JACKFRUIT: A HEALTH BOON

Full text

Arora Tejpal & Parle Amrita / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 7(3), May - Jun 2016
59
Review Article
www.ijrap.net
JACKFRUIT: A HEALTH BOON
Arora Tejpal * and Parle Amrita
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
Received on: 02/03/16 Revised on: 10/05/16 Accepted on: 22/05/16
*Corresponding author
E-mail: tejpalarora5@gmail.com
DOI: 10.7897/2277-4343.073113
ABSTRACT
Jackfruit, botanically known as Artocarpus heterophyllus, grows in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. The Jackfruit can be used
raw as vegetable and ripe as fruit. The Jackfruit is an extremely versatile and sweet tasting fruit that possesses high nutritional value. From the time
immemorial, the whole jackfruit tree is used as a traditional medicine. Artocarpus heterophyllus has multifaceted medicinal properties. The medicinal
properties of Jackfruit include anti-asthmatic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, hypoglycemic, antimalarial, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-
arthritic, anti-helmintic, anti-inflammatory, ant carcinogenic, anti platelet, antiviral, anti tubercular, anti atherosclerotic activities. It has also shown
wound healing effect and causes decrease in the sexual arousal, libido, performance and vigor in men. The present paper reviews the Introduction,
Geographical distribution, history, cultivation, uses, strange facts, side effects, synonyms, varieties, nutritional value, botanical description,
taxonomical classification, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities along with the current trends in research on jackfruit.
Keywords: Artocarpus heterophyllus, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity.
INTRODUCTION
A ‘Moraceae family’ member- Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam,
well known as Jackfruit, is an age old plant. Jackfruit is the
largest tree-borne fruit in the world which can weigh from a
mere 3 kilograms to 36 Kilograms. A full mature jackfruit can
have a length of 36 inches and width that extends to 20 inches.
Major two types of varieties soft flesh and firm flesh are found.
Some jackfruit varieties can reach up to 100 feet in height and
there are some dwarf varieties like black gold that restrict up to
only 10- 20 feet height. Jackfruits have a distinctive, sweet and
fruity aroma.
The word "jackfruit" comes from Portuguese jaca, which is
derived from the Malayalam language term, Chakka. Traditional
medicines are plant derived medicines. According to WHO,
more than 80% of developing country’s population depends on
plant based medicines for their health care needs. From the time
immemorial, the whole jackfruit tree is used as a traditional
medicine. Artocarpus is used in medicine and also as source of
food, influencing agriculture industry. It contains secondary
metabolites, which have biological activity, kindling scientific
interest. In addition, the wood of Jackfruit is used in making
musical instruments, furniture and even in house construction1.
Geographical Distribution
It is widely cultivated in tropical, subtropical and temperate
regions of the world.
World scenario: It is cultivated in Bangladesh, Malaysia,
Burma, Srilanka, Indonesia, in parts of USA (Florida and
California), Brazil, Pacific islands, Palau, Yap, and Samoa.
Indian scenario: It is widely cultivated in southwestern parts of
India such as Goa, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and
Maharashtra1,2.
History
It is believed that jackfruit has originated in the rain forests of
the Western Ghats of India. Garcia de Orta- a physician &
naturalist, in his book ‘Coloquious dos simples e drogasda
India’ written in 1563 gives reference of ‘Jack Fruit’.
Laterbotanist Ralph Randles Stewart suggested that it was
named after a Scottish Botanist who worked for East India
Company in Bengal, Sumatra & Malaysia. In 1782, few plants
from one of the French ship were taken to Jamaica. In the1800
century it was a common fruit in Florida. It was introduced into
northern Brazil in the mid of 19th century and became very
popular there. Today, the trees are widely growing in
Bangladesh, Malaysia, Burma, Indonesia, in the Caribbean
islands, in the evergreen forest zone of West Africa, in northern
Australia, in parts of USA, Brazil, Puerto Rico, Pacific islands,
Yap, Samoa, and other islands3.
