RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY OF FACULTIES IN SRTMUN SUB-CENTRE, LATUR: A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY 1 2

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Asian Journal of Library and Information Vol.5, Issue (3-4)
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111
ONLINE JOURNAL OF LIBRARY HI-TECH: A CITATION STUDY
S. Jadhav Vandana
Research Scholar
V.S. Khaparde
Professor & Head
&
M. Shelke Santosh
Research Scholar
Department of Library & Information Science
Dr.Babasahed Ambedkar Marathwada University
Aurangabad
ABSTRACT
The present study has been conducted as Citation analysis of the Journal of “Library
Hi Tech” on the basis of ten objectives. Average number of references per articles;
Form-wise distribution of references; Authorship pattern of references; Year - wise
Degree of Collaboration; Organizational contribution of articles; Country wise
distribution of references; Ranking of the journals; Chronological distribution of
citations; Obsolescence/ageing of literature in the Library Hi-tech; Web references
and print references and Lengths of articles.
Keywords: Citation analysis, Library Hi Tech Journal, Bibliometrics.
1. Introduction
Citation is one of the major requirements of all of the research papers written and all of
the intellectual work, no matter whatever the field you are in. Basically, citation is the way of
telling the readers about the sources you have utilized in that specific work. In this way if your
reader wants to get the further information on the related topic or the findings of the other author,
he can easily get the information on that. In most of the cases the references of the material
include the title of the source, author name, name of the publisher, the date of publishing, and also
the link of the website where the material was published. Citation analysis is a worthwhile area of
research. “Citation analysis” refers to references in one text to another text, with information on
where that text can be found. Citation analysis is useful for understanding subject relationships,
author effectiveness, publication trends, and so on. The first recorded citation analysis was given
by Gross and Gross (1927) who looked at citation patterns to determine the journals to be
subscribed to and back volumes to be acquired for the Library of Pomona College. With citation
analysis one can evaluate and interpret citation received by articles, authors, institutions, and other
indications of scientific activity. (Ravichandra Rao, 1993).
Citation analysis is a technique of Bibliometrics. It is an important research tool to
understanding the subject, which we analyze the structure and direction of the subject. It measures
the utility of documents and relationship between documents in the subject and relationship
between authors and their documents. Journals are mostly useful in research work and it is a
sensitive indicator of new emerging ideas in the subject

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2. Review of Literature
The synchrous studies done by Knnappanava (1991); Berhanuddin (1992); Sangam
(1986); Thoidingjam (1997); Chikate (2008) and Schneider (2004) emphasized that the
Bibliometric methods have been successfully applied to examine the intellectual structure of
several disciplines.
Citation represent the pool of archival knowledge from which author retrieve established
ideas and in turn generate new research ideas this knowledge may be dissemination within an area
and across disciplinary boundaries (Sharif 2004). Language wise distribution of articles and
country wise distribution of journals were studied (Singh, 2007). Bibliometrics, Informatrics,
Scientometrics and Technometrics are unfortunately not very clear and there is choice in the
terminology (Wormell, 1998). Citation analysis of ournal of Physiology and Allied Sciences by
Koly and Sen (2003). Citation analysis of University News Journal by Jadhav Vandana S
Khaparde Vaishali S (2011).
3. Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study are:
 To identify the number of references per article.
 To know the form wise distributions of references.
 To understand the nature of authorship pattern of references per article
 To identify the year - wise degree of collaboration.
 To identify the organization wise contribution of articles.
 To find out the country wise distribution of cited references.
 To identify the ranking of the cited journals
 To find out the chronological distribution of citations
 To study the obsolescence/ageing of literature in the Library Hi-tech
 To find out the web references and print references
 To find out the lengths of articles
4. Scope of the Study
The present study is limited to 3876 references appended to 247 articles published in
Library Hi-tech, an international journal.
4.1 Library Hi Tech
Library Hi-Tech is an International E- Journal published quarterly from United Kingdom.
Library Hi-Tech is a double-blind peer-reviewed academic journal on computing and technology
for the library community. It is international in scope, and defines technology in the broadest
possible terms to include the full range of tools that librarians and their customers employ.
Research articles about new technologies or new uses of technologies are particularly welcomed.
Case studies and scholarly literature reviews are also accepted. Library Hi-Tech is available as
part of an online subscription to the Emerald Library and Information Studies Subject Collection.

