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The Singularity Is Near
Abstract
In this chapter, Ray Kurzweil presents and defends his view that we will reach a technological singularity in the next few decades, which he defines as a “period during which the pace of technological change will be so rapid, its impact so deep, that human life will be irreversibly transformed.” Kurwzweil argues that the pace of technological change, particularly with respect to information technologies, is exponential, and that we are near the “knee” of the exponential curve (i.e. the point at which the curve changes from largely horizontal to largely vertical). Kurzweil predicts that a core feature of the singularity will be the merging of biological and machine intelligence, such that the majority of “human” intelligence will become non-biological, and the merging of virtual and physical reality. Kurzweil considers this the next step in human-machine co-evolution.
... The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has heightened the prospect of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), potentially surpassing human cognitive abilities and raising significant safety and ethical concerns (Chalmers 2016;Kurzweil 2005). In response, transhumanist and posthumanist approaches advocate for intelligence augmentation through emerging technologies such as Brain Machine Interfaces (BMI), genetic modifications, and Brain Organoid (BO) (DeGrazia 2005; Mirkes 2019; Barfield 2019). ...
... As AI continues to advance at an exponential pace, augmentation technologies must provide scalable processing capabilities to keep up with the increasing complexity and volume of information (Chalmers 2016;Kurzweil 2005). Users considering these technologies need to think about the extent to which an approach can meet the demands of enhanced decision-making, problem-solving, and creativity, ensuring they remain competitive in an AI-advanced world. ...
... Approaches attempting to keep pace with the rapid evolution of AI through external technologies such as BMI and nanomachines face inherent limitations due to reliance on external augmentation (Chalmers 2016;Kurzweil 2005). Discussions surrounding digital brain copying and mind uploading are also significant topics in intelligence augmentation to compete with AI. ...
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, including the potential emergence of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), has raised concerns about AI surpassing human cognitive capabilities. To address this challenge, intelligence augmentation approaches, such as Brain Machine Interfaces (BMI) and Brain Organoid (BO) integration have been proposed. In this study, we compare three intelligence augmentation strategies, namely BMI, BO, and a hybrid approach combining both. These strategies are evaluated from three key perspectives that influence user decisions in selecting an augmentation method: information processing capacity, identity risk, and consent authenticity risk. First, we model these strategies and assess them across the three perspectives. The results reveal that while BO poses identity risks and BMI has limitations in consent authenticity capacity, the hybrid approach mitigates these weaknesses by striking a balance between the two. Second, we investigate how users might choose among these intelligence augmentation strategies in the context of evolving AI capabilities over time. As the result, we find that BMI augmentation alone is insufficient to compete with advanced AI, and while BO augmentation offers scalability, BO increases identity risks as the scale grows. Moreover, the hybrid approach provides a balanced solution by adapting to AI advancements. This study provides a novel framework for human capability augmentation in the era of advancing AI and serves as a guideline for adapting to AI development.
... The consensus among scientists in the AI community puts the singularity somewhere around the middle of this century, but estimates range from a few decades to a hundred years [2,3,4]. Some follow the utopian lead of Ray Kurzweil and imagine a significant positive change in life conditions [2]. ...
... The consensus among scientists in the AI community puts the singularity somewhere around the middle of this century, but estimates range from a few decades to a hundred years [2,3,4]. Some follow the utopian lead of Ray Kurzweil and imagine a significant positive change in life conditions [2]. Others have a more somber outlook, like Max Tegmark [4] and Nick Bostrom [3], who hypothesize that machines may take over the world and dominate humans. ...
... The examples that fuel the optimism that we are on our way toward artificial general intelligence come from the ability of AI to master and surpass humans in specific areas such as games, image classification, conversation, self-driving cars, and facial recognition [2,16]. In these areas, intelligence is understood to be problem-solving capabilities. ...
Some philosophers believe it is inevitable for us to create an Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), while others argue that it is impossible to achieve. Instead of accepting or dismissing the possibility of AGI, it would be more helpful to focus on understanding what it would take to create an intelligence that resembles a human, including our social intelligence. While Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) addresses a fixed problem-solving domain defined by externally defined problems, an AGI would have to be able to identify problems by itself. This presents a challenge similar to the one identified by David Chalmers in the philosophy of mind, known as “The Hard Problem of Consciousness.” In AI, the hard problem is: where do problems come from? To answer this question, we need to understand the nature of a problem. It is necessary to distinguish two types of problems: First-order problems arise ipso facto dynamically out of an entity’s interaction with the environment, while second-order problems arise alio facto from another problem. Current artificial intelligence is ANI that solves second-order problems given to them by their human designers. To create a social robot with AGI it would have to be able to find and solve its own first-order problems while engaging with humans as part of its environment. A thought experiment illustrates how that might occur.
... as it concerns the project of digital immortality, proposes that advancing technology will in principle allow human-beings to avoid biological death and achieve a continuity of existence by uploading their 'selves' to a physical substrate which would house such (Copeland, Proudfoot, 2012, p.4). In other words, this view assumes the notion of substrate independence and is also the view held by technology-futurists such as Ray Kurzweil (2005) and Hans Moravec (1988). According to Cappuccio (2017, p.426), although this notion of the procedure of mind-uploading is currently out of the question, the future feasibility of the procedure will depend largely on both practical feasibility and the "…correctness of MU's 1 metaphysical [philosophical] assumptions". ...
... The theory of patternism, as a theory of personhood (Proudfoot, 2013, p.11), is central to the project of digital immortality as well as the assumed notion of substrate independence (Cappuccio, 2017, p.432). For example, Kurzweil (2005) views "patterns of information as the fundamental reality" (Kurzweil, 2005, p.5;Proudfoot, 2013, p.9). However, as noted by Proudfoot (2013, p.9), the technology-futurists, nor Kurzweil, provides a clear answer of what exactly the 'pattern' or 'copy' encompasses. ...
... However, as noted by Proudfoot (2013, p.9), the technology-futurists, nor Kurzweil, provides a clear answer of what exactly the 'pattern' or 'copy' encompasses. With that being said, whilst Kurzweil (2005) assumes a biological notion of the pattern, Moravec (1998) assumes a notion that is grounded in physics (Proudfoot, 2013, p.9). As it concerns the persistence of personhood, technology-futurists claim that a person's pattern is most important for survival; survival of a physical substrate is merely secondary in importance (Proudfoot, 2013;Moravec 1988, p.117;Kurzweil, 2005, p.383). ...
