Chapter

Climate Security and Militarization: Geo-Economics and Geo-Securities of Climate Change

January 2015

DOI:10.1057/9781137318954_6

In book: Climate Terror (pp.132-155)

Authors:

Sanjay Chaturvedi

Panjab University

Although there have been conflicts over resources since the earliest human societies, interest in both renewable and non-renewable resources within environmental security frameworks has dramatically increased since the end of the Cold War (Doyle 2008). Security is usually understood in state-centric terms, ‘concerned with intentional physical (mainly military) threats to the integrity and independence of the nation-state’ (Scrivener 2002: 184).

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Chapter

Cyber and the Changing Nature of Conflict

January 2014

Julian Richards

This chapter examines the debates around the changing nature of conflict, and the manner in which the cyber element has been presented as a new revolution in military affairs. The analysis notes how conflict has evolved and mutated under processes of globalisation, particularly since the end of the Cold War, whereby asymmetric tactics and strategies are increasingly the norm. Cyber methodologies ... [Show full abstract] have the potential to represent the archetypal modern asymmetric technique, especially when wielded against a highly networked nation and military such as those of the US. The conclusion is that cyber has both offered modern ways of conducting old activities (such as information operations) and, at the same time, offered the potential for wholly new ways of conducting warfare in the future.

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Transnational environmental crime threatens sustainable development

August 2019 · Nature Sustainability

Transnational environmental crime has become the largest financial driver of social conflict, with severe implications for peace and security. Sustainable-development frameworks need to overtly recognize and mitigate the risks posed by transnational environmental crime to environmental security.

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Landmarks in Analysing Contemporary Conflicts: Between Tradition and the Need for Innovation

October 2017 · Vojenské rozhledy

Alexandra Sarcinschi

The paper discusses the correlation between methodologies of conflict analysis and dynamics of international security environment and highlights the need to tailor these methodologies to the rapid sequencing of world events. The analytical approach starts with an overview on the general theory of conflict, whereupon the author focuses on the most widely used models of contemporary conflict ... [Show full abstract] analysis and summarizes the way they approach the same conflict, namely the recent events in Ukraine, in order to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of each model. The final part of the paper develops, instead of conclusions, the correlation between the two analysed items and the way in which specific components of the methodologies can be adapted to the development of main characteristics of the international security environment.

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Distanciamento versus engajamento: alguns aportes conceituais para a análise da inserção do multilat...

December 2010 · Contexto Internacional

In the last years, different frameworks were created with the purpose to help analysts understand the transitions in Brazilian foreign relations since the end of Cold War, several of them using dichotomist conceptual pairs like distance/participation and distance/integration. The objective of this work is present four case studies in Brazilian multilateral relations in which the "thesis of ... [Show full abstract] distance" will be analyzed, confronting it with new primary sources. In three cases there is clear conflict with the concept under exam. In other case, it will be evaluated the use of Cold War in the periodization of Brazilian foreign policy. It will be argued, with the presentation of those cases, that it is not possible to encompass all Brazilian multilateral actions in the Cold War in the conceptual framework of "distance". Besides, the cases will also expound that Brazil was far from maintaining systematic distance, absence or isolation; and even when that was the result, several times it was not a tactical position of Brazil.

Chapter

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The assessment of climate change-related vulnerability in the agricultural sector: reviewing concept...

January 2012

Thomas Fellmann

The objective of this paper is to provide a review of conceptual frameworks for the assessment of climate change related vulnerability and give some examples of their application to the agricultural sector. Therefore the paper reviews existing interpretations, concepts and frameworks of vulnerability approaches in the climate change context. It has to be noted that the paper does not attempt to ... [Show full abstract] give a complete literature review on the vast interpretations and alternative concepts of vulnerability approaches. Instead, the paper rather aims to give a brief overview on main characteristics in vulnerability approaches, highlight major differences in alternative vulnerability interpretations, and give some reference examples for the agricultural sector. In doing so, the paper aims to (i) help reducing complexity by easing understanding and communication, (ii) assist the comparison of different vulnerability approaches to identify differences and detect gaps, and (iii) serve as a guiding principle and useful reference for vulnerability assessment in the agricultural sector.

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Ethical frameworks for obstetrics and gynaecology

October 2003 · The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist

Most aspects of the doctor-patient relationship have an ethical dimension and the potential to pose ethical dilemmas. The depth and breadth of ethical issues in obstetrics and gynaecology cannot possibly be covered in a short article. However, this article offers a guide to help discussion. Three main philosophical frameworks used by professional ethicists to examine ethical dilemmas are ... [Show full abstract] described, together with some of their methodology. We end with some practical suggestions of how to avoid ethical conflicts and of how to approach ethical dilemmas when they arise.

Article

Assessing the Dynamic Reaction of the USSR to American and Chinese Actions and to Its Nuclear Gap wi...