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5. Methodology
5.1 Data Collection
The references cited in the articles of Library Hi-Tech journal is appended according to
their nature. Total 247 articles were published during the years 2005-2009 which accounted 3876
citations.
5.2 Data Analysis
The data analysis of this study is presented in the following paragraphs.
5.2.1 Average number of references per articles
The average number of references per article is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Average number of references per articles
Year Volume No. No. of Article No. of References %
2005 23
(1
-
4)
49 330 6.74
2006 24 (1-4) 50 721 14.42
2007 25 (1-4) 49 1014 20.69
2008 26 (1-4) 51 956 18.75
2009 27 (1-4) 48 855 17.81
Total 247 3876 15.69
Table 1 represent the average number of references per article during 2005, 2006, 2007,
2008 and 2009. The highest number of references per article are in 2007 i.e. 1014 (20.69), and in
the year 2005 lowest number of references per article i.e. 330 (6.74).
5.2.2 Form wise distribution of references
The study regarding the form-wise distribution of citation has been done in order to know
the most dominant forms in which the information is cited.
Table 2: Form wise distribution of references
Books 15.56
Thesis 1.06
Handbook 0.59
Symposia 0.08
Report 3.69
ConferenceProceeding 5.03
Seminars 1.6
Manuals 0.39
Bulletin 0.67
Review 1.68
NewsLetter 1.73
Archives 1.93
Standards 0.77
Magzine 1.68
Others 29.44

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Table 2 gives the form-wise distribution of citation analysis and shows that, out of 3876
citations, 1322 (34.11%) citations are journals citations. This is followed by other forms such as
books 15.56%, conference proceedings 5.03%, archives 1.93% and any others forms i.e. 29.44%
respectively.
5.2.3 Authorship pattern
The authorship pattern has been studied with 247 articles. It was analyzed to determine
percentage of single, two, three, four, five, six or more than six authors which is shown in
Table 3.
Table 3: Authorship pattern
Author 2005
(
%
)
2006
(
%
)
2007
(
%
)
2008
(
%
)
2009
(
%
)
Total
& %
Single 222
(
67.27
)
447
(
62.00
)
804
(
79.29
)
637
(
66.63
)
526
(
61.52
)
2636
(
68.01
)
Two 59
(
17.88
)
175
(
24.27
)
135
(
13.4
)
191
(
19.98
)
161
(
18.83
)
721
(
18.60
)
Three 31
(
9.39
)
53
(
7.3
5)
39
(
3.85
)
83
(
8.68
)
79
(
9.24
)
285
(
7.35
)
Four 11
(3.33)
18
(2.50)
25
(2.47)
33
(3.45)
42
(4.91)
129
(3.33)
Five 2
(0.61)
13
(1.80)
6
(0.59)
7
(0.73)
15
(1.75)
43
(1.11)
Six 3
(0.91)
5
(0.69)
4
(0.39)
3
(0.4)
5
(0.59)
20
(0.5)
More than
Six
2
(0.61)
10
(1.39)
1
(0.10)
2
(0.21)
27
(3.16)
42
(1.08)
Total 330
(8.51)
721
(18.60)
1014
(26.16)
956
(24.67)
855
(22.06)
3876
(100)
Fig. 1: Authorship Pattern
68.01
0
1.08
0.5
1.11
3.33
7.35
18.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
S ing le Two Th ree F our Fiv e S ix More
thans ix
Pe rce ntag
e

