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The role of eye characteristics
in facial beauty, likability and attractiveness
Kanako Mitsuhiro, Akiyoshi Kitaoka
(Ritsumeikan University, lt092030@ed.ritsumei.ac.jp)
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
•Eyesplayanimportantroleinfacialevaluation(Cunningham,1986;Oda,2004).
•However,itisunclearwhateyecharacteristicscontributetothiseffect.
•Kirita,Endo,AbeandTakano(1996)suggestedapossibilitythattheratingofbeauty,likabilityandattractivenessshouldbedonebydifferent
strategies.
•Weexaminedrelationsbetweenratingsoffacialbeauty,likability,andattractivenessandeyecharacteristics suchaseyesize,proportion
ofiristowholeeye,andeyeroundness.
•Therewere30studentparticipants(15female,15male).Thereagesrangedfrom18to23years(M=19.43,SD =1.23).
•(1)Participantsrated24facialimagesinbeauty,likabilityandattractiveness ina9‐pointscale (2)andchosethefacialfeaturethatparticipants
thoughtcontributedtotheratingmost.
評 定
← 全く美しくない
非常に美しい →
額
ひたい
・眉・目・鼻・頬・口・あご・輪郭・肌・対称性・バランス・その他
Anexampleofthestimuli.
(1) Ratingina9‐pointscale
1astheleastbeautiful,likableandattractive
9asthemostbeautiful,likableandattractive
(2)Chosethefacialfeaturefromthefollowinglist:
forehead,eyebrows,eyes,nose,cheeks,mouth,chin,
facialoutline,skin,symmetry,balanceandothers.
Measurementsofthecharacteristicsofeyes
•Eyesize
•Proportionofiristowholeeye
•Eyeroundness
•Proportionofeyelidtolengthofface
•Proportionofseparationofpupils towidthofface
•Proportionofseparationof eyes towidthofface
•Angleofeyes
Eyesize Proportionofiristowholeeye Eyeroundness
Heightofeyes(a)/
Widthofeyes(b)
Totalareaoftheeight
triangles
Irissize(πab)/Eyesize
b
a
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
forehead
eyebrows
eyes
nose
cheeks
mouth
chin
facial outline
skin
symmetry
balance
others
Mean Selecting (Maximam 8)
Beauty Likability Attractiveness
Beauty
.35 .66
**
.58
**
.02 -.18 -.06 -.05
Likability
.45
*
.69
**
.59
**
-.08 .13 .12 .16
Attractiveness
.36 .51
*
.51
*
-.02 -.17 -.04 .30
df = 22. ("Eye s ize " df = 21); **:p<.01, *:p<.05
Table 1. Correlations of eye characteristics with mean ratings
Eye size Proportion of
iris
Eye
roundness
Proportion of
eyelid
Separation of
pupils
Separation of
eyes Angle of eyes
Figure1.Meanselectingoffacialfeatures.
ANOVA:3(ratings)×12(facialfeatures)
Eyesweremostfrequentlychosenirrespectiveof
howfaceswererated.
(F(11,253)=18.84,p<.001)
Therewerenosignificantdifferencesinthemean
levelsofbeauty,likabilityandattractiveness.
(F(2,46)=3.06,ns)
Theeyesizewassignificantlycorrelatedonlywithfaciallikability.
Theiris‐to‐eyeproportionandeyeroundnessweresignificantlycorrelated
withfacialbeauty,likability,andattractiveness.
•Itwasconfirmedthateyeswereimportantcluesinfacialevaluationswhereaswefoundthatsomeofthecharacteristicsofeyeswereselectively
relatedwithfacialbeautyandattractiveness,andlikability.
•Faciallikabilitywascorrelatedwithlargeeyesize,whichreflectschildishnessorcuteness.
•Thisresultssuggestthepossibilitythatlikeablefaces,ratherthanbeautifulorattractiveones,areconsideredfamiliarorsafe.
References
Cunningham,M.R.(1986).Measuringthephysicalinphysicalattractiveness: Quasi‐experimentsonthesociobiologyoffemalefacialbeauty.JournalofPersonality and
SocialPsychology,50,925‐935.
Kirita,T.,Endo,M.,Abe,T.&Takano,R.(1996).Theeffectofcosmeticsandfacialexpressiononratingfacialattractiveness:Fromviewpointsofratingdimensionsand
strategies.FRAGRANCEJOURNAL,24(10),91‐100.
Oda,M.(2004).Relationbetweensymmetryandattractivenessofface.THEINSTITUTEOFELECTRONICS,INFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONENGINEERS.104(320), 1‐6.