Cultivation1,4,5
Climate: Jackfruit grows in a wide range of tropical to
subtropical environments. Hot and humid regions of Asia are
suitable for the growth of Jackfruit tree. Although jackfruit is
essentially a tree of the tropical lowlands, it is adapted to a wider
range of conditions. It cannot tolerate higher altitudes and cold.
Jackfruit tree does not tolerate frost and drought.
Altitude: Jackfruit tree grows well in low land forests up to the
height 250 m (820 feet) but decreases in abundance at height of
about 1000 m above sea level. It thrives best in moist tropical
environments below 1000 m (3300 feet).
Soil: The jackfruit can be grown on a variety of soils as long as
they are well-drained, but does best in deep alluvial soils of
open texture. The tree can grow in light and medium textured
soils (sands, sandy loams, loams, and sandy clay loams). The
tree tolerates moderately acid to neutral soils (pH 5.0–7.5).

Arora Tejpal & Parle Amrita / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 7(3), May - Jun 2016
60
Propagation
Seeding: The most common method of propagation of jackfruit
is by sowing seeds, which is easy and cost effective and suitable
method for cultivation. The seeds may be selected from a well
ripened, well grown jackfruit. Soaking of seed in water for 24
hours improves germination.100% results after soaking in 10%
solution of gibberellic acid. Generally, 4-5 seeds are planted in
situ so that the tap root can grow undisturbed. Seeds are sown 2-
3 cm deep in pits filled with cow dung. Germination starts
within 10 days and 100% seeds germinate within 35-40 days.
The seedlings can also be raised in pots or poly bags. After one
or two years, the seedlings are planted in the field.
Grafting: It is a most reliable method of propagation. Jackfruit
seedling may serve as rootstocks. It takes 6-12 months to get the
root stock ready for grafting. Grafted trees will bear fruits in 2-3
years after planting. Jackfruit grafting is now becoming a viable
method of propagation. Today, grafted cultivators are common
in India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand and increasingly in
South Florida. The grafting method is suggested as a traditional
method for propagating the jackfruit as it maintains good
characters. It is easy and cheap, produces disease free plants,
trees start fruiting quickly. It needs less plant materials and
treatments than the other methods.
Rainfall: Mean annual rainfall of about 1000–2400 mm (40–94
in) is ideal for the growth of Jackfruit tree.
Irrigation: The effective method for irrigation of jackfruit
plants is drip irrigation.
Harvesting: Fruits mature 3 to 8 months from flowering. If the
fruit is within the reach, it can be cut with a sickle or twisted. In
tall trees, a sack is placed on the fruit with a rope tied on the
peduncle. After cutting, the fruit is gradually lowered to the
ground. It is laid on its peduncle against railing for some time to
allow the latex to flow and coagulate.
Storage: The jackfruit should be stored at 85-90% relative
humidity and at 11-130C. At this temperature, jackfruit can stay
fresh for the longest duration. A ripe jackfruit can stay fresh for
3 to 10 days. It is best to store jackfruit at the temp of at 8 -
120C.
Uses1,2,3
General Health Benefits
· The bulbs of jackfruit contain simple sugars (Fructose and
sucrose) in quantity of 19.8g per 100gof edible jackfruit
bulbs and provide 95 calories. Thus when eaten, it
replenishes energy and revitalizes the body instantly.
· Jackfruit is rich in dietary fiber, which makes it good bulk
laxative.
· Jackfruit contains Vitamin A which is useful for maintaining
integrity of mucosa and skin.
· Jackfruit helps to fight wrinkles. Its consumption helps in
getting a glowing complexion and flawless skin.
· Jackfruit seeds are very beneficial in hair growth.
· Jackfruit seeds promote healthy blood circulation, and
provide healthy digestion.
· 100 g of jackfruit contains 0.60mg of iron, thus it prevents
and cures anemia.
Medicinal Uses
Traditionally jackfruit is used in treatment of ulcers, prevention
of night blindness and bone loss. It possesses antibacterial, anti-
inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antipyretic property. It
is immunity booster and acts as a remedy for snake bites. Seeds
have diuretic and laxative effects.
Pharmacological activities of Artocarpus heterophyllus are
summarized in Table 8.
