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Antioxidant Potential of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb)
Abstract
Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb) is a medicinal plant of the Zingiberaceae family. It grows in Indonesia and is used as a raw material for Indonesian traditional medicine. Temulawak is known to have many benefits, including being a potential antioxidant. The active component that is responsible for antioxidant activity in temulawak is curcumin. This study aims to analyze the potential of temulawak rhizome as an antioxidant. The raw materials used were obtained from temulawak rhizome farmers in Purworejo, Central Java. Extraction was performed using the liquid-liquid extraction method developed by PT Javaplant. Proximate analysis was performed and the antioxidant properties and curcumin level were measured. The antioxidant properties were measured using the DPPH method, whereas curcumin levels were measured using HPLC. The data obtained were processed and analyzed using SPSS and presented in the descriptive form. The curcumin and yield contents of the sample were 27.19 and 1.02%, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of temulawak (IC50) was 87.01 ppm. The Temulawak extract exhibited antioxidant activity that was classified as active and is therefore considered to be a good natural antioxidant.
... %), sesquiterpenes (-curcumene, ar-curcumene, bisabolane, lactone germacone), and flavonoids (Rohman et al., 2020). C. xanthorrhiza rhizomes contain a plethora of the active compounds terpenoids and curcuminoids (Zhang et al., 2014;Rahmat et al., 2021) which has antibacterial and antioxidan effects (Rosidi et al., 2016;Widyastuti et al., 2021). DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrihydazine), superoxide anion, iron-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and metal bonding activity were used in previous investigations to determine C. xanthorrhiza's antioxidant capacity (Devaraj et al., 2014). ...
... According to this study, curcumin acts as a potent antioxidant that reduces the consequences of oxidative stress. This is supported by a previous study using the DPPH method (Rosidi et al., 2016), which evaluated the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of C. xanthorrhiza using the liquid-liquid extraction technique in hexane. With an IC 50 value of 86 ppm, the C. xanthorrhiza extract was shown to have a reasonably potent antioxidant effect. ...
... It reduces oxidative damage through engaging with various biochemical processes, such as its capacity to neutralize metals that are toxic and modulate the functions of a large number of enzymes (Jakubczyk et al., 2020). Moreover, curcumin which also cointain in C. xanthorrhiza has a higher antioxidant capacity than vitamins E and C, and beta-carotene (Rosidi et al., 2016;Septiana et al., 2020). Curcumin is expected to be used as a semen supplement because of its capacity for antioxidants, as indicated by earlier research. ...
... Semakin rendah nilai IC50 suatu zat maka semakin tinggi aktivitas antioksidannya. Sedangkan menurut Widyastuti (2021) aktivitas antioksidan temulawak bergantung dari lokasi panennya, dari berbagai tempat dilakukan pengujian antioksidanya dan hasilnya beragam bergantung pada area panennya 14,15 . Selain itu, temulawak dapat meningkatkan nafsu makan melalui fungsinya sebagai karminativum (antiflatulen). ...