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5.2.4 Degree of Author’s Collaboration
Various methods have been proposed to calculate the degree of research collaboration.
Here, in this study the formula proposed by Subramanyam (1983) has been used.
Nm
The degree of collaboration C=
Nm + Ns
Where, C= Degree of collaboration in a discipline
Nm = number of multi- authored papers in the discipline
Ns= number of single- authored paper in the discipline
Here, Nm = 1240
Ns = 2636
1240
C = = 2.13
Thus, the degree of collaboration (C) 2.13.
1240 + 2636
So, in the study the degree of collaboration during the overall 5 years (2005- 2009) is 2.13.
Table 4: Year – Wise Degree of Collaboration
Year Total No.
of Articles
Total No.
of
Authors
No. of
Single
Authored
% of
Articles
No. of
Multi
Authored
Articles
% of
Articles
Degree of
Collaborati
on
2005 330 526 222 5.73 108 2.79 2.23
2006 721 1201 447 11.53 274 7.07 4.48
2007 1014 1259 804 20.74 210 5.42 8.05
2008 956 1481 637 16.43 319 8.23 6.38
2009 855 1560 526 13.57 329 8.49 5.27
Total 3876 6027 2636 68.01 1240 31.99 5.28(mean)
The Table 4 shows that in the 5 years of period, the single author articles are higher and
predominant than multiple authors. The multi authored articles are highest in year 2009 i.e. 329
(8.49). The single authored articles 804 (20.74) are highest in the year 2007. It is seen that the
single authorship trend is increasing gradually in Library Hi-Tech.
5.2.5 Organizational Contributions of Articles
Fig .No.2: Organizational Contributions of Articles
87.75
12.25
80
20
75.5
24.5
84.3
15.7
58.33
41.67
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2005 2 006 2 007 2 008 2 009
Unive rs ities
R es e arc h
Ins titute

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Figure 2identifies the organization wise contribution of research articles. Universities are
the major contributors with 191 (77.33) contributions from 2005-2009 (vol.23-27) and also
followed by research institutes with 56 (22.67) contribution.
5.2.6 Country wise distribution of references
The countries on the basis of number of citations published are shown in Table5.
Table 5: Country wise distribution of references
Country wise 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total
USA 57(16.36) 79(10.96) 157(15.48) 184(19.25) 119(13.91) 596(15.38)
India 1(0.30) - 13(1.28) 12(1.25) 6(0.70) 32(0.83)
UK 7(2.12) 39(5.41) 16(1.58) 23(2.41) 39(4.56) 124(3.20)
Canada 20(6.06) 29(4.02) 37(3.65) 25(2.61) 37(4.33) 148(3.81)
Germany 6(1.82) 19(2.63) 10(0.99) 12(1.25) 18(2.11) 65(1.68)
Australia - 4(0.56) 4(0.39) 4(0.41) - 12(0.31)
Chicago 3(0.91) 4(0.56) 12(1.18) 13(1.36) 5(0.59) 37(0.96)
Portland 1(0.30) 1(0.14) - - 2(0.23) 4(0.10)
China - - 2(0.20) - 1(0.11) 3(0.08)
Africa 7(2.12) 2(0.28) 1(0.10) - 1(0.11) 11(0.28)
Europe - 1(0.14) - - 2(0.23) 3(0.08)
Switzerland - 1(0.14) - - 1(0.11) 2(0.05
Italy - 1(0.14) - 1(0.11) - 2(0.05)
Netherlands - - - 1(0.11) - 1(0.03)
Saudi Arabia - 1(0.14) - - - 1(0.03)
Ireland - 4(0.56) 1(0.10) 5(0.52) 2(0.23) 12(0.31)
Greece - - 1(0.10) 2(0.21) - 3(0.08)
Iran - - 4(0.39) 5(0.52) 10(1.17) 19(0.49)
Egypt 1(0.30) - 1(0.10) - - 2(0.05)
Taiwan - - - 1(0.11) - 1(0.03)
Places are not
mentioned
227(68.79) 536(74.34) 755(74.46) 668(69.87) 612(71.58) 2798(72.19)
Total 330 721 1014 956 855 3876(100)
The countries having a maximum number of 3876 citations appended in 247 articles have
been considered. The study regarding the country wise distributions of citations has been done in
order to know the most dominant countries in which the information is cited. Table 5 reveals that
USA, India, UK , Canada, Germany have 596 (15.38%), 32 (0.83), 124 (3.20%), 148 (3.81%), 65
(1.68%). However in 2798 citations the place of publication is not mentioned.