Culinary Uses
Jackfruit is commonly used as a cuisine all over the world.
In B angladesh, unripe fruit is used in curry. The seed is often
dried and preserved to be later used in curry.
In Thailand and Vietnam, jackfruit is used as canned sugary
syrup.
In Indonesia, The ripe fruit is usually sold separately and
consumed on its own or sliced and mixed with shaved ice as a
sweet dessert.
In Philippines, the unripe fruit is usually cooked in coconut
milk and is eaten as a viand together with rice. The ripe fruit is
used as an ingredient in local desserts.
In Vietnam, jackfruit is used to make a sweet dessert soup
called as jackfruit chè.
In Nepal, The unripe fruit is used to prepare savory curry.
In Srilanka, Jackfruit is used to make wine and Pickles.
In Africa, Seeds of jackfruit are grounded into a flour type meal
and used mainly for bread and other baking purposes.
In Australia, Jackfruit is used to make patties, casserole and
salad.
In Malaysia, Jackfruit is often added to rice dishes and salads,
mixed with shrimp, or used in drinks like lassi.
In Florida, Jackfruit is used in ice creams, Jams, Jelly, and to
make sweet curry and fruit salad.
In India
In West Bengal, The fruits are either eaten alone or as a side to
rice, roti, chira, or muri. Sometimes, the juice is extracted and
either drunk straight or as a side with muri. The extract is
sometimes condensed and eaten as candies. Seeds are used to
make spicy side-dishes with rice or roti.
In Kerala, a sweet preparation called chakkavarattiyathu
(jackfruit jam) is made by pieces of jackfruit. Jackfruit is deep
fried to make chips.
In Karnataka, The pulp of the jackfruit is ground and made into
a paste, then spread over a mat and allowed to dry in the sun to
create a natural chewy candy. Jackfruit is also used to make
jackfruit burfi.
In Maharashtra, Jackfruit seeds are used to make Daleecha
Sambaaraa and raw jackfruit is used in phanasaachi bhaji and
the fruits are either eaten alone or used to prepare phanaspoli.
In Goa, Jackfruit is used to make curry and the ripe jackfruit is
widely used in cake (Phansache dhonas).
In Tamil Nadu, raw jackfruit is used to make
CHAKKAKKARI-Brahmin special; Seeds are used to make
seed pakoda.
In North India, jackfruit is used as a vegetable to make stir-
fries and curries.
Miscellaneous Uses
· Jackfruit trees are used in landscaping of gardens.
· The leaves are excellent adsorbents and are reported to
remove dye from the aqueous solutions.
· The leaves as well as non-pulp parts of the jackfruit are of
use as feed for livestock.
· Chips of heartwood are used as a dying agent.
· Wood is used to make furniture, brush backs and musical
instruments like veena, mridangam, thimila, and kanjira.
· The wood of jackfruit with good grains is a useful and a
durable timbre.
· The heated latex is employed as household cement for
mending chinaware and earthenware, and to caulk boats and
holes in buckets.

Arora Tejpal & Parle Amrita / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 7(3), May - Jun 2016
61
· The latex can also be mixed with vinegar to heal abscesses,
snakebites and glandular swellings.
· The leaf decoction and latex are effective in the treatment of
asthma.
· The bark, due to its fibrous nature, is occasionally used in
cordage or cloth.
Strange Facts
· The jackfruit is the largest of all tree-borne fruits.
· Jackfruit is also known to grow from the underground roots
in some rare cases. In such situations, the fruit cracks the
ground over it and emerges outside.
· In a single year, the jackfruit tree can produce as many as
two hundred fifty fruits.
· In South India, the jackfruit is a popular food ranking after
mango and banana.
· Jackfruit is a national fruit of Bangladesh1.
Side effects, contraindications and precautions
· It causes some allergic reactions to the people suffering
from birch pollen allergies.
· Jackfruit may alter the tolerance levels of glucose in
diabetes patients.
· The men trying to have a baby should avoid jackfruit as it
may inhibit sexual arousal, libido, performance, and vigor in
men.
· People undergoing therapy for immuno-suppression should
avoid eating the seeds of this fruit because these seeds are
immuno-stimulant.
