the scientific and reasonable development of traffic planning and management measures can aid in reducing energy consumption and, thus, achieving the goal of environmental protection. In this field, green transportation is a mature green ecological planning technology. Green transportation development is not only a key solution to urban transportation problems, but also an essential means of achieving sustainable urban development, so it has become a hot topic in the field of transportation. As the ideal city of the postindustrial era, ecocity can serve as a model for the sustainable development of China’s small and medium-sized cities. After all, industrial development is an unsustainable path, so human society must embrace green development. The core of green development lies in shifting from an exclusive reliance on industrialization to the urban transformation into an ecological civilization. Given the current contradictions between economic growth and resource and environmental degradation, promoting green and environmentally conscious transportation planning with resource conservation in mind is a crucial means of resolving these contradictions. Government incentives and restrictions are essential for the development of green transportation. Therefore, it is crucial to study the impact of environmentally conscious transportation planning and management measures on the economic growth of small and medium-sized cities. This will provide relevant departments and stakeholders with guidance and a reference for formulating policies that will contribute to the harmonious development of China’s green transportation and economy.
... erefore, more stringent requirements are put forward for the quality and the safety of products [9]. To improve the operational efficiency of the railroad transport industry, reduce costs and enhance service quality, and achieve industrial upgrading, the active development of modern logistics services is the way to go, and the use of computer technology to realize the informationization of logistics is one of the important means [10]. On the one hand, the rapid development of computers promotes the continuous development of optimization methods, on the other hand, it also makes the engineering optimization problems become larger and larger, and the nature of the optimization objective function becomes more and more complex [11]. ...
The problem of joint optimization of inventory and transportation in agricultural logistics and distribution is a typical logistics problem, but agricultural logistics and distribution also have their own characteristics, such as uneven distribution of outlets, complex road conditions, very many outlets, a single order with few goods but high frequency of ordering, centralized distribution, and unified channels. To promote the sustainable development of the economy, it is necessary to save energy and reduce emissions, and eventually enter a new era of “low consumption, low pollution, and low emissions.” Modern logistics vehicle-scheduling process is complex and changeable, and the existing mathematical methods are not perfect in solving this problem, lacking scientific theory as a guide. The joint optimization problem introduces the inventory change factor on the basis of periodic vehicle path optimization and optimizes the inventory decision and path planning in an integrated manner. As a system to support the logistics industry, the visualized logistics information system is capable of video viewing and querying logistics information. In order to reduce gas emissions and save costs, it is necessary to optimize the transportation link, and the focus of optimization is the route optimization of distribution vehicles. Ant colony algorithm (ACA) is an emerging search and optimization technique, which emerged from the research of ACA. In this study, we study the joint optimization and visualization of inventory transportation in agricultural logistics based on ACA. In addition, the experimental results show that the inventory cost/total cost of improved ACA is 0.006 when the unit mileage transportation cost is 10, and the IBM ILOG CPLEX is 0.031, which is reduced by 0.0025, that is to say, in the case of high inventory cost per unit product, the use of improved ACA can lead to a significant reduction in inventory costs. Therefore, it can realize the whole process of control, traceability, and dynamic optimization to ensure the timeliness of emergency finished food security and provide real-time information for decision-making in command as well.
... As the logistics industry is expanding globally due to the deployment of industrial 4.0 [2] technologies such as big data, cloud IoT, and Blockchain, the use of IoT-sensing devices keeps transforming logistics operations into smart operations with improvements in the real-time tracking of goods, digitalized data collection, and so on ( [3]). But these IoT-enabled devices have privacy and security flaws [4] as they are prone to cyberattacks due to their centralized database storage system. ...
