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Origins of the new public management: An international view from public administration/political science
... Thus, scholars and policymakers have become overwhelmingly oriented toward NPM. For example, among the extensive discussions of the nature of NPM (Barzelay, 2002;Van de Walle &Hammerschmid, 2011), Broucker, de Wit, andLeisyte (2015) systematically identified and divided aspects of HE governance reform inspired by NPM into four broad areas: market-based reforms; budgetary reforms; autonomy, accountability, and performance reforms; and management techniques. According to Barzelay (2002), NPM is based on four assumptions, each of which is different in principle: a contractualist model, a managerialist model, a consumerist model, and a reformist model. ...
... For example, among the extensive discussions of the nature of NPM (Barzelay, 2002;Van de Walle &Hammerschmid, 2011), Broucker, de Wit, andLeisyte (2015) systematically identified and divided aspects of HE governance reform inspired by NPM into four broad areas: market-based reforms; budgetary reforms; autonomy, accountability, and performance reforms; and management techniques. According to Barzelay (2002), NPM is based on four assumptions, each of which is different in principle: a contractualist model, a managerialist model, a consumerist model, and a reformist model. Building on this, scholars have either promoted these aspects of NPM as an approach to organizing HE governance or criticized them (Pollitt, van Thiel, & Homburg, 2007) in addition to evaluating or comparing HE outcomes across nations. ...
New Public Management (NPM)-inspired higher education (HE) governance has become increasingly topical in recent years. However, while existing research provides an overall understanding of relevant changes, it does not offer a complete analysis of complex governance and falls prey to deterministic and relatively narrow ideological impositions. Scholars are overwhelmingly oriented toward governance models or modes and the ideas of efficiency, effectiveness, and competition in NPM. They either promote these aspects as an approach to organizing HE governance or criticize them in addition to evaluating or comparing their outcomes. Therefore, based on a literature review and drawing on Foucauldian ideas of political rationality, this paper proposes a shift from the ideology-based problem-solving paradigm to a renewed approach. By calling for an increased focus on bottom-up initiatives that stem from below while studying NPM-inspired HE governance, this paper recommends conducting a discourse analysis of technical policy papers together with empirical-analytical studies to identify interpretive political ratio-nalities and histories. Overall, the approach proposed in this paper would limit the deterministic mode of policy analysis and lead to more refined ways of understanding HE governance in certain fields, clarifying problematic situations, and effectively estimating future directions.
... This sample closely approximates the demographic makeup of the known general population of the United States, and studies of CCES show that the method yields a sample representative of the national public on a variety of observable characteristics (Ansolabehere & Rivers, 2013). Prior research on market-based reforms examined public opinion data from a single U.S. state (Thompson & Elling, 2000) or from populations from outside the United States (Battaglio, 2009;Battaglio & Legge, 2009;Durant & Legge, 2001, 2002Legge & Rainey, 2003). Although informative, this prior research could be built upon through analyses of a more representative sample of U.S. residents. ...
... The results from this study provide important recommendations for practice. Much of the promotion of PPPs as a delivery model has echoed arguments of new public management (Barzelay, 2002;Hood, 1991;Osborne & Gaebler, 1993), by extolling the potential for increased private involvement through PPPs to reform the work of public administration (Delmon, 2011;Grimsey & Lewis, 2007;Savas, 2000). This logic informs much of the promotion of PPPs, and the communication strategies surrounding marketing campaigns to "sell" the idea of the delivery model to policy makers and the general public. ...
This study examines the factors that influence public attitudes toward public–private partnerships (PPPs) through an analysis of public opinion data collected in 2014. Although previous literature has examined public attitudes toward government contracting and asset privatization, there is little understanding of how the public feels about more collaborative forms of public–private interaction. Counter to previous studies that suggest that support for free enterprise and a disdain for government increases support for private involvement in public services, we find that attitudes toward PPPs are nuanced: Respondents favor them not only when they have positive feelings toward the business sector but also when they also report trust in government. PPPs are thus perceived not as a replacement to public administration, but as a delivery model that demands competence and trust of both public and private partners. The results also explain a previously unstudied relationship between respondent familiarity with PPPs and their attitudes toward them. Counter to expectations, we find that the more familiarity that respondents have with PPPs, the more likely they are to view them favorably. We also identify factors that predict public opinions of PPPs which can inform public outreach and public involvement programs involved with PPPs.
... It is not a coincidence that, at the end of the 1980s, there was an internationalization of New Public Management as a new development strategy for third world countries which was strongly encouraged by official policies from England, New Zealand, Australia, and the United States. and also the World Bank, IMF, UN institutions (more specifically UNDP) and regional development banks which strongly support audit culture in general as the opening gate for realizing deeper capitalistic economies (Barzelay, 2005;Minogue, 2001;Pollitt, 2005) that operate based on values such as "efficiency", "quality", "transparency" and "governance". Thus, in the context of NPM, auditing seems to place itself at the center of the stage, evenwith all the variations in its designation -has become a mandatory program that is forced to implement in developing countries by various international donors like IMF, World Bank, USAID, AUSAID, ADB and others. ...
Auditing is known as technical, but at least for anthropologists it cultural. What they termed audit culture may be manifested in various activities which have a direct impact on social life such as maintenance of their private space. This article qualitatively examines audit culture in Pesantren located in Malang and Blitar. Interview, observation and documentary data collection were used in this study. Data were analized by getting the benefit of the concept of Foucauldian governmentality and discourse analysis. It is found that, the term audit culture is a rather strange in Pesantren circle. Audit is better known in its formality as examinations of financial reports. Pesantrens agree on the importance of instilling audit values a form of accountability since it is in accord to the Islamic teachings. Its implementation, however, must contextual to the Pesantren, including in relation to the availability of supporting human resources and the required technology.