Stunting merupakan suatu keadaan dimana terjadi gangguan pertumbuhan anak yang tidak sesuai dengan usianya. Tercatat pada tahun 2022 angka stunting di Indonesia mencapai 21,6 %. Upaya pada pencegahan terhadap stunting salah satunya dengan pemberian suplemen nutrisi baik dalam bentuk sintetik maupun herbal. Suplemen nutrisi untuk pencegahan stunting di Indonesia sudah banyak diteliti dan beredar luas. Pemberian suplemen herbal beredar dalam berbagai bentuk sediaan diantaranya gummy candies, serbuk, tablet, sirup, suspensi,dan emulsi. Sampai saat ini belum pernah ada artikel yang mengulas berbagai bentuk sediaan yang dibuat untuk penunjang nutrisi tersebut. Artikel ini dibuat dengan tujuan memperoleh bentuk – bentuk sediaan dari natural resources sebagai suplemen nutrisi untuk mengoptimalkan upaya peningkatan nutrisi menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien. Artikel ulasan dilakukan dengan mencari artikel berkaitan yang diterbitkan 10 tahun terakhir dengan bantuan situs pencarian jurnal online yaitu Google Scholar dan Scopus menggunakan kata kunci “formulasi sediaan obat untuk stunting” “drug formulation for stunting” dan “natural resources drug for stunting”. Dari hasil tersebut didapatkan 12 artikel yang sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian yang terdiri dari beberapa bentuk sediaan obat menggunakan natural resources sebagai zat aktifnya. Berdasarkan penelusuran, bentuk sediaan serbuk tidak terbagi paling banyak digunakan dengan daun kelor dan rimpang temulawak sebagai bahan alam yang banyak dibuat menjadi sediaan untuk pencegahan stunting. Kedepannya diharapkan lebih banyak eksplorasi terkait natural resources yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk stunting karena sampai saat ini penelitian tersebut masih sangat terbatas.
... The main protease of SARS COVID-19 is Mpro (Liu, R.X et al., 2020) and 3D structure was obtained from Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein databank (RCSB PDB) (https://www.rcsb.org/), in PDB format. PDB is a library for the crystal structures of biological macromolecules (Rosidi, A et al., 2016). PDB ID: 6LU7, the Main protease of SARS COVID-19 was used as a protein target. ...
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) complaint is a new strain of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) found in 2019 at Wuhan city, China. Till date, there is no specific treatment against Covid-19 infection. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is one of the new approaches for identifying the lead compound in drug development. In the present study, we performed an in-silico study of the Triterpenoid compounds from Mangrove plant as potential COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors, which are used as a potential medicine target. Mangroves are salt-tolerant plant, rich in secondary metabolites. Generally, more than 16% of triterpenes are present in the Mangrove plant and possess many Pharmacological activities. In this study we used Molecular Docking using Auto Dock software. The binding energies obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with Beta-amyrin, Betulin, germanicol, taraxerol, lupeol, lupane, simiarenol, Tirucallol, Ursolic acid, Oleanolic acid, and Alpha-amyrin were − 8.37, -8.73, -8.06, -7.71, -8.32, -8.49, -8.16, -8.99, -9.24, -8.87 and − 8.89 kcal/mol, respectively. Further, these results were also confirmed by drug-likeness properties by using Swiss ADME software. This study showed Triterpenoid compounds seemed to have the best potential to act as COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors and they have a potential lead compound for the development of drugs, which can be used against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, further research like in-vivo and in-vitro examines is necessary to investigate their potential medicinal use.
... The structure of protein was obtained from PDB (https://www.rcsb.org/), in PDB format ( fig. 1). PDB is an archive for the crystal structures of biological macromolecules, worldwide [10] . ...
... Curcuma xantorrhizae (Temulawak), containing curcumin compounds and essential oils, has also known to have the potential as antioxidants, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and antidyslipidemic (Rosidi et al., 2016). Research by Bulboacă et al. showed that administration of curcumin in fructose 10%-induced rats lowers blood pressure, improves lipid profile, and works as hepatoprotective (Bulboacă et al., 2016). ...
Prolonged fructose intake can activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and enhance oxidative stress conditions, causing hypertension and hyperuricemia. This study aimed to determine the antihypertensive and antioxidant activity of Jamu B on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), level of glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidneys of Sprague Dawley rats induced by 10% fructose. Thirty rats were divided into six groups. Groups B1-B3 were Jamu groups at a dose of 0.12 g/kg BW (B1), 0.24 g/kg BW (B2), and 0.36 g/kg BW (B3); group C (positive control) was given captopril 0.1 g/kg BW, group D (negative control) was given only 10% fructose, and group E (normal control) was healthy rats. The 10% fructose was induced for eight weeks and the treatment was given on the week 9 th and 10 th. Jamu B reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure at all doses, but was not significantly different from the normal control group (p>0.05). The SOD activity in groups B1, B2, B3, and C was significantly different from the negative control group (p<0.05). However, GSH levels only showed a significant difference between B2, B3, C, and the negative control group (p<0.05). The MDA levels only showed a significant difference between B3 and the negative control group (p<0.05). Jamu B at the dose of 0.12 g/kg BW, 0.24 g/kg BW, and 0.36 g/kg BW have antihypertensive and antioxidant activity in the kidneys of rats induced by 10% fructose. Nevertheless, Jamu B at a dose of 0.36 g/kg BW was the most effective as an antihypertensive and antioxidant agent.