As the global logistics business expands as a result of the industrial 4.0 revolution, logistics operations continue to evolve as new technologies such as IoT, cloud, and big data are deployed. These IoT devices improve the logistics function by boosting real-time product tracking, improved data collection, smart storage of logistics data, etc. Some of these new technologies present an avenue for cyberattacks on these logistics systems due to their centralized database structure. Logistics operations entail the exchange of private consumer information (name, address, phone number, and bank account information) as well as product information amongst logistics stakeholders (manufacturers, suppliers, transporters, and customers). And the engagement of so many logistics stakeholders creates privacy and security issues for the private information because customer information, as well as product details, are transferred and shared across different logistical stakeholders during the logistics process. It faces unwanted access, which could lead to fraud or the creation of counterfeit products by a bad actor in the system. All of these challenges are significant because logistics data integrity is important for customer satisfaction. The deployment of Blockchain innovation will address these challenges with the application of its special feature such as immutability, efficient cryptography, and distributed decentralized storage system. In this paper, we highlighted the technology that enables smart logistics and reviewed smart logistics, Blockchain, and IoT in logistics; we present the significance of integrating Blockchain and IoT in logistics. We proposed a Blockchain-based IoT-enabled system framework for secure and efficient logistics management where logistics data can be captured with the use of IoT sensors, and we also designed and describe the sequence diagram for secured communication between the logistics stakeholder through a smart contract. In conclusion, Blockchain can provide security to logistics data and enhance operational efficiency with its key features.
... ese technologies can be used to determine environments and locations and recognize the suitable routes amid obstacles and signage [1,2]. AVs are supposed to minimize vehicle accidents, enhance the ow of tra c and movability, reduce the utilization of fuel, be free from driving, and facilitate business operation and transportation [3][4][5][6]. Despite the massive potential advantages, there are many unsolved safety, security, legal and regulatory, social, own functionalities such as (i) Level 0: the individual operator is in-charge of all operating activities (No Automation), (ii) Level 1: the vehicle is controlled by a human driver, but the automation system assists in operating (Assistance to Drivers such as Tesla AutoPilot) [17], (iii) Level 2: the vehicle used automated features but the control and environment of the driving process require human intervention (Partially Automated Driving such as Tesla AutoPilot) [17], (iv) Level 3: the human driver should be ready to take control of the vehicle at any moment (Automated Conditional Driving), (v) Level 4: under some conditions, the automation system can drive the car automatically, but the human operator will still be able to control it (high-level automation of driving such as Waymo driverless cars [18]), and (vi) Level 5: under all the conditions, the automation system can drive the car automatically, but the human operator will be able to control it (fully automation Waymo driverless cars [18]). ...
... ese technologies can be used to determine environments and locations and recognize the suitable routes amid obstacles and signage [1,2]. AVs are supposed to minimize vehicle accidents, enhance the flow of traffic and movability, reduce the utilization of fuel, be free from driving, and facilitate business operation and transportation [3][4][5][6]. Despite the massive potential advantages, there are many unsolved safety, security, legal and regulatory, social, own functionalities such as (i) Level 0: the individual operator is in-charge of all operating activities (No Automation), (ii) Level 1: the vehicle is controlled by a human driver, but the automation system assists in operating (Assistance to Drivers such as Tesla AutoPilot) [17], (iii) Level 2: the vehicle used automated features but the control and environment of the driving process require human intervention (Partially Automated Driving such as Tesla AutoPilot) [17], (iv) Level 3: the human driver should be ready to take control of the vehicle at any moment (Automated Conditional Driving), (v) Level 4: under some conditions, the automation system can drive the car automatically, but the human operator will still be able to control it (high-level automation of driving such as Waymo driverless cars [18]), and (vi) Level 5: under all the conditions, the automation system can drive the car automatically, but the human operator will be able to control it (fully automation Waymo driverless cars [18]). ...
Intelligent Automation (IA) in automobiles combines robotic process automation and artificial intelligence, allowing digital transformation in autonomous vehicles. IA can completely replace humans with automation with better safety and intelligent movement of vehicles. This work surveys those recent methodologies and their comparative analysis, which use artificial intelligence, machine learning, and IoT in autonomous vehicles. With the shift from manual to automation, there is a need to understand risk mitigation technologies. Thus, this work surveys the safety standards and challenges associated with autonomous vehicles in context of object detection, cybersecurity, and V2X privacy. Additionally, the conceptual autonomous technology risks and benefits are listed to study the consideration of artificial intelligence as an essential factor in handling futuristic vehicles. Researchers and organizations are innovating efficient tools and frameworks for autonomous vehicles. In this survey, in-depth analysis of design techniques of intelligent tools and frameworks for AI and IoT-based autonomous vehicles was conducted. Furthermore, autonomous electric vehicle functionality is also covered with its applications. The real-life applications of autonomous truck, bus, car, shuttle, helicopter, rover, and underground vehicles in various countries and organizations are elaborated. Furthermore, the applications of autonomous vehicles in the supply chain management and manufacturing industry are included in this survey. The advancements in autonomous vehicles technology using machine learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, statistical techniques, and IoT are presented with comparative analysis. The important future directions are offered in order to indicate areas of potential study that may be carried out in order to enhance autonomous cars in the future.