... According to Ritzer's model, human services around the world (Broadbent and Laughlin, 2002) have gradually embraced many of the Fordian features of modern capitalism and private enterprise, specifically: predictability; a focus on efficiency rather than efficacy; extreme standardisation and cost reduction; and, to this end, total control over staff and service users. However, other trends have contributed to this movement as theorised by Ritzer such as, on the one hand, New Public Management (NPM), initiated since 1991 (Barzelay, 2002) and, on the other hand, bureaucracy (Klikauer, 2013). McDonaldisation, NPM (aka Managerialism) and bureaucratisation have conquered the CJS (Salet and Terpstra, 2019) and together, they form an MMB (McDonaldisation, Managerialism and Bureaucracy) ensemble (Herzog-Evans, 2023). ...
French literature pertaining to felony courts has used quantitative-descriptive or sociological critical approaches. It has portrayed an assembly line system where offenders are industrially processed. However, this literature has not documented the consequences this processing has on the interactions between the accused and judicial practitioners. This article attempts to bridge this gap. It analyses the felony hearings which took place during a year in the three chambers of a local court, by using a semi-ethnographic methodology. Data was coded with a legitimacy of justice-procedural justice-therapeutic jurisprudence (LJ-PJ-TJ) analytical grid. In the majority of cases, the interactions with the accused did not meet LJ-PJ-TJ criteria. French felony courts are noisy, summary, and dehumanised. However, there were interesting exceptions to this rule: the collegial chamber was significantly more respectful and dignified than the one-judge chamber; at an individual level, a strong minority of judges meet the majority of the LJ-PJ-TJ criteria.
... Barzelay (2002) considers the existence of four types of the New Public Management: ...
... Відповідно формується принциповий підхід до управління, коли держава відходить від ієрархічної бюрократичної моделі управління, надаючи переваги «новому менеджеризму», який бере на озброєння принципи приватизації, конкуренції, громадського контролю, фінансової незалежності та відповідальності за витрачання коштів, економії ресурсів, маркетизації, постійної комунікації із суспільством, стимулювання громадської активності. Отже, виникає нова модель управління, що суттєво відрізняється від традиційно-бюрократичного підходу [2] (табл. 1). ...
The article discusses ways to increase the effectiveness of public policy in Ukraine based on the best global practice, which is the New Public Management model, which has proven its effectiveness. During the work on the article, theoretical research methods were used to achieve the research goal, which included: analysis of literary primary sources, generalization, synthesis of scientific material, comparative analysis. It has been determined that public policy is a complex process that includes a set of ideas, principles, and tools that create a direct impact on the State and society. Considering the problem of increasing the effectiveness of public policy in Ukraine, the author examines the best global practice, points out that the modern world paradigm of public policy is formed in the context of the New Public Management model. This model is characterized by a radical revision of the traditional place of the State in the life of society, as it prioritizes the approach to the state as an institution whose main function is the provision of socially significant services. With this approach, the State and its bodies become more sensitive and responsive to the needs of society, strive to provide better services and take better care of public goods. For Ukraine, this model of public policy is the most promising, as it provides opportunities to eliminate oligarchic structures from management practices, reduce corruption, and increase the efficiency of public finances.
... In Western countries, their own programs were proposed for reforming the state in its essential dimension, claiming universality and universality of application. We are talking about two managerial concepts -New Public Management and Good Governance -which underlie modern Western administrative reforms and are borrowed by countries, including Ukraine, that are not related to American or European civilization (Barzelay 2002). ...
The author is engaged in a comprehensive, comparative study of the administrative procedure in Ukraine. In our country, there is no mechanism for the functioning of this institution for a number of objective and subjective reasons, which complicates the study. In this regard, the author refers to the doctrinal legislative and historical experience of such countries as the USA and European countries (Germany, France), since these countries have a fundamental and centuries-old history of the process of formation, development and modernization of the administrative procedure at different historical stages. The history creates law. The purpose of the work is to review the evolution of the administrative procedure and identify key historical and political events that triggered the mechanism of the administrative procedure in the above countries. The result of historical and legal research are the doctrinal concepts of scientists, which influenced the further formation and development of the administrative procedure. During the study, the author received unique knowledge that will be helpful not only in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge, but also applying them during the writing a doctoral dissertation, which will be the first research work of this level in Ukraine.
... Organizational restructuring, the use of management instruments, budgetary reforms, participation, customer orientation, quality management, marketization, and privatization became the determining NPM elements (Schedler and Proeller 2005). NPM is about administrative philosophy and the public sector's organizational design (Barzelay 2005). Based on the governmental problems which were diagnosed, efficiency drive, decentralization, the quest for excellence, and a public service orientation were the focus (Ferlie et al. 1996). ...
This chapter discusses the governance perspective of integration service provision for Austria and Sweden during the last decade. In the wake of New Public Management (NPM) inspired politics, responsibility for integration programmes has shifted from the national actors to local actors, and from society to the market and individuals. The findings suggest that NPM governance has increased the complexity and fragmentation of a multi-stakeholder policy environment and made the coordination of related policy areas, i.e., multi-dimensional governance, much more challenging. Regrettably, it is possible to observe ‘decoupling’ processes, leading to a decreasing integration of TCNs as policy implementation become ineffective. Behind the rhetoric of economic efficiency, language teachers and public officials are transformed into consultants and TCNs have become consumers and clients. It is more important to do things right than to do the right things.
... The understanding underlying the new public administration; is seeing the citizens who benefit from/use the goods and services offered by the state as customers and consumers (Barzelay, 2005). In this respect, public institutions and organizations; should pay attention to the production of goods and services in accordance with consumer satisfaction and their demands, the quality of the product produced and the cost it will cause. ...
The new public management idea (NPM), applied in the private sector;
strategic planning and performance-based management, accountability,
transparency, efficiency, and effectiveness have made the idea of applying
features such as efficiency and effectiveness to the public sector (Heinrich, 2012).
This system consists of anti-bureaucratic concepts that are far from centralized,
where there is delegation of authority, projects are presented, contract-based,
corporate development and sensitivity training is given, responsibility is
increased, results are faced and the customer is included (Frederickson, 2016;
Kaboolian, 1998).