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5.2.7 Ranked List of Most Cited Journals
The journal citations were further analyzed to establish a list of journals. Table 6 provide
ranked list of the top most frequently cited journals under study.
Table 6: Ranked List of Most Cited Journals
S. No. Rank
No. Name of the Journal No. of
Citation %
1 1 Librar
y
Hi Tech 103 7.79
2 2 Librar
y
Journal 58 4.39
3 3 Journal of the American society for
information science and Technol
og
y
42 3.18
4 4 Com
put
ers in Libraries 40 3.03
5 5 Journal of Academic Librarian -ship 35 2.65
6 6 Information Technol
og
y
and Libraries 31 2.34
7 7 Informati
on p
rocessi
ng
and Ma
nag
ement 25 1.89
8 8 Online 24 1.81
9 9 Library Trends 22 1.66
10 10 Library and Information science research 21 1.59
11 11 Journal of Information Science 20 1.5
12 11 The Electronic Librar
y
20 1.5
13 11 Health Information and Libraries Journal 20 1.5
14 12 College and Research Libraries 18 1.36
15 13 Journal of Documentation 17 1.29
16 13 Internet Reference Services
Q
uarterl
y
17 1.29
17 14 Ariadne online Journal 16 1.21
18 15 Librar
y
Ma
nag
ement 15 1.13
19 15 The Serials Librarian 15 1.13
20 16 Catal
og
i
ng
and Classificati
on Q
uarterl
y
14 1.05
21 16 Library Collection, Acquisitions and
Technical Services
14 1.05
22 16 Serials Review 14 1.05
23 16 Searcher 14 1.05
24 17 First M
onday
13 0.98
25 17 The Library Quarterly 13 0.98
26 18 Online Information Review 12 0.90
27 18 Communication of the ACM 12 0.90
28 18 New Librar
y
World 12 0.90
29 19 Information Outlook 10 0.75
30 19 OCLC System and Services 10 0.75
31 19 Journal of Medical Library Association 10 0.75
32 20 Librar
y
Hi Tech News 9 0.68
33 20 The Reference Librarian 9 0.68
34 20 Librar
y
Resources and Technical Services 9 0.68
35 20 Library Review 9 0.68
36 20 Reference and User Services Quarterly 9 0.68
37 20 American Libraries 9 0.68

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S. No. Rank
No. Name of the Journal No. of
Citation %
38 21 Reference Services Review 8 0.61
39 22 Feliciter 7 0.53
40 22 Scientometrics 7 0.53
41 22 Medical Reference Services Quarterl
y
7 0.53
42 22 The Chronicle of Higher Education 7 0.59
43 23 Science and Technol
og
y
Libraries 6 0.45
44 23 Information To
day
6 0.45
45 23 IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and
Machine Intelli
g
ence
6 0.45
46 23 Libri 6 0.45
47 23 Journal of Librarianshi
p
& Inf. Science 6 0.45
48 23 Zeitschrift fur Bibliothekswesen &
Bibli
og
r
aph
ie
6 0.45
49 24 Journal of Di
g
ital Information 5 0.38
50 24 Journal of Librar
y
Administration 5 0.38
51 24 The Int’l Information & Librar
y
Review 1`5 0.38
52 25 Pattern Rec
og
nition 4 0.30
53 25 Information Service and Use 4 0.30
54 25 E-Content 4 0.30
55 25 Technical Service
Q
uarterl
y
4 0.30
56 25 Webol
og
y
4 0.30
57 25 Aslib Proceedi
ng
4 0.30
58 25 Health Libraries Review 4 0.30
59 25 Annals of Internal Medicine 4 0.30
60 25 Journal of American Medical Informatics
Association
4 0.30
61 25 Library Association Record 4 0.30
62 25 Nature 4 0.30
63 26 Public Libraries 3 0.23
64 26 Program: Electronic Library and Information
Sy
stems
3 0.23
65 26 Mississi
p
pi
Libraries 3 0.23
66 26 Bibliothek fors
chung
and p
raxis 3 0.23
67 26 The Journal of Information and Knowledge
Ma
nag
ement
Sy
stems
3 0.23
68 26 The Bottom Line 3 0.23
69 26 Collection Management 3 0.23
70 26 Canadian Medical Association Journal 3 0.23
71 26 Molecular
Sy
stems Biol
og
y
3 0.23
72 26 BMC Bioinformatics 3 0.23
73 26 ACM SIGIR Forum 3 0.23
74 26 Portal Libraries and The Academ
y
3 0.23
75 27 44 Journals With 2 Citations 88 6.66
76 28 331 Journals With 1 Citations 331 25.03
Total 1322 100.00