In order to realize the goals of Industry 5.0 (I5.0), which has data interoperability as one of its core principles, the future research in the Supply Chain (SC) visibility has to be aligned with socially, economically and environmentally sustainable objectives. Within the purview of circular economy, this paper indicates various aspects and implications of data sharing in the SCs in light of the published research. Taking into consideration the heterogeneity of data sources and standards, this article also catalog all the major data-sharing technologies being employed in sharing data digitally across the SCs.
Drawing on the published research from 2015 to 2021, following the PRISMA framework, this paper presents the state of research in the field of data sharing in SCs in terms of their standardization, optimization, simulation, automation, security and more notably sustainability. Using the co-occurrence metric, bibliometric analysis has been conducted such that the collected research is categorized under various keyword clusters and regional themes. This article brings together two major themes in reviewing the research in the field. Firstly, the bibliometric analysis of the published articles makes manifest the contours of the current state of research and the future possibilities in the field. Secondly, in synthesizing the research on the foundations of sustainability within the CRoss Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) framework, this article deals with the various aspects and implications of information sharing in the SCs. By bringing these two themes together, this paper affords a prospective researcher with the research vis-à-vis the information sharing in SC, starting from the actual data standards in use to the modality and consequence of their application within the perspective of the circular economy. This article, in essence, indicates how all the aspects of data sharing in SCs may be brought together in service of the theme of I5.0.
Stationary parcel lockers have established as useful delivery options, especially for those households where nobody is at home during typical parcel delivery times. However, having to move toward a locker, maybe after a tiring workday, can be inconvenient for customers. Mobile parcel lockers, especially when driving autonomously, can be positioned closer to the customers and thus seem as a logical next evolutionary step to reduce customer inconvenience. Until autonomous driving is finally realized, however, mobile parcel lockers depend on human-driven vehicles to reposition them, and this paper compares optional locker–vehicle–driver setups. In the most restrictive case, a parcel locker is fixedly mounted onto a vehicle and equipped with a dedicated driver. But a human driver can also be in charge of multiple lockers, so that the driver must travel, e.g., via public transport, between different lockers in order to reposition them. There are also first concepts without a fixed coupling of lockers that are only loaded onto their vehicles. Hence, a vehicle equipped with an automated handling mechanism can subsequently reposition multiple mobile locker modules between different parking positions. Based on the assumption that a given set of customers is to be serviced with a predefined service level, this paper provides a flexible heuristic multi-stage optimization approach that minimizes the total costs associated with each of these concepts. This algorithm is applied in a benchmark study to compare the alternative mobile parcel locker concepts, and our results reveal substantial differences among them. For instance, we show that mobile locker modules are very effective to provide better customer service (i.e., smaller walking distances and longer parking durations) at low cost
This project is the result of a volunteer program that took place in the Republic Guinea-Bissau (RGB) at the Paediatric Hospital. The Paediatric Hospital was working with the same technologic skills as Portugal in the 70’s years. There was no wired network between departments, no informatic system and all work was handmade. The physicians received incomplete clinical reports and, sometimes, with gross errors. There was no triage neither outpatient short list during the medical urgency period. The outpatients needed to wait for long time to get the analytical report and most time without meal or single bread. On the Clinical Analysis Laboratory, the biologic sample identification and the manual data report were lower changes to be credible and there was no final checklist. This paper describes the improvements made by the authors in the hospital logistical processes and in the development and implementation of an information system that was started in March 2018. These improvements were developed based on lean manufacturing principles, on methods and best practices for some referenced case studies fromAmerica, Saudi Arabia, Italy and England. As a result, the hospital reduced outpatient waiting time, improved Hospital, Laboratory and outpatient outcomes, increased confidence work for physicians and laboratory technics
Teacher resistance, teacher accommodation, and teacher conformism informed instructional strategies that Mr. Jenkins used to prevent suspension. Mr. Jenkins’s instructional strategies were impacted by his resistance to dominant PBS ideology, accommodation of system constraints related to classroom disruptions and PBS, and conformism to the dominant ideology of teaching and learning culinary arts.