In this chapter, first of all, classical management theory and neo-classical
management theory will be discussed. Based on the historical development
processes, the most influential current and management scientists will
be discussed. In the following pages, the development process of the new
public administration, the reasons for its emergence, and its features will be
evaluated.
... For instance, NPM has engaged scholars in such fields as public administration (e.g. Dunleavy and Hood, 1994;Barzelay, 2005), philosophy (Andersson, 1990;Pellegrino, 1999), educational research (Ball, 2001;Englund and Frostensson, 2017) and studies on professions (e.g., Noordegraaf, 2007;Evetts, 2011). Another field, which will be the main interest of this study, stems from research made within the public sector accounting field, and more specifically, studies rooted in the idea of treating accounting as a social and institutional practice (Hopwood, 1978;Burchell et al., 1980;Hopwood, 1993). ...
We know that public organizations today are expected to manage activities on multiple, and somewhat incongruent ideals. Since the development of the New Public Management (NPM) wave, public organizations have been increasingly subject to governance by markets, economic frugality and outputs for the purpose of improving efficiency. At the same time, they are also required to manage their daily work according to the ideals of needs, equity and professional expertise, which have traditionally been foundational to the realization of a welfarian agenda. Together, these requirements make up dual expectations of public organizations as well as the accounting technologies used to manage them: a form of paradoxical management that seeks to measure, evaluate and document both efficiency and welfare. But how do actors realize these plural ideals in practice? And what is the role of accounting in this? These are some of the aspects and problems with control that lie at the very heart of this dissertation.
Based on 41 interviews and 28 observations in a Swedish school context, this dissertation shows how the paradoxical expectations become manifest in the design and use of accounting technologies. On the one hand, it shows how school actors attempt to integrate welfare and NPM in practice by relying on accounting technologies, which results in hybrid outcomes. On the other hand, the dissertation also shows the fragility of such a style of governance, which continuously leads to failures and breakdowns that actors have to readdress as a consequence of attempting to achieve competing ideals by relying on accounting.
By leaning on governmentality as a metatheoretical framework, this dissertation contributes to some new understandings of control in public sector contexts. First, in contrast to the literature on colonization, which suggests that the expansive use of accounting is a direct threat to welfarian ideals, this dissertation shows that accounting can equally serve as a means for welfarian ideals to eclipse NPM. Second, in contrast to the stream of separation that treats the loose or minimal use of accounting as a mechanism for sealing off welfare from NPM-led intrusions, the dissertation shows that even a marginal or loose application of accounting can in fact be conceived as a threat to welfarian ideals. Third, this dissertation also provides additional understanding in relation to the hybridity approach, not only by illuminating how NPM and welfare were brought together through various hybrids, but also by showing how these hybrids were facilitated by accounting technologies, whose functions served to make integration a practically viable outcome amenable to both breakdowns and reintegration. Overall, the dissertation thus contributes to current knowledge on public sector governance in general, and more specifically about the relationships among accounting, NPM, and welfare, in terms of their entanglement, disentanglement, interdependencies, and modes of reproduction in public sector life, a gap also echoed by recent calls in research.
... Despite the use of the NPM model in many reforms, the term still lacks conceptual clarity. It was originally a term used to describe public sector developments in New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the bureaucracy (Barzelay, 2002). The NPM has its theoretical foundations in two schools of thought, namely the theory of public choice and the role of management. ...
The current paper presents some aspects and criticisms from the theoretical literature concerning the New Public Management (NPM). The article also critically examines whether the NPM model is appropriate and the drivers that affected its efficiency and effectiveness in the public sector especially in Greece, during the current pandemic. The research concluded that the process of managerial reform and the specific criteria in order to evaluate NPM’s effectiveness are not completed yet and that there are some key barriers such as the statist perception of citizens and politicians, the corruption of public, the fragmented organizational structures, the resistance to change that hinder the success of change and of NPM’s effective implementation in public sector. However, Covid-19 was a situation that helped many aspects of NPM such as digitalization, digital transformation, e-governance etc. to effectively be introduced and implemented in public governance of Greek organisations.
... Today, the NPM style reforms have been implemented in most of the Western world and beyond. However, setting up what it really means NPM, when translated into discrete policies, it is very difficult (Dunleavy and Hood, 1994;Flynn, 2002;Barzelay, 2002) and has made "hybrid" (Christensen and Laegreid, 2002). ...
Outsourcing is a practice used by different companies to reduce costs by transferring working with outside suppliers rather than performing them internally. Cutting costs are presented as a key benefit in hiring an outsourcing service. Besides to the overall increase efficiency by more rational and efficient allocation of resources, the management of the contract with the external provider allows organizations to adopt more stringent cost control mechanisms, as all components of the relationship with the provider are formalized and systematically evaluated. It also allows the organization to transfer fixed costs to variable costs, reducing the costs related to the acquisition, management, maintenance and updating of equipment, supplies and infrastructure, as well as reduce costs with the management and supervision of teams assigned to non-core activities. The study presented here is an early stage of research to be developed on outsourcing in Portugal and its position in relation to public authorities in other countries. It aims to propose a theoretical model to explain the use of outsourcing in the public sector, as well as a set of variables that may improve understanding of the key determinants of the success of this research. Key words: exploratory research, new public management, public sector, outsourcing, qualitative research.
... Enabling certain market mechanisms to determine resource allocation and enabling citizen-consumers to determine what should constitute the public interest (vis-à-vis their own self-interest) represent the core logics that NPM reforms were designed to usher into German film system management. Of course, the NPM served more as a template than as "a fully established concept" (Barzelay, 2002: 15; see also Boston, 2011;Borins, 2014). ...