This paper critically analyses the philosophical implications associated with the procedure of mind-uploading as it concerns the project of digital immortality. The theory of patternism, known otherwise as the persistence of persons problem, is central to the project of digital immortality. The theory posits that personal identity is constituted by a pattern of information, and can in principle, be transferred to a substrate after the death of the original biological substrate body. However, patternism is hindered by implicitly assuming the duplication problem: if a pattern is what matters for personal identity, and the pattern is copied, does the copy represent a numerically identical continuation of the original person? This paper focuses on two possible solutions: the computationalism argument, or the view to abandon 'exceptionalism' attributed to Kenneth Hayworth (2015) and the solution of fuzzy logic, or fuzzy patternism. This paper highlights broader metaphysical and ethical considerations of digital immortality as it concerns fundamental concepts of identity and selfhood, contributing to ongoing discussions in the sphere of philosophy of mind and technology.
... Sin embargo, en la literatura es posible identificar hasta tres categorías de inteligencia artificial, incluyendo una etapa inicial en su desarrollo, conocida como IA débil. Estas tres categorías podrían reflejar un orden evolutivo de los tipos de inteligencia artificial, cada una con características e implicaciones propias (Bostrom, 2017;Kurzweil, 2014;Russell y Norvig, 2020). En primer lugar, la IA débil se centra en la realización de tareas específicas, como el ajedrez, la conducción autónoma o el diagnóstico médico. ...
... Aunque actualmente no existen sistemas que alcancen este nivel de inteligencia, la investigación en AGI se enfoca en su desarrollo. Este enfoque plantea riesgos significativos debido a la posibilidad de que estos sistemas superen la inteligencia humana, lo que genera desafíos éticos y de control sin precedentes (Kurzweil, 2014;Pineda-Henao y Londoño-Cardozo, 2024). ...
Este artículo analizó el impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la educación universitaria, con enfoque en las ciencias empresariales, para evaluar su rol como herramienta de apoyo pedagógico y su potencial riesgo de sustituir la labor docente. Mediante una metodología cualitativa basada en revisión sistemática de literatura científica, se examinaron beneficios y desafíos derivados de su implementación en educación superior. Los resultados destacan que la inteligencia artificial optimiza procesos educativos mediante la personalización del aprendizaje adaptativo, la automatización de tareas administrativas —como corrección de evaluaciones y gestión de horarios— y el análisis predictivo del rendimiento estudiantil. No obstante, se identificaron riesgos significativos: la posible homogenización de métodos pedagógicos, la reducción de interacciones presenciales clave para el desarrollo de habilidades críticas —como el análisis estratégico y la ética profesional—, y la ampliación de brechas en contextos con limitaciones tecnológicas. En disciplinas como las ciencias empresariales, donde la discusión de casos prácticos, la mentoría y la toma de decisiones contextualizadas son fundamentales, se evidencia que la tecnología no puede reemplazar la capacidad humana para guiar procesos reflexivos y creativos. El estudio concluye que, si bien la inteligencia artificial mejora la eficiencia operativa, su integración debe priorizar un modelo equilibrado donde actúe como complemento, liberando tiempo docente para actividades de acompañamiento personalizado, mientras las instituciones implementan marcos éticos que regulen su uso, promuevan la capacitación tecnológica de los educadores y garanticen acceso equitativo. La interacción humana se consolida como eje irrenunciable en la formación de competencias analíticas y sociales, especialmente en áreas que demandan juicio crítico, innovación y adaptación a contextos dinámicos, reafirmando su centralidad ante los avances tecnológicos.
... • AI "Turing Test" programming comparable to human reasoning (Turing, 1950) • AI computers with human cognition (Simon, 1965(Simon, , 1969Minsky, 1967) • AI virtual person human identity (Cole, 1991) • AI technological singularity surpassing humans (Vinge, 1993;Kurzweil, 2005) • AI "Godfather" neural networks design and deployment (Hinton; in Town, 2024) Early AI meanings impart purposeful AE identity logic for future human and technology scripts. These logical points of reference shape AE architecture directions and domains. ...
The cross-cultural management literature has yet to closely couple cultural intelligence (CQ) and digital/AI technology. This pioneering study fills this void with a proposed CQ technology model that parallels the seminal CQ four factors model. Currently, digital/AI can simulate human multicultural traditions and tendencies. Already, global enterprises have proven the strategic and societal advantages of cultural intelligence (CQ) for optimizing ethnically diverse staff and stakeholders. Unfortunately, these leading multicultural technology and cross-cultural management capabilities lack the comparable scholarly research to encode CQ principles into Digital/AI media platforms. Thus, this study imparts conceptual guidance for programming ethnic cultural identity into global enterprise technology using a CQ four factors model algorithm. A cross-discipline critical literature survey synthesizes research on digital/AI media and ethnicity/race designs to inform CQ technology dimensions, which parallel the seminal CQ four factors. Likewise, the emergence of versatile artificial intelligence (AI) and posthuman technology is addressed by an artificial ethnicity (AE) architecture hub for the proposed model. Concluding comments offer a synopsis of this study's contributions to cross-cultural management, two instructive case scenarios, and critical scholarly inquiry considerations.
... A different perspective is presented by Ray Kurzweil, who argues that "artificial intelligence is a process that enables machines to think, perceive, understand natural language, and learn, while also providing them with the ability to adapt to new situations" (Kurzweil, 2005, pp. 115). ...
This article explores the dynamic development of artificial intelligence (AI) in various aspects of social and economic life. It analyzes how AI implementation is transforming the labor market, considering its rapid growth within contemporary society while addressing both its benefits and concerns related to job displacement. The study employs an integrated research approach, combining descriptive, comparative, and analytical analysis to ensure an in-depth understanding of AI’s role. Desk research was also conducted to analyze existing data and literature, and inductive reasoning was applied to draw general conclusions. The article forecasts the automation of certain professions while also highlighting the creation of new job opportunities, identifying sectors most and least susceptible to automation. AI is expected to continue its dynamic expansion, offering new possibilities across various fields. The study contributes to the discourse on AI’s role in the labor market, encouraging reflection on its long-term impact. It emphasizes the necessity of an ethical approach to AI development and the establishment of appropriate legal and ethical frameworks. Furthermore, it underscores that managing labor market transformations and addressing ethical dilemmas related to AI remains a challenge. The article highlights the need for AI-driven innovations and the importance of analyzing the potential effects of automation on different labor market sectors
... In 2.1 I will argue that, if AIs develop to the point at which they can do such meaningful work as well as humans do, this will reduce the motivation of humans to engage in these activities by changing the incentives to do so. In 2.2 I argue that this in turn might result in a 1 On the general case for optimism about AI see Kurzweil (2005); on current and future achievements of AI, and their benefits to humanity, see Sharadian (forthcoming); and on the potential of AI to liberate humanity from work see Danaher (2019a). On the possibility of domination by a superintelligent AI see Bostrom (2014) and Ord (2020). ...