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It was observed that the Library Hi-Tech journal ranked 1st in position than the other
journals with maximum number of citations i.e. 103 (7.79%). 44 journals with 2 citations and 331
journals with 1 citation respectively.
5.2.8) Chronological Distribution of Citations
The chronological distribution of Citations is shown in Table 7.
Table 7: Chronological Distribution of Citations
Period Number of
Citations
Cumulative
Citations
Percentage
of Citations
Cumulative % of
Citations
1900 & Before 4 4 0.10 0.10
1901-1910 1 5 0.03 0.13
1911-1920 1 6 0.03 0.16
1921-1930 4 10 0.10 0.26
1931-1940 7 17 0.18 0.44
1941-1950 7 24 0.18 0.62
1951-1960 19 43 0.49 1.11
1961-1970 23 66 0.59 1.70
1971-1980 61 127 1.57 3.27
1981-1990 123 250 3.17 6.44
1991-2000 692 942 17.85 24.29
2001-2010 2911 3853 75.10 99.39
Unidentified 23 3876 0.59 100.00
Total 3876
The study regarding the ranking of the year-wise citations has been done in order to know
the most dominant year. Ten year span of period was undertaken for study.
Table 8 gives ranking of year of distribution of citation which shows that 2911 the highest
number of Citations out of a total of 3876 Citations is in year 2001-2010 and lowest number of
citation in year 1901-1910 and 1911-1920 respectively, where it is seen that the researchers cite
the latest document. The study also shows that last 18-20 years (1991-2010) literature was cited
highest.
5.2.9 Obsolescence of Library Hi Tech Literature
Citation analysis techniques are becoming more popular to study the characteristics of
literature of a subject. Half-life and other obsolescence studies help the working librarians and
information scientists in deciding which item to keep and which item to store or discard in order
to maintain the need based and moderate collections in libraries.
Obsolescence has been defined as the “decline over time in validity or utility of
information”. It has found to vary from one subject to another and from one country to another,
depending on the factors such as the nature and characteristics of subjects etc. It has been found
that a large number of obsolescence studies have been reported in the field of Science and
Technology than in Social Sciences and the Humanities.

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Fig. 3: Obsolescence of Library Hi Tech
0.1 0.02 00.02 00.05 0.05 0.08 0.1 0.05 0.13 0.1 0.39 0.21 0.39 0.62 0.96 1.11 2.06 5.68
12.18
36.2 38.91
0.59
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
unid ent ified
The obsolescence rate of literature can be assessed by citation analysis which can give an
indication of how far a researcher must go back to obtain a representative sample of the published
literature in a given field. The present study made an attempt to determine the half life period of
Library Hi-Tech literature which will help the librarians in building need based collection.
To calculate the half life period of Library Hi-Tech literature in the present study, a graph
is plotted in fig. 3 based on the data given in the Table 7 of obsolescence of Library Hi-Tech
literature from the period of years at the cumulative number of five years on X-axis a and
cumulative number of citations on the Y-axis. A parallel line from Y-axis is drawn from the point
“P” (representing the half the number of total citations). To meet the curve at point “Q”, a
perpendicular OR is drawn to the X- axis. The line “OP” represents the half of the total 3876
citations i.e. 1938 and the line “QR” represent the half life period for Library Hi Tech literature,
which falls on an average for 24 years. The study shows the half life period of Library Hi Tech
literature is 24 years approximately.
5.2.10 Year–wise Percentage of Articles having Web references and print references
Table 8. Year –wise Percentage of Articles having Web references and print references
Year Articles Web
references
Number of
references
Total Number of
web references
Total Number of
Print Journal
references
2005 49 45(91.84) 330 115(34.85) 215(65.15)
2006 50 43(86.00) 721 249(34.53) 472(65.46)
2007 49 42(85.71) 1014 273(26.92) 741(73.08)
2008 51
45(
88.2
3)
956
314(
32.
85)
642(
67.
15)
2009 48
40(
83.3
3)
855
256(
29.
94)
599(
70.
06)
Total 247 215(87.05) 3876 1207(31.14) 2669(68.86)
From the Table 8 it can be seen that total 3876 references are appended to 247 articles,
out of which 1207 (31.14) are web references and 2669 (68.86) are print references of which
maximum web references are in the year 2008, i.e., 314 (32.85) appended to 51 articles. Whereas
maximum print references are in the year 2007 i.e. 741 (73.08) appended to 49 articles.