... NPM 'is used mainly as a handy shorthand, a summary description of a way of reorganizing public sector bodies to bring their management, reporting, and accounting approaches closer to (a particular perception of ) business methods' (Dunleavy and Hood, 1994: 9). The origins of NPM have been traced primarily to ideological transformations in the United Kingdom, although the North American influence is acknowledged, and links have been established with governance reforms in Australia and New Zealand (Barzelay, 2002;McLaughlin and Osborne, 2002). ...
... The theory of "New Public Management" was spread especially after the beginning of 1980. In the context of New Public Administration was given particular emphasis to objectives (Barzelay, 2002;Stillman, 2010). So the main concern was whether the objectives should be separated, as a concept and as a function of the administration of a public organization from that of a private organization. ...
The current research analyses the performance of municipal sport, tourism and culture organizations in Laconia, Greece. The evaluation of local authorities is a very important issue, especially given the increasing decentralization in the decision-making process and resource management from the Central Government to local governments and the increasing responsibility of the local authorities to provide effective services to taxpayers. Result of this is the increasing need for effective management of sport, tourism and cultural organizations, which requires the evaluation of their performance. In this study, we perform a primary research regarding the financial analysis of two municipal cultural and sport organizations using financial ratio analysis. Also we provide a literature review regarding the conceptual definition, operation and methodologies of the evaluation of local governments and their entities, especially those regarding culture, tourism and sports. In conclusion, the study shows that, regarding the examined entities, while some ratios are positive, in contrast, other indicators are being considered as negative. Examining and taking into account the above positive and negative elements, it can be concluded that, by improving the planning of the regular (operating) income and expenditures, the negative ratios will be converted to positive, resulting in positive overall performance for both examined entities.
... During late 80's and early '90s, many Western countries changed the relationship between states provision and the private sector, the latter being used as a new template for designing public organisations, including those in healthcare (Hood, 1991). The approach, originally named New Public Management (Ferlie, 1999), brought changes to the context of health delivery in several countries (Barzelay, 2002). Similar reforms were implemented in diametrically opposed country' system, aiming at increasing efficiency, and at introducing managed care and managed competition criteria (Toth, 2010). ...
... The emergence of modern public administration means a shift to administrative responsiveness and responsibilities (Vigoda-Gadot, 2004). However, the changing role of public managers in services organisations with the advent of new public management reforms, have challenged untested assumptions in public organisations (Barzelay, 2002). Therefore, this new managerialism has received a substantial amount of organisational research attention towards various directions of organisational commitment (Christensen, Roness, & Røvik, 2008). ...
The commitment of public employees to organisations is an imperative deliberation that affects the efficiency of public services organisations. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the social responsibility among local public administrators raises organisational commitment. This study subsequently explores the moderating role of citizenship behaviour and social bonding (permanent vs temporary employees) of public employees in the relationship between social responsibility and organisational commitment. In this study, empirical data are collected from local officials working in local public administration services organisations in Pakistan (n = 308). The statistical analysis is used to test the relationship between social responsibility and commitment and the moderating effect of citizenship behaviour and social bonding on social responsibility-organisational commitment relationship.
The results show that social responsibility is a determinant to organisational commitment and citizenship behaviour and social bonding moderate the social responsibility-commitment relationship. The effect of social responsibility on organisational commitment is stronger in permanent public administrators having high perspective of organisational citizenship behaviours than in temporary public administrators having low perspective of organisational citizenship behaviours. This study contributes to knowledge of the effect of social responsibility on organisational commitment in local public employees and proves that citizenship behaviour and social bonding affect the social responsibility-commitment relationship in local public administrators.
Bilindiği gibi kamu yönetiminde paradigmatik değişim süreci; devletin yönetim biçimi, kamu hizmetlerinin sunumu ve devlet ile vatandaş arasındaki ilişki gibi unsurlarda önemli değişiklikleri içerir. Geleneksel yönetim anlayışından modern, dinamik ve daha etkili bir yönetim modeline geçişi temsil eder. Paradigmatik değişim, sadece yöntemlerin veya araçların değişmesi değil, aynı zamanda temel varsayımların, değerlerin ve bakış açılarının da değişimini öngörür. Esasında paradigma, bir alandaki temel düşünme ve anlayış biçimidir. Bu tanımdan hareket edildiğinde kamu yönetimindeki paradigmatik değişimin, eski yönetim anlayışının yerini yeni bir yönetim anlayışına bırakması sonucuna ulaşılır. Bu değişimin Post Yeni Kamu Yönetimi reformlarıyla dönüşümü ise daha çok süreçlerin ve yapısal değişikliklerin kamu sektöründe tamamlayıcı bir şekilde gerçekleşmesini belirtir. Hem organizasyonel yapıları hem de uygulamaları kapsayan bir yenilenme sürecini öngörür. Genellikle teknoloji, küreselleşme, demokratikleşme, hesap verebilirlik ve şeffaflık gibi faktörlerle bu yeni süreç dönüşüm mantığıyla yeniden yapılandırılır. Toplumsal, teknolojik ve ekonomik gelişmelerin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan bu süreç; kamu hizmetlerinin daha etkili, verimli ve vatandaş odaklı hale gelmesini amaçlar. Ancak, bu dönüşümün başarılı olabilmesi için kurumsal yapıların, insan kaynaklarının ve yönetim kültürünün de bu dönüşüme uyum sağlaması gerekmektedir. Bu temel tezlerden hareket edilerek hazırlanan çalışmada, kamu yönetiminde Yeni Kamu Yönetimi düşüncesi ile başlayan değişim sürecinin son yıllarda Post Yeni Kamu Yönetimi reformları ile nasıl dönüştüğü sorgulanacaktır.
В статье раскрываются вопросы модернизации системы экономической безопасности для обеспечения достойного качества жизни граждан. Анализируются условия и параметры государственного управления развитием и повышением качества жизни населения в рамках основных теоретических подходов в экономической науке. Доказывается, что современное состояние научной базы описания социально-экономической динамки не позволяет говорить о существовании некоторой единой теории безопасного развития в интересах повышения качества жизни. Система теоретических представлений о закономерностях такого развития в своей эволюции существенно дифференцировалась. Научные взгляды на возможности и способы регулирования государством такого развития также значительно различаются.