Recent developments in large language models and image generation software raise the possibility that AI systems might one day replace humans in some of the intrinsically valuable work through which humans find meaning in their lives – work like scientific and philosophical research and the creation of art. If AIs can do this work more efficiently than humans, this might make human performance of these activities pointless. This represents a threat to human wellbeing which is distinct from, and harder to solve, than the automation of merely instrumentally valuable activities. In this paper I outline the problem, assess its seriousness, and investigate possible solutions. I argue that AI could reduce our incentives to perform such work, and this might result in a great deskilling of humanity. Furthermore, even if humans continue to do such work, the mere existence of AI systems would undermine its meaning and value. I critique Danaher’s (2019a) and Suits’ (1978) arguments that we should embrace the total automation of work and retreat to a ‘utopia of games’. Instead, I argue that the threat to meaning and value posed by AI gives us a prima facie reason to slow down its development.
... An example of this inequality can be observed in the popularity of billionaire-driven escapist future visions, such as Martian colonisation and corporate transhumanism, which are often associated with figures like Elon Musk or Ray Kurzweil (2005). These grandiose visions tend to overshadow other promissory possibilities, such as those depicting feasible alternatives to capitalism, like the degrowth movement advocated by a growing number of scholars (Kallis et al., 2018). ...
This paper coins and develops the notion of sociotechnical fiction: a type of fiction distinct from literary or cinematic forms, which operates within the technosciences to materialise non-existent, imaginary entities through the production of new technological assemblages. Adopting a performative approach to actor-network theory, the research explores how these fictions mediate the continuum between matter and imagination, and between present and future, through a comparative analysis of related concepts such as future visions, promises, expectations, imaginaries, metaphors, and anticipatory practices. Sociotechnical fictions are thus defined as mediated forms of imagination that address the inherent uncertainty of future-oriented technological projects. Often unrecognised as fiction, they are deeply entangled with rational and instrumental practices, connecting the anticipatory dimension of technology with its legitimacy. The paper outlines the epistemic, aesthetic, affective, and normative agencies of sociotechnical fiction and illustrates them through cases including the metaverse, algorithmic counterfactuals, the cloud, artificial intelligence, Theranos, and WeWork.
... 1 The perhaps greatest risk identified by technically competent AI specialists is extinction of the species by AIs that massively exceed human cognitive capacities. This risk is associated with an inflection point, sometimes called the singularity (Kurzweil, 2005), after which AI morphs into a superintelligence (Bostrom, 2014) that enhances itself explosively. Epistemically conservative observers say this point will never be reached, others argue it may be a distant possibility but will at any rate take many more decades to come if it ever does, and today's Cassandras (e.g., Harari, 2024;Hinton, 2024) as well as some of AI's apologists (e.g., Kurzweil, 2024) warn it may be closer than we think and be with us as early as a few years from now. ...
If the risks that leading experts say are intrinsic to advanced AI systems are real, then there is little reason to expect that they can be contained, be it by political or ethical means. The reasons are partly to do with the technology itself, partly with the organization of the social world into which it falls, whose understanding is hampered by widely shared myths about governmental capabilities. Successful containment would require global regulation and a level of enforcement that would seem unattainable even in the absence of competing political, military, economic, and scientific interests, which drive AI's unabated development despite growing awareness of the risks associated with its uncontrolled proliferation. Ethics has its own risks. Inflationary mor-alization only covers up our puzzlements and anxieties in the face of disquieting uncertainties, while potentially flaring up conflict rather than defusing it.
... Az MI oktatási potenciálja és lehetőségei a képességeinek erősségétől függenek. Kurzweil (2005) meghatározott erős vagy vastag mesterséges intelligenciát, amely érkezik a technológiai környezetünkbe, de Bokor Tamás (2023) kutatásai szerint még nem jelentek meg. Viszont a gyenge vagy vékony MI-ágensek, mint például a mélytanuló algoritmusok és az okostelefonok mesterséges intelligencia alkalmazásai, jelen vannak a mindennapi életben és számos területen segítik azt. ...
Utilising Global Resources in Pedagogical Work with the Help of Artificial IntelligenceThe 21st century is a modern world, and artificial intelligence is needed in more and more areas. People value personal, social and psychological relationships. Human-tohuman cooperation and emotional relationships are essential for students andteachers in a public education institution. A research team from the Cornelius Research Institute is investigating the emotional intelligence of 5–9-year-olds using an online EQ test. However, everything is out of the ordinary when AI is introduced in the classroom and in the leisure time slot. Why does everything change? The human and the designed machine cannot connect, and the necessary interaction cannot occur. The lack of personal contact and sociality makes the knowledge transfer process completely different because it becomes impersonal. The importance of comprehension and meaning is repeated in the text. With the emergence of AI, the body of knowledge is multiplied, and the learners will have a vast body of knowledge.In addition to learners, teachers can also benefit from AI in the teaching process. AI in education can help teachers who are increasingly eager to take on administrative tasks in various ways. Students are still more open to receiving AI than teachers.
... In The Singularity is Near (2006), Kurzweil wrote about a Singularity, which is a metaphor to capture a radical shift in human intelligence, where technological change will be so rapid that life will be irreversibly transformed (Kurzweil, 2006(Kurzweil, , 2024. Although when The Singularity is Near was published almost two decades ago, Kurzweil proposed that it would occur in 2045, ''In the early 2020s, we entered the sharply steepening part of the exponential curve, and the pace of innovation is affecting society like never before'' (Kurzweil, 2024, p. 4). ...