... Our quinoline-based compound as well as other synthetic and herbal ligands in sdf format were converted to PDB using Open Babel, by which input files were systematically calculated in vasuo free energy and determination of conformers led to retrieval of conformers with the lowest energy in order to reduce the input files [22,23]. Moreover, all of preprocessing steps according to previous researches were fulfilled via Autodock Tools (ADT) (1.5.6) [24]. ...
The genus Curcuma pertains to the Zingiberaceae family and consists of 70-80 species of perennial rhizomatous herbs. This genus originates in the Indo-Malayan region and it is broadly spread all over the world across tropical and subtropical areas. Curcuma xanthorrhiza belongs to the Zingiberaceae family is a rich source of phenolics and terpenoids with various bioactivities. This study aims to provide more information about botanical features, biological activities, essential oils, phytochemicals, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and optimization of C.xanthorrhiza by response surface methodology and HPLC for further advanced research. Because of its use in the medicinal and food industries, C.xanthorrhiza is an extremely important economic genus. C.xanthorrhiza rhizomes are the source of a yellow dye and have traditionally been utilized as spices and food preservers, as a garnishing agent, and also utilized for the handling of various illnesses because of the chemical substances found in them. Furthermore, Because of the discovery of new bioactive substances with a broad range of bioactivities, including antioxidants, antivirals, antimicrobials and anti-inflammatory activities, interest in their medicinal properties has increased. Lack of information concerning botanical features, biological activities, essential oils, phytochemicals, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and optimization of C.xanthorrhiza by response surface methodology and HPLC is the biggest problem that the researcher encountered. This review recommended that collecting information concerning the C.xanthorrhiza may be providing more opportunities for further advanced studies lead to avoid wasting time and use this information for further research on bioactive compounds which are beneficial in medicinal purposes.
Article Info ABSTRACT 10.30699/jambs.31.145.191 Background & Objective: Infertility is a health problem that affects 72.4 million couples worldwide. Infertility can occur as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle, such as a smoking habit. Cigarettes contain nicotine, a toxic compound that can trigger oxidative stress and eventually decrease fertility. Temulawak is a medicinal plant that is rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been used as a traditional remedy and is believed to improve fertility. We aim to study the effect of temulawak extract on the morphology, motility, and sperm counts of nicotine-induced mice. Materials & Methods: A total of 20 mice were divided into four groups (n = 5): control normal (K0); nicotine-induced (K1); and nicotine-induced treated with two different concentrations of temulawak extract, 4 mg/20 g body weight (P1) and 8 mg/20 g body weight (P2). The mice were given nicotine and temulawak for 28 days and then killed by neck dislocation. Both testes and vas deferens were collected for sperm analysis. Results: Mice treated with nicotine (K1) showed lower sperm counts (p=0.012) and motility (p<0.001) compared to mice in the control normal (K0) but had no difference in morphology. Treatment with temulawak (4 mg/20 g body weight) on nicotine-induced mice (P1) significantly increased sperm motility (p< 0.001). A double dose of temulawak extract (P2) resulted in significantly higher motility and sperm counts than in group K1. Conclusion: Temulawak treatment (8 mg/20 g body weight) on nicotine-induced mice can significantly improve motility and sperm counts.
Microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) pollution in both