The article reveals the issues of modernization of the economic security system to ensure a decent quality of life for citizens. The conditions and parameters of public administration for the development and improvement of the quality of life of the population are analyzed within the framework of the main theoretical approaches in economics. It is proved that the current state of the scientific basis for describing socio-economic dynamics does not allow us to talk about the existence of some unified theory of safe development in the interests of improving the quality of life. The system of theoretical ideas about the laws of such development has significantly differentiated in its evolution. Scientific views on the possibilities and ways of regulating such development by the state also differ significantly.
Medical care is changing, driven both by necessity as well as innovation. The European healthcare sector's digital transformation involves the rapid adoption of advanced technologies such as AI, robotics, autonomous systems, and Big Data. The study "Perception and acceptability of social robots in healthcare: ethnographic research based on a qualitative case study" investigates interaction with and acceptability of social robots in a pilot project based in Maribor Hospital, as a part of the European HosmartAI project. These robots functioned largely to assist patients and as "administrative support" for the nurses and doctors. This study focuses on the interactions of healthcare personnel with robots, including any emotions or fears and barriers that arose. The goal was to understand robot acceptance and challenges from a human-centric and individual perspective, focussing on key stakeholders that both use and develop these robots. All stakeholders are part of HosmartAI Living Labs, which works through collaboration to design and deliver advanced technologies.
The organisational, socio-technical and cultural changes that are affecting the health sector nat-urally also involve the occupational world and the health professions. Among the various changes in the socio-health ecosystem, there are also experiences from a relational point of view, placing the world of the health professions in the so-called affective turn (Leys, 2011). The role of emotions is therefore increasingly decisive, both when they are expressed and when they are latent, to interrogate and analyse the work of health professionals. At the same time, this (positive) emotional turn and the so-called feeling rules could also lead workers (dif-ferentially) to experience a kind of burnout or in other cases forms of cynicism and detach-ment that can be detrimental to both professional identity and patients. The article aims to ana-lyse these aspects through a qualitative investigation conducted within three complex facilities belonging to the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute.
Disaster risk management in local government is structured to ameliorate the effects of disasters through community resilience-building disaster risk reduction measures. There is currently limited research on disaster risk reduction in local government particularly in a township perspective. This research study thus evaluated disaster risk management in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality and focused on disaster risk reduction measures utilised in the low-income townships of the municipality. The study analysed data sourced from secondary data sources and online newspaper articles to provide insight into disaster risk reduction and uncover the disaster preparedness, prevention and mitigation initiatives applied in the low-income townships of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. The study found that low-income townships are exposed to disasters such as floods, drought, storm water pollution and informal settlement fires. The study further found that the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality’s disaster risk reduction approach relies on structural and non-structural mechanisms that are implemented by municipal departments and Municipal Disaster Management Centre to mitigate, prepare for and prevent the effects of hazards. The results revealed that there are inconsistencies in how structural mechanisms are implemented in low-income townships. As a result, low-income townships continue to experience disasters. Furthermore, disaster risk reduction is hampered by the lack of institutional and staff capacities in disaster management institutions as well as the interface issues among political and legislative institutions in the municipality. The study recommends the municipality to stringently apply disaster management legislation that prioritises disaster risk reduction initiatives and programmes. The municipality must also invest its resources to manage its immediate hazards and design disaster risk reduction campaigns that are accessible to low-income townships. This study holds theoretical and practical implications for disaster risk management and disaster risk reduction in the municipality as it offers scholars and disaster risk management stakeholders insights into the disaster risk reduction conditions in low-income townships.
El presente documento trata de caracterizar las vías de modernización de la Administración pública española que deberían seguirse para conseguir una reforma exitosa. Se consideran, sucesivamente, las siguientes áreas: 1) recursos humanos,
2) digitalización de la Administración, 3) colaboración público-privada, 4) transparencia en la gestión pública y 5) mecanismos de control de la gestión pública. No se incluye la evaluación de política públicas, por haber sido objeto de análisis en un informe específico del GTMC (de la Fuente et al., 2021)
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the perceived downward accountability and transparency of two public services-water supply and sewage and local road maintenance-in the Sarajevo Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Design/Methodology/Approach: An opinion survey1 on a sample of 250 respondents and four binomial regressions were conducted to measure the factors that affect the perceived downward accountability and transparency of the two public services.
Findings: The results of binomial logit regressions indicate that in terms of perceived accountability and transparency of water supply and sewage, significant variables include gender, education, and satisfaction with the price the respondents pay for such service. Significant variables for perceived local road maintenance accountability include satisfaction with regular and winter local road maintenance, while for perceived transpar�ency an additional significant variable is education.
The paper studies the management models that emerged in the XX-XXI centuries in society, forms definitions of management activities and analyzes two modern Western models of management: decent management and the principle of new public administration
Uno de los factores que más decisivamente ha contribuido a los cambios en el seno de las Administraciones Públicas en los últimos años es la adopción de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). Durante las décadas de 1970 y 1980 las aplicaciones tecnológicas en el sector público se justificaban atendiendo a su capacidad para incrementar la productividad de los proyectos basada en una reducción de los efectivos humanos y en un aumento del trabajo realizado. Hoy, con la generalización de nuevas tecnologías de comunicación, con Internet y la World Wide Web (WWW), los fines perseguidos por las Administraciones Públicas se orientan hacia el ciudadano y la mejora de la calidad de los servicios públicos.
