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Collectanea Botanica 35: e001
enero-diciembre 2016
ISSN-L: 0010-0730
http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
Abstract
New xeNophytes from La paLma (CaNary IsLaNds, spaIN), wIth emphasIs oN NaturaLIzed aNd (poteNtIaLLy) INvasIve
speCIes.— Many years of eld work in La Palma (western Canary Islands) yielded a number of interesting new records
of non-native vascular plants. Amaranthus blitoides, A. deexus, Aptenia cordifolia, Argemone ochroleuca, Begonia
schmidtiana, Capsella rubella, Cardamine hamiltonii, Centratherum punctatum, Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare,
Chasmanthe oribunda (widely confused with C. aethiopica and Crocosmia ×crocosmiiora in Macaronesia), Chenop-
odium probstii, Commelina latifolia var. latifolia, Dichondra micrantha, Dysphania anthelmintica, Epilobium ciliatum,
Erigeron sumatrensis, Erodium neuradifolium, Eucalyptus globulus, Euphorbia hypericifolia, E. maculata, Gamo-
chaeta antillana, Geranium pyrenaicum, Hedychium coronarium, Hypochaeris radicata, Kalanchoe daigremontiana,
K. delagoensis, K. ×houghtonii, Kickxia commutata subsp. graeca, K. spuria subsp. integrifolia, Lactuca viminea
subsp. ramosissima, Landoltia punctata, Malvastrum coromandelianum subsp. capitatospicatum, Oenothera jamesii,
Orobanche nana, Oxalis latifolia, Papaver hybridum, P. setigerum, Pilea microphylla, Podranea ricasoliana, Po-
lygonum arenastrum, Portulaca granulatostellulata, P. nicaraguensis, P. nitida, P. papillatostellulata, Rumex crispus
subsp. crispus, R. pulcher subsp. pulcher, R. ×pratensis, Sechium edule, Sida spinosa var. angustifolia, Silene nocturna,
Solanum abutiloides, S. alatum, S. decipiens, Sonchus tenerrimus, Spergularia marina, Stellaria pallida, Tragopogon
porrifolius subsp. australis, Tribulus terrestris and Trifolium repens subsp. repens are naturalized or (potentially) inva-
sive xenophytes, reported for the rst time from either the Canary Islands or from La Palma. 37 additional, presumably
ephemeral taxa are reported for the rst time from the Canary Islands, whereas 56 ephemeral taxa are new for La Palma.
Key words: Canary Islands; chorology; La Palma; new records; vascular plants; xenophytes.
Resumen
Nuevos xeNófItos de La paLma (IsLas CaNarIas, españa), CoN éNfasIs eN Las espeCIes NaturaLIzadas y (poteNCIaLmeNte)
INvasoras.— Varios años de trabajos de campo en La Palma (Islas Canarias occidentales) han posibilitado el descubrimiento
de nuevas plantas vasculares no nativas. Amaranthus blitoides, A. deexus, Aptenia cordifolia, Argemone ochroleuca, Be-
gonia schmidtiana, Capsella rubella, Cardamine hamiltonii, Centratherum punctatum, Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare,
Chasmanthe oribunda (ampliamente confundida con C. aethiopica y Crocosmia ×crocosmiiora en Macaronesia), Che-
nopodium probstii, Commelina latifolia var. latifolia, Dichondra micrantha, Dysphania anthelmintica, Epilobium ciliatum,
Erigeron sumatrensis, Erodium neuradifolium, Eucalyptus globulus, Euphorbia hypericifolia, E. maculata, Gamochaeta
antillana, Geranium pyrenaicum, Hedychium coronarium, Hypochaeris radicata, Kalanchoe daigremontiana, K. delagoen-
sis, K. ×houghtonii, Kickxia commutata subsp. graeca, K. spuria subsp. integrifolia, Lactuca viminea subsp. ramosissima,
Landoltia punctata, Malvastrum coromandelianum subsp. capitatospicatum, Oenothera jamesii, Orobanche nana, Oxalis
latifolia, Papaver hybridum, P. setigerum, Pilea microphylla, Podranea ricasoliana, Polygonum arenastrum, Portulaca gra-
nulatostellulata, P. nicaraguensis, P. nitida, P. papillatostellulata, Rumex crispus subsp. crispus, R. pulcher subsp. pulcher,
R. ×pratensis, Sechium edule, Sida spinosa var. angustifolia, Silene nocturna, Solanum abutiloides, S. alatum, S. decipiens,
Sonchus tenerrimus, Spergularia marina, Stellaria pallida, Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. australis, Tribulus terrestris y
Trifolium repens subsp. repens son xenótos naturalizados o (potencialmente) invasores, que se citan por primera vez para
las Islas Canarias o para la isla de La Palma. 37 táxones adicionales, probablemente casuales, se dan a conocer por primera
vez de las Islas Canarias, y 56 táxones de la isla de La Palma.
Palabras clave: corología; islas Canarias; La Palma; nuevas citas; plantas vasculares; xenótos.
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain), with em-
phasis on naturalized and (potentially) invasive species
R. OTTO1 & F. VERLOOVE2
1 Lindenstraße, 2, D-96163 Gundelsheim, Germany
2 Botanic Garden of Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium
Author for correspondence: R. Otto (rottoflora@t-online.de) Editor: N. Ibáñez
Received 9 May 2014; accepted 3 July 2014; published on line 5 July 2016
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
2R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
INTRODUCTION
The vascular ora of the island of La Palma (Spain,
Canary Islands) was thoroughly described by San-
tos-Guerra (1983) in his monumental work Vege-
tación y ora de La Palma. Since then relatively
few new data has been published. Brandes (2005)
reported about roadside vegetation on the island and
Acebes Ginovés et al. (2009) provided an up-to-date
checklist for the entire archipelago. New records of
Poaceae were presented by Otto & Scholz (2012)
and three recent papers dealt with acquisitions to the
ora of La Palma, both of native and non-native spe-
cies (Santos-Guerra et al., 2013a, b, 2014).
Despite the long tradition of studies on the o-
ra of the Canary Islands, new data still come to
light. Particularly the non-native ora obviously
is still imperfectly known and the number of new
introductions (deliberate as well as accidental) still
seems on the increase (see for instance Verloove
& Reyes-Betancort, 2011; Verloove, 2013). In this
paper new records are presented for species that are
either new to the Canary Islands (and even Macar-
onesia as a whole) or new to the island of La Palma.
Records are also provided for several species for
which the genuine presence in La Palma required
conrmation. Finally, new localities are given for
species that were only recently reported for the rst
time from La Palma.
In this paper the emphasis is on species that are
either naturalized, (potentially) invasive or that are
otherwise of interest. Records of (mostly) occa-
sional garden escapes or (presumably) ephemeral
introductions (“casual alien plants” sensu Richard-
son et al., 2000) are only briey commented.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Records here presented are the result of many years
of eld work in La Palma conducted by the rst
author, mainly between 1998 and 2014. Voucher
specimens of most taxa are preserved in the pri-
vate herbarium of the rst author (hereafter as
“pers. herb. RO”). Duplicates were often deposited
in the herbarium of the Botanic Garden of Meise,
Belgium (BR), some also in the herbaria of the
Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum of Ber-
lin-Dahlem (B) and the Botanische Staatssammlu-
ng München (M), both in Germany (acronyms ac-
cording to Thiers, 2014).
The actual presence or absence on the island
of La Palma of the non-native taxa here present-
ed was each time compared with data provided by
Hohenester & Welss (1993), Acebes Ginovés et al.
(2004, 2009) and the Banco de Datos de Biodiver-
sidad de Canarias (http://www.biodiversidadca-
narias.es). For some recently introduced species
several additional papers were checked as well.
The paper is divided in three parts. The rst and
major part deals with (probably) naturalized or (po-
tentially) invasive species. Each entry includes the
scientic name of the taxon (if useful accompanied by
one or more synonyms), the family to which the tax-
on belongs (see below), kind of chorological novelty,
enumeration of selected herbarium collections and/or
personal observations (often also with exact locality
indication, using Google Maps coordinates), origin
(primary as well as secondary distribution range),
known distribution in the Canary Islands (abbreviat-
ed as follows: H = El Hierro, P = La Palma, G = La
Gomera, T = Tenerife, C = Gran Canaria, F = Fuerte-
ventura, L = Lanzarote) and its estimated degree of
naturalization in La Palma (sensu Richardson et al.,
2000). If relevant, some additional information is also
provided (nomenclatural or taxonomic comments,
identication keys, etc.). In the second part records of
(presumably) ephemeral aliens are presented. These
may be either new to the Canary Islands or new to the
island of La Palma. For these records only herbarium
data are referred to. For convenience, within each of
these parts, all taxa are presented in alphabetical order.
Familial and generic classications are in accord-
ance with APGIII (2009). For the taxa treated herein
Cómo citar este artículo / Citation
Otto, R. & Verloove, F. 2016. New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain), with emphasis on naturalized and (poten-
tially) invasive species. Collectanea Botanica 35: e001. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
Copyright
© 2016 CSIC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
Spain 3.0.
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
3
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
this means, for instance, that Agavaceae are includ-
ed in Asparagaceae, Caesalpinioideae in Fabaceae,
Chenopodiaceae in Amaranthaceae, Lemnaceae in
Araceae, and Turneraceae in Passioraceae.
Assessing exact residence status in the Canary
Islands in general, or the island of La Palma in par-
ticular for each individual species, is not straight-
forward. All taxa except those that are quoted as
surely native (nativa seguro) by Acebes Ginovés et
al. (2009) were considered non-native in this paper.
RESULTS
Naturalized and/or potentially invasive taxa
Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson in Proc. Amer.
Acad. Arts 12: 273 (1877) (Amaranthaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Garafía, Llano Negro, Calle
el Rito, roadside, numerous, 903 m, 15.08.2002,
R. Otto 7728 (pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta, San
Pedro, edge of parking below Plaza Bujaz, some
individuals, 28.662408º N, 17.787544º W, 342
m, 28.08.2008, R. Otto 14323 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR); Tijarafe, LP-1, parking and storage
area before SAT Bodegas Noroeste de La Palma,
numerous, 28.737936º N, 17.966208º W, 853
m, 09.05.2012, R. Otto 19173 (pers. herb. RO);
Breña Alta near San Pedro, Barranco de la Zarci-
ta, roadside and wasteland on Camino la Mural-
la, numerous, 28.653029º N, 17.794998º W, 408
m, 23.09.2013, R. Otto 20656 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR).
Origin: North America. Introduced and often
completely naturalized in South America, Eurasia
and other regions.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T, L
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009), C (Verloove, 2013).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized (locally).
Amaranthus deexus L., Mant. Pl. 2: 295 (1771)
(Amaranthaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, El Porvenir, cob-
bles, 26.08.1999, R. Otto 4729 (pers. herb. RO);
ibid., San Pedro, roadside, numerous, 15.08.2001,
R. Otto 6726 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Villa de
Mazo, El Pueblo, cemetery, cobbles, 19.08.2005,
R. Otto 11157 (pers. herb. RO); ibid., roadside LP-
206, 18.08.2008, R. Otto 14268 (pers. herb. RO).
Also seen on several occasions in other parts of the
island, e.g. Sta. Cruz de La Palma, San Andrés y
Sauces, Los Llanos de Aridane, Puerto de Tazacorte
and Fuencaliente; 03.2014, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Origin: South America. Introduced or natural-
ized in tropical and warm-temperate regions of the
world.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: H, T,
C, F, L (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Aptenia cordifolia (L. f.) Schwantes in Gartenora
77: 69 (1928) (Aizoaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
Calle Salinas, wasteland near the sea, numerous,
former throw-out or relic of cultivation (30 years
ago), 21.05.2013, R. Otto 20153 (pers. herb. RO);
surroundings of Tijarafe and Garafía, often planted
on embankments of vineyards, etc., to prevent ero-
sion and sometimes spreading from there in the vi-
cinity, 21.09.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Breña Baja,
roadside LP-5, below crash barrier, 26.09.2013,
R. Otto (pers. obs.); Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Car-
retera Timibúcar (LP-202), rock facing roadside,
02.10.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Origin: South Africa. Naturalized in parts of
America, Europe and Australia.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: H, G,
T, C, F, L (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized (locally).
Aptenia cordifolia is considered an invasive spe-
cies in many warm-temperate regions of the world
(e.g. Cela & Munné-Bosch, 2012).
Argemone ochroleuca Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 3: pl.
242 (1828) (Papaveraceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Villa de Mazo, Lodero, weed
in border of ornamentals near airport, 25 m,
03.09.2007, R. Otto 13190 (pers. herb. RO); Sta.
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
4R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
Cruz de La Palma, Barranco de las Nieves paral-
lel Avenida las Nieves, dry gravelly exposed riv-
erbed, in open ruderal vegetation, abundant with
A. mexicana L., 30 m, 28.04.2012, R. Otto 19117
(pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Breña Baja, Los Can-
cajos, Calle Salinas, wasteland, with A. mexicana,
29.02.2014, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Origin: Mexico. Commonly introduced and nat-
uralized in tropical and temperate regions of the
world.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T, C
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized in dis-
turbed habitats of the lowest and warmest zone.
Argemone ochroleuca (like A. mexicana L.)
competes with, and possibly displaces indigenous
pioneer species, threatening biodiversity of ripari-
an zones in particular (e.g. Van der Westhuizen &
Mpedi, 2011).
Begonia schmidtiana Regel in Gartenora 28:
321, pl. 990 (1879) (Fig. 1) (Begoniaceae).
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: San Andrés y Sauces, San
Andrés, Calle Abajo, numerous individuals in the
gravelly riverbed and on wet or moist rock faces of
the Barranco del Agua ca. 100 m before mouth of
barranco, 18.08.2010, R. Otto 17195 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR); Barlovento, near T-junction LP-109
and Calle Lomo Machín Alto, heap of excavation
material, 690 m, 29.09.2012, R. Otto 19801 (pers.
herb. RO, dupl. BR); San Andrés y Sauces, Bar-
ranco del Agua near El Mulato, roadside LP-105,
several, 24.05.2013, R. Otto 20227 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR); Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Barranco de las
Nieves parallel Calle Belmaco, moist rock face
05.03.2014, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Origin: Brazil. Widely cultivated as ornamen-
tal and increasingly naturalizing in temperate and
tropical regions of the world.
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
This perennial garden ornamental is frequently cul-
tivated in La Palma and readily escapes where-ever
planted. Especially in the northern and northeastern
Figure 1. Begonia schmidtiana and Persicaria capitata, San Andrés, September 2013 (Photographs: R. Otto).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
5
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
part of the island (e.g. surroundings of San Andrés y
Sauces) numerous self-sustaining populations have
been observed. The species preferably grows in every
kind of damp habitats: shady rocks and walls, ditch-
es, irrigation canals, etc. It often grows along with,
among others, Adiantum raddianum C. Presl, A. cap-
illus-veneris L., Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.
M. King & H. Rob., A. riparia (Regel) R. M. King &
H. Rob., Cyperus eragrostis Lam., Commelina diffusa
Burm. f., Erigeron karvinskianus DC., Impatiens wal-
leriana Hook. f., Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex
D. Don) H. Gross, Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr.
or Tradescantia uminensis Vell. However, Begonia
schmidtiana has also been recorded in drier habitats
such as on top of walls, in roadsides, and even epi-
phytic on Phoenix dactylifera L.