· Over consumption of jackfruit can upset the stomach, due to
its high fiber content6.
Future prospects of jackfruit
Jackfruit is grown mainly on homestead farms and produces
multiple products for food, feed, and industry as well as
contributing towards soil management for sustainable
environments. In recent decades, a number of scientific and
economic interests have emerged to promote and commercialize
jackfruit products. The primary reason for this is that the crop is
already well-suited to the household and farming systems of
small farmers vulnerable to food shortages and nutritional
deficiencies. Nowadays jackfruit is widely used in medicine.
There is a need to develop strategic plans based on the results of
research and cooperation between neighboring countries or
regions, for genetic conservation of the jackfruit gene pool.
Further research in exploring the medicinal properties is
essential to promote its use to alleviate the ailment.
Table 1: International synonyms of Artocarpus heteroiphyllus8
S/No
Name
Language
Country/Region
1
Fakihat Al Jaka
Arabic
Middle East, North Africa
2
Bōluómì
Chinese
China
3
Jackfruit, Nangka
Dutch
Netherlands, south Africa
4
Jackfruit
English
England, USA, New Zealand
5
Jacquier, Jaquier
French
France
6
Jackbaumfrucht, Jackfrucht
German
Germany
7
καρποί [karpoí]
Greek
Greece, Cyprus
8
katahal
Hindi
India
9
Catala
Italian
Italy
10
Paramitsu
Japanese
Japan
11
Baramil
Korean
Korea
12
Jaca
Portuguese
Portugal
13
Árbol de jack, Panapén, Yaca
Spanish
Spain
Table 2: Indian synonyms of Artocarpus hete rophyllus2
S/No
Name
Language
State/Region
1
Halasinahannu
Kannada
Karnataka
2
Kathal, Panas
Hindi
North India
3
Panasa
Telgu
Andhra Pradesh
4
Theibong
Manipuri
Manipur
5
Pala pazham
Tamil
Tamil Nadu
6
Phanas
Marathi
Maharashtra
Table 3: Availability of Artocarpus heterophyllus fruits in different countries2
Country
Month of the year
Major Varieties found
Australia
June-April
Black gold, Golden nugget, cheena, cochin, kappa, nahen, Mutton
Bangladesh
June-August
Topa, Hazari, Chala, Goal, Khaja
Brazil
January-March, August-October
Jaca-dura, Jaca-Mole
India
April-July
Khujja, ghila, hazari, gulabi, varika, champa, handia, Safeda
Indonesia
August-January
Nagakasalak, Tabouey, Kandel
Malaysia
April-August, September-December
J-31, J30, Nagakabilulang, Na29, Na31
Philippines
March-August
J-01, J-02, TVC, Torres
Sri lanka
February-November
Vela, varaka, peniwaraka, kuruwaraka
Thailand
January-May, October-Dece mber
Dang Rashmi, Golden pillow
USA (Florida)
May-August, September-October
Fair childfirst, Sweet Fairchild, Black gold, Golden nugget, Dang
Rashmi, J-31, J-30, Tabouey

Arora Tejpal & Parle Amrita / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 7(3), May - Jun 2016
62
Table 4: Nutritional value of Artocarpus heterophyllus1
Nutrients
Units
Value per 100 grams
Water
G
76.2-85.2
Energy
Cal.
95
Carbohydrate
G
23.5
Dietary Fiber
G
1.5
Fat
G
0.64
Protein
G
1.72
Sugar
G
19.08
Minerals
Calcium
Mg
34
Iron
Mg
0.60
Magnesium
Mg
37
Manganese
Mg
0.197
Phosphorus
Mg
36
Potassium
Mg
303
Sodium
Mg
3.3
Zinc
Mg
0.42
Vitamins
Folates
µg
24
Niacin
Mg
0.920
Pyridoxine
Mg
0.329
Riboflavin
Mg
0.055
Thiamin
Mg
0.105
Vitamin A
IU
110
Vitamin C
Mg
13.7
Vitamin E
Mg
0.34
Phyto-Nutrients
Carotene-ß
µg
61
Crypto-xanthin-ß
µg
5
Lutein-zeaxanthin
µg
157
Table 5: Botanical Description of Artocarp us heterophyllus1
Fruit type
Tropical
Edible part
Fruit
Shape of fruit
Oval
Fruits per tree
130-150
Texture
Fibrous
Taste
Sweet
Table 6: Taxonomical classification of Artocarpus heterophyllus1
Kingdom
Plantae
Subkingdom
Tracheobionta
Super division
Embryophyta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Subclass
Alismidae
Order
Rosales
Family
Moraceae
Genus
Artocarpus
Species
A. heterophyllus
Table 7: Phytoconstituents of Artocarpus heterophyllus8
Sr.