A pesar de la importancia creciente de las TIC para las Administraciones Públicas existen escasos estudios que den cuenta de las transformaciones en curso. Los investigaciones que se desarrollaron en la década de 1980 y 1990 trataron de aprehender la realidad de las tecnologías, pero asumiendo el escaso bajage conceptual de su incorporación en las organizaciones públicas, esto es, sin considerar cambios profundos más allá de los ahorros de costes, el reforzamiento de las estructuras de poder existentes y las mejoras en la gestión interna. Por otra parte, los politólogos y sociólogos han escrito muchas páginas acerca de las posibilidades de reforma o innovación de la democracia mediante las oportunidades asociadas a Internet, pero los estudios desde la perspectiva de la Administración Pública no han ofrecido todavía una visión clara acerca de las aportaciones de Internet para la gestión del sector público. Todo ello subraya la importancia de esta investigación de carácter empírico dentro del marco de la Ciencia de la Administración en España.
Este libro parte de la realidad compleja en la que interactúan sociedad y tecnología, ya que el objetivo consiste en arrojar luz sobre algunos de los efectos de las TIC e Internet en el seno de las Administraciones Públicas. En concreto, nos hemos centrado en conocer algunos resultados dentro de las Administraciones locales y para ello hemos analizado los Ayuntamientos de la Comunidad de Madrid (CAM). Se han atendido determinadas variables de análisis que consideramos centrales y que nos han permitido realizar unas generalizaciones limitadas por la ausencia de investigaciones empíricas en nuestro país sobre este fenómeno. El cambio conceptual asociado a Internet ha revitalizado el interés sobre el uso e impacto de las TIC en las Administraciones Públicas, dando nombre a lo que se ha venido a llamar como e-Administración.
Teniendo en cuenta ese amplio interés, esta publicación se dirige a una pluralidad de destinatarios. Junto con la rigurosidad académica debida al perfil del equipo de investigacion, también se ha planteado una aproximación a la realidad de la gestión diaria de las Administraciones locales. Este libro tiene, por tanto, un interés potencial para directivos y políticos, empleados de base y especialistas en TIC de las Administraciones locales, así como para investigadores y público en general. Todos tienen entre sus manos un instrumento que invita a la reflexión, orienta la investigación futura, proporciona herramientas útiles para mejorar lo existente y facilitar el cambio o, simplemente, detalla una serie de conclusiones de interés para todo ciudadano.
Los datos de esta investigación se fundamentan en un riguroso trabajo de campo dividido en dos partes fundamentales. Por un lado, un cuestionario sobre recursos y usos TIC en los Ayuntamientos de la CAM. Este cuestionario fue remitido a todos los Ayuntamientos de la CAM con el objetivo de obtener una muestra representativa del conjunto. En ese sentido, los cuestionarios se enviaron directamente a los Alcaldes de los Ayuntamientos, aunque los destinatarios finales eran los responsables de las unidades encargadas de la gestión de las TIC en los Ayuntamientos, en los que existiera este tipo de personal, o aquellas personas más próximas a ese perfil. Los cuestionarios fueron remitidos en dos ocasiones a todos los Ayuntamientos desde el 15 de diciembre de 2002, de manera que el trabajo de campo se cerró el 28 de febrero de 2003, recibiéndose cumplimentados durante ese período un 38% del total de los cuestionarios enviados.
Por otro lado, se realizó una observación directa de todas las páginas web operativas de los Ayuntamientos de la CAM. A pesar de la experiencia disponible dentro de otros proyectos previos, existe una gran complejidad técnica a la hora de realizar este tipo análisis, de manera que durante varios meses se estudió el detalle de las dimensiones de estudio y su concreción en indicadores cuatificables. El trabajo de observación directa se extendió desde noviembre de 2002 hasta febrero de 2003, analizándose un total de 104 páginas web, teniendo en cuenta cerca de un centenar de indicadores en cada una de ellas.
Este libro se divide de la siguiente manera. El Capítulo II presenta de forma general el problema del uso y difusión de las TIC en las Administraciones Públicas (e-Administración) planteando algunas de sus vertientes principales. El Capítulo III analiza los resultados del cuestionario sobre recursos y usos en TIC de los Ayuntamientos de la CAM detallando cuatro bloques de preguntas/respuestas relevantes para la investigación. El Capítulo IV ofrece los resultados de la observación directa de todas las páginas web operativas de los Ayuntamientos de la CAM divididos siguiendo cuatro dimensiones y decenas de indicadores dentro de ellas. El Capítulo V tiene una perspectiva más práctica, ya que ofrece una sistematización de puntos críticos con carácter práctico sobre el desarrollo de la política de e-Administración en las Administraciones locales. Finalmente, tiene especial interés el glosario de términos técnicos que se detalla al final del texto, mientras que la bibliografía recoge una serie de referencias que permiten al lector ampliar determinados puntos de vista sobre algunos de los temas planteados a lo largo de las páginas del libro.
YKY hareketi esas ivmesini 1990’ların başında kazanmıştır. ABD’de bu
hareket Başkan Clinton Yönetimi tarafından uyarlanmıştır. O dönemde
ABD’nin dinamik bir ekonomisi olmasına rağmen ülkede İngiltere’deki gibi
sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalınmıştır. Ülkede YKY uygulamaları “Yeniden
Yapılanma” sloganı altında (Osborne-Gaebler, 1992) Başkan yardımcısı Al
Gore’un “Ulusal Performans Değerlendirme” programı kapsamında şekillenmiş
ve uygulanmıştır. 1990’larda birçok OECD ülkesinde görüldüğü gibi artan ülke
borçları ve OECD’nin gündeme getirdiği dışsal çevresel değişimler (OECD,
1995:21), yetki devirleri, uluslararasılaşma, gündeme, kamu sektöründedeğişimi ve bu kamu sektörünün bu gelişimlere uyması gerektiği hususunu
getirmiştir. OECD, Dünya Bankası ve Uluslararası Para Fonu gibi çok uluslu
yapılanmalar, YKY’nin dünya çapında gelişmesinde ve birçok ülkeye yayılmasında etkili olmuşlardır. YKY hareketi yaygınlaşırken 1990’ların ortalarında
az sayıda Japon bilim adamı tarafından da tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. 1990’ların
sonlarında yaygınlaşan kamu sektörü reformu sürecini ülkede kararlılıkla
sürdüren o dönemin Başbakanı Hashimoto (1/1996-7/1998) yaptıklarıyla YKY
reformlarının Japonya’da uygulanmasına büyük katkı sağlamıştır.