As a result of articial crossings the taxonomy
of Begonia has become very complex and garden
plants are hardly identiable with traditional o-
ras. The plants here referred to are characterized by
their cordate leaf bases and red-hairy stems. They
most closely resemble B. schmidtiana but doubt-
lessly represent hybrids and/or cultivars of this spe-
cies, some with pink petals.
Capsella rubella Reut. in Compt. Rend. Trav. Soc.
Helv. Sci. Nat. 2: 18 (1853) (Brassicaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Villa de Mazo, El Pueblo,
garden, weed in lawn, 21.08.2007, R. Otto 13314
(pers. herb. RO); Garafía, Roque Faro, wayside,
1030 m, 06.05.2012, R. Otto 19112 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR).
Origin: southern Europe, western Asia.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: H, G,
T?, C (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized, but per-
haps rarer than Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.
Cardamine hamiltonii G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 167
(1831) (Brassicaceae).
= C. exuosa With. subsp. debilis O. E. Schulz
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
house garden, 18.08.1999, R. Otto 4757 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR); Breña Alta, San Pedro, public green,
ower bed, 22.08.2009, R. Otto 15454 (pers. herb.
RO); Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, Calle Salinas, ho-
tel garden, disc of Ficus trunk, 01.09.2010, R. Otto
17321 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Breña Alta, San
Pedro, weed in market garden, 23.09.2013, R. Otto
(pers. obs.).
Origin: Asia. A common but widely overlooked
weed in many parts of the world.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T
(Verloove & Reyes-Betancort, 2011), C (Verloove,
2013).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Cardamine hamiltonii seems to be, to our current
knowledge, the correct name to apply at the species
level for the weed often referred to as “Asian” C.
exuosa (Schulz, 1903).
Centratherum punctatum Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat.
(ed. 2) 7: 384 (1817) (Asteraceae).
= C. intermedium (Link) Less., Ampherephis muti-
ca Kunth
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
Urbanización Las Salinas 1, ruderal Stenotaphrum
lawn, probably escaped from cultivation, about 10
individuals, 25.04.2012, R. Otto 18960 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR).
Origin: Brazil. Introduced and naturalized for
instance in Florida, Central America, West Indies,
Hawai, South Africa and Australia.
Degree of naturalization: probably ephemeral
but potentially invasive.
This species is very rarely cultivated as an or-
namental but easily seems to escape. In favourable
climatic circumstances it readily behaves like an
aggressive environmental weed, for instance in the
Galápagos Islands and the Hawaiian Islands (US
Forest Service, 2012).
Cerastium fontanum Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Trans-
silv. 1: 425 (1816) subsp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter
& Burdet in Willdenowia 12(1): 37 (1982) (Cary-
ophyllaceae).
= Cerastium holosteoides Fr.
New to the ora of La Palma.
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
6R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, San Pedro, pub-
lic green, weed in irrigated lawn, abundant,
22.08.2009, R. Otto 15453 (pers. herb. RO); ibid.,
02.09.2010, R. Otto 17315 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR); ibid., 05.03.2014, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Breña
Baja, Los Cancajos, Calle Salinas, irrigated border
near beach, lawn weed, 07.05.2012, R. Otto 19128
(pers. herb. RO).
Origin: Europe.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T, C
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized (?).
Chasmanthe oribunda (Salisb.) N. E. Br. in
Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 20(3): 274 (1932)
(Fig. 2) (Iridaceae).
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: Villa de Mazo, Tigalate, road-
side LP-2 near T-junction LP-206, 28.547137º N,
17.808956º W, 656 m, 04.03.2014, R. Otto 20877
(pers. herb. RO); Villa de Mazo, south of La Sa-
bina, roadside LP-206, slope, several clusters,
28.580889º N, 17.784872º W, 596 m, 04.03.2014,
R. Otto (pers. obs.); Villa de Mazo, roadside LP-
206 near km 16.5, 12.03.2014, R. Otto (pers. obs.);
Breña Alta, above San Isidro, near crossing LP-
301 and Canal de Fuencaliente, 28.628773º N,
17.802299º W, 697 m, 10.03.2014, R. Otto (pers.
obs.).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized, potential-
ly invasive.
Chasmanthe oribunda is very similar to C. ae-
thiopica (L.) N. E. Br. and both apparently have
frequently been confused (see also Goldblatt et al.,
2004). So far, all specimens of Chasmanthe seen
on La Palma (also in gardens) belong to C. ori-
bunda, C. aethiopica being rare (or even absent?)
in cultivation. This is not surprising, since the lat-
ter is much less attractive. This seems to hold true
elsewhere in the Canary Islands (and probably in
Macaronesia as a whole) as well. Photos displayed
as “C. aethiopica” are in fact referable to C. or-
ibunda (e.g. Flora de Canarias, 2014, or Interreg
Bionatura, 2014), or even belong to Crocosmia
×crocosmiiora (Lemoine) N. E. Br. (e.g. Silva et
al., 2008).
It may be useful to present a key for the iden-
tication of the two Chasmanthe species and the
closely related Crocosmia ×crocosmiora (mod-
ied from Cullen, 2011a, b and Goldblatt et al.,
2004):
1. Curved perianth tube bilateral symmetric,
perianth lobes more or less radially symmet-
ric......................... Crocosmia ×crocosmiiora
-. Curved perianth tube and also the perianth
lobes bilaterally symmetric ........................... 2
2. Plant of comparatively short size, up to 60 cm
tall (seldom more), stem unbranched. Spike
simple (or occasionally with 1 branch) arch-
ing outward to almost horizontal with 10–16
owers borne in a single congested row on
the upper side of the spike axis. Perianth tube
ca. 2.8 cm, trumpet-shaped. The lower part
(5–)7–10(–15) mm, slender and conspicuous-
ly spirally twisted through 360°, abruptly ex-
panded into a wide cylindric upper part 16–25
mm long, whose base is formed by 3 obvious
pouches. Dorsal tepal ca. 2.5 cm long. Seeds
with a eshy seed coat after the capsule walls
split, the seed coat later becomes dry and wrin-
kled. Capsules often ushed reddish to purple
inside ........................ Chasmanthe aethiopica
-. Plant robust, up to 120 cm, stem usual-
ly branched, the branches ascending. Spike
erect, mostly with 30–40 owers borne in
two opposed rows. Perianth-tube 3.8–4 cm,
trumpet-shaped, its basal part 7–8 mm, slen-
der and twisted, broadening gradually into
Figure 2. Chasmanthe oribunda, San Isidro (left,
right); Tigalate (middle), March 2014 (Photographs: R.
Otto).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
7
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
the upper part, slightly pouched at base. Dor-
sal tepal to 3.3 cm long. Seed coat hard and
shiny, never eshy. Capsule straw-colored in-
side........................................... Ch. oribunda
Chenopodium probstii Aellen in Mitt. Naturf. Ges.
Solothurn 20(8): 56 (1928) (Fig. 3) (Amaranthaceae).
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, St. Pedro, Calle La
Habana, wasteland with scattered ruderal vegeta-
tion, 25.08.2007, R. Otto 13183 (pers. herb. RO);
ibid., Barranco de la Zarcita, Camino la Muralla,
riverbed, 03.06.2013, R. Otto 20370 (pers. herb.
RO); Breña Baja, Las Ledas, roadside LP-206,
10.03.2014, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Puntallana, La
Galga, Calle Lomo Estrello near LP-1, wayside
and storage area, abundant individuals, 25.09.2013,
R. Otto 20699 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Breña
Alta, San Isidro, crossing LP-301 and Camino 1a,
roadside, 10.03.2014, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Villa de
Mazo, San Simón, roadside LP-2, several individ-
uals, 12.03.2014, R. Otto 21008 (pers. herb. RO);
Breña Alta, Camino la Laja del Barranco, wayside,
150 m, 13.03.2014, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Origin: uncertain, probably North America.
Degree of naturalization: naturalized and in sig-
nicant expansion since some years.
Chenopodium probstii is very similar to C. al-
bum L. s. str. Typical individuals are distinguished
by their leaves that are large and leathery and that
have a distinct purple pigmentation.
Commelina latifolia Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent.
Fl. Abyss. 2: 340 (1850) var. latifolia (Figs. 4–7)
(Commelinaceae).
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: San Andrés y Sauces, Cami-
no Puerto Espíndola ca. 250 m before Puerto Es-
píndola, roadside ditch and water channel below
wall of rocks, numerous large plants, creeping up
to 2 m height, 28.809215º N, 17.763857º W, 32
m, 30.08.2008, R. Otto 14390 (pers. herb. RO);
Figure 3. Chenopodium probstii, San Pedro, roadside (left); Puntallana, Calle Lomo Estrello, roadside (right), September
2013 (Photographs: R. Otto).
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8R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
ibid., 24.05.2013, R. Otto 20209 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR); San Andrés, Calle Abajo, on the edge
of the gravelly moist riverbed and on moist wall
bases of the Barranco del Agua ca. 150 m before
mouth of barranco, with Momordica charantia L.,
28.800965º N, 17.760081º W, 10 m, 03.10.2011,
R. Otto 18731 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); ibid.,
numerous seedlings, 26.05.2013, R. Otto 20260
(pers. herb. RO), 20602 (pers. herb. RO); Los
Sauces, water channel alongside LP-1 (Gener-
al Bajamar), 260 m, 07.10.2011, R. Otto 18783
(pers. herb. RO); San Andrés, wayside Camino
Cruz Grande, concrete ditch at base of wall of
banana plantation, with Cyperus esculentus L.,
08.05.2012, R. Otto 19941 (pers. herb. RO); be-
tween San Andrés and Llano del Pino, LP-104 ca.
600 m before San Andrés, base of wall of banana
plantation, numerous, 28.793662º N, 17.763031º
W, 116 m, 25.09.2013, R. Otto 20693 (pers. herb.
RO); between San Andrés and Los Sauces, on
many places alongside the entire northern part of
LP-104, particularly in roadside ditches, some-
times creeping on road surface, 25.09.2013, R.
Otto (pers. obs.).
Figure 4. Commelina latifolia, habit, Los Sauces, road-
side, September 2013 (Photograph: R. Otto).
Figure 5. Commelina latifolia, leaves and sheaths, San
Andrés, September 2013 (Photograph: R. Otto).
Figure 6. Commelina latifolia, seeds, San Andrés, Sep-
tember 2013 (Photograph: R. Otto).
Figure 7. Commelina diffusa (left) and C. latifolia
(right), comparison of owers: s = sepals, lp = lower
petal (Photographs: R. Otto).
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9
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
Origin: northeastern Africa and Yemen, reach-
ing northern Tanzania to the south and Rwanda
and Burundi to the west. Outside of its native dis-
tribution range only known from South Africa (R.
Faden, pers. comm., 2013).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized, potential-
ly invasive?
This species was rst discovered in 2006 and was
subsequently seen on several occasions, always in
the surroundings of Los Sauces where it is rm-
ly established nowadays. All known localities are
close to banana plantations. The species is proba-
bly dispersed by hydrochory (irrigation canals and
roadside ditches). In such habitats it locally forms
dense, monospecic stands.
Its vector of introduction in La Palma remains
uncertain. To our knowledge this species is not cul-
tivated as an ornamental. In East Africa it is grown
as a minor crop or pot herb (e.g. Kunkel, 1984; Van
der Burg, 2004) and this may explain its occurrence
in La Palma. In Barranco del Agua it grows in close
proximity to Momordica charantia L. and Cyperus
esculentus L., two species that are also grown as
edible or curative plants in La Palma.
Like other species of Commelina, it may also be
an impurity in commercial birdseed mixtures.
Commelina latifolia often grows along with
C. diffusa Burm. f. and Tradescantia uminensis
Vell. In the absence of owers these species can
easily be intermixed. The three species of Com-
melina known to occur in the Canary Islands, as
well as the widespread weed (and possibly over-
looked) C. communis L., are distinguished as fol-
lows (modied from Faden, 1982; R. Faden, pers.
comm., 2013):
1. Spathe margins fused at least near the base ........ 2
-. Spathe margins free to base .......................... 3
2. Leaves sessile, clasping the stem at base,
nearly glabrous above and with acicular
hairs on the midrib beneath. Flowers with re-
duced whitish lower (middle) petal and two
well developed blue upper petals. Capsule
± square, usually 4-seeded, seeds spheri-
cal, markedly textured with many wart-like
bumps .......... Commelina latifolia var. latifolia
-. Leaves mostly petiolate, ovate to ovate-ellip-
tic, base cuneate, both surfaces usually puber-
ulous. Flowers with all petals blue. Capsule
oblong-ellipsoid to subquadrate, 5-seeded,
seeds shallowly reticulate ...... C. benghalensis
3. Seeds (2–)2.5–3.5 mm long, pitted and often
rugose. Lower petal white .......... C. communis
-. Seeds 2–2.5(–3 mm) long, with a raised reticu-
lum. Lower petal blue ....... C. diffusa var. diffusa
Dichondra micrantha Urban in Symb. Antill. 9(2):
243 (1924) (Convolvulaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, Buenavista de Abajo,
garden, between cobbles, 06.08.2006, R. Otto 14376
(pers. herb. RO); Fuencaliente, below Las Indias,
hotel garden, weed (?) in lawn and wayside, abun-
dant, 18.09.2008, R. Otto 11136 (pers. herb. RO);
Garafía, St. Domingo, ower border and wayside,
numerous, 06.05.2012, R. Otto 19119 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR); Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, Calle
Salinas, hotel garden, weed in lawn, 04.06.2013, R.
Otto 20377 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Origin: probably America. Widely introduced
and naturalized in the warm-temperate and tropical
regions of the world.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T, C,
F (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized?
Dichondra micrantha is frequently planted as a
grass-substitute for lawns in La Palma and easily
escapes subsequently. Large-owered plants have
been recorded (e.g. RO 20377). These are some-
how reminiscent of D. recurvata Tharp & M. C.
Johnst. (Tharp & Johnston, 1961) but probably
merely represent cultivars of D. micrantha.
Dysphania anthelmintica (L.) Mosyakin &
Clemants in Ukrajins’k. Bot. Žurn. 59(4): 382
(2002) (Amaranthaceae).
≡ Chenopodium anthelminticum L.
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Barranco de de las Nieves
parallel Avenida las Nieves, exposed dry gravelly
riverbed, ruderal site, numerous, 25.05.2013, R.
Otto 20236 (pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta, San Isi-
dro, Barranco de Aduares, wayside, open ruderal
vegetation, 27.09.2013, R. Otto 20713 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR).
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10 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
Origin: North and Central America. Elsewhere
cultivated and increasingly naturalizing.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: C
(Verloove, 2013).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Frequently seen in barrancos, roadsides, waste
places, etc., especially in the lower zones. Often
quite abundant and much more frequent than the
similar Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin &
Clemants.
For differentiation between these species see
Verloove (2013).
Epilobium ciliatum Raf. s. l., Med. Repos., ser. 2,
5: 361 (1808) (Onagraceae).
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, ornamental plant
nursery and market garden, numerous as a weed in
and between various pots and containers, 01.09.2010,
R. Otto 17323 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Origin: North America. Widely naturalized as a
weed worldwide.
Degree of naturalization: ephemeral? Potential-
ly invasive.