Phytoconstituents
Plant Part
1
Carbohydrates- Starch, sugar, Dietary fiber
Fruit, Seed
2
Minerals- Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Iron
Seed, Fruit
3
Fatty Acids- Capric, Myristic, Lauric, Palmitic, Oleic, Stearic
Fruit
4
Organic Acids- Malic acid, Citric acid
Fruit
5
Carotenoids- 2-carotene, 1-carotene, 1-zeacarotene, 2-zeacarotene, Dicarboxylic Carotenoids
Seed, Fruit
6
Flavonoids- Artocarpine, Artocarpetin, Artonins A, Morin, Dihydromorin, Artocarpanone, Artocarpesin
Fruit
7
Lectin- Jacalin
Seed
8
Volatiles- Isopentylisovalerate, Butyl isovalerate, Butyl Acetate
Seed, Fruit
9
Tannins
Stem, Leaf
10
Vitamins- Vitamin A, Thiamine, Riboflavin, Vitamin E
Fruit

Arora Tejpal & Parle Amrita / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 7(3), May - Jun 2016
63
Table 8: Pharmacological Activities of Artocarpus heterophyllus
Pharmacological Activities
Plant Parts
Extracts
Phytoconstituent
References
1 Anti-infective
Anti-Fungal
Leaf, Seed
Alcoholic extract
Chalcone
8, 9, 10
Anti-viral
Seed
Alcoholic extract
Oxyresveratrol
11, 12, 13
Anti-bacterial
Bark of stem and root, leaves, fruit
Alcoholic extract
Isoprenyl Flavones
9, 14, 15
2 Anti-cancer
Wood
Alcoholic extract
Isoprenoid Flavonoids
16, 17, 18, 19
3 Inflammatory diseases
Anti-inflammatory
Fruit
Ethyl acetate extract
Flavonoids
18, 20, 21, 22
Wound Healing
Leaf
Alcoholic extract
Lectin
23, 24, 39
4 Anti-Diabetic
Leaf
Aqueous extract
Prenyl Flavonoids
26, 25, 27
5 Miscellaneous
Anti-oxidant
Fruit, Seed
Alcoholic and aqueous extract
Prenyl Flavonoids
28, 29, 30, 31
Anti-malarial
Bark of Root and stem
Aerial part extract
Prenylated Flavones
32, 33
Anti-diarrhoeal
Bark of Root and stem
Artocarpusintegrifolia extract
Prenylated Flavones
34, 35
Anti-carcinogenic
Leaf
Alcoholic extract
Flavonoids
14
Anti-platelets
Root, Seed
Alcoholic extract
Flavonoids
28
Anti-tubercular
Root, Stem
Dichloromethane extract
Prenylated Flavones
36, 37
Anti-atherosclerosis
Fruit, Root
Ethyl acetate extract
Flavonoids
28
Anti-arthritic
Leaf, Fruit
Ethyl acetate extract
Flavonoids
22, 38
Table 9: Top five producers of Jackfruit3
Rank
Country
Production 1000 (tonnes)
1
India
1436
2
Bangladesh
926
3
Thailand
392
4
Indonesia
340
5
Nepal
18.97
CONCLUSION
Artocarpus heterophyllus is an excellent plant due to its
multifaceted medicinal properties likeantiasthmatic activity,
antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, hypoglycemic,
antimalarial, antidiarrhoeal, antiarthritic, antihelmintic, anti-
inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiplatelets, antiviral,
antitubercular, antiatheroscloresis and show wound healing
effect and decrease in the sexual activity. In addition Artocarpus
heterophyllus also has food value with numerous culinary uses.