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5.2.11 Length of Articles
Table 9 indicates the details about the page length of the contributions.
Table 9: Lengths of Articles
No of P
age
s 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total Percent
age
1-5 5 5 4 6 5 25 10.12
6-10 17 23 15 12 18 85 34.41
11-15 19 16 19 22 16 92 37.25
16-20 6 4 9 9 7 35 14.17
21-25 1 1 2 2 2 8 3.24
26-30 1 -- -- -- -- 1 0.40
31-35 -- 1 -- -- -- 1 0.40
Total 49 50 49 51 48 247 100
Out of 247 contributions, 25 contributions (10.12) have page length of 1-5 pages while 92
contributions (37.25) have length of 11-15 pages. There are two contributions that has page length
between 26-30 and 31-35 pages i.e. (0.40) respectively.
6. Findings
The findings are based on the analysis of collected data appended from 247articles and
3876 references in Library Hi Tech e-journals.
6.1 Average number of references per articles
The highest number of references per article is observed in 2007, i.e. 1014 (20.69) and in
the year 2005, lowest number of references per article i.e. 330 (6.74)
6.2 Form wise Distribution of references
Form- wise distribution of citation analysis shows that 1,322citations out of a total of 3876
citations are journals citations. It forms about 34.11 percent of the total. This is followed by other
forms such as books 15.56 percent, conference proceedings 5.03 percent, archives 1.93 percent
and any others forms are 29.44 percents respectively.
6.3 Authorship pattern
The number of single authors is highest and it accounts 2636 (68.01%) and the number of
six authors is the lowest and it accounts 20 (0.5%) and more than six authors accounts 42 (1.08).
6.4 Year –Wise Degree of Collaboration
The single author articles are higher and predominant than multiple authors. The multi
authored articles are highest in year 2009 i.e. 329 (8.49). The Single authored articles 804 (20.74)
are highest in the year 2007.
6.5 Organizational Contributions of Articles
Universities are the major contributors with (77.33) from 2005-2009 (vol. 23-27)
followed by research institute with (22.67) contributions.

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6.6 Country wise distribution of references
It was seen that USA, India, UK, Canada, Germany have 596 (15.38%), 32 (0.83), 124
(3.20%), 148 (3.81%), 65 (1.68%). However, in 2798 citations the place of publication is not
mentioned.
6.7 Ranked List of Most Cited Journals
It was observed that the Library Hi-Tech journal ranked 1st in position than the other
journals with maximum number of citations i.e. 103 (7.79%). 44 journals were 2 citations and 331
journals were 1 citation respectively.
6.8 Chronological Distribution of Citations
Ranking of year of distribution of citation which shows that 2911 the highest number of
Citations out of a total of 3876 Citations is in year 2001-2010 and lowest number of citation in
year 1901-1910 and 1911-1920 respectively. The study shows that last 18-20 years (1991-2010)
literature was cited highest.
6.9 Obsolescence of Library Hi-Tech
The study shows the half life period of Library Hi-Tech literature is 24 years
approximately.
6.10 Year –wise Percentage of Articles having Web references and print references
It can be seen that total 3876 references are appended to 247 articles, out of which
1207(31.14) are web references and 2669(68.86) are print references of which maximum web
references are in the year 2008i.e. 314(32.85) appended to 51 articles. Whereas maximum print
references are in the year 2007 i.e. 741 (73.08) appended to 49 articles.
6.11 Length of Articles
Out of 247 contributions, 25 contributions (10.12) have page length of 1-5 pages while 92
contributions (37.25) have length of 11-15 pages. There are two contributions that has page length
between 26-30 and 31-35 pages i.e. (0.40) respectively.
7. Conclusion
Citation studies provide some guidelines for the librarians and information scientist in the
decision making process in their acquisition policy. These finding are much helpful for librarians
and information scientists while talking decisions regarding collection development, removing out
dated documents from the shelves and also in maintaining need based collection in the libraries.
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