Bu çalışmada YKY’nin ilkelerini, analitik teorilerini ve bunlarla ilgili
eleştirileri de kapsayan konular tartışılıyor. Sonra YKY reformları ile
Japonya’nın tanıştığı ortamın şartları inceleniyor ve bu alanda gündeme gelen
YKY reformları ele alınıyor. Bu makalede ayrıca YKY reformları karşısında
tipik Japon özellikleri de irdelenerek, bu konuda gelecek için öngörülerde
bulunuluyor
Judicial ethical codes have become increasingly important in member states of the European Union as a point of reference for judges and as a means of securing public trust in judiciaries. In the ENCJ’s survey on the independence, accountability, and quality of judicial systems in Europe, sub-indicators were included to measure the existence of judicial ethical codes and relating training and supervision. This survey and the critical scholarly discussion about it provide valuable lessons for further empirical research on the perceptions of judges in EU member states relating to professional-ethical codes and standards. This article explores the most important lessons for this envisaged research. The main methodological considerations which come to the fore are: 1) to clearly delineate the research aims and central terms which are used in the survey; 2) to avoid insularity by including a representative and diverse group of respondents; 3) to validate and contextualise the results through a multi-method approach and critical debates with scholars and stakeholders.
This chapter addresses fictional representations of the humanities within literature in order to establish a vantage point to assess alternative routes for valuation beyond economic narratives. The chapter provides examples of how academic fiction explores the discursive potential of the novel and provokes imaginative responses with which to address contemporary changes. Three literary investigations offered a series of reflections that challenge the myopic narrative of economic value and open up imaginative spaces in which to consider the strengths and limitations of a liberal education. From George Eliot’s Middlemarch and Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure to contemporary fiction in Zadie Smith’s On Beauty and A. S. Byatt’s Possession, the chapter surveys key themes in valuing the humanities through fictional worlds.
This chapter establishes a history of the Payment by Results approach in policymaking, first established in the Revised Code of Education, known as Lowe’s Code (1862), and recently re-introduced in the reforms of the Browne Report (2010). Explaining how educational policy was first economised in England between 1858 and 1888 through explicit government intervention, provides a previously absent history of how economism operates within the very processes of governance. Critical interpretation of the Browne Report reveals its interest in fulfilling a national skills deficit as opposed to the cultivating well-rounded citizens. This chapter also observes how the prioritisation of individualism in higher education raises the potential for liberal values to be reinstated in the direct relationship between the university and individual students.KeywordsEducational reformMatthew ArnoldJames Kay ShuttleworthSkillsNeoliberalismNeoliberal educationLiberal educationValuePayment by ResultsEconomismLowe’s CodeBrowne Review
Browne Report
Student feesStudent choiceLiberal artsEducational policymaking
This chapter reconsiders the two cultures debate. In contrast to the misrepresentative, yet pervasive, perception that the sciences and the humanities are fundamentally in opposition, I propose a more nuanced history of these disciplines. This is achieved through investigating the discourse between the sciences and the humanities through examples of cross-disciplinary debate. Returning to the Snow-Leavis debate reveals how rhetorical intervention can alter public perception and how opposition can be a productive site for articulation. However, analysis of Matthew Arnold and Thomas H. Huxley’s exchange serves as a reminder of the many values that scientists and humanities scholars share. The chapter recognises the significance of both how the humanities are represented and who it is that articulates values within and outside of higher education.
The conclusion summarises the key findings of each chapter and reflects on the future research required in understanding the place of the humanities in higher education, from explorations of student perceptions of value, interrogations of new hybrid subjects such as the medical humanities and the creative industries, to better sharing knowledge concerning global changes to the value of education through engagement with diverse local contexts. The conclusion to ‘Value and the Humanities’ calls upon scholars to engage in articulations of value that reflect their disciplines. In the present moment, with the rise of populist thinking, this book concludes with the acknowledgement of the vital need for the reinvigoration of articulations of value.
Tracing the shift from liberal to neoliberal education from the nineteenth century to the present day, this open access book provides a rich and previously underdeveloped narrative of value in higher education in England. Value and the Humanities draws upon historical, financial, and critical debates concerning educational and cultural policy. Rather than writing a singular defence of the humanities against economic rationalism, Zoe Hope Bulaitis constructs a nuanced map of the intersections of value in the humanities, encompassing an exploration of policy engagement, scientific discourses, fictional representation, and the humanities in public life. The book articulates a kaleidoscopic range of humanities practices which demonstrate that although recent policy encourages higher education to be entirely motivated by outcomes, fiscal targets, and the acquisition of employability skills, the humanities continue to inspire and aspire beyond these limits. This book is a historically-grounded and theoretically-informed analysis of the value of the humanities within the context of the market.
This chapter scrutinises the rise of the impact criterion within research assessment and places it within a wider context of market-led cultural policy (1980–90s). Specifically, the chapter addresses the impact agenda of the 2014 REF by drawing upon a wider context of accountability in public museums. The discussion of the public museum demonstrates how, since the nineteenth century, cultural values are configured within a framework of national interests and regulated through mechanisms of accountability and assessment of public impact. The chapter draws from critical scholarship in the field of museology in order to provide a language with which humanities scholars can address the contemporary changes facing research assessment culture in higher education.
The article is devoted to the use of the scenario approach in the strategic
planning documents in the Russian Federation. The strategic planning documents determined by the Federal Law №172-FL “On the strategic planning in the Russian
Federation” are diverse and tools that are used do not form a unified system. The use
of the scenario approach does not cover the strategic process in general, it appears in
some categories of strategic planning documents. In this regard, it was found that the
strategic planning process is a partially alternative caused by different reasons.
The article presents the analysis of the use of scenarios in practice. The study is based
on review of strategic planning documents and legal acts in the sphere of its
working-out.