The wood of the tree is also used for making musical
instruments and furniture. So we can conclude that jackfruit is a
health boon to the mankind.
REFERENCES
1. Sidhu A. Jackfruit Improvement in the Asia-Pacific Region
A Status Report: p.190. Available
from:http://www.apaari.org/wpcontent/uploads/downloads/2
012/10/Jackfruit-A-Success-Story_31-8-2012.pdf.2015.7.22
2. Baliga M. and Bhat H. Phytochemistry, nutritional and
pharmacological properties of Artocarpus heterophyllus
Lam (jackfruit): A review. Food research international
2001:1801-1811.
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackfruit.dob.2015-9-7
4. Morton, J. 1987. Jackfruit. p. 58–64. In: Fruits of warm
climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL. Available from:
https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/jackfruit_ars.
html.dob.2015.9.25
5. Jackfruit farming information guide.Craig R. Elevitch and
Harley I. Manner. Species Profiles for Pacific Island
Agroforestry 2006.Available from:
https://retirenicaragua.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/a-
heterophyllus-jackfruit1.pdf.dob.2015.10.5
6. Diet health club, side effects of jackfruit.. Available from:
http://www.diethealthclub.com/health-
food/jackfruit.html.dob.2015.10.16
7. Jackfruit farming information guide. Available from:
http://agrifarming.in/jackfruit-farming.dob.2015.10.23
8. Trindade M. and Lopes J. Structural characterization of
novel chitin-binding lectins from the genus Artocarpus and
their antifungal activity. Biochimica et biophysica acta,
1764; 2006:146-152.
9. Khan M. and Khiara M. Antibacterial activity of Artocarpus
heterophyllus. Fitoterapia 2003; 74:501-505.
10. Jayasinghe L. and Padmini W.C. Geranylchalcone
derivatives with antifungal and radical scavenging properties
from the leaves of Artocarpusnobilis. Phytochemistry 2004;
65:1287-1290.
11. Likhitwityawuid k. and Sritularak B. Phenolics with
antiviral activity from Milletiaerythrocalyx and Artocarpus
lakoocha. Natural product research 2005; 19:177-182.
12. Jensen M.M. and Wright D.N. Microbiology for the health
sciences. Prentice hall, international Inc., London.1977;
131-137
13. Chuanasa T. and Lipipun V. Anti-herpes simplex virus
activity of oxyresveratrol derived from thai medicinal plant.
Antiviral research 2008; 80:62-70.
14. Sato M. and Fujii T. Flavones with antibacterial activity
against cariogenic bacteria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,
1996; 54:171-176.
15. Loizzo M.R. and Tundis R. Antioxidant and antibacterial
activities on food borne pathogens of Artocarpus
hetrophyllus lam leaves extracts. Journal of food science
2010; 75:M291-M295.
16. Arung E. and Ksuma I. cytotoxic effect of artocarpin on
T47D cells. Journal of natural medicine, 2010b; 64:423-429.
17. Ko H.H. and Yang S.Z. cytotoxic prenylflavanoids from
Artocarpus elasticus. Journal of natural products 2005;
68:1692-1695.

Arora Tejpal & Parle Amrita / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 7(3), May - Jun 2016
64
18. Lansky E.P. and Pawlus A.D. ethno botany and potential as
anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents. Journal of
ethnopharmacology 2008; 119:195-213.
19. Musthapa I. and Syah Y.M. An oxepinoflavon from
Artocarpus elasticus with Cytotoxicity against P-388 cells.
Archives of pharmacal research 2009; 32:191-194.
20. Fang S. and Yen G. Anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic
compounds isolated from the fruits of Artocarpus
heterophyllus. Journal of agriculture and food chemistry,
2008; 56:4463-4468.
21. Chanda I. and Dutta S.K. Anti-inflammatory activity of a
protease extracted from the fruit stem latex of the plant
Artocarpus hetrophyllus Lam. Research journal of
pharmacology and pharmacodynamics 2009; 1:70-72.