Epilobium ciliatum is here accepted in a broad
sense as to include E. adenocaulon Hausskn. and
E. glandulosum Lehm. The collection cited above
appears to belong to E. ciliatum s. str. but most
collections from La Palma are ± intermediate
between the latter (with whitish or pale pinkish
petals, stems branched from near base) and E. ad-
enocaulon (pedicel in fruit less than 10 mm long,
leaves sessile). This holds true for the following
collections:
Spain, La Palma: Villa de Mazo, Calle Caridad
Salazar, near church, numerous in damp places be-
side a water channel, 13.08.2010, R. Otto 17166
(pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Breña Alta, Calle la Con-
stitución, moist place nearby public green, about
two hundred individuals closely next to each other,
23.09.2013, R. Otto 20650 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. in Observ. Bot. 5: 28
(1788) (Asteraceae).
≡ Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, harbour,
roadside, several, 22.08.1999, R. Otto 4442 (pers.
herb. RO); Breña Baja, LP-5 near airport, dry road-
side, abundant, 60 m, 19.08.2006, R. Otto 12014 (pers.
herb. RO); Barlovento, Calle Lomo Machín Alto, dry
roadside, abundant, 720 m, 19.08.2008, R. Otto 14275
(pers. herb. RO); Breña Baja, La Montaña, Calle La
Montaña, dense ruderal vegetation, 560 m, abundant,
22.08.2008, R. Otto 14290 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR); ibid., cemetery, ruderal vegetation near parking,
numerous, 22.08.2008, R. Otto 14299 (pers. herb.
RO); Breña Baja, El Socorro, roundabout, abundant
in plantation of ornamentals, 70 m, 22.08.2008, R.
Otto 14305 (pers. herb. RO); Villa de Mazo, El Pueb-
lo, roadside LP-206, abundant, 22.08.2008, R. Otto
14291 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Puntallana, Cubo
de la Galga, wayside path, laurisilva, 23.08.2008 R.
Otto 14310 (pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta, San Isi-
dro, roadside, numerous, 614 m, 30.08.2008, R. Otto
14372 (pers. herb. RO); Tijarafe, Camino Bellido,
abundant as weed in vineyard and roadside, ca. 1000
m, 23.05.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Origin: South America. Introduced and natural-
ized in Central and North America, Europe, Asia
and Africa.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: C, L
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: invasive.
Erigeron sumatrensis is a very typical plant in
disturbed places of the lower and middle altitudes,
on roadsides, wasteland, etc. It also occurs as weed
in gardens and agricultural areas and is invading
the natural vegetation as well. In La Palma this spe-
cies is more common than the similar E. oribun-
dus (Kunth) Sch.-Bip.
The American annual or biennial species of Er-
igeron (“Conyza”) known to occur in the Canary
Islands are distinguished as follows:
1. Leaves nearly glabrous above or with scat-
tered hairs along midrib only, margins dis-
tinctly ciliate (at least in lower third, ciliae
often 1 mm long). Involucral bracts nearly
glabrous. Capitulae ca. 2–4 mm wide at an-
thesis ....................................................... 2
-. Leaves densely shortly pubescent above,
margins hardly ciliate (ciliae, if present, very
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11
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
short). Involucral bracts softly hairy. Capitulae
ca. 4–10 mm wide at anthesis ........................ 3
2. Inner (tubular) orets mostly 4-lobed, ca. 10–15 per
capitulum. Ligules always present, white, distinctly
exceeding involucre. Inorescence often cylindric,
much longer than wide. Plant annual, usually yellow-
ish-green, stem not hirsute ....... Erigeron canadensis
-. Inner (tubular) orets mostly 5-lobed, ca. 4–6
per capitulum. Ligules absent or rudimentary,
not exceeding involucre. Inorescence much
broader, usually only slightly longer than wide.
Plant annual or short-lived perennial, dull grey-
ish-green, stem hirsute ............. E. oribundus
3. Leaves narrow, less than 5 mm wide, the up-
permost linear. Inorescence often with greatly
enlarged side branches overtopping the main
axis. Apex of involucral bracts often purplish.
Capitulae ca. 6–10 mm at anthesis. Pappus
brownish .................................. E. bonariensis
-. Most leaves wider, 3–20 mm wide, never linear.
Side branches of the inorescence not overtop-
ping the main axis. Apex of involucral bracts not
purplish. Capitulae ca. 4–6 mm at anthesis. Pap-
pus whitish ................................... E. sumatrensis
Erodium neuradifolium Delile ex Godr. in Mém.
Sect. Méd. Acad. Sci. Montpellier 1: 425 (1853)
(Geraniaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, harbour,
sandy storage area, with Erodium chium (L.) Willd.,
24.08.2000, R. Otto 4745 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR); ibid., Barranco de las Nieves parallel Aveni-
da las Nieves, dry gravelly riverbed, ruderal site,
25.05.2013, R. Otto 20238 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR); Breña Alta, Avenida Bajamar, unpaved parking
site before the S exit of the new road tunnel, several
individuals, 10.03.2014, R. Otto 20898 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR); Puerto de Tazacorte, Barranco de las
Angustias parallel Avenida Taburiente, river bank,
10.03.2014, R. Otto 21016 (pers. herb. RO).
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T, C,
F, L (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Erodium neuradifolium is a rare element of the
ruderal vegetation, perhaps only in the costal areas
in the climatologically mildest parts of the island.
Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Voy. Rech. Pérouse 1:
153, pl. 13 (1799) (Myrtaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Puntallana, rocky slope on Calle
Lomo Estrello, several young trees, 25.09.2013, R.
Otto (pers. obs.); ibid., Barranco Hondo de Nogales,
Calle el Corcho, rocky slope and escarpment, several
young trees, tall old trees nearby roadside, 09.03.2014,
R. Otto 20935 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Villa de
Mazo, above Tigalate, roadside LP-206, in the vicin-
ity of some old planted trees abundant seedlings and
young trees up to 2 m tall after a forest re in 08.2012,
28.563979º N, 17.796733º W, 670 m, 12.03.2014, R.
Otto 21007 (pers. herb. RO).
Origin: Australia. Extensively planted world-
wide and increasingly naturalizing.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: H, G,
T, C (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Eucalyptus globulus is a potentially very inva-
sive species (e.g. Calviño-Cancela & Rubido-Bará,
2013).
Euphorbia hypericifolia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 454 (1753)
(Euphorbiaceae).
≡ Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp.; incl. E.
glomerifera (Millsp.) L. C. Wheeler
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, Avenida Bajamar,
parking and storage area before the S entrance of
the former road tunnel, small population ca. 10
individuals, 9 m, 24.08.2000, R. Otto 4672 (pers.
herb. RO); Breña Alta, Calle Rosal, between pave-
ment slobs, scattered individuals, 15.08.2007, 265
m, R. Otto 13336 (pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta,
Avenida Bajamar, up to ca. 50 m S of the exit of
the new road tunnel, ca. 30 plants, R. Otto 14369
(pers. herb. RO); ibid.,15.08.2010, R. Otto 17179
(pers. herb. RO, conf. H.J. Esser 2011, dupl. M,
BR); ibid., from the tunnel exit alongside the for-
mer football arena over a distance of 300 m ca.
100 plants in cracks of pavement and asphalt, etc.,
partially up to 80 cm tall, with Chloris pycnothrix
Trin., 01.10.2013 and 10.03.2014, R. Otto (pers.
obs.); Sta. Cruz de La Palma, port, pier of cruisers,
border, 03.03.2014, R. Otto 20981 (pers. herb. RO).
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12 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
Origin: America. A common and increasing
weed in many temperate and subtropical regions in
the Old World.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: H, T,
C, F (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009), recently also
recorded in G (Santos-Guerra et al., 2013b).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized?
Euphorbia hypericifolia was no longer seen in
2008 in the second population cited above. Howev-
er, in Breña Alta (Avenida Bajamar) its persistence
and increase have been noticed. The plants are
woody at base, strongly rooted and therefore dif-
cult to eradicate (they readily sprout after cutting).
At present, it still is a rare element of the ruderal
vegetation but a future expansion, predominantly
in the coastal areas in the climatically mildest parts
of the island, is very likely.
The plants here concerned are quite glabrous and
belong to E. glomerifera (like all plants seen from
the Canary Islands) if this species is regarded at
specic status.
Euphorbia maculata L., Sp. Pl. 1: 455 (1753) (Eu-
phorbiaceae).
≡ Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: El Paso, Calle Sagrado Corazón,
planter, 17.08.2007, R. Otto 13371 (pers. herb. RO);
Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, Calle Salinas, border
near beach, abundant, 18.08.2007, R. Otto 13369
(pers. herb. RO); ibid., El Socorro, roundabout Calle
Cantillo, bare ground in palm plantation, numerous
individuals with E. serpens Kunth, 19.08.2008, R.
Otto 14284 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Breña Alta,
Carretera de la Cumbre (LP-3), roadside, numer-
ous, 13.08.2008, R. Otto 14252 (pers. herb. RO);
Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, hotel garden, weed in
lawn, 27.08.2009, R. Otto 14336 (pers. herb. RO);
Breña Alta, Avenida Bajamar, roadside, 15.08.2010,
R. Otto 15422 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Villa de
Mazo, Callejones, roadside LP-2 near T-junction
Carretera Dr. Morera Bravo, several, 12.03.2014, R.
Otto 21004 (pers. herb. RO).
Origin: North America. Widely introduced as a
weed in many parts of the world.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T, C
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Gamochaeta antillana (Urb.) Anderb. in Opera
Bot. 104: 157 (1991) (Asteraceae).
≡ Gnaphalium antillanum Urb.; incl. Gamochaeta
subfalcata (Cabrera) Cabrera
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Garafía, San Antonio del Mon-
te, Zona Recreativa next Ermita de San Antonio,
patchy ruderal vegetation along the enclosing wall,
15.08.2006, R. Otto 11752 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR);
Villa de Mazo, Calle Caridad Salazar, cobblestone
pavement in front of church, numerous, 15.08.2009,
R. Otto 15417 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Barloven-
to, Laguna de Barlovento, wasteland and embank-
ment of roadside, numerous, 20.08.2011, R. Otto
17241 (pers. herb. RO); Barlovento, near T-junction
LP-109 and Calle Lomo Machín Alto, heap of exca-
vation material, 690 m, 06.05.2012, R. Otto 19101
(pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); San Andrés y Sauces,
San Andrés, Calle Abajo, gravelly moist riverbed of
the Barranco del Agua ca. 150 m before mouth of
barranco, several individuals, 08.05.2012, R. Otto
19159 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Origin: America. Introduced and naturalized as a
weed in Europe and New Zealand.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: H, T
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Gamochaeta antillana is much increasing in
the past years and locally frequent, for instance in
the area around Barlovento, Breña Alta and Mazo,
where it occurs in disturbed habitats and as a weed
in agricultural elds and gardens. Up to present it
probably has been confused with G. pensylvanica
(Willd.) Cabrera in La Palma. The latter has obo-
vate-spathulate leaves.
Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. f., Spec. Bot. Ger-
an.: 27 (1759) (Geraniaceae).
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: Barlovento, Fuente Boleo on
LP-109, roadside and on slopes in the vicinity of
the source, several individuals, with Geranium
molle L., 06.05.2012, R. Otto 19108 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR).
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13
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
Origin: Eurasia and North Africa. Locally nat-
uralized elsewhere, for instance in North America
(Aedo, 2001).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized?
Hedychium coronarium J. König in Observ. Bot.
3: 73 (1783) (Fig. 8) (Zingiberaceae).
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: San Andrés y Sauces, near
Llano del Pino, moist rockface 5 m above level of
LP-104, population of some m², old escape from
cultivation, 28.793232º N, 17.767403º W, 175 m,
20.09.2013, R. Otto 20629 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR).
Origin: India to Indonesia. Widely cultivated as
an ornamental in warm-temperate and (sub-) tropi-
cal regions of the world.
Degree of naturalization: ephemeral? Potential-
ly invasive (see Silva et al., 2008) for the Azores.
Hypochaeris radicata L., Sp. Pl. 2: 811 (1753) sub-
sp. radicata (Asteraceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Barlovento, roadside LP-1, 580
m, numerous, 20.08.2004, R. Otto 10132 (pers. herb.
RO); Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Mirca, 300 m, road-
side, 20.08.2004, R. Otto 10140 (pers. herb. RO);
Tijarafe, Camino Bellido, roadside and vineyard,
ca. 1000 m, 17.08.2010, R. Otto 17208 (pers. herb.
RO); Breña Alta, Risco de la Concepción, fallow
eld, 05.03.2011, R. Otto 17651 (pers. herb. RO);
Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, waste land, numerous,
13.03.2011 R. Otto 17793 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR); El Paso, near roundabout on LP-3, wasteland,
09.05.2012, R. Otto 19267 (pers. herb. RO).
Figure 8. Hedychium coronarium, San Andrés, moist rock face, September 2013 (Photographs: R. Otto).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
14 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
Origin: Eurasia. Introduced and naturalized in
North America and Australia.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: H, G,
T, F (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H.
Perrier in Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille, sér. 3, 2:
128–132 (1914) (Fig. 9) (Crassulaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: San Andrés y Sauces, near
Puerto Espíndola, roadside, several individuals,
22.05.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Sta. Cruz de La
Palma, Calle Sebastián Arozena, many individu-
als on rocky slope, 07.03.2014, R. Otto (pers. obs.,
photo det. D. Guillot Ortiz & J. López-Pujol 2015).
Origin: Madagascar. Widely cultivated as an or-
namental and increasingly escaping in warm-tem-
perate and subtropical regions of the world.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: C
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized?
Kalanchoe daigremontiana is considered an in-
vasive species having impacts principally in dry
and arid areas of the world (e.g. Herrera et al.,
2011). However, compared with K. ×houghtonii D.
B. Ward, this species seems to be less common in
horticulture and in the wild on La Palma.
Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. Pl.
Afr. Austral. 3: 305 (1837) (Fig. 10) (Crassulaceae).
= Kalanchoe tubiora (Harvey) Hamet
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Villa de Mazo, El Pueblo, Bar-
ranco de Blas, several individuals on stone wall of
barranco, 04.05.2012, R. Otto (pers. obs.); San
Andrés y Sauces, near Llano del Pino, rocky slope
alongside LP-104, small population, 20.09.2013, R.
Otto (pers. obs.); Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, weed in
planter, 21.09.2013, R. Otto 20793 (pers. herb. RO);
San Andrés y Sauces, Puerto Espíndola, parking
and wayside, cultivated nearby, 25.09.2013, R. Otto
(pers. obs., photo conf. D. Guillot Ortiz 2014); Vil-
la de Mazo, La Salemera, wayside and rocky slope
(partially dump) close to the sea, abundant indi-
viduals with Euphorbia tirucalli L. and Kalanchoe
×houghtonii, 02.10.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Breña
Baja, Los Cancajos, Calle Los Cancajos, rocky slope,
01.03.2014, R. Otto 21017 (pers. herb. RO).
Origin: Madagascar. Widely cultivated as
an ornamental and increasingly escaping in
Figure 9. Kalanchoe daigremontiana, Sta. Cruz de la Palma, May 2013 (right); Kalanchoe ×houghtonii, Sta. Cruz de La Palma,
rooftop, June 2013 (left); Kalanchoe ×houghtonii, Los Cancajos, epiphyte on Phoenix canariensis, September 2013 (middle)
(Photographs: R. Otto).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
15
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
warm-temperate and subtropical regions of the
world.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T, C
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized?