Technology has been an indispensable tool for education following the COVID-19 pandemic. Some habits adopted during that period, such as remote learning and teaching, have not yet been wholly abandoned, even if they occur in a minor measure since they can improve learning by adopting technology and developing technological skills. The research question is: How does technology influence the improvement of remote learning? The main objective is to provide information about the influence of technological advances on education, allowing people to become “smarter” according to Transhumanist theory, despite the results of learning losses, during the pandemic. To answer the main question, we considered the Mexican case during the pandemic, and a perspective for future years will be presented by re-examining those teaching practices related to the learning acquired using technological tools during that period. Following a mixed approach, we conducted a literature review analyzing and triangulating documental and theoretical works. Furthermore, we undertook a quantitative analysis to study the possible relationship between technological advances, learning losses, and the human condition with remote learning during the pandemic. The results proposed mostly a negative relationship amongst the variables considered, as students preferred face-to-face learning over remote education.
... The concept of AI has progressed over time , transitioning from early definitions that characterized AI as possessing a form of intelligence, to contemporary interpretations that describe AI as capable of autonomous action on extensive datasets (Sterne, 2017), culminating in a prospective scenario where AI may surpass human intelligence, referred to as the technological singularity (Kurzweil, 2005). The AI effect (McCorduck 2004) refers to the phenomenon whereby an AI application, upon achieving general acceptance, ceases to be seen as AI. ...
This study evaluates the influence and ROI of AI and Metaverse technologies in the tourism industry using both quantitative & qualitative research methodologies. The quantitative research, derived from survey of 384 participants, shows substantial connections between the use of these technologies and improved financial performance, customer happiness, operational efficiency, and logistical optimization. Regression underscores the significant impact of AI and Metaverse technologies on ROI and sustainable tourism. The qualitative methodology with interviews of 60 stakeholders, reveals profound insights into the ways AI driven customization, dynamic pricing, and virtual experiences enhance consumer engagement and augment operational efficiency. Participants highlighted the technologies' capacity to enhance economic resilience in tourism reliant areas and safeguard cultural assets. The results indicate that AI and Metaverse technologies are essential for sustainable development, operational improvement, and customer happiness in tourism, offering an edge in a more competitive industry.
... The latter are moreover projected to outperform humans in all respects and, thus, to bring the human age to a close and transform civilisation beyond recognition. This development is presented as the realisation of 'the singularity' (Vinge, 1993) or 'technological singularity' (Kurzweil, 2005; and entry into 'the post-singularity world' (Chalmers, 2010), which is equivalent to 'the post-human world' (Thompson 2017). With consequences for the deep-seated anthropological foundations of society, this imagined world would be populated not by carbon-based biological humans, but by silicon-based, post-human, self-enhancing super-intelligent machines and cyborg. ...
Guided by a contemporary interpretation of Hegelian dialectics, this chapter offers a detailed social-scientific analysis of digital society. The analysis considers all ten agents generating digital society, their goals and ideals as well as the cultural models and meta-level conceptual and normative conditions defining and structuring the world in which they find themselves and allowing them to think, imagine and act as they do. The dialectics of digital society involves the relation between the two major collective coalitions – the technology and critical agents – as well as between their respective ideas of digital society – ‘technological singularity’ and ‘digital humanism’. The outcome of this dialectical mediation of incommensurable dimensions in need of harmonisation, if not unification, is the central question: either the danger of technocratic domination by an oligarchical autocracy or a balanced integration of technology in the human, historical, sociocultural world. Against the technocrats and their insidious ideology, therefore, are not simply the humanists, who are in danger of being misled by the ideological mechanism of ‘post-humanism’, but rather those humanists who nevertheless recognise the anthropological necessity of technology. For them, we urgently need the creation of a human society in which technology is embedded and is both socio-culturally and politically governed and regulated. Dialectically, the formation of both the major agents and their projected ideas of digital society is analysed in terms of Hegel’s logic of singularity-particularity-universality, which incidentally coincides with the logic of cognitive sociological reasoning. Similarly, the historical construction and realisation of digital society is understood in terms of this same dialectical pattern, which accords precisely with Hegel’s requirement for ‘the realisation of the Idea’ in a ‘concrete universal’.
... 6 Once developed, TAI will likely be agentic, able to control a variety of physical actuators, as well as having the ability to improve itself through a cascade of recursive selfimprovements to become decidedly superhuman (equivalently, it could develop its superhuman successor). This "intelligence explosion" (or "take-off") phase may culminate in technological singularity (as described and discussed by Kurzweil, 2005;Roodman, 2020;Davidson, 2023)a state in which human input will no longer be needed to sustain the global economy and civilization. ...
Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to a diverse set of predictions about its long-term impact on humanity. A central focus is the potential emergence of transformative AI (TAI), eventually capable of outperforming humans in all economically valuable tasks and fully automating labor. Discussed scenarios range from human extinction after a misaligned TAI takes over ("AI doom") to unprecedented economic growth and abundance ("post-scarcity"). However, the probabilities and implications of these scenarios remain highly uncertain. Here, we organize the various scenarios and evaluate their associated existential risks and economic outcomes in terms of aggregate welfare. Our analysis shows that even low-probability catastrophic outcomes justify large investments in AI safety and alignment research. We find that the optimizing representative individual would rationally allocate substantial resources to mitigate extinction risk; in some cases, she would prefer not to develop TAI at all. This result highlights that current global efforts in AI safety and alignment research are vastly insufficient relative to the scale and urgency of existential risks posed by TAI. Our findings therefore underscore the need for stronger safeguards to balance the potential economic benefits of TAI with the prevention of irreversible harm. Addressing these risks is crucial for steering technological progress toward sustainable human prosperity.
... Jiang et al., 2024;Yang et al., 2024a;Meta, 2024), revolutionizing AI's role and empowering a wide range of downstream domains (Hendrycks et al., 2020;Wei et al., 2022b;Liu et al., 2024a). These advancements collectively mark a transition from Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), which can only perform on a single/few narrow tasks (Kurzweil, 2005; Broussard, 2018) (a.k.a., Weak AI), towards Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) that matches human intelligence on a variety of tasks with strong generalization capability (Hutter, 2005;Goertzel, 2014;Bubeck et al., 2023) (one definition of Strong AI). Although AGI remains a largely unrealized milestone (Morris et al., 2024), the rapid advancement of model capabilities has ignited discussions about Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), a futuristic scenario where AI surpasses the intelligence of all humans in all measured domains (Pohl, 2015;Batin et al., 2017). ...