22. Dang D. and Trinh T.T. A novel anti-inflammatory
compound Artonin-4-o-glucoside from the leaves of
Artocarpustonkinensis suppresses experimentally induce
arthritis. Scandinavian journal of immunology, 2009;
69:110-118
23. Patil k. and Joshi V. Wound healing activity of leaves of
Artocarpus heterophyllus. Indian journal of pharmaceutical
sciences, 2005; 67:629-632.
24. Chahud F. and Haddad A. The lactin KM+ induces corneal
epithelial wound healing in rabbits. International journal of
experimental pathology, 2009; 90:166-173.
25. Fernando M. and Thabrew M. Effects of Artocarpus
heterophyllus on glucose tolerance in normal human
subjects and in maturity-onset diabetic patients, Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 1991; 31:277-282.
26. Adewole S.O. and Ojewole J.O. hypergylcimic effect of
Artocarpus communisforst root bark aqueous extract in
wistar rats. Cardiovascular journal of Africa 2007; 78:221-
227.
27. Kotowaroo M.I. and Mahomoodally M.F. screening of
traditional antidiabetic medicinal plants of Mauritius for
possible alpha- amylase inhibitory effects in vitro.
Phytotheraphy research 2006; 20:228-231.
28. Jagpat U. and Bapat V. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity
and phenol content in jackfruit. Plant foods for human
nutrition, 2010; 65:99-104.
29. Bakar M.F.A. and Rahmat A. phytochemicals and
antioxidant activity of different parts of bambagan and
Artocarpus odoratissimus. Food chemistry 2009; 113:479-
483.
30. Soong Y.Y. and Barlow P.J. Antioxidant activity and
phenolic content of selected fruit seeds. Food chemistry
2004; 88:441-417.
31. Soubir T. Antioxidant activity of some local Bangladeshi
fruits (Artocarpus hetrophyllus). Sheng Wu Gong Cheng
XuvBao. 2007; 23:257-261.
32. Boonlaksiri C and Kongsaeree P. An antimalarial stilbene
from Artocarpus integer. Phytochemistry2000; 54:415-417.
33. Desjardins R.E. and Haynes J.D. Quantitative assessment of
antimalarial activity in vitro by a semi-
automatedmicrodilultion technique. Antimicrobial agents
and chemotherapy 1979; 16:710-718.
34. Goncalves J. and Lopes R. In vitro antiritrovirus activity of
some medicinal plants used in Brazil against diarrhea.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology2005; 99:403-407.
35. Henirich M. and Heneka B. spasmolytic and Antidiarrhoeal
properties of the Yucatecmayan medicinal plant
Casimiroatetiameria. The journal of pharmacy and
pharmacology 2005; 57:1081-1085.
36. Boonphong S. and Kittakoop P. Antitubercular and
antiplasmodialprenylated flavones from the roots of
Artocarpusaltilis. Chiang Mai journal of science 2007;
34:339-344.
37. Collin L. MicroplateAlamar blue assay verses BACTEC 460
system for high throughput screening of compound against
mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium.
Antimicrobial agent and chemotherapy 1997; 41:1004-1009.
38. Ngoc D and Catrina A. Inhibition of Artocarpustonkinensis
of the development of collagen –induced arthritis in rats.
Scandinavin journal of immunology 2005; 61:234-241.
39. Parle Milind and Monika. Sweet potato as a super-food. Int.
J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 2015;6(4):557-562
http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.064104
Cite this article as:
Arora Tejpal and Parle Amrita. Jackfruit: A health boon. Int. J.
Res. Ayurveda Pharm. May - Jun 2016;7(3):59-64
http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.073113
Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared
Disclaimer: IJRAP is solely ow ned by Moksha Publishing House - A non-profit publishing house, dedicated to publish quality research, while
every effort has been taken to verify the accuracy of the content published in our Journal. IJRAP cannot accept any responsibi lity or liability
for the si te content and articles published. The views expressed in articles by our contributing authors are not necess arily those of IJRAP
editor or editorial board members.