Since the mid-2000s, electric vehicles have gained popularity in several countries even though their market share is still relatively low. However, most gains have been made in the area of passenger vehicles and most technical and scientific studies have been devoted to this case. By contrast, the potential of electric vehicular technology for goods distribution has received less attention. The issues related to the use of electric vehicles for goods distribution reveal a wide range of relevant research problems. The aims of this survey paper are to provide transportation researchers an overview of the technological and marketing background needed to conduct research in this area, to present a survey of the existing research in this field, and to offer perspectives for future research.
We propose a proactive route guidance approach that integrates a system perspective:
eliminating congestion, and a user perspective: minimizing distance traveled.
The approach assigns paths to users so as to minimize congestion while not
increasing their distance traveled too much. By limiting the set of paths considered
for an origin-destination pair to those that have a relative difference in length
with respect to the shortest path, the path’s so-called travel inconvenience, that
is below a given threshold, a maximum level of inconvenience is ensured and a
certain level of fairness is maintained. The approach hierarchically minimizes the
maximum arc utilization and the weighted average travel inconvenience. Minimizing
the maximum arc utilization, the ratio of the number of vehicles traversing an
arc and its capacity (the maximum number of vehicles that can traverse the arc
under free-flow conditions), is a system-oriented objective, while minimizing the
weighted average travel inconvenience, which averages the travel inconvenience of
all eligible paths weighted by the number of vehicles that traverse the path, is a
user-oriented objective. An important feature of the approach is that it only solves
linear programming models. In an extensive computational study, we analyze, for
different levels of maximum allowed travel inconvenience and for different network
infrastructures, the weighted average travel inconvenience. We find that accepting
relatively small levels of travel inconvenience can result in a considerable reduction,
or even elimination, of congestion.
This paper introduces an innovative transportation concept called Flexible Mobility on Demand (FMOD), which provides personalized services to passengers. FMOD is a demand responsive system in which a list of travel options is provided in real-time to each passenger request. The system provides passengers with flexibility to choose from a menu that is
optimized in an assortment optimization framework. For operators, there is flexibility in terms of vehicle allocation to di erent service types: taxi, shared-taxi and mini-bus. The allocation of the available fleet to these three services is carried out dynamically and based on demand and supply so that vehicles can change roles during the day. The FMOD system is built based on a choice model and consumer surplus is taken into account in order to
improve the passenger satisfaction. Furthermore, pro fits of the operators are expected to increase since the system adapts to changing demand patterns. In this paper, we introduce the concept of FMOD and present preliminary simulation results that quantify the added value of this system.
Research on dynamic and stochastic vehicle routing problems received increasing interest in the last decade. It considers a novel problem class, aiming at an appropriate handling of dynamic events combined with the incorporation of stochastic information about possible future events. This survey summarises the recent literature in this area. Besides, the classification according to the available stochastic information, a new classification based on the point in time where substantial computational effort for determining decisions or decision policies arises, is introduced. Furthermore, the difference in solution quality is analysed between approaches which consider either purely dynamic or stochastic problems compared to those which consider both, stochastic and dynamic aspects. A graphical representation demonstrates the strength of the reviewed approaches incorporating dynamic and stochastic information. The survey also gives an overview on the intensity of research for the different problem classes and its benefit in recent years. Finally, guidelines and promising directions for further research are presented.
Many problems arising in supply chain management call for the integration of different components of the production-distribution system to optimize a common objective. A more traditional decomposition approach of the system in parts leads to a management strategy that may be far from being optimal for the global system. In this paper we focus on the analysis of inventory and distribution management and look at the two problems separately and in an integrated fashion to quantify the benefits of the integrated approach.
We consider a deterministic setting where a supplier delivers goods to customers over a given planning period. Before the advent of the supply chain management concept, customers usually applied a $(s,S)$
policy for the inventory management. The supplier then, on the basis of the distribution schedule determined by the customers, organized the distribution routes. In an integrated approach, the supplier has access to the inventory levels at the customers and knowledge of their demand process. On the basis of this information the supplier organizes a complete distribution plan, determining the days of visit, the quantities to deliver and the distribution routes. This integrated policy goes under the name of Vendor Managed
Inventory policy.
We solve the optimization problems arising in the traditional and integrated management, and analyse the two approaches, comparing the costs and characteristics of the different solutions.