The recent leap in AI capabilities, driven by big generative models, has sparked the possibility of achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and further triggered discussions on Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), a system surpassing all humans across all domains. This gives rise to the critical research question of: If we realize ASI, how do we align it with human values, ensuring it benefits rather than harms human society, a.k.a., the Superalignment problem. Despite ASI being regarded by many as solely a hypothetical concept, in this paper, we argue that superalignment is achievable and research on it should advance immediately, through simultaneous and alternating optimization of task competence and value conformity. We posit that superalignment is not merely a safeguard for ASI but also necessary for its realization. To support this position, we first provide a formal definition of superalignment rooted in the gap between capability and capacity and elaborate on our argument. Then we review existing paradigms, explore their interconnections and limitations, and illustrate a potential path to superalignment centered on two fundamental principles. We hope this work sheds light on a practical approach for developing the value-aligned next-generation AI, garnering greater benefits and reducing potential harms for humanity.
... As a researcher, can I predict the digital future? Will the future result in a singularity (a moment when human biology merges with genetics, nanotechnology, and robotics) (Kurzweil 2006) or singularities (the ongoing fabrication of subjects, objects and collectives as unique, the social culturalization of the technological, and the intensification of affect generated by digitalization) (Reckwitz 2017)? I have no idea. ...
Using empirical cases that show the entanglement of material and immaterial aspects of digital technologies within the dynamic spatiotemporalities of everyday practices, this book argues for a more sophisticated and local understanding of how the interactions between digital platforms and urban lives are implicated in the making/remaking geographies of consumption from a non-Western perspective.
... Сингулярність буде провісником початку нової ери, в якій фізична та розумова досконалість будуть нормою поряд із неймовірним добробутом та свободою. Ці плоди прогресу не випадуть лише частці наявним привілейованим класам, а дістануться всім людським істотам» (Kurzweil, 2023). Учені створили техносферу з кращих спонукань, матеріалізуючи на благо людини свої відкриття математики, фізики, біології. ...
В статті проаналізовано модуси і атрибути соціальної сингулярності, що дозволило з’ясувати смислове наповнення понятійної конструкції «соціальна сингулярність». Тому, метою статті буде розкрити сутність соціальної сингулярності, визначити її характеристики, як складної, багатовимірної соціальної системи, що презентує нову модель майбутнього. В статті розглянуто сучасну ситуацію соціального як: «розпад», «межу», «безперервне переривання» або сингулярність. Зроблена спроба концептуалізувати соціальну сингулярність як символічність індивіда в умовах порядку або квазі-порядку. Дано визначення соціальної сингулярністі – як стану суспільства, коли швидкість і глибина змін стають настільки інтенсивними, що традиційні механізми розуміння та прогнозування перестають бути ефективними. Зазначено, що соціальна сингулярність часто асоціюється з технологічною сингулярністю, але розглядає ширші аспекти: етичні, соціокультурні, політичні. Визначено, що модуси і атрибути соціальної сингулярності – це різні форми, способи, характеристики через які будуть проявлятись унікальність і винятковість, індивідуалізм у суспільстві.Для проведення дослідження ключову роль відіграли праці, що найбільш дозволяють розглянути соціальну сингулярність у методологічному аспекті постмодерністських теорій. Розуміння сутності соціальної сингулярності розглядається крізь призму коеволюції природи та суспільства в умовах стрімкого технологічного прогресу та зміни ролі інформаційного середовища. Зазначено, що онтологічна матриця діджиталізованого простору формує модель ідеалізованої, віртуальної реальності, певної утопії, в якій сучасна людина може загубитись і зовсім не отримати переможних можливостей для свого життя. Отже, в статті наголошується, що ресурси, які виробляються технологічною інфраструктурою в XXI столітті, дозволяють вибудувати нову соціальну систему, в якій принципи людиноцентризму, гідності, поваги до людини стануть пріоритетними. Зазначимо, що соціальна сингулярність – це точка відліку, що фіксує сучасні зміни в суспільстві. Основна ідея нашої статті, полягає в тому, щоб показати, що ми живемо в епоху, коли технологічні і соціальні зміни тісно взаємопов’язані. Послаблення централізованих інституціональних форм бізнеса, монополій, бюрократичних груп призведе до розвитку децентралізованих, гнучких виробництв, що будуть породжувати унікальність і винятковість соціально-економічного, політичного життя людства. Суть соціальної сингулярності полягає в тому, що ми переходимо від суспільства, орієнтованого на стандартизацію та масове виробництво, до суспільства, де високо цінується індивідуальність та винятковість. Це стосується як матеріальних предметів, так і освіти, кар’єри, культури і навіть соціальних відносин.
... This concept, initially introduced by John von Neumann and further developed by Vernor Vinge (Vinge, 1993) in the context of general development issues, describes a world where machine intelligence overwhelmingly surpasses human intelligence with all the ensuing consequences. This state is characterized by exponential growth in collective knowledge (Kurzweil, 2014), which was previously limited by the constraints of human cognition. These developments raise pressing questions about the structure of ethical principles and cultural boundaries to regulate AI in the context of scientific and technological ethics (Jinsong, 2023). ...
This study presents, for the first time, a conceptual and formal model of postsingular science (PSS), which analyses and interprets changes in scientific knowledge driven by accelerating technological progress, singularity, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into scientific processes. The PSS model is based on the interplay of six key components: cumulative knowledge, intelligence, technological synergy, quantum information, social dynamics, and environmental sustainability. The interaction of these variables is described through a system of nonlinear differential equations, reflecting the complex feedback loops and synergetic effects characteristic of the postsingular world. A differentiation table contrasting postsingular and classical science is also presented, highlighting the most fundamental differences between contemporary classical science and future postsingular science. The model emphasizes the synergy between humans and artificial intelligence, the role of quantum technologies in accelerating scientific discovery, and the impact of social and ecological factors that either constrain or stimulate scientific progress. It is anticipated that new forms of scientific information dissemination will replace traditional academic publications and that scientific processing will reach an entirely new level of development following the singularity-driven acceleration of technological progress and the integration of AI into R&D. This will herald an era of nonstop, ultrarapid science operating 24/7. The synergy of humans and artificial intelligence will create a scientific union on the basis of fundamentally new principles and methods. This research provides an initial theoretical foundation for further interdisciplinary studies aimed at developing sustainable strategies and effectively managing scientific progress in the postsingular era.
... Transhumanism commits to the idea of a transhuman singularity (Kurzweil 2006): the idea of a moment in the future in which machine intelligence will become superior to human intelligence. Associated with this is the quest for immortality. ...
