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Buck, C. D. Introduction to the study of the greek dialects
... complex nature of correlating synchronic and diachronic data with influences from other dialects, we are faced with difficulties relating to the development and behavior of the Greek language over the centuries. The first dialectologists drew up a list of linguistic features that characterize the different dialectal varieties of Ancient Greece (cf. Buck 1910). The fact that so many local dialects which were geographically so much distant from each other shared these features ought to demonstrate that all of them derive from the same linguistic common ancestor (→ Proto-Greek and Common Greek). This view of the facts, however , has changed substantially in recent years. The existence of a sin ...
Like every spoken language, Ancient Greek presents several dialectal varieties from the beginning of its history. The Greek dialects are defined as such because they all share a series of exclusive linguistic features that make them clearly different from each other. One of the most ancient isoglosses that enables us to divide the Greek dialects into two clearly distinct groups is already attested in the Mycenaean tablets (14th-13th c. BCE) (Mycenaean Script and Language). This innovation occurs in forms such as e-ko-si /(h)ekhonsi/ (Att. ékhousi ‘they have’) and involves the change of the final syllable -ti into -si (Assibilation). Although this feature is characteristic of the dialects known as East Greek (Southeast Greek), it is not present in the dialects grouped under the term (North-)West (NW) Greek (Northwest Greek), in which -ti is in fact preserved (ékhonti). The Doric dialects belong to this latter group of West Greek.
RESUMEN En este estudio, se examinan las modificaciones que produce la elisión en la estructura prosódica del griego antiguo. Se prueba que la elisión no solo provoca el desplazamiento del acento en los oxítonos, sino que da lugar a la redistribución sistemática de los rasgos métricos superficiales del vocabulario. Tal redistribución altera tanto la magnitud (número de sílabas), como la clase (tipo según la posición del acento) y el valor prosódico (ortotonesis) de las palabras. Palabras clave: griego antiguo, elisión, acento, estructura métrica. ABSTRACT This study focuses on the modifications caused by elision in Ancient Greek prosodic structure. It is shown that elision not only changes the position of accent in oxytones. More accurately, elision carries out the systematic redistribution of the words surface metrical features. Such redistribution changes word size (number of syllables), as well as class (type according to tone position) and prosodic value (orthotonesis).
Este trabalho de IC, em processo há cerca de 16 meses, está vinculado ao projeto de pesquisa “Obras escritas na língua grega da Antiguidade, em suas relações com a modernidade” (Linha de Pesquisa: Estudos Interdisciplinares da Antiguidade Clássica do PPG em Letras Clássicas da Faculdade de Letras da UFRJ). OBJETIVO GERAL DA PESQUISA: Relacionar de forma estruturada a palavra theós com seus parentes dialetais do mundo grego, com a família indo-europeia de línguas, bem como com outras línguas de fora dessa família, através de relações que se estabeleceram no entorno desse mundo balcânico mediterrânico, bem como afro-asiático.
The poetry of Sappho is analysed via the method of cognitive poetics developed by Reuben Tsur. The analysis discovers fundamental levels of meanings and understandings of Sappho's works that have not hitherto been available to earlier students and practitioners of literary criticism, since the theory holds that poetry exploits cognitive processes which were originally evolved for non-aesthetic purposes and which so evolved under an aesthetic motivation. The paper illustrates and explicates the analytical rigour and the power of discovery delivered by the method.
The article considers an ancient Greek graffito found in 2006 during the excavations of the Bos- poran city of Nymphaion. The graffito consists of ordinal numerals denoting a sequence of days from the first to the fifth, and acrophonic numeric signs. The inscription manner of writing allows us to date it to the 3rd century BC. It is estimated that the graffito is a household note related to one of events that were conducted in the Nymphaion theatre.
Les archeologues britanniques R. Hope Simpson et J.-F. Lazenby ont sans doute raison d'identifier la ville eleenne de Myrsinos, d'Il., II, 616, avec la forteresse, mycenienne et post-mycenienne, du Kastro tis Kalogrias, au cap Araxos. Les elements — historiques, traditionnels, onomastiques — qui confortent cette interpretation engagent a penser qu'a une haute epoque, les Epeens, ancetres des Eleens historiques, possedaient l'Achaie occidentale. Ici l'archeologie prend le relais, et laisse percevoir un ample mouvement des Epeens, de l'Etolie a la vallee de l'Alphee, au cours des epoques H.R. III C, sub-mycenienne, protogeometrique et geometrique.
This paper argues that in Idyll 4 Theocritus interacts with epinician poetry and embeds at lines 32-37 a bucolic epinician in honor of Aegon, the boukolos who decided to compete in the Olympic Games. Furthermore, it demonstrates that Corydon and Battus allude to epinician conventions in their evaluation of Aegon's character.
Should one wish to learn more about the cultural identity of Cypriot society during the Early Iron Age, he/ she would discover that almost all current textbooks on Cypriot history and archaeology supply us with the very same story: the island had been "colonised" and subsequently hellenised towards the end of the Late Bronze Age by numerous immigrants from the Aegean. The newcomers' presence is substantiated by artifacts, tombs and architectural features of Aegean type as well as the introduction of the Greek language. Further support and inspiration for this hypothesis comes from various mythological traditions, according to which the historical Cypriot kingdoms were founded by Greek heroes that arrived at the island after the Trojan War. Despite the scepticism, which is being expressed by many archaeologists during the last decades on the basis of the many problems and inconsistencies inherent in it, the Hellenisation hypothesis remains quite popular among scholars and, consequently, the general public. In an attempt to elucidate this phenomenon, one should investigate both the course of Cypriot archaeology's advancement from the 19th century until the present day and the socio-political developments during the same period. This is particularly so, as the promotion of self-determination and the development of a national identity has been of outmost importance for Modern Cypriots as a result of the successive occupations and invasions that the island has suffered during the past nine centuries. Furthermore, the foreign scholars dominating Cypriot archaeology, at least during its initial phases, while introducing new theories and methods, carried their own academic and/ or political agendas. In this respect, Cyprus constitutes an excellent case-study of nationalism and politics interacting with archaeological practice. The present paper aims at illuminating the interconnection between archaeological and socio-political development by means of reconstructing the course of the gradual formation and modification of the Hellenisation narrative from its first appearance during the 1840s until today. Special references will be made to the contributions of the19th century historians, the first antiquarians to excavate on the island, John L. Myres, the members of the Swedish Cyprus Expedition and Arne Furumark, Porphyrios Dikaios and the French excavators of Enkomi, the prolific Vassos Karageorghis, Susan Sherratt, Maria Iacovou and others.
Ionic-Attic zeta undeniably represents the reflex of ∗[dj], ∗[gj], ∗[j] as well as original ∗[zd]. These two sources fused into a cluster ∗[3d3] that existed by the time the alphabet was introduced. Then there was a divergent evolution into [d:], [dz], and [zd] in different dialects. That zeta did not correspond to [zd] in Attic is demonstrated by the absence of an orthographic variation 〈Z;〉 ∼ 〈ΣΔ〉 in that dialect.
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