February 1978 · International Interactions

This paper compares two conceptual frameworks in an attempt to explain Soviet con‐flictual and cooperative behavior toward the USA between 1964 and 1973. Each conceptual framework was formed by integrating three different theoretical propositions. The first framework assumes that the relationship between the USSR and the USA is largely dyadic, while the second framework also accounts for the ... [Show full abstract] behavior of the PRC toward the USSR.The independent variables for the first framework are: 1) changes in differences of nuclear capabilities between the USA and the USSR; 2) conflict sent by the USA to the USSR and; 3) Soviet perceptions toward “Detente” and “Cold War.” For the second framework we kept the first and third independent variables and included Chinese behavior toward the USSR. Our conclusions support the contention that the USSR was predominantly conflictual toward the USA until they narrowed the nuclear gap. However, it strongly questions the argument that the USSR was influenced in its behavior toward the USA by the PRC in an attempt to overcome threats from the latter. On the contrary, our most interesting finding is that as the amount of conflict sent by the Chinese toward the Soviets increases, so does the amount of conflict sent by the USSR toward the USA.

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Distance versus engagement: some conceptual contributions to the analysis of Brazilian multilaterali...

December 2010 · Contexto Internacional

In the last years, different frameworks were created with the purpose to help analysts understand the transitions in Brazilian foreign relations since the end of Cold War, several of them using dichotomist conceptual pairs like distance/participation and distance/integration. The objective of this work is present four case studies in Brazilian multilateral relations in which the "thesis of ... [Show full abstract] distance" will be analyzed, confronting it with new primary sources. In three cases there is clear conflict with the concept under exam. In other case, it will be evaluated the use of Cold War in the periodization of Brazilian foreign policy. It will be argued, with the presentation of those cases, that it is not possible to encompass all Brazilian multilateral actions in the Cold War in the conceptual framework of "distance". Besides, the cases will also expound that Brazil was far from maintaining systematic distance, absence or isolation; and even when that was the result, several times it was not a tactical position of Brazil.

Article

Conflict Analysis in the Politico-Military Environment of a New World Order

February 1994 · Journal of the Operational Research Society

N. Gass

A methodology is developed to analyse present and future crisis and conflict potentials of small or large geopolitical regions. A set of criteria is used to describe the present economic, social, political and military conditions of a country and the future criteria trends. A multi-criteria decision analysis model is invoked to compute the crisis and conflict potentials under simultaneous ... [Show full abstract] consideration of all other countries in that region. The methodology is demonstrated in the crisis and conflict potentials analysis of the former Soviet republics including bordering countries.

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On improving the efficiency of the defence innovation process: an empirical framework

June 1994 · Technovation

This empirical study examines the innovation process within the defence environment from two perspectives, namely the users' (the military) and the producers' (industry). Unlike commercial innovations, in defence innovations the users play a more direct role and consequently have more control over the process.The premise of the study is that the lack of cooperation and conflict situations between ... [Show full abstract] users and producers have had devastating effects on the innovation process in terms of time and cost. Based on the data collected from 85 executives from 75 Canadian defence firms, ten domains of interaction between the two players are identified. The possible issues affecting innovation time and cost in each of these domains have been highlighted, and recommendations have been made on how to resolve these issues.

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Interpersonal Conflict and Organizational Commitment: Examining Two Levels of Supervisory Support as...

July 2006 · Journal of Applied Social Psychology

Using a stressor-strain framework, this research examined the role of supervisory support at 2 organizational levels in the relationship between the work stressor of interpersonal conflict and organizational commitment in a military sample. In all analyses, supervisory support at both levels was conceptualized and modeled as a shared group attribute. Results indicated that perceptions of ... [Show full abstract] interpersonal conflict within the organization were related negatively to both affective and continuance commitment. Support from both first-line supervisors and midlevel managers was related to employees’ affective commitment. First-line supervisor support was related also to employees’ continuance commitment. Furthermore, midlevel management support attenuated the relationship between interpersonal conflict and continuance commitment. Implications for the assessment of different levels of supervisory support, different variants of organizational commitment, and interpersonal conflict are discussed.

Conference Paper

ArgCBROnto: A Knowledge Representation Formalism for Case-Based Argumentation

August 2013

Argumentation is a powerful technique to harmonise conflicts in open multi-agent systems. However, the social context of agents determines in many situations the way in which agents can argue to reach agreements. In this paper, we advance research in the area of computational argumentation frameworks by proposing an ontological-based knowledge representation formalism for the design of open ... [Show full abstract] Multi-Agent Systems in which the participating software agents are able to manage and exchange arguments between themselves taking into account the agents' social context. Therefore, this formalism is represented by means of an ontology that is the core of a case-based argumentation framework for agent societies.