... 8, Рис. 9) [Pittock, 2009;Scafetta, 2023 [Pennisi, 2006;Kholmanskiy, 2019a;Kurzweil, 2014], «Страсть к знанию стала новым органическим чувством человека, …как зрение или любовь» [Platonov, 1927]. И также, как в случае гена речи, роль мутагенного фактора может сыграть ℵ γ и главной его мишенью станет механизм полового размножения, как наиболее чувствительный к действию экзо и эндогенных факторов. ...
... 8, Рис. 9) [Pittock, 2009;Scafetta, 2023 [Pennisi, 2006;Kholmanskiy, 2019a;Kurzweil, 2014], «Страсть к знанию стала новым органическим чувством человека, …как зрение или любовь» [Platonov, 1927]. И также, как в случае гена речи, роль мутагенного фактора может сыграть ℵ γ и главной его мишенью станет механизм полового размножения, как наиболее чувствительный к действию экзо и эндогенных факторов. ...
In November 2022, Europe and the world by and large were stunned by the birth of a new large language model : ChatGPT. Ever since then, both academic and populist discussions have taken place in various public spheres such as LinkedIn and X(formerly known as Twitter) with the view to both understand the tool and its benefits for the society. The views of real actors in professional spaces, especially in regulated industries such as finance and law have been largely missing. We aim to begin to close this gap by presenting results from an empirical investigation conducted through interviews with professional actors in the Fintech industry. The paper asks the question, how and to what extent are large language models in general and ChatGPT in particular being adopted and used in the Fintech industry? The results show that while the fintech experts we spoke with see a potential in using large language models in the future, a lot of questions marks remain concerning how they are policed and therefore might be adopted in a regulated industry such as Fintech. This paper aims to add to the existing academic discussing around large language models, with a contribution to our understanding of professional viewpoints.
How do we tell which events in evolution are the most important? Cognitive Archaeologists have identified seven stages in the methods used by our ancestors to teach, mostly, how to make and use tools. What they all have in common was that every teaching method was eventually found to be inadequate to pass on some particular new innovation, and that a new teaching method was needed. The purpose of this chapter is to find out whether these events follow an accelerating pattern. The results reveal that growth of complexity in evolution is deterministic. And that evolution is not a single process but a set of processes that arise one at a time. This is true of the two biological evolution processes, the seven cultural evolution processes and possibly three technology processes. The common factor is the transfer of information to the next generation. A hypothesis is presented that makes use of Chaos Theory Universality to explain how multiple levels of evolution can be integrated into one theory. The results challenge the established framework of evolutionary theory. The dates of our next evolutionary steps are predicted by the theory. What the steps will be is not predicted. Hoggard also looks at the hypothesis from a Big History point of view to examine its relevance to efforts to standardize periodization. The periodization presented is very closely tied to the hypothesis and its success or otherwise. In many ways it is unsuitable for attempts to find a common framework for periodization. For example, it has (theoretically) an infinite number of events as evolution accelerates. Also, five of the first ten events are about tools and language, which is unusual in Big History literature.
This paper critiques the dominance of the precautionary principle (PP) in shaping global regulation of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), arguing that its bias toward risk aversion suppresses innovation and entrepreneurial discovery. While Austrian economists have traditionally resisted regulatory engagement, this paper advances a second-best approach that accepts regulation as inevitable and seeks to shape it in ways consistent with Austrian insights. Drawing on Israel Kirzner’s framework of regulatory perils, the paper develops an Austrian-friendly regulatory agenda rooted in robust political economy. This agenda includes rebuttable presumptions of non-intervention, red teaming, sunset clauses, and soft-law alternatives aimed at preserving decentralized experimentation under uncertainty. Rather than retreating to idealized laissez-faire, the paper offers a pragmatic path for engaging with policymakers to ensure that regulation of GenAI remains adaptive, knowledge-sensitive, and discovery-compatible. By reframing Austrian economics as a contributor to governance under radical ignorance, the paper provides both a critique of current AI regulatory trends and a constructive alternative grounded in the Austrian tradition.
AI is often called a ‘myth’, in the sense that there is a gap between the promises and the actual technology. But there are deeper and more productive connections between myth and AI, and more generally, myth and technology. This paper argues that myths are important ways in which cultures make sense of technology and that studying and working on myths is needed for critically evaluating our relation to AI. It supports this claim (1) by establishing a basis for the importance of myth vis-à-vis technology in a revised version of Blumenberg’s existentialist philosophical anthropology that sees myth as a response to what I call ‘the absolutism of technology’ and (2) by showing how thinking about AI is structured and shaped by creation myths and how difficult it is to go beyond them. This not only offers some building blocks for a framework for critical analysis for contemporary debates about AI in terms of myths but also invites us to reflect on the limits of our thinking about technology in general.
Chemical Artificial Intelligence (CAI) is the burgeoning research field devising chemical systems in “wetware” (i.e., in liquid solutions) to mimic biological intelligence competencies. UV–visible radiation is valuable for maintaining those systems out‐of‐equilibrium, prompting them to respond to optical and other physicochemical signals and probing their evolution. As it occurs in all the kingdoms of life, photochromic compounds play a relevant role. Several living beings exploit photochromic switches for variegate responses to the features of the environmental light. This work proposes a plausible justification by evidencing how each photochrome can be conceived as a trivial form of Markov blanket and implement (i) forward, (ii) final, and (iii) circular causalities. Furthermore, photochromic materials are appropriate for processing Boolean and fuzzy logic, exploiting their chemical reactivity, chaos, and quantum computing. Finally, photochromic molecules and oscillatory chemical reactions are promising ingredients for developing neuromorphic engineering in wetware based on optical signals. CAI inspires the design of adaptive, active, and autonomous chemical systems, which help humanity to colonize the molecular world against diseases, pollution, and poverty.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in art exhibitions, specifically how it enhances exhibition efficiency, improves user experience, and creates new avenues for artistic engagement. Theoretical Framework: This research is grounded in a relational framework that examines the interaction between AI-driven and traditional art exhibitions, highlighting how technological advancements influence curatorial practices and audience engagement. Method: A mixed-methods approach is employed, consisting of a comprehensive literature review, in-depth interviews with curators and artists, surveys from exhibition attendees, and inductive analysis of current AI applications in the field. This methodology ensures a holistic understanding of the current trends and challenges in integrating AI into the exhibition process. Results and Discussion: The study finds that AI-powered exhibitions present significant benefits, such as enabling personalized experiences for visitors, streamlining the curatorial process through data-driven insights, and creating new forms of interaction between art and technology. However, challenges persist, particularly in maintaining a balance between AI’s technological potential and the preservation of artistic integrity. Traditional exhibitions, though still dominant, are increasingly complemented by AI-driven formats that cater to modern demands for innovation and efficiency. Research Implications: The findings highlight the need for strategies that carefully integrate AI technologies without compromising the artistic experience. This includes leveraging AI for personalized engagement, improving curatorial processes, and fostering a symbiotic relationship between humans and machines to enhance creativity and interactivity. Value: This research offers novel insights into the future of art exhibitions by proposing strategies to effectively incorporate AI while ensuring that the essence of traditional art curation is not lost. Its value lies in providing practical guidelines for balancing technological innovation with artistic authenticity, fostering creative thinking, and meeting evolving audience expectations.
La posible creación de formas de Inteligencia Artificial cada vez más cercanas, equivalentes o superiores a la inteligencia humana, nos plantea nuevos y complejos dilemas ético-jurídicos. Dada la creciente sofisticación de la IA, resulta crucial investigar si cabría dotarla de estatus moral y jurídico, y cómo ello se manifestaría en el reconocimiento de derechos y deberes para los entes artificiales. El objetivo es determinar las consecuencias iusfilosóficas derivadas del reconocimiento de derechos a la IA avanzada en relación a los fundamentos de los derechos humanos. Tras el necesario análisis conceptual, se concluye que se requiere un nuevo paradigma ético-jurídico que reconcilie cautamente unos hipotéticos derechos de las entidades con IA con los derechos de la especie humana.
The aim of the article is to analyze the notions of savage, cyborg, and robot, placing them in the historical and sociocultural context of the representations of Western modernity and its relations with otherness. It relies on an interpretative and critical method based on the discussion of a multimodal corpus (bibliographical, but also allusive to cinema and music), which takes these three figures as cultural metaphors of modern historicity that reaches up to contemporary technoscientific versions. Throughout the paper, the ideas of civilization and progress, the imaginaries of the human articulated by posthumanism and transhumanism are reviewed, and the notion of extramodernity is proposed as a way of grasping the cultural dilemmas of our time. In conclusion, the validity of an anthropological humanism different from the rationalist and Eurocentric one is defended.
The contributions included in this Crossing Boundaries section reflect upon infrastructural temporality, chronopolitics and natural history in relation to the Anthropocene and climate change. Vando Borghi examines infrastructure capitalism and regimes of historicity, arguing that infrastructural synchronization dispossesses individuals of agency, producing “uncertizenship”.
He invites us to delve into “ruins thinking” and an “epistemology of coordination” to inhabit this condition and re-territorialize infrastructures. Luigi Pellizzoni interrogates whether the Anthropocene narrative represents a break from or continuity with late capitalist modernity’s politics of time. Addressing the concept of “non-trivial futures”, he argues that the Anthropocene
aligns with and strengthens capitalism’s recursive temporality and
secular eschatology, opening space for conservative or reactionary designs. Finally, Paolo Savoia traces a “revival” of natural history in the environmental humanities, enabled by temporal short-circuits between the 16th and 21st
centuries. Early modern natural history is revealed as preluding anthropology that blurred nature-culture divides and anticipates a notion of “third nature” which challenges the scalability logic characteristic of modernity.
Keywords
Anthropocene; regime of historicity; politics of time; infrastructural
capitalism; uncertizenship; natural history.
Se examina la creciente intersección entre la Inteligencia Artificial y la Teología, explorando cómo la tecnología digital ha permeado no solo la esfera cotidiana, sino también aspectos profundos de nuestras concepciones y prácticas religiosas. Con la aparición de la Inteligencia Artificial en la gran mayoría de los diferentes aspectos de la vida humana e incluso en su capacidad para generar contenido religioso, nos encontramos en un nuevo paradigma tecnológico digital que desafía nuestras concepciones tradicionales. El desarrollo de la Inteligencia Artificial parece ir más allá de la mera recopilación de datos, plantea preguntas fundamentales sobre la naturaleza de la humanidad, así como sobre su inminente impacto en la teología. Se explora como la Inteligencia Artificial podría traspasar las fronteras de la religión, que pertenece a una zona propiamente humana. Además, se enfatiza la importancia de fomentar la colaboración interdisciplinaria entre la teología, y la Inteligencia Artificial para guiar un uso responsable de esta tecnología digital en contextos teológicos. Esta propuesta investigativa destaca la urgencia de abordar los desafíos teológicos que surgen con la integración creciente de la Inteligencia Artificial en la Teología. Aboga por la construcción de un marco teológico sólido y promueve la colaboración interdisciplinaria para asegurar una coexistencia armoniosa entre la Teología y la Inteligencia Artificial en un mundo cada vez más interconectado, tecnológicamente avanzado y menos humano.
The research is aimed at clarifying the nature of the main challenges experienced by modern civilization, the construction of possible future scenarios, as also the search for the steps that could prevent a slide into global catastrophe. According to the author, the main challenges of our time, should be considered in three main dimensions: 1) in the plane of conflict between civilization and wildlife; 2) as the internal contradictions of civilization itself; 3) as the contradictions of human existence in relation to the world of supertechnologies. Author substantiates the idea that the first group of contradictions is possible to overcome by the way of minimizing human intervention in nature, minimizing technologism; overcoming of the second and third groups of contradictions lies in the plane of maximizing of (the maximum improvement) technologism. Paradox is apparent, its resolution will be exam that humanity must pass to get a skip in the future. An adequate response to the global challenges of our time involves solving a large range of issues. Radical transformation of the mental sphere is key among them. It should not only change its form, speaking relatively, rising from the human to the superhuman level, but be filled with new appropriate content.
The extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH), the hypothesis that an extraterrestrial civilization (ETC) is active on Earth today, is taboo in academia, but the assumptions behind this taboo are faulty. Advances in biology have rendered the notion that complex life is rare in our Galaxy improbable. The objection that no ETC would come to Earth to hide from us does not consider all possible alien motives or means. For an advanced ETC, the convergent instrumental goals of all rational agents – self-preservation and the acquisition of resources – would support the objectives of removing existential threats and gathering strategic and non-strategic information. It could advance these objectives by proactively gathering information about and from inhabited planets, concealing itself while doing so, and terminating potential rivals before they become imminently dangerous. Other hypotheses of ETC behavior, including the zoo/interdict hypothesis and the dark forest hypothesis also undercut the claim that the ETH is highly improbable, and the ETH overturns none of our well-tested scientific knowledge. It follows that evidence offered in its support need not be extraordinary. The fact that most reports of unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP) have natural or human explanations does not count against the ETH. Inference to the best explanation offers a way to find evidence for the hypothesis and some evidence exists, some of it taking the form of reliable witness reports. The most plausible alternative explanation for some UAP declines in probability over time. A hypothesis that does not contradict well-established facts or theories, is not highly improbable for other reasons, and explains otherwise unexplained evidence is a rational hypothesis. Since the ETH meets this test, it should be evaluated alongside other possibilities when the case-specific evidence warrants it.
This chapter synthesises the content from previous chapters to assess the impact of AI on human rights. It begins with a brief overview of the AI–human rights relationship, followed by an in-depth exploration of two conflicting perspectives. The first perspective addresses human rights infringements by AI systems, while the second, less-studied perspective investigates the violation of “machine rights”. The chapter concludes by outlining potential solutions for the issues discussed.
Digital systems raise serious concerns in individuals regarding their role in human society. This scenario asks for human-centric development and use of computing systems, avoiding making humans inadequate in a deeply automated society.
Ray Kurzweil has been predicting the future of IT and other advanced technologies for 25 years. And for the most part, he has stuck with the dates for various inventions he started with. His predictions would imply that the next 50 years will be considerably more revolutionary than the last.
En este trabajo se explora la pertinencia de la figura y modelo de identidad del cíborg para el Comparatismo Intermedial. Se ofrece un panorama de problemas asociados susceptibles de análisis, junto a un corpus transmedial de textos culturales relacionados con la ciencia ficción y el cyberpunk seleccionados por su relevancia canónica en cada medio considerado. La Literatura Comparada siempre ha sido una disciplina de fronteras, abordando fenómenos literarios que trascienden las literaturas y lenguas nacionales, basándose en la movilidad de temas, textos, géneros, formas y autores. Posteriormente, ha atendido a las intersecciones de lo literario con otros discursos culturales, especialmente las artes visuales. En la transición del siglo XX al XXI, ya en la denominada cultura postdigital, se ha consolidado el Comparatismo Intermedial, una versión de la Literatura Comparada que desplaza la centralidad de las categorías de lengua y texto hacia la de medio, considerando la intermedialidad, la remediación y la transmedialidad como conceptos y prácticas culturales centrales. En 2024, primer año post explosión de la IA generativa en el sistema de medios y la cultura postdigital global, se reactiva el potencial de un mito que se convierte en categoría teórica central para estudiar las relaciones entre cultura (literatura) y tecnología: el cíborg, un ser en la frontera entre lo orgánico y lo artificial.
Tüm canlılar için kaçınılmaz son olan ölüm, eski çağlardan bu yana bireyin zihninde önemli bir sorun olarak yer almaktadır. Tüm insanlık ölümden, onun soğuk yüzünden çekinmekte ve korkmaktadır. Ölümün bir son ya da yeni bir başlangıç olup olmadığı inanış biçimlerine göre farklılaşmakta ve değişikliğe uğramaktadır. Ölüm bir son ya da yeni bir hayatın başlangıcı da olsa ölümün kesin olarak gerçekleşeceği düşüncesi, insanlık için arzulanan bir durum değildir. Birey tarihten bu yana ölümsüz olma hayalleri kurarak yaşamıştır. Ölüm ve ölümsüzlük düşüncesi felsefenin de önemli konuları arasında kendine yer bulmuştur. Platon’dan başlayarak birçok felsefeci ölümü beden ve ruh bağlamında ele alarak bedeni ölümlü ruhu ise ölümsüz olarak değerlendirmiştir. Yaşanan toplumsal dönüşümler, bilim ve teknolojinin ilerlemesi ölüm ve ölümsüzlük düşüncesinin de değişime uğramasını sağlamıştır. Ölümsüzlük günümüzde henüz bulunamamış olsa da gelişen biyoteknoloji, nöro teknoloji, enformasyon teknolojisi, nanoteknoloji gibi teknolojiler sayesinde insan, yaşlanma, hastalıkları bertaraf etme, yaşam ömrünü uzatma hatta ölüme çare bulma mücadelesi içine girmiş böylece ölümsüzlük düşüncesi de dönüşüme uğramıştır. Birey günümüzde teknolojik ürünlerin yardımıyla vücuda entegre edilebilen ürünler sayesinde hibrit bedenler (hybrid-body) oluşturarak yaşamı sonsuz kılma çabasını halen devam ettirmektedir. Bu anlamda çalışmanın amacı, teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında bireyin ölümsüz olma çabasını teknolojik gelişmeler, kültürel kodlar ve gelecek öngörülerinin birer yansıması durumunda olan sinema anlatıları bağlamında okumaktır. Bu amaçla yönetmenliğini Neill Blomkamp’ın yaptığı Elysium (Elysium: Yeni Cennet, 2013) ve Leigh Whannell’in Upgrade (Yükselme, 2018) adlı anlatıları nitel metin çözümlemelerinden biri olan betimsel analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda her iki anlatıda da nanoteknoloji, nöroteknoloji gibi gelişmeler sayesinde hibrit bedenler vasıtasıyla insan ömrünün uzatılabileceği hatta ölümsüz olabileceği bulgulanmıştır.
In John von Neumann’s death on February 8, 1957, the world of mathematics lost a most original, penetrating, and versatile mind. Science suffered the loss of a universal intellect and a unique interpreter of mathematics, who could bring the latest (and develop latent) applications of its methods to bear on problems of physics, astronomy, biology, and the new technology. Many eminent voices have described and praised his contributions. It is my aim to add here a brief account of his life and of his work from a background of personal acquaintance and friendship extending over a period of 25 years.
The Spike: Accelerating into the Unimaginable Future
- D Broderick
The Spike: How Our Lives Are Being Transformed by Rapidly Advancing Technologies, rev
- D Broderick
The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era,’ VISION-21 Symposium, sponsored by the NASA Lewis Research Center and the Ohio Aerospace Institute
- V Vinge