In La Palma this species is found in similar hab-
itats as Kalanchoe ×houghtonii D. B. Ward. It is
an aggressive weed with a high invasive potential,
especially in pastures, grasslands, open woodlands
and disturbed land in subtropical, tropical and
warmer temperate regions of the world (e.g. Ba-
tianoff & Butler, 2002).
Kalanchoe ×houghtonii D. B. Ward in Cact. Succ.
J. 78(2): 94 (2006) (Fig. 9) (Crassulaceae).
= Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H.
Perrier × K. delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh.
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, near Calle San
Miguel, Barranco de Laja de Llanito, edge of dry
gravelly riverbed, several individuals, 23.05.2013,
R. Otto (pers. obs.); Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Calle el
Lomo, rooftop between tiles, 04.06.2013, R. Otto
(pers. obs.); Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, Urban-
ización Las Salinas, numerous in cracks and joints
of pavement and sidewalk, with Phyllanthus tenel-
lus Roxb., 20.09.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.); ibid.,
Calle Las Salinas, epiphytic on trunk of Phoenix
canariensis Chabaud, 23.09.2013, R. Otto (pers.
obs.); ibid., rocky slopes alongside LP-5, several
colonies, 26.09.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Villa
de Mazo, La Salemera, wayside and rocky slope
(partially dump) close to the sea, abundant indi-
viduals with Euphorbia tirucalli and Kalanchoe
delagoensis, 29.09.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.); ibid.
Camino Playa el Pocito, roadside, several individ-
uals, 02.03.2014, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Tazacorte,
Puerto, Barranco Tenisca, rocky slope, abundant,
06.03.2014, R. Otto 20894 (pers. herb. RO); Sta.
Cruz de La Palma, LP-401 crossing Barranco del
Carmen Dorador, abundant on a rocky slope below
LP-401, 250 m, 08.03.2014, R. Otto 20925 (pers.
herb. RO). Photos of all these populations det. D.
Guillot Ortiz & J. López-Pujol 2015.
Figure 10. Kalanchoe delagoensis, San Andrés, rocky slope, September 2013 (Photograph: R. Otto).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
16 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
Origin: Articial hybrid. Widely cultivated as an
ornamental and increasingly escaping in warm-tem-
perate and subtropical regions of the world.
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
In contrast to Kalanchoe daigremontiana, one
of its putative parents, this articial hybrid seems
to be not rare at all in dry disturbed habitats close
to habitations, often on rocky slopes, in roadsides,
by foot of walls, in cracks of pavement but also on
roofs, between cobbles, as a weed in ower pots
and sometimes epiphytic on palm trunks.
Kalanchoe ×houghtonii is here reported for the rst
time from the Canary Islands but it surely has wide-
ly been confused with K. daigremontiana. Compared
with the latter, it has narrowly deltoid to broadly lan-
ceolate leaf blades and dark red corollas ca. 20–25
mm long (Ward, 2008). In parts of Spain (incl. Balear-
ic Islands) K. ×houghtonii is considered an invasive
alien (e.g. Guillot Ortiz, 2008, Guillot et al., 2014).
Kickxia commutata (Bernh. ex Reichenb.) Fritsch,
Exkursions. Österreich: 492 (1897) subsp. graeca
(Bory & Chaub.) R. Fernandes in Bot. J. Linn. Soc.
64: 74 (1971) (Plantaginaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Villa de Mazo, Lodero, airport,
public green on parking, 24.08.1999, R. Otto 4695
(pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta, Subida al Mirador de la
Concepción, public green, numerous, 21.08.2004, R.
Otto 10099 (pers. herb. RO); ibid., San Pedro, Camino
la Muralla, wasteland, numerous, 30.08.2008, R. Otto
14383 (pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta, wasteland be-
tween Calle Nr. 6 and Calle Nr. 8, on bare ground, hun-
dreds of specimens, 05.06.2012, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Origin: Aegean region and Balkan Peninsula.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T, C
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
All specimens of Kickxia commutata seen so far
in La Palma belong to subsp. graeca. (Ghebrehi-
wet, 2000). Although very disjunct, this is in ac-
cordance with other Canarian records.
Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort., Fl. Belg.: 35 (1827)
subsp. integrifolia (Brot.) R. Fernandes in Bot. J.
Linn. Soc. 64: 74 (1971) (Plantaginaceae).
Subspecies new to the ora of the Canary Is-
lands.
Spain, La Palma: Villa de Mazo, Lodero, public
green at parking of the airport, 18.08.2000, R. Otto
4680 (pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta, Buenavista, Sub-
ida al Mirador de la Concepción, public green, with
Kickxia commutata subsp. graeca, 21.08.2004, R.
Otto 10099 (pers. herb. RO); ibid., Buenavista, for-
mer airport, wasteland, ground heap, 02.10.2011,
R. Otto 18728 (pers. herb. RO); San Andrés y Sauc-
es, Los Sauces, Barranco del Agua, former cultivat-
ed land and terrace wall, abundant, 14.10.2011, R.
Otto 18802 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Barlovento,
near crossroad LP-109/Calle Lomo Machín Alto,
ground heap, 690 m, 29.09.2012, R. Otto 19803
(pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Origin: southern Europe.
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
All specimens of Kickxia spuria seen so far in
La Palma belong to subsp. integrifolia, while so far
only subsp. spuria was known to occur in the Ca-
nary Islands (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Lactuca viminea (L.) J. Presl. & C. Presl., Fl.
Čech.: 160 (1890) subsp. ramosissima (All.) Ar-
cang., Fl. Ital.: 424 (1882) (Asteraceae).
Subspecies new to the ora of the Canary Is-
lands.
Spain, La Palma: Puntallana, roadside LP-4,
ca. 1950 m, numerous, 16.08.2009, R. Otto 15406
(pers. herb. RO), 15407 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR);
Garafía, Carretera al Roque de los Muchachos,
parking before observatory headquarters, 2145 m,
16.08.2009, R. Otto 15407 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR); ibid., Mirador de Los Andenes, ca. 2280 m,
alongside the path to Pared de Roberto, several,
27.05.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Garafía, roadside
LP-4, 1878 m, 27.05.2013, R. Otto 20298 (pers.
herb. RO).
Origin: Mediterranean area.
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Lactuca viminea subsp. ramosissima is character-
ized by its basally branched stems 15–50 cm tall, with
numerous short, divaricate branches (Feráková, 1977).
Populations from localities provided by Santos-Guerra
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17
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
(1983) from similar habitats should be checked; they
may also be referable to this taxon.
Landoltia punctata (G. Mey.) Les & D. J. Crawford in
Novon 9(4): 532 (1999) (Figs. 11 and 12) (Araceae).
≡ Spirodela punctata (G. Meyer) C. H. Thompson
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Cuesta
del Llano de la Cruz, water reservoir in orchard,
28.697543º N, 17.777891º W, 290 m, abundant
with Azolla liculoides Lam. and Hydrilla verticil-
lata (L. f.) Royle, 01.09.2008, R. Otto 14419 (pers.
herb. RO); San Andrés y Sauces, San Andrés, Calle
Abajo, common in puddles and small ponds of the
gravelly riverbed of the Barranco del Agua near
mouth of barranco, 18.08.2010, R. Otto 17192
(pers. herb. RO); ibid., between San Andrés and
Charco Azul, small water reservoir, 03.10.2011,
R. Otto 18734 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); San An-
drés y Sauces, near Llano del Pino, LP-104, road-
side ditch, 28.793232º N, 17.767403º W, 175 m,
20.09.2013, R. Otto 20636 (pers. herb. RO).
Origin: possibly native to southeastern Asia and
Australia. Now invading all Nearctic, Afrotropi-
cal and Neotropical regions of the world (Landolt,
2000).
Degree of naturalization: invasive.
In La Palma (and probably in the other Canari-
an Islands as well) Landoltia punctata is an over-
looked species or it may have been misidentied (as
Lemna gibba L. or L. minor L.). Particularly on the
northeast side of La Palma it is a relatively frequent
aquatic weed in water reservoirs, roadside ditches,
etc. Sometimes it even extends to riverbeds in ba-
rrancos. It is a reputed aggressive weed and the rst
aquatic plant species that has developed resistance to
certain herbicides (Koschnick et al., 2006).
Recently, another non-native duckweed was re-
corded for the rst time from the Canary Islands
(Lemna minuta Kunth in Gran Canaria; see Ver-
loove, 2013). It may be useful to present a sim-
plied identication key for the species thus far
known to occur:
1. Roots absent ............................ Wolfa arrhiza
-. Roots present ................................................. 2
2. Roots 2–6. Mature fronds 3–5(–8) mm across,
obovate, ca. 1.5–2 times longer than wide, low-
er surface often reddish…. Landoltia punctata
-. Roots solitary ................................................. 3
3. Fronds with a single vein ................ L. minuta
-. Fronds with 3–5 veins ..................................... 4
4. Fronds gibbous (swollen) ................... L. gibba
-. Fronds not gibbous ............................ L. minor
Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke in
Bonplandia (Hannover) 5(18): 295, 297 (1857)
subsp. capitatospicatum (Kuntze) S. R. Hill in
Brittonia 32(4): 476 (1980) (Fig. 13) (Malvaceae).
Subspecies new to the ora of the Canary Is-
lands.
Spain, La Palma: Tazacorte, weed in banana
plantation, 15.08.2000, R. Otto 4749 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR); Puerto de Tazacorte, Barranco Te-
nisca, near the sewage station, dry roadside, numer-
ous individuals, with Sida spinosa L., 28.656278º N,
Figure 11. Landoltia punctata, Eichhornia crassipes,
Helosciadium nodiorum and Polypogon viridis, San
Andrés, October 2013 (Photograph: R. Otto).
Figure 12. Landoltia punctata, detail of fronds, August
2011 (Photographs: R. Otto).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
18 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
17.940412º W, 16.08.2006, R. Otto 11986 (pers.
herb. RO, dupl. BR); ibid., numerous, 06.03.2014,
R. Otto 20892 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Origin: Argentina, Bolivia and Galápagos Is-
lands.
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
The collections cited above correspond in every
detail with subsp. capitatospicatum, not with subsp.
coromandelianum. They are characterized by having
dense, glomerate axillary inorescences (vs. owers
usually solitary), larger leaves with adaxial leaf sur-
face with 4-rayed hairs (simple hairs absent) and its
very prominently cuspidate fruits (Hill, 1982).
Subsp. coromandelianum also occurs in La Pal-
ma, although perhaps less frequently so. For instance:
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Bar-
ranco de las Nieves parallel Avenida de las Nieves,
gravelly riverbed with Waltheria indica L., sev-
eral, 05.03.2014, R. Otto 20886 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR).
The three taxa of Malvastrum known to occur
in the Canary Islands are distinguished as follows
(modied from Hill, 1982; and Correll & Correll,
1982):
1. Mature carpels without apical awn, at most
with a blunt protuberance less than 0.2 mm.
Staminal column sparsely pubescent. Adaxial
leaf surface mostly with 4(–5) rayed stellate
hairs …………………….. M. corchorifolium
-. Mature carpels with an apical awn more than
0.2 mm and two dorsal spines. Staminal col-
umn glabrous. Adaxial leaf surface with 4
rayed stellate or with simple hairs .................. 2
2. Annual or perennial herb with several main
stems to about 1 m tall. Flowers solitary in leaf
axils, somewhat apically congested with age.
Adaxial leaf surface usually covered with sim-
ple hairs ..................... M. coromandelianum
subsp. coromandelianum
-. Mostly perennial herb with single main stem up to
1.5 m tall. Flowers in congested axillary racemes.
Adaxial leaf surface usually covered with bilateral
4 rayed stellate hairs .......... M. coromandelianum
subsp. capitatospicatum
Oenothera jamesii Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer.
1(3): 493 (1840) (Fig. 14) (Onagraceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, San Isidro, road-
side LP-301, ca. 600 m, 5 individuals, 30.08.2004,
R. Otto 10094 (pers. herb. RO, det. K. Rostański
2005 as Oenothera longissima Rydb.); ibid., three
plants, 28.09.2012, R. Otto 19795 (pers. herb.
RO); Villa de Mazo, rocky slope of roadside LP-
206, several individuals, self-sown, 28.629832º N,
17.779039º W, 410 m, 15.08.2009, R. Otto 15416
Figure 13. Mature carpels of the three taxa of Malvastrum
on La Palma: M. corchorifolium (a), San Andrés, August
2009, priv. herb. R. Otto 18764; M. coromandelianum
subsp. coromandelianum (b), Sta. Cruz de La Palma, March
2014, priv. herb. R. Otto 20886; M. coromandelianum sub-
sp. capitatospicatum (c), Puerto de Tazacorte, March 2014,
priv. herb. R. Otto 20892 (Photograph: R. Otto).
Figure 14. Oenothera jamesii, Mazo, roadside, Sept-
ember 2010 (left); San Isidro, roadside at night, August
2004 (right) (Photographs: R. Otto).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
19
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
(pers. herb. RO); ibid., two fruiting individuals and
several rosettes, 12.03.2014, R. Otto 20997 (pers.
herb. RO); Breña Alta, Barranco de la Zarcita,
Camino la Muralla, wasteland in dry gravelly riv-
erbed, ca. 25 plants, self-sown, 01.09.2010, R. Otto
17322 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Origin: North America, naturalized in Japan, South
Africa and in the Canary Islands (Dietrich et al., 1997).
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized?
Perhaps initially a garden escape, Oenothera
jamesii is here conrmed from the Canary Islands.
This species and O. longissima Rydb. are closely
related and not easily separated. However, in the
La Palma specimens, ower buds are quadrangu-
lar and oral tubes persistent on the ovary after an-
thesis, characteristic features of O. jamesii. Other
characters (capsule and seed, leaf width; see Diet-
rich et al., 1997) seem to be less reliable.
Oenothera jamesii has been reported from Tener-
ife before but this species probably no longer occurs
there (A. Reyes-Betancort, pers. comm., 2009).
Orobanche nana (Reut.) Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19:
91 (1890) (Orobanchaceae).
≡ Phelipanche nana (Reut.) Soják
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Villa de Mazo, Camino Monte
de Pueblo, sweet potato eld, several individuals,
08.03.2001, R. Otto 17691 (pers. herb. RO); ibid.,
ower garden, several, 12.03.2014, R. Otto 20996
(pers. herb. RO).
Origin: S Europe, N Africa, W Asia and Maca-
ronesia.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: H, G,
T, C (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized?
Oxalis latifolia Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 237, t. 467
(1821) (Oxalidaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Villa de Mazo, El Pueblo, po-
tato eld, numerous, 15.08.2005, R. Otto 11243
(pers. herb. RO); San Andrés y Sauces, Charco
Azul, banana plantation, 23.08.2009, R. Otto 15458
(pers. herb. RO); ibid., Los Sauces, Calle Higueri-
tas, sweet potato eld, 330 m, 02.10.2012, R. Otto
19821 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); ibid., Los Sauc-
es, public green opposite townhall, weed in ower
bed, abundant, 04.09.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Origin: Mexico and Peru. Widely naturalized as
a weed in mild climates.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T, C,
F (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: invasive.
Oxalis latifolia is a very common and trouble-
some weed in gardens, public greens, agricultural
elds, orchards, etc.