New Public Management (NPM) has become one of the dominant paradigms for public management across the world. This paper proceeds by defining NPM and giving an insight on the context within which it emerged. The paper goes on to explore essential characteristics of NPM. Thereafter, it recommends administrative reforms that need to be adopted to strengthen public administration (PA) in Iran as a case study and the challenges in implementing them. It concludes with a summary of key issues and suggestions posed in the discussion.
The purpose of this research was examining the factors that affect the employee performance at the tax office in Gunungsitoli. The factors tested in this study were clear and measurable goals, incentives, motivation, remuneration, decentralization, and performance measurement systems for employee performance. This research was conducted by using questionnaires to all employees of Kantor Penyuluhan Dan Konsultasi Perpajakan KP2KP Gunungsitoli. The data obtained was processed by using a regression that is part of the multiple regression. Number of questionnaires processed amounted to 40 questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that a clear and measurable goals, incentives, motivation, remuneration, decentralization is not related to employee performance. While performance measurement system affect employee performance.
In this study, we analysed US-based public opinion data to determine the influence of particular modes of participation on citizen perceptions of public–private partnerships (PPP). Our summary finding is that information dissemination can improve community support of PPPs, but interactive engagement is more important, and likely required, for assuring citizens that projects reflect their interests – an issue vital to the long-term sustainability of PPPs. Counter to expectations, respondents indicated a preference for meetings with private partner representatives over those with their public sector counterparts; implying the value of citizen-direct relationships in holding third-party providers to account.
Número 7 de la Revista de El Colegio de San Luis
This article documents the life-cycle of the National Green Tribunal of India (NGT). The NGT is officially described as a “specialised body equipped with necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes involving multi-disciplinary issues”—a forum offering greater plurality for environmental justice. Its international and national recognition promotes it as an exemplar for developing nations. The change management theory underpinning the paper is drawn from the work of Kurt Lewin and Edgar Schein, thereby allowing the analysis of competing internal and external forces affecting the NGT. There is a transmigration of theory and its application from one discipline to another social science: business psychology and management to law. The article identifies and addresses the crisis, and analyses the reasons and actions of the principal actors or forces interested in supporting the NGT and, on the other hand, those who are concerned, challenged, and affected by its growth, activities, and popularity.
Accountingization or Accountingsiana? Interpreting Sector Public Accounting Reformation in Indonesia. The embrace of New Public Management in public sector has given birth to imperativeness of accountingization. This article scrutinizes the paradigm shift from public sector organizations into hybrid organizations; a reflection of economics liberalization. A qualitative content analysis study is carried out to generate understanding how accountingization has taken place and is invading stealthily into the Indonesian public sector; supporting the ever-growing capitalism. The role of accounting as the change driver in the name of effectiveness and efficiency, hence liberalization, has gained its momentum through legitimation of “liberal” accounting practices in government decree/ regulations and public sector accounting standards. Abstrak: Akuntansiasi atau Akuntansiana? Memaknai Reformasi Akuntansi Sektor Publik di Indonesia. Masuknya New Public Management di sector publik telah melahirkan urgensi akuntansiasi. Artikel ini menyoroti pergeseran paradigma atas bentuk organisasi publik menjadi organisasi hibrida. Studi analisis isi kualitatif digunakan untuk menghasilkan pemahaman tentang bagaimana akuntansiasi telah mengambil alih dan perlahan menginvasi sector publik di Indonesia, dan mendukung tumbuhnya kapitalisme. Peran akuntansi sebagai pemicu perubahan atas nama efektifi tas dan efi siensi; dan oleh karena itu liberalisasi, mendapatkan momentumnya melalui legitimasi praktik akuntansi yaitu regulasi dan standar akuntansi sektor publik.
This chapter proposes four ways to explore the legacies of New Public Management (NPM) in public bureaucracies in Europe. First, NPM contradictions as a global doctrine are emphasized to show how its mutability has favoured its resilience over decades. Second, we explain how and why its ideational dominance has been challenged in the early 2000s. Third, we pay attention to more complex forms of NPM institutionalization by tracking its ideas and instruments in the various institutional and temporal contexts where they have been produced, translated, adopted and diversely entrenched in European governments. At last, we examine five significant and enduring redistributions of power that NPM instruments have generated in European public bureaucracies, thus suggesting that NPM effects are here to stay.
In the last decades, local governments in Mexico have implemented more participatory and less vertical processes of solution of public problems. The balance is in progress, continuity and inertia in building a new government relationship-local society. In structural terms, has gone from a government dominance to the presence of a large diversity of actors and a more participatory decision-making of public policy process, likewise has generated an expanded calendar that goes beyond the role of public services to include issues of local development (Cabrero, 2003). Political and administrative changes that have been implemented for at least the last three decades in order to make more participatory and efficient the task of governing and respond more effectively to the attention of the needs of the population, have had their greatest impact on the transformation of governance processes at the municipal level. However, the quality of local institutions does not seem to be necessary to meet the challenges at a local level. There is also a broad consensus that the problem at the municipal level in Mexico is not technical, but political, which refers not to the professionalization of local government, but to increase the quality of governance and improve the decision making process. This article aims to reflect from a governance approach and five concrete municipal government in Mexico (Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Querétaro, San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas), about new governance processes, with emphasis on participatory management and decision oriented to stimulate, from a more horizontal and concerted approach, processes of solving local problems public decisions. To meet this aim, first, the process of institutional change in the Mexican municipality described secondly the emergence of a new public action at the municipal level is analyzed, and finally, the deficit of local government institutions is set out.
While it might appear self-evident that the trend toward the New Public Management (NPM) in the public administration systems of many Western countries is an outgrowth of neoliberalism, the case of Swedish education suggests that such policies can have widely different and counterintuitive sources. Ideas about education from both sides of the political spectrum appear to have paved the way for NPM in the Swedish school system. This possibility casts the ideological basis for NPM reforms in a new light, at least in the context of the Swedish school system.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.