Papaver hybridum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 506 (1753) (Papa-
veraceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Tijarafe, Camino Bellido, abun-
dant as weed in vineyard, ca. 1000 m, 26.08.2010,
R. Otto 17283 (pers. herb. RO); ibid., Lomo de las
Breveras, wasteland, numerous, ca. 1100 m, with
P. setigerum DC., 23.05.2013, R. Otto 20413 (pers.
herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Origin: Mediterranean area, Macaronesia. Natu-
ralized in North America.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: H, G,
T, C, F, L (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Papaver setigerum DC., Fl. Franc. ed. 3, 5: 585
(1815) (Papaveraceae).
≡ Papaver somniferum L. subsp. setigerum (DC.)
Arcang.
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Tijarafe, Camino Bellido, as
weed in vineyard, ca. 1000 m, 23.09.2007, R. Otto
13329 (pers. herb. RO); Barlovento, Laguna de Bar-
lovento, wasteland and storage area, 06.05.2012, R.
Otto 19100 (pers. herb. RO); Tijarafe, Lomo de las
Breveras, wasteland, ca. 1100 m, with P. hybridum
L., 23.05.2013, R. Otto 20194 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR).
Origin: Eurasia.
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20 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T, C,
F, L (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. in Danske Vidensk.
Selsk. Skr. ser. 5, 2: 296 (1851) (Urticaceae).
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: Los Llanos de Aridane, Argual,
T-junction LP-1and LP-2, weed in irrigated green
space, roadside and roadside ditch, numerous individ-
uals, 16.08.2006, R. Otto 8772 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR); Fuencaliente, gas station on LP-2, roadside and
green space, 738 m, 22.08.2006, R. Otto 9317 (pers.
herb. RO, dupl. BR); Villa de Mazo, Lodero, roadside
in front of banana plantation near airport, 20.08.2009,
R. Otto (pers. obs.); Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, ho-
tel garden, weed in lawn, numerous in disc of palm
trunks, 30.08.2009, R. Otto 15528 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR); Sta. Cruz de La Palma, harbour mole,
weed in planters, 12.10.2011, R. Otto 18796 (pers.
herb. RO, dupl. BR); Breña Alta, San Pedro, orna-
mental plant nursery and market garden, numerous in
various pots, 09.10.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Origin: tropical America. Widely cultivated or-
namental (“artillery plant”) but also a troublesome
weed in garden centers and nurseries.
Degree of naturalization: naturalized (locally)?
Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague, Fl. Cap.
4(2): 450 (1904) (Fig. 15) (Bignoniaceae).
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: Barlovento, former cultivated
land on Travesía Casco Urbano, now widely over-
grown, 29.09.2012, R. Otto 19802 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR); Breña Alta, San Pedro, slope alongside
Camino de Barranco de Aguacencio, 23.05.2013,
R. Otto 20180 (pers. herb. RO); Sta. Cruz de La
Palma, alongside Carretera Timibúcar, rock fac-
ing a former cultivated area, now overgrown with
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Cardiospermum gran-
diorum Sw. and Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Brit-
ton & Rose, ca. 80 m, 02.10.2013, R. Otto 20748
(pers. herb. RO).
Origin: South Africa. Widely cultivated in the
tropics and subtropics as a climbing ornamental.
Degree of naturalization: naturalized (locally),
potentially invasive?
Podranea ricasoliana is a frequent escape from
cultivation, especially in the lower zones (up to
ca. 600 m), mostly in the eastern and northern
parts of the island. It overgrows rocks, stone walls
Figure 15. Podranea ricasoliana, Barlovento, September 2013 (Photographs: R. Otto).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
21
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
and embankments, former agricultural elds and
gardens. This species grows so vigourously that
wild and planted populations are often hard to dis-
tinguish.
Polygonum arenastrum Boreau, Fl. Centre France
(ed. 3), 2: 559 (1857) (Polygonaceae).
= P. aviculare subsp. depressum (Meisn.) Arcang.
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: Villa de Mazo, Lodero, near
airport, roadside LP-205, 24.08.1999, R. Otto 1464
(pers. herb. RO, conf. R. Wißkirchen 2013); Breña
Alta, near San Pedro, Barranco de la Zarcita, waste-
land alongside Camino la Muralla, 03.09.2010, R.
Otto 17330 (pers. herb. RO, det. R. Wißkirchen
2013, dupl. BR); ibid., San Isidro, roadside LP-
301, near km 18, 13.10.2011, R. Otto 18801 (pers.
herb. RO, conf. R. Wißkirchen 2013); San Andrés
y Sauces, on LP-104 (TF-V-8113) from Bermúdez
(resp. LP-1) 150 m towards San Andrés, agricul-
tural storage areas with Chloris pycnothrix Trin.,
215 m, 26.05.2013, R. Otto 20271 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR); Breña Alta, Carretera de la Cumbre
(LP-3), Zona Industrial El Molino, wasteland with
ruderal vegetation, several, 230 m, 03.06.2013, R.
Otto 20385 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Tijarafe,
Aguatavar, parking roadside LP-1, several individ-
uals, 04.09.2013, R. Otto 20760 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR).
Origin: Europe. Widely naturalized in North
America.
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Portulaca granulatostellulata (Poelln.) C. Ricceri
& Arrigoni in Parlatorea 4: 93 (2000) (Portulaca-
ceae).
≡ P. oleracea L. subsp. granulatostellulata (Po-
elln.) Danin & H. G. Baker
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
public green, 07.09.2005, R. Otto 11103 (pers. herb.
RO); Sta. Cruz de La Palma, El Puente, pavement,
28.08.2007, R. Otto 19419 (pers. herb. RO, det J.
Walter 2013); ibid., harbour, cobbles, 01.09.2007,
R. Otto 19327 (pers. herb. RO, conf. J. Walter
2013); Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, Calle Salinas,
sandy beach, 17.05.2012, R. Otto 19326 (pers. herb.
RO, conf. J. Walter 2013); San Andrés y Sauces,
Puerto Espíndola, harbour, parking, 02.10.2012,
R. Otto 19833 (pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta, Zona
Industrial El Molino, roadside and wasteland with
ruderal vegetation alongside the street, several, 230
m, 09.10.2012, R. Otto 19862 (pers. herb. RO);
Fuencaliente, Las Indias, near Playa de Zamorra,
roadside, between banana plantations, numerous,
31.05.2013, R. Otto 20341 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR); Breña Alta near San Pedro, Barranco de la
Zarcita, roadside and wasteland on Camino la Mu-
ralla, 03.06.2013, R. Otto 20323 (pers. herb. RO);
Villa de Mazo, Lodero, roadside, between banana
plantation, 09.10.2013, R. Otto 20785 (pers. herb.
RO) [selection of about 35 collections].
Origin: subcosmopolitan. Probably the most
common microspecies of the Portulaca oleracea
aggregate (Danin et al., 1978).
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: H, T,
C, L (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Portulaca granulatostellulata appears to be the
most common (micro-) species of the genus in La
Palma. However, the separation of this taxon and P.
papillatostellulata (Danin & H. G. Baker) Danin is
not always straightforward and specimens with in-
termediate seed morphology have frequently been
observed. This holds true for the following collec-
tions:
Spain, La Palma: Tazacorte, El Time, Barranco
de Las Angustias, roadside, 02.09.2006, R. Otto
19423 (pers. herb. RO, det. J. Walter 2013); San
Andrés y Sauces, Puerto Espíndola, harbour, park-
ing, 15.08.2007, R. Otto 19424 (pers. herb. RO,
det. J. Walter 2013); Sta. Cruz de La Palma, har-
bour, cobbles, 01.09.2007, R. Otto 19422 (pers.
herb. RO, det. J. Walter 2013); San Andrés y Sauc-
es, San Andrés, Calle Abajo, numerous individuals
in the gravelly moist riverbed of the Barranco del
Agua ca. 100 m before mouth of barranco, 10 m,
18.08.2010, R. Otto 19328 (pers. herb. RO, det. J.
Walter 2013); Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, Calle Las
Salinas, parking, rough border, 30.08.2010, R. Otto
17305 (pers. herb. RO, det. J. Walter 2013); Fuen-
caliente, Las Indias, near hotel, roadside, between
banana plantations, 07.05.2012, R. Otto 19150
(pers. herb. RO, det. J. Walter 2013).
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22 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
Similar intermediate seed morphology also oc-
curs in the species pair Portulaca nitida (Danin &
H. G. Baker) C. Ricceri & Arrigoni / P. oleracea L.
[= Portulaca oleracea subsp. stellata Danin & H.
G. Baker, P. stellata (Danin & H. G. Baker) Ric-
ceri & Arrigoni] (J. Walter, pers. comm., 2013).
The taxonomy of the Portulaca oleracea species
complex is not uncontested. The existence of plants
with more or less intermediate seed morphology
may suggest that a lower taxonomic rank for these
taxa is perhaps more appropriate.
Portulaca nicaraguensis (Danin & H. G. Baker)
Danin in Lagascalia 26: 73 (2006) (Fig. 16) (Por-
tulacaceae).
≡ P. oleracea L. subsp. nicaraguensis Danin & H.
G. Baker
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Tazacorte, Puerto de Taza-
corte, planter, 26.08.2006, R. Otto 19322 (pers.
herb. RO, conf. J. Walter 2013); Tijarafe, El Time,
roadside LP-1, 20.08.2007, R. Otto 19356 (pers.
herb. RO, conf. J. Walter 2013); Tazacorte, Barran-
co de las Angustias, roadside LP-1, 02.09.2007, R.
Otto 19320 (pers. herb. RO, conf. J. Walter 2013);
Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Avenida Marítima, cobbles,
02.09.2008, R. Otto 19323 (pers. herb. RO, conf. J.
Walter 2013); Fuencaliente, Las Indias, Carretera la
Costa Cerca Vieja, ca. 1 km away from hotels, ro-
adside, alongside banana plantation, 07.05.2012, R.
Otto 19148 (pers. herb. RO, conf. J. Walter 2013);
ibid., Playa de Zamorra, roadside between banana
plantations, 31.05.2013, R. Otto 20342 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR); Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, Calle
Salinas, parking place, rough border, with Digi-
taria radicosa (J. Presl) Miq., 14.08.2010, R. Otto
(pers. obs.).
Origin: probably Central America (Nicaragua,
Mexico). Now also as a weed in the warm-temper-
ate and subtropical regions of the Old World.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
This seems to be the most thermophilous (mi-
cro-) species from the Portulaca oleracea L. aggre-
gate in La Palma. It is restricted to the hottest and
driest zones of the island. With its bluish metallic
seeds covered with wax, it also is one of the easiest
to distinguish.
Portulaca nitida (Danin & H. G. Baker) C. Ricceri
& Arrigoni in Parlatorea 4: 93 (2000) (Portulacace-
ae).
≡ P. oleracea L. subsp. nitida Danin & H. G. Baker
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, La De-
hesa, wayside, 12.08.2007, R. Otto 13318 (pers.
herb. RO, conf. J. Walter 2013); ibid., in mango
plantation, 12.08.2007, R. Otto 13420 (pers. herb.
RO, conf. J. Walter 2013); Tazacorte, Puerto de Ta-
zacorte, planters, 08.2008, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Sta.
Cruz de La Palma, Calle Díaz Pimienta, planters,
01.10.2013, R. Otto 20735 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR).
Origin: probably North America. Now widely
naturalized as a weed elsewhere.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T, L
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Portulaca papillatostellulata (Danin & H. G. Baker)
Danin in Lagascalia 26: 76 (2006) (Portulacaceae).
≡ P. oleracea L. subsp. papillatostellulata Danin &
H. G. Baker
Figure 16. Portulaca nicaraguensis, Las Indias, May
2013 (Photograph: R. Otto).
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23
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: San Andrés y Sauces, Puer-
to Espíndola, harbour, rough border, 15.08.2007,
R. Otto 13419 (pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta, new
hospital, border, 01.09.2007, R. Otto 17858 (pers.
herb. RO, conf. J. Walter 2013), Sta. Cruz de La
Palma, La Dehesa, mango plantation, storage area,
numerous individuals, 01.06.2013, R. Otto 20346
(pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Origin: New World (essentially northern and
Central America). Widely introduced and natural-
ized elsewhere.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Rumex crispus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 335 (1753) subsp.
crispus (Polygonaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, San Antonio, fal-
low land, 15.08.2001, R. Otto 6752 (pers. herb.
RO); Breña Alta, San Pedro, Camino de Bar-
ranco de Aguacencio, fallow land and wayside,
15.08.2001, R. Otto 6756 (pers. herb. RO); Sta.
Cruz de La Palma, Carretera las Nieves, wasteland,
18.08.2005, R. Otto 11133 (pers. herb. RO); Breña
Alta, San Isidro, Camino la Piedad, embankment,
numerous, 12.05.2012, R. Otto (pers. obs.); ibid.,
above San Isidro, near crossing LP-301and Canal
de Fuencaliente, fallow land, numerous individ-
uals, 27.09.2013, R. Otto 20711 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR); Garafía, San Antonio del Monte, fallow
land, numerous, 30.09.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Origin: Eurasia. Introduced and naturalized al-
most worldwide.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: G, T,
C, L (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Rumex crispus is a fast spreading weed in La
Palma.
Rumex pulcher L., Sp. Pl. 1: 336 (1753) subsp.
pulcher (Polygonaceae).
Subspecies new to the ora of the Canary Is-
lands.
Spain, La Palma: Garafía, San Antonio del Mon-
te, several individuals in the surroundings of the
Ermita de San Antonio, on bare ground, 920 m,
15.08.2001, R. Otto 6753 (pers. herb. RO); ibid.,
Llano Negro, potato eld, 1000 m, 15.08.2003, R.
Otto 8561 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); ibid., San
Antonio del Monte, roadside Calle San Antonio,
ruderal vegetation, 01.09.2005, R. Otto 11218
(pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Barlovento, Barranco
de Topaciegas, roadside LP-1, 30.09.2013, R. Otto
20721 (pers. herb. RO).
Origin: southern and western Europe, North Af-
rica, Southwest Asia. Widely introduced and natu-
ralized elsewhere, for instance in North America.
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
In the northern parts of La Palma subsp. pulcher
seems to be more frequent than subsp. divaricatus
(L.) Arcang.
Rumex ×pratensis Mert. & W. D. J. Koch, Deutschl.
Fl. ed. 3, 2: 609 (1826) (Polygonaceae).
= Rumex obtusifolius L. subsp. obtusifolius × R.
crispus L.
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, San Isidro, near
crossing LP-301 and Canal de Fuencaliente, road-
side, with the parent species, three individuals,
28.05.2013, R. Otto 20308 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR); ibid., near San Pedro, Barranco de la Zarci-
ta, roadside and wasteland on Camino la Muralla,
23.09.2013, R. Otto 20649 (pers. herb. RO).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
This mostly sterile hybrid may occur where-ever
the parent species grow in close proximity.
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2(2):
1150 (1800) (Cucurbitaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: near Puerto Tazacorte, slope of
Barranco de las Angustias, 15.08.2001, R. Otto 6720
(pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta, San Isidro, roadside,
24.08.2005, R. Otto 11146 (pers. herb. RO); Pun-
tallana, La Galga, El Pósito, former cultivated land,
with Delairea odorata L., 20.09.2013, R. Otto (pers.
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
24 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
obs.); ibid., slopes on Calle Lomo Estrello near Pun-
to Limpio, abundant wild individuals overgrowing
the barranco, 25.09.2013, R. Otto 20700 (pers. herb.
RO); Breña Alta, San Pedro, alongside Camino de
Barranco de Aguacencio, 23.05.2013, R. Otto (pers.
obs.); Sta. Cruz de La Palma, alongside Carretera Ti-
mibúcar, rock facing a former cultivated area, ca. 80
m, 02.10.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Origin: tropical America. Widely cultivated for
its edible fruit elsewhere and frequently escaping
and naturalizing.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: C
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009), T (Verloove & Rey-
es-Betancort, 2011).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized and locally
invasive.
Especially in the lower zones in the northern part
of La Palma Sechium edule locally behaves like
an aggresive invader (a transformer in the sense
of Richardson et al., 2000). Elsewhere a frequent
but ephemeral escape (see also Verloove & Rey-
es-Betancort, 2011).
Sida spinosa L., Sp. Pl. 2: 683–684 (1753) var.
angustifolia (Lam.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 1: 74
(1859) (Malvaceae).
≡ S. angustifolia Lam.
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: Tazacorte, Puerto de Taza-
corte, Barranco Tenisca, surroundings of the sew-
age station on LP-120, in ruderal vegetation of
roadside, numerous, with Sida rhombifolia L.
var. maderensis (Lowe) Lowe and Malvastrum
coromandelianum (L.) Garcke subsp. capitatos-
picatum (Kuntze) S. R. Hill, 16.08.2006, R. Otto
12019 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); ibid., roadside,
28.656239º N, 17.940446º W, 37 m, ca. 100 indi-
viduals, 06.03.2014, R. Otto 20891 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR).
Origin: pantropical.
Degree of naturalization: naturalized (locally).
Silene nocturna L., Sp. Pl. 1: 416 (1753) (Caryo-
phyllaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, San Pedro, thero-
phyte association beside the road, 14.03.2011, R.
Otto 17816 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Origin: Mediterranean area, western Asia, Mac-
aronesia. Introduced as a weed in North America.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: G, T,
C, F, L (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized?
Solanum abutiloides (Griseb.) Bitter & Lillo in
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 136 (1913) (Fig.
17) (Solanaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, Miranda, near
Calle Camelias, weed in orchard, several shrubs,
with Solanum mauritianum L., 26.08.2005, R. Otto
20553 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); ibid., garden
wall, 05.05.2012, R. Otto 19073 (pers. herb. RO);
ibid., near Calle San Miguel, Barranco de Laja
de Llanito, edge of dry gravelly riverbed, sever-
al small individuals and one bush about 2 m tall,
12.05.2012, R. Otto 19207 (pers. herb. RO); ibid.,
Camino la Laja del Barranco, riverbed beneath
Carretera el Zumacal, some tree-like bushes up to 3
m tall, 13.03.2014, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Origin: Argentina and Bolivia.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T
(Verloove & Reyes-Betancort, 2011).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized. Potential-
ly an invasive weed.
In recent years Solanum abutiloides is increasing
in the surroundings of El Llanito, San Miguel and
Miranda (Breña Alta).
Solanum alatum Moench, Methodus: 474 (1794)
(Solanaceae).
= S. villosum Mill. subsp. miniatum (Bernh. ex
Willd.) Edmonds
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Garafía, Parque Cultural La
Zarza, several, 15.08.2001, R. Otto 6705 (pers.
herb. RO); Puntallana, Cubo de la Galga, laurisilva,
wayside, several, 15.08.2002, R. Otto 7703 (pers.
herb. RO); San Andrés y Sauces, Los Sauces, road-
side, 15.08.2003, R. Otto 8540 (pers. herb. RO);
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25
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
Sta. Cruz de La Palma, LP-4, roadside, 650 m,
05.09.2008, R. Otto 14402 (pers. herb. RO); Breña
Alta, above San Isidro, LP-301, roadside, 900 m,
numerous, 12.10.2011, R. Otto 18787 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR); ibid., near Refugio del Pilar, park-
ing, Pinar, several, 1450 m, 14.05.2012, R. Otto
19236 (pers. herb. RO).
Origin: Old World. Now a cosmopolitan weed.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: H, T,
C, L (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009). See also Ver-
loove & Reyes-Betancort (2011).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Solanum decipiens Opiz, Ökon. Fl. Böhm. 3: 24
(1841) (Solanaceae).
= Solanum nigrum L. subsp. schultesii (Opiz) Wes-
sely
New to the ora of the Canary Islands.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, above San Isidro,
near Refugio del Pilar, parking, Pinar, several indi-
viduals, 1450 m, 14.05.2012, R. Otto 19520 (pers.
herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Origin: precise origin unknown (see Edmonds &
Chweya, 1997), distributed in Australia and Europe.
Degree of naturalization: ephemeral? Potential-
ly weedy.
Solanum decipiens is perhaps overlooked in the
Canary Islands because of its great similarity to S.
nigrum L. Both species are easily distinguished by
their hair types: S. decipiens is abundantly hairy
with hairs mostly glandular and patent, whereas
S. nigrum is usually sparsely hairy with hairs ap-
pressed and eglandular.
Sonchus tenerrimus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 794 (1753) (As-
teraceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Figure 17. Solanum abutiloides, San Miguel, May 2013 (Photographs: R. Otto).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
26 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, new hospi-
tal, roadside and ornamental ower bed, weedy,
15.08.2004, R. Otto 10128 (pers. herb. RO); Breña
Alta, Avenida Bajamar, roadside and public green,
13.08.2009, R. Otto 15412 (pers. herb. RO); Sta.
Cruz de La Palma, Las Nieves, edge of parking,
spreading in dense ruderal vegetation, 04.03.2011,
R. Otto 17628 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Breña
Alta, Buenavista, former airport, excavation mate-
rial overgrown with ruderal vegetation, abundant,
10.03.2011, R. Otto 17613 (pers. herb. RO); ibid.,
10.03.2011, R. Otto 17725 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR); ibid., San Pedro, public green before Mu-
seo de Puros, weedy, also as epiphyte on trunks of
Phoenix canariensis, 28.04.2012, R. Otto 18975
(pers. herb. RO).
Origin: Mediterranean area, Macaronesia. Intro-
duced elsewhere as a weed, for instance in North
America and Australia.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: H, G,
T, C, F, L (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Sonchus tenerrimus is a frequent and very vari-
able species of disturbed habitats, roadsides, rocks
and walls. It was also seen epiphytic on Phoenix
canariensis Chabaud.
Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rumel.
1: 213 (1843) (Caryophyllaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
Calle Salinas near beach, cracks in pavement,
12.08.2008, R. Otto 14259 (pers. herb. RO); Breña
Alta, Calle el Fuerte, ruderal beach area below
Zona Industrial, numerous, 28.08.2008, R. Otto
14368 (pers. herb. RO); Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
Calle Salinas, small ruderal wasteland, 21.05.2013,
R. Otto 20152 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); ibid.,
wasteland near former sewage works, 25.05.2013,
R. Otto 20254 (pers. herb. RO); Sta. Cruz de La
Palma, Calle Abenguareme, coastal zone, bare
ground, 02.10.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Origin: Eurasia. It has become subcosmopolitan.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T, C,
F, L (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Stellaria pallida (Dumort.) Crépin, Man. Fl. Bel-
gique (ed. 2): 19 (1866) (Caryophyllaceae).
≡ S. media (L.) Vill. subsp. pallida (Dumort.) Asch.
& Graebn.
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
Calle Salinas, border of ower bed, 13.03.2011,
R. Otto 17790 (pers. herb. RO); San Andrés y
Sauces, San Andrés, Calle Plaza, numerous in
plantation of palms, 29.04.2012, R. Otto 18976
(pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta, San Pedro, Calle
del Cura, cobbles, abundant, 30.04.2012, R. Otto
18999 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Sta. Cruz de La
Palma, Calle el Pilar, cobbles, 12.03.2014, R. Otto
(pers. obs.).
Origin: Europe. Introduced and naturalized in
North America and Mexico.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: L
(Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Stellaria pallida seems to be not rare but over-
looked and/or often confused with the very similar
S. media (L.) Vill.
Tragopogon porrifolius L., Sp. Pl. 2: 789 (1753)
subsp. australis (Jord.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.:
462 (1879) (Asteraceae).
Subspecies new to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Tijarafe, Camino Bellido,
weedy in vineyard, several individuals, 28.08.2008,
R. Otto 14360 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Garafía,
Las Tricias, Calle Cruz de Llanito near church, road-
side, 790 m, 06.05.2012, R. Otto 19127 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR).
Origin: Europe, western Asia, North Africa. In-
troduced and naturalized in North America, Pacic
Islands and Australia.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands.: G, T,
C (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009, without indication
of subspecies).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
All specimens of Tragopogon porrifolius
seen so far in La Palma belong to this subspe-
cies.
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27
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
Tribulus terrestris L., Sp. Pl. 1: 387 (1753) (Zygo-
phyllaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Puerto de Tazacorte, Barran-
co de las Angustias, roadside, 15.08.2001, R. Otto
6668 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Los Llanos de
Aridane, LP-2 near Argual, wasteland and road-
side, 20.08.2007, R. Otto 13339 (pers. herb. RO);
LP-2, between Argual and Tazacorte, roadside,
numerous individuals, 27.08.2008, R. Otto 14365
(pers. herb. RO).
Origin: warm-temperate and tropical regions of
the Old World. Widely naturalized as a weed in the
New World.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: T, C,
F (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized on the west
side of La Palma.
Trifolium repens L., Sp. Pl. 2: 767 (1753) subsp.
repens (Fabaceae).
New to the ora of La Palma.
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, new hospital, weed
in lawn, several, 18.08.2001, R. Otto 6715 (pers.
herb. RO); Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, Calle Sali-
nas, near beach, lawn weed, 07.05.2012, R. Otto
(pers. obs.); Garafía, La Mata, roadside, 1040 m,
27.05.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Breña Alta, San
Pedro, storage area for construction material,
30.05.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Breña Alta, Aveni-
da Bajamar, weed in lawn, 05.03.2014, R. Otto
20887 (pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta, Barranco de
la Zarcita, grass-covered path, 07.03.2014, R. Otto
20912 (pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta, San Isidro,
Barranco de Aduares, overgrown path, 11.03.2014,
R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Origin: Europe. Widely naturalized in Africa,
America, Asia and Australia.
Known distribution in the Canary Islands: H, C,
F (Acebes Ginovés et al., 2009), recently also re-
corded in T (Santos-Guerra et al., 2013b).
Degree of naturalization: naturalized.
Trifolium repens is introduced as lawn weed and
much increasing in the past years. It is also spread-
ing to natural habitats. Confusion with the related
and very similar T. occidentale Coombe, recently
also found in identical habitats in La Palma (see
below), is not unlikely (Coombe, 1961; Coombe &
Morisset, 1967).
Ephemeral taxa
New to the ora of the Canary Islands
Ajuga reptans L. (Lamiaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Los Llanos de Aridane, Calle
Díaz Pimienta, weed in lawn, 27.08.2010 and
29.05.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.); ibid., Calle Real,
abundant as weed in lawn, 29.05.2013, R. Otto
20333 (pers. herb. RO).
Avena hispanica Ard. [= Avena strigosa Schreb.
subsp. agraria (Brot.) Tab. Morais] (Poaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, San Isidro, LP-
301 below Montaña La Pavóna, San Isidro, near
crossing LP-301 and Canal de Fuencaliente, fallow
land and roadside, scattered individuals, 680 m,
30.08.2008, R. Otto 14375 (pers. herb. RO).
Bellis perennis L. (Asteraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, hotel
garden, weed in Stenotaphrum lawn, scattered indi-
viduals, 04.06.2013, R. Otto 20375 (pers. herb. RO).
Buddleja davidii Franch. (Scrophulariaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, Calle el Rosal,
rough building area, three small bushes, 15.08.2007,
R. Otto 13320 (pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta, San
Isidro, Camino la Pavóna, fallow land, 24.08.2007,
R. Otto 13325 (pers. herb. RO).
Canna glauca L. (Cannaceae).
Spain, La Palma: San Andrés y Sauces, LP-104
near San Andrés, 200 m N of T-junction LP-1042,
small moist barranco between banana plantations,
with Canna indica L. and Colocasia esculenta (L.)
Schott, 70 m, 25.09.2013, R. Otto 20691 (pers.
herb. RO; photo conf. D. Guillot Ortiz 2014).
Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae).
Spain, La Palma: San Andrés y Sauces, LP-104
near Llano del Pino, crack in concrete roadside
ditch, ca. 60 cm tall and owering, repeatedly trun-
cated and therefore with sidebranches and bushy,
22.09.2013, R. Otto 20646 (pers. herb. RO).
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28 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange subsp. minus
(Plantaginaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Tijarafe, Camino Bellido, ca.
1000 m, rare as weed in vineyard, 23.08.2007, R.
Otto 13269 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex. W. D. J.
Koch & Ziz (Amaranthaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, above San Isidro,
near crossing LP-301 and Canal de Fuencaliente,
dense ruderal vegetation by roadside, numerous,
690 m, 25.08.2005, R. Otto 11224 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR); ibid., 25.08.2005, R. Otto 11231 (pers.
herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai (Cu-
curbitaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, Calle Rosal, roadside,
22.08.2005, R. Otto 11164 (pers. herb. RO); Breña
Baja, Los Cancajos, wasteland near former sewage
works, 25.05.2013, R. Otto 20247 (pers. herb. RO).
Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L. (Polygonaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Plaza
de San Fernando, public green and wayside, many
seedlings between fallen leaves under the parent
bushes, 04.06.2013, R. Otto 20393 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR); Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, Calle Sali-
nas, many seedlings, weedy in border, 09.03.2014,
R. Otto 20958 (pers. herb. RO).
Crassula tetragona L. (Crassulaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, Buenavista, former
airport, edge of the former airstrip, some individu-
als of different age close to each other, 08.03.2014,
R. Otto 20928 (pers. herb. RO; photo conf. D. Guil-
lot Ortiz 2014).
Cucumis melo L. (Cucurbitaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, Miranda, road-
side LP-202, three individuals, 23.05.2013, R. Otto
20184 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (Cucurbitaceae).
Spain, La Palma: San Andrés y Sauces, Camino
Puerto Espíndola ca. 250 m before Espíndola, moist
ditch and water channel below wet rocks, several
large individuals creeping some meters over the dense
vegetation, with Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis,
Bidens pilosa L., Cyperus eragrostis Lam., Galium
aparine L., Helosciadium nodiorum (L.) W. D. J.
Koch, Melia azedarach L., Sechium edule (Jacq.)
Sw., Solanum nigrum L., 28.809215º N, 17.763857º
W, 32 m, 24.05.2013, R. Otto 20210 (pers. herb. RO).
Also seen several times in similar locations, e.g. Los
Sauces (Barranco del Agua), San Pedro (Barranco de
la Zarcita) and Sta. Cruz de La Palma (Barranco de las
Nieves), 10.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Probably native to Central America, now widely
cultivated as vegetable. In La Palma it is the most
commonly cultivated Cucurbita species and some-
times escaping. Wild occurrences are probably re-
lated with sewage works or birdseed.
Cuphea hyssopifolia Kunth (Lythraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, San Pedro, pub-
lic green, irrigated lawn, formerly planted nearby
as ornamental in owerbeds and now spreading,
22.08.2009, R. Otto 15455 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR); ibid., 05.03.2014, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Digitaria nuda Schumach. (Poaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
Calle Amargavinos, newly arranged disc of palm
trunks, 17.05.2012, R. Otto 19259 and 19260 (pers.
herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Possibly overlooked and/or confused with Dig-
itaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler. The six species of
Digitaria known to occur in the Canary Islands are
distinguished as follows (modied from Clayton
& Renvoize, 1982; Goetghebeur & Van der Veken,
1989; Verloove, 2008; and Wilhalm, 2009):
1. Most spikelets ternate (in groups of three on
the rachis). Upper glume about as long as
spikelet. Upper lemma dark brown at maturi-
ty ................................. Digitaria violascens
-. Most spikelets binate (in pairs on the rachis).
Upper glume always distinctly shorter than
spikelet. Upper lemma pale at maturity ........... 2
2. Plant perennial, caespitose. Culm
erect ............................................ D. nodosa
-. Plant annual (rarely short lived perennial).
Culms often straggling .................................. 3
3. Rachis smooth (or with few very small
prickles). Plant slender, with 2–3(–4) ra-
cemes ............................................ D. radicosa
-. Rachis scabrous throughout, with numerous,
very distinct prickles. Plant usually with more
numerous racemes.......................................... 4
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29
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
4. Lower glume absent or an obscure rim (at
most 0.1 mm long). Spikelets 1.7–2.5(–2.8)
mm long ............................................ D.nuda
-. Lower glume always present, at least 0.2 mm
long. Spikelets 2.5–3.5 mm long ................... 5
5. Lateral nerves of lower lemma scabrous (al-
most) throughout. Upper glume at most ½ as
long as spikelet ........................ D. sanguinalis
-. Lateral nerves of lower lemma smooth (or
rarely with a few prickles in the upper third).
Upper glume usually more than ½ as long as
spikelet .......................................... D. ciliaris
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Fig. 11)
(Pontederiaceae).
Spain, La Palma: San Andrés y Sauces, San
Andrés, small water reservoir, several individu-
als, with Landoltia punctata (G. Mey.) Les & D.
J. Crawford, Helosciadium nodiorum W. D. J.
Koch, Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. and algal
bloom, 03.09.2013, R. Otto 20750 (pers. herb. RO).
Euphorbia leucocephala Lotsy (Euphorbiaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
between pavement slabs alongside a front garden,
some individuals, 01.10.2012, R. Otto 19819 (pers.
herb. RO).
Euphorbia tirucalli L. (Euphorbiaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, above Los Cancajos,
some small individuals alongside LP-5 and on the rocky
slope, originating from specimens planted as ornamen-
tals, 23.09.2012, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Sta. Cruz de La
Palma, Miranda, small and partially lled barranco on
LP-4, with Agave sp., Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr.,
Kleinia neriifolia Haw., Opuntia sp. and Rumex lunar-
ia L., shrub ca. 150 cm tall, 09.03.2014, R. Otto 20955
(pers. herb. RO); Villa de Mazo, La Salemera, some
small individuals on a rocky slope (partially dump)
close to the sea, with Kalanchoe ×houghtonii, throw-
out, 02.10.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Possibly overlooked and under-recorded. Fallen
branches easily root and throw-outs may survive
for many years on barranco slopes, wasteland, etc.
Felicia amoena Levyns subsp. amoena (Asteraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, Las Breñas, road-
side, foot of wall, small bush, escaped from culti-
vation, 30.08.2008, R. Otto 14378 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR).
Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi Raym.-Hamet & H. Perri-
er (Crassulaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
surroundings of Urbanización Las Salinas 3,
wasteland, former throw-out, several owering
individuals, 02.03.2014, R. Otto 20841 (pers.
herb. RO; photo conf. D. Guillot Ortiz 2014);
San Andrés y Sauces, San Andrés, water channel
alongside Calle San Sebastián, 09.03.2014, R.
Otto 20947 (pers. herb. RO; photo conf. D. Guil-
lot Ortiz 2014).
Lotus corniculatus L. (Fabaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, San Pedro, public
green, as weed in lawn, with Cerastium fontanum
Baumg. subsp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet
and Lolium perenne L., 15.08.2003, R. Otto 8601
(pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Maurandya barclaiana Lindl. [≡ Asarina barcla-
iana (Lindley) Pennell] (Plantaginaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, El
Puente, construction site, joint of step, 03.10.2012,
R. Otto 19839 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); ibid.,
10.10.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Medicago ×varia Martyn (Fabaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, dry
wasteland near former sewage station, several in-
dividuals, 23.09.2013, R. Otto 20665 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR).
Melampodium montanum Benth. (Asteraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, San Pedro, roadside
near public green, some individuals, 19.08.2006, R.
Otto 11371 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Nerium oleander L. (Apocynaceae).
Spain, La Palma: San Andrés y Sauces, Puer-
to Espíndola, Camino Puerto Espíndola, a two
years old individual about 30 cm tall, roadside
between foot of a stone wall and asphalted sur-
face, 28.09.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Breña
Baja, Los Cancajos, Calle Los Cancajos, foot of
wall, 02.03.2014, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Sta. Cruz
de La Palma, Barranco de las Nieves alongside
Avenida Manuel Gónzales Méndez, two fruit-
ing individuals of 2 m tall in cracks of foot of
concrete wall, 05.03.2014, R. Otto 20883 (pers.
herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
30 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
Oxalis adenophylla Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. (Ox-
alidaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Tijarafe, Camino Bellido, vine-
yard, under planted Juniperus bushes, probably in-
troduced with plant containers, scattered individu-
als, 21.08.2009, R. Otto 15450 (pers. herb. RO).
Pascalia glauca Ortega [≡ Wedelia glauca (Orte-
ga) Hicken] (Asteraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Caserío
Miranda, dry waste land, ca. 15 plants, 15.08.2002,
R. Otto 12482 (pers. herb. RO); ibid., 08.2003, R.
Otto (pers. obs.).
Passiora mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey (Fig.
18) (Passioraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Puntallana, Barranco de la
Galga, trail to Cubo de la Galga, ca. 1.5 km up-
hill parking, edge of the riverbed, one (?) vigorous
plant climbing in Rubus scrub, 23.08.2008, R. Otto
14318 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. (Boraginaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, Avenida Bajamar,
scattered in freshly sown grass border, 19.08.2007,
R. Otto 13294 (pers. herb. RO).
Plerandra elegantissima (Veitch ex Mast.) Lowry,
G. M. Plunkett & Frodin [≡ Schefera elegantis-
sima (Veitch ex Mast.) Lowry & Frodin ≡ Dizy-
gotheca elegantissima (Veitch ex Mast.) R. Vig. &
Guillaumin] (Araliaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, El Puente,
seedling as weed in Dracaena pot, 24.09.2013, R. Otto
(pers. obs.); Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, Calle Salinas, ho-
tel garden and in front of hotel, many seedlings and small
individuals, weedy under bushes and in disturbed lawn,
also in cracks of pavement, cultivated specimens nearby,
10.03.2014, R. Otto 21013 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Rumex cristatus DC. (Polygonaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, Camino la Piedad,
embankment, 28.645845º N, 17.800424º W, ca. 10
Figure 18. Passiora mollissima, Barranco de la Galga, August 2008 (Photographs: R. Otto).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
31
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
vigorous plants, 12.05.2012, R. Otto 19202 (pers.
herb. RO, dupl. BR); ibid., 09.03.2014, R. Otto
(pers. obs.).
Sagina apetala Ard. subsp. erecta (Hornem.) F.
Herm. (= Sagina micropetala Rauschert = S. li-
caulis Jord. ≡ S. apetala auct. non Ard.) (Caryo-
phyllaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
Calle Amargavinos, disc of palm trunks, numerous
with Digitaria radicosa (J. Presl) Miq., 17.05.2012,
R. Otto 19256 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
In the Canary Islands this species may have been
overlooked and/or confused with the very similar
Sagina apetala subsp. apetala L.
Silene armeria L. (Caryophyllaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
Calle Cantillo, roadside, foot of retaining wall, sev-
eral individuals, 21.05.2013, R. Otto 20141 (pers.
herb. RO).
Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda (Commelinaceae).
Spain, La Palma: San Andrés y Sauces, San An-
drés, Barranco del Agua, on top of retaining wall
of banana plantation, 03.09.2013, R. Otto 20754
(pers. herb. RO); Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, Calle
Salinas, waste land, throw-out, small individual,
02.03.2014, R. Otto 20856 (pers. herb. RO).
Trifolium occidentale Coombe (Fabaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, Avenida Bajamar,
freshly sown grass border, several, with Trifoli-
um repens, 19.08.2007, R. Otto 13272 (pers. herb.
RO); ibid., abundant in lawn, 24.09.2013, R. Otto
20671 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Xanthium cf. saccharatum Wallr. (Asteraceae)
(det. R. Wisskirchen).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Bar-
ranco de las Nieves below Plaza San Fernando,
dry exposed gravelly riverbed, a single individ-
ual, 25.05.2013, R. Otto 20231 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR).
Zoysia pacica (Goudswaard) M. Hotta & Kuroki
[≡ Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. var. pacica Gouds-
waard] (Poaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Puerto de Tazacorte, T-junc-
tion Avenida del Emigrante and LP-2, creeping out
of the green space with Stenotaphrum Trin. lawn
nearby, 30.04.2012, R. Otto 19095 (pers. herb.
RO); Los Llanos de Aridane, Argual, junction LP-
1and LP-2, many patches in the holey asphalt of
the Camino del Álamo and roadside, creeping out
of the green space with Stenotaphrum lawn nearby,
285 m, 30.09.2012, R. Otto 19807 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR).
New to the ora of La Palma
Acacia cyclops A. Cunn. ex G. Don (Fabaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Villa de Mazo, El Pueblo, Bar-
ranco de Blas, slope, escape from nearby planta-
tion, 04.05.2012, R. Otto 19057 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR).
Acalypha supera Forssk. (= Acalypha brachys-
tachya Hornem.) (Euphorbiaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
as weed in hotel garden (also abundant in green-
house), 01.09.2008, R. Otto 14396 (pers. herb. RO,
conf. H. J. Esser 2011, dupl. M, BR).
Acanthus mollis L. (Acanthaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Barlovento, Laguna de Bar-
lovento, waste land, embankment of dumping site
for excavation material, 20.08.2010, R. Otto 17254
(pers. herb. RO); San Andrés y Sauces, Los Sauces,
Camino Mirador de Llano Clara, rocky slope, way-
side, small population, ca. 470 m, relic of cultiva-
tion?, 02.06.2013, R. Otto 20360 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR).
Agave attenuata Salm-Dyck (Asparagaceae s. l.,
Agavoideae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
Barranco Amargavino, 18.08.2000, R. Otto (pers.
obs.); Sta. Cruz de La Palma, LP-401 crossing
Barranco del Carmen Dorador, forest track, two
rosettes, 260 m, 24.09.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.);
Breña Alta, San Pedro, Camino Barranco de Agua-
cencio, wayside, some overgrown individuals, R.
Otto (pers. obs.); ibid., Breña Baja, El Socorro,
Barranco de Aguacencio, Camino la Laja del Bar-
ranco, riverbed, several rosettes, with Sansevieria
trifasciata Prain.,13.03.2014, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Aloe maculata All. [= Aloe saponaria (Aiton)
Haw.] (Xanthorrhoeaceae s. l., Asphodeloideae).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
32 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, embankment
on LP-202 between San Pedro y Las Ledas,
24.05.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.; photo det. D. Guil-
lot Ortiz 2014); ibid., Camino la Piedad, rocky
slope, wayside, 30.05.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.);
Sta. Cruz de La Palma, LP-401 crossing Barranco
del Carmen Dorador, rocky slope between roadside
and forest path in the riverbed, some several years
old clusters, with numerous Kalanchoe ×houghto-
nii nearby, 255 m, 24.09.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Some of the plants found in the wild in La Palma
may belong to hybrid complexes involving Aloe
maculata, rather than the true species itself.
Amaranthus blitum L. subsp. emarginatus (Salzm.
ex Moq.) Carretero, Muñoz Garm. & Pedrol (Ama-
ranthaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
wasteland near former sewage works, 23.09.2013,
R. Otto 20664 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Amaranthus graecizans L. subsp. sylvestris (Vill.)
Brenan (Amaranthaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Garafía, Franceses, corn eld,
numerous individuals, with Malva nicaeensis All.,
20.08.2002, R. Otto 7528 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Amaranthus muricatus (Moq.) Hieron. (Ama-
ranthaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
beach, border and planting of palm trees and other
ornamentals close to the sea, numerous, 23.08.2000,
R. Otto 4688 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Garafía,
Llano Negro, Calle Cueva de Agua, roadside, nu-
merous, 01.09.2005, R. Otto 11240 (pers. herb. RO).
Amaryllis belladonna L. [= Brunsvigia rosea
(Lam.) L. S. Hannibal] (Amaryllidaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Barlovento, Travesía Ca-
sco Urbano, former cultivated land, numerous,
25.09.2013, R. Otto 20715 (pers. herb. RO); sur-
roundings of Barlovento, several times and often
numerous and large clumps by roadsides, em-
bankments, near abandoned houses, former gar-
dens, etc., 25.09.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs. RO);
Breña Alta, Barranco de la Zarcita, wasteland in
riverbed, small clumps, probably former throw-
out, 23.09.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Garafía, La
Mata, former cultivated land alongside the LP-1,
04.09.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Anacyclus clavatus (Desf). Pers. (Asteraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, San Isidro, Bar-
ranco de Aduares, dirt road, 12.05.2012, R. Otto
19213 (pers. herb. RO); ibid., San Pedro, Barran-
co de la Zarcita, Camino la Muralla, fallow land,
23.09.2013, R. Otto 20654 (pers. herb. RO).
Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. (Polygonaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Los Llanos de Aridane, LP-1
from Argual to Barranco de las Angustias, roadside,
cracks in concrete drain gutter and foot of retaining
wall, some specimens escaped from nearby cultiva-
tion, 16.08.2006, R. Otto 12029 (pers. herb. RO).
Avena strigosa Schreb. subsp. strigosa (Poaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, above San Isidro, LP-
301 near km 4, fallow land and roadside, abundant, 670
m, 12.05.2012, R. Otto 19203 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch (Brassicaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Garafía, St. Domingo, con-
struction site, ruderal vegetation on excavation
material, several plants, 06.05.2012, R. Otto 19123
(pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold [= Thevetia peru-
viana (Pers.) Schum.] (Fig. 19) (Apocynaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, near
Urbanización Las Salinas 3, former cultivated land,
shrubby ruderal vegetation with Artemisia thuscula
Cav. and Kleinia neriifolia Haw. alongside Calle
Salinas, solitary shrub, 03.05.2012, R. Otto 19046
(pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques (As-
paragaceae s. l., Agavoideae).
Spain, La Palma: Villa de Mazo, El Pueblo, Bar-
ranco de Blas parallel Calle Caridad Salazar, sever-
al individuals growing out the stone wall and at foot
of wall, with Centranthus ruber (L.) DC., Crassu-
la multicava Lem., Impatiens walleriana Hook. f.
and Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh. nearby,
11.03.2014, R. Otto 20986 (pers. herb. RO).
Coffea arabica L. (Rubiaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Barranco de Juan Mayor, edge
of banana plantation, several seedlings below a
many years old planted bush and also in the grav-
elly riverbed nearby, 07.10.2013, R. Otto 20772
(pers. herb. RO).
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33
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
Crassula ovata (Mill.) Druce (= Crassula argentea
Thunb.) (Crassulaceae).
Spain, La Palma, Breña Baja, alongside Calle los
Cancajos, several individuals on escarpments and
rocky slopes, 16.08.2008, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Villa
de Mazo, El Pueblo, Barranco de Blas parallel Calle
Caridad Salazar, slope and stonewall, escaped from
cultivation nearby, several individuals, 04.05.2012,
R. Otto (pers. obs.; photo det. D. Guillot Ortiz 2014);
Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Caserío la Portada, barranco
slope, throw-out, several individuals, 09.03.2014, R.
Otto 20946 (pers. herb. RO).
Euphorbia cyathophora Murray (Euphorbiaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, El
Puente, weedy in ower pot, several seedlings and
small individuals, 01.10.2013, R. Otto 20738 (pers.
herb. RO); Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, base of wall
and edge of parking, several small bushes in dense
ruderal vegetation, with Sida rhombifolia L. var.
canariensis K. Schum. and Tithonia diversifolia A.
Gray, 03.10.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam. [= Ligularia
tussilaginea (Burm. f.) Makino] (Asteraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
small parking, several vigorous plants in cracks of
pavement, ca. 50 m away from cultivated plants
(there also many seedlings), 20.09.2013, R. Otto
20792 (pers. herb. RO).
Fumaria ofcinalis L. (Papaveraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Barlovento, Laguna de Bar-
lovento, overgrown heaps of excavation material
and construction waste, several individuals climb-
ing in dense ruderal vegetation, 26.08.2009, R.
Otto 15482 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR); Sta. Cruz
de La Palma, La Dehesa, mango plantation, many
individuals between trees and on rocky slopes,
03.10.2011, R. Otto 18742 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR).
Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br. (Proteaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, El
Puente, construction site, joint of paved stairs,
Figure 19. Cascabela thevetia, Los Cancajos, former cultivated land with dense shrubby ruderal vegetation, with Kleinia
neriifolia and Artemisia thuscula, May 2013 (Photographs: R. Otto).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
34 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
07.10.2012, R. Otto (pers. obs.); ibid., Velhoco,
roadside LP-101, seedling ca. 50 cm tall, growing
out of a retaining wall, 19.09.2013, R. Otto 20627
(pers. herb. RO); ibid., La Dehesa, parking before
sport centre, many seedlings under planted tree
but also some individuals along nearby roadside,
24.09.2013, R. Otto 19262 (pers. herb. RO); Villa
de Mazo, El Pueblo, Calle Caridad Salazar, some
seedlings in cobbles and also in the barranco near-
by, 22.05.2013, R. Otto 20160 (pers. herb. RO).
Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass. (Asteraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Barlovento, Laguna de Bar-
lovento, roadside near entrance to the camping site,
27.08.2007, R. Otto 13256 (pers. herb. RO).
Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
wasteland near former sewage station, 25.05.2013,
R. Otto 20250 (pers. herb. RO).
Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle (Hydrocharitaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Cuesta
del Llano de la Cruz, water reservoir in orchard,
28.697543º N, 17.777891º W, 290 m, with Lan-
doltia punctata (G. Mey.) Les & D. J. Crawford
and Azolla liculoides Lam., 15.08.2003, R. Otto
14420 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Much reminiscent of Elodea canadensis Michx.
and possibly overlooked.
Impatiens sodenii Engl. & Warb. (= I. oliveri C. H.
Wright ex W. Watson) (Fig. 20) (Balsaminaceae).
Spain, La Palma: San Andrés y Sauces, San An-
drés, Camino Cruz Grande, between banana plan-
tations, 35 m, 03.09.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Ga-
rafía, La Mata, roadside LP-1, 1040 m, 04.09.2013,
R. Otto 20764 (pers. herb. RO); Villa de Mazo, Calle
Caridad Salazar near church, walls of Barranco de
Blas, 01.06.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Garafía, Calle
Don Pedro between LP-1 and Don Pedro, roadside,
escaped from cultivation, ca. 800 m, 30.09.2013, R.
Otto 20719 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Cultivated as ornamental but less frequently so
than Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. and much rarer
as an escape.
Lobelia erinus L. (Campanulaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, El Puente,
several seedlings between cobbles, 15.05.2012, R.
Otto 19486 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Malcolmia maritima (L.) R. Br. (Brassicaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos, pub-
lic green, several individuals in lawn, with Lobularia
maritima (L.) Desv. and Commelina diffusa Burm. f.,
weedy, 19.9.2013, R. Otto 20619 (pers. herb. RO).
Malva nicaeensis All. (Malvaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Barlovento, Franceses, weed
in corn eld, several individuals, with Amaran-
thus graecizans L., 20.08.2002, R. Otto 7812 (pers.
herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Medicago sativa L. s. l. (Fabaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Montaña de Breña,
edge of parking, several, 530 m, 03.09.2002, R.
Otto 7507 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Melilotus albus Medik. (Fabaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Fuencaliente, Los Canarios, LP-
209, parking, dry bare ground, several individuals,
07.05.2012, R. Otto (pers. obs.); Breña Alta, Carretera
de la Cumbre (LP-3), Zona Industrial El Molino, dry
waste area with gappy ruderal vegetation alongside
the street, several individuals, 230 m, 21.05.2013, R.
Otto 20142 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Mentha ×piperita L. var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq. (La-
miaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Puntallana, Casco Urbano,
sidewalk, growing out of water pipe, 25.09.2013,
R. Otto 20694 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Figure 20. Impatiens walleriana, San Andrés, Septem-
ber 2011 (left) and Impatiens sodenii, Don Pedro, Sep-
tember 2013 (right) (Photographs: R. Otto).
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35
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
Morus alba L. (Moraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Puntallana, La Galga, Barranco
de la Galga, wayside, several shrubs, 05.10.2012,
R. Otto 19848 (pers. herb. RO).
Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Barran-
co de las Nieves parallel Avenida las Nieves, dry
gravelly riverbed, gappy ruderal vegetation, two
individuals, 25.05.2013, R. Otto 20245 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR); San Andrés y Sauces, near San An-
drés, rocky slope on LP-104, several individuals,
25.09.2013, R. Otto 20686 (pers. herb. RO).
Opuntia monacantha (Willd.) Haw. (= O. vulgaris
Mill.) (Cactaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, San Isidro, small
barranco alongside LP-301, 700 m, 10.03.2014,
R. Otto 20964 (pers. herb. RO); ibid., Miranda,
wayside at foot of stone wall, cultivated nearby,
24.05.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.; photo conf. D.
Guillot Ortiz 2014).
Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. subsp. maroccana (Au-
rich & Podlech) Greuter [≡ Asteriscus spinosus (L.)
Sch. Bip. subsp. maroccanus Aurich & Podlech]
(Fig. 21) (Asteraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Tijarafe, Camino Bellido, sev-
eral individuals on dry wasteland alongside a vine-
yard, 1100 m, 23.08.2007, R. Otto 13289 (pers.
herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Passiora edulis L. (Passioraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Barran-
co de las Nieves parallel Avenida las Nieves, edge
of dry gravelly riverbed, some vigorous and fruit-
ing individuals, 03.10.2012, R. Otto 19837 (pers.
herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Phalaris minor Retz. (Poaceae).
Spain, La Palma: El Paso, Centro de Visi-
tantes del Parque Nacional, border near entrance,
30.04.2012, R. Otto 18992 (pers. herb. RO).
Plumbago auriculata Lam. (Plumbaginaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Baja, Los Cancajos,
Urbanización Las Salinas 2, ruderal wasteland
alongside Calle Salinas, small shrub, 03.05.2012,
R. Otto 19044 (pers. herb. RO); Sta. Cruz de La
Palma, Carretera Timibúcar (LP-202), damp rock
facing roadside, 02.10.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.);
ibid., Calle Sebastián Arozena, rocky slope, little
shrub, 02.10.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Portulaca oleracea L. [= Portulaca oleracea sub-
sp. stellata Danin & H. G. Baker = Portulaca stel-
lata (Danin & H. G. Baker) C. Ricceri & P. V. Ar-
rigoni] (Portulacaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, La De-
hesa, mango plantation, storage area, numerous in-
dividuals, 01.06.2013, R. Otto 20340 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR).
Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Barran-
co de las Nieves, crack of wall, 28.05.2013, R. Otto
20395 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, La
Dehesa, small barranco between fruit plantations,
planted specimens nearby, 24.09.2013, R. Otto
20669 (pers. herb. RO); Puntallana, Casco Urbano,
wasteland, 25.09.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Senecio angulatus L. f. (Asteraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Puerto Naos, wasteland be-
tween houses, in ruderal vegetation, escape from
nearby cultivation, 29.05.2013, R. Otto 20420 (pers.
herb. RO); Garafía, La Mata, 1040 m, spreading in
roadside of LP-1, 04.09.2013, R. Otto 20763 (pers.
herb. RO).
Figure 21. Pallenis spinosa subsp. spinosa (left), Breña
Alta, August 2008, priv. herb. R. Otto 14329 and Pal-
lenis spinosa subsp. maroccana (right), Tijarafe, August
2007, priv herb. R. Otto 20964 (Photograph: R. Otto).
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36 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. (Fabaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, Pla-
za de San Fernando, public green, many seedlings
under bushes and scattered in cracks of sidewalk,
25.05.2013, R. Otto 20233 (pers. herb. RO).
Sisymbrium orientale L. (Brassicaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Garafía, St. Domingo, ruderal
vegetation on construction waste, roadside, several
plants, 06.05.2012, R. Otto 19125 (pers. herb. RO,
dupl. BR).
Solandra maxima (Sessé & Moc.) P. S. Green (Fig.
22) (Solanaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Sta. Cruz de La Palma, bar-
ranco slope near San Telmo on Carretera Timi-
búcar, roadside, climbing out of overgrown garden,
05.03.2011, R. Otto 17650 (pers. herb. RO); Sta.
Cruz de La Palma, crossroads LP-1 and Caserío
Miranda, waste ground, overgrows ca. 200 m² of
ruderal vegetation (with e.g. Ricinus communis
L., Nicotiana glauca Graham and Kleinia nerii-
folia Haw.), 28.698606º N, 17.761019º W, 127 m,
09.03.2014, R. Otto 20934 (pers. herb. RO).
Solanum bonariense L. (Solanaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, San Pedro, em-
bankment at the edge of parking below Plaza Bu-
jaz, ca. 5 bushes up to 2 m tall in dense ruderal
vegetation, 27.09.2012, R. Otto 19779 (pers. herb.
RO, dupl. BR); ibid., only two small shrubs left af-
ter partial destruction of the location, 01.10.2013,
R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Solanum chenopodioides Lam. (= S. gracile Dunal
= S. sublobatum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) (Fig. 23)
(Solanaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, San Isidro, near-
by junction of Carretera de San Isidro and Cami-
no 1a, foot of enclosure wall, bush ca. 1 m tall,
Figure 22. Solandra maxima, Sta. Cruz de La Palma, overgrows ca. 200 m² of ruderal vegetation, March 2014 (Photographs:
R. Otto).
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37
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
02.09.2010, R. Otto 17314 (pers. herb. RO, dupl.
BR). The very same plant, but partially truncated,
also seen 28.09.2012, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
Solanum mauritianum L. (Solanaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, Miranda, near Calle
Camelias, weed in orchard with Solanum abutiloi-
des Bitter & Lillo, several tall bushes, 26.08.2005,
R. Otto 11128 (pers. herb. RO); Barlovento near
Cuesta Baja, Barranco de Abreu, embankment,
07.10.2011, R. Otto 18765 (pers. herb. RO).
Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth (Fig. 24) (Bigno-
niaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Fuencaliente, Las Indias, sur-
roundings of hotels, several shrubs up to 50 cm, gutter
and foot of retaining wall, planted nearby, 31.05.2013,
R. Otto 20339 (pers. herb. RO); Breña Baja, Los Can-
cajos, Urbanización Las Salinas 3, wasteland and
small tip near housing area, several seedlings and
small shrubs, a planted individual in a front garden on
the other side of the street, 22.09.2013, R. Otto 20644
(pers. herb. RO).
Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Spach (Bignoniaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, slope of a small bar-
ranco between San Miguel and San Pedro, 23.05.2013,
R. Otto 20181 (pers. herb. RO); Breña Alta, near San
Isidro, roadside LP-301, escaped on rocky slope,
20.09.2013, R. Otto 20790 (pers. herb. RO).
Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D. R. Hunt (≡ Setcrea-
sea pallida Rose) (Commelinaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Puntallana, near El Granel,
roadside LP-1, base of retaining wall, small carpet,
25.09.2013, R. Otto 20701 (pers. herb. RO).
Trifolium suffocatum L. (Fabaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Barlovento, Laguna de Bar-
lovento, wasteland and dirt road near entrance of
Figure 23. Solanum chenopodioides, San Isidro, September 2010 (Photographs: R. Otto).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
38 R. OTTO & F. VERLOOVE
camping site, numerous individuals, 01.05.2012, R.
Otto 19015 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Ulmus minor Mill. (Ulmaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, San Pedro, Cami-
no Barranco de Aguacencio, some wild bushes
on slopes of the dry riverbed, 23.05.2013, R. Otto
20182 (pers. herb. RO, dupl. BR).
Veronica persica Poir. (Plantaginaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, Avenida Bajamar,
newly arranged border, scattered individuals, per-
haps indroduced with grass seed, 19.08.2007, R.
Otto 13268 (pers. herb. RO); ibid., San Pedro, Bar-
ranco de la Zarcita, wayside, numerous individuals,
07.03.2014, R. Otto 20907 (pers. herb. RO).
Vicia sativa L. subsp. sativa (Fabaceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, San Isidro, as weed
in sweet potato eld, 13.10.2011, R. Otto 18799
(pers. herb. RO); ibid., fallow land, perhaps for-
mer oat eld, 13.10.2011, R. Otto (pers. obs.); ibid.,
waste land, in ruderal vegetation, 12.05.2012, R.
Otto 19210 (pers. herb. RO).
Xanthium spinosum L. [≡ Acanthoxanthium spi-
nosum (L.) Fourr.] (Asteraceae).
Spain, La Palma: Breña Alta, near San Pedro,
Barranco de la Zarcita, wasteland along Camino la
Muralla, several individuals, 30.08.2008, R. Otto
14388 (pers. herb. RO); ibid., several seedlings,
03.06.2013, R. Otto (pers. obs.).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
R. Faden (Washington, USA) is acknowledged for his pre-
cious advice on Commelina latifolia Hochst. ex A. Rich., and
D. Guillot Ortiz (Valencia, Spain) and J. López-Pujol (Bar-
celona, Spain) for their help with the identication of several
ornamental species. G. Wagenitz (Göttingen, Germany) and
S. Freire (La Plata, Argentina) are thanked for identifying
species of Gamochaeta, J. Walter (Vienna, Austria) for the
revision of many Portulaca specimens and R. Wißkirchen
(Remagen, Germany) for his support with Polygonum and
Xanthium. Special thanks go to H. Scholz † (Berlin-Dahlem,
Germany) for his continuous help with the identication of
and many discussions on several different species of Poace-
ae. Finally, the rst author is much indebted to his wife Herta
and his many friends in La Palma; they are thanked for their
patience and understanding.
Figure 24. Tecoma stans, Las Indias, May 2013 (Photographs: R. Otto).
Collectanea Botanica vol. 35 (enero-diciembre 2016), e001, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2016.v35.001
39
New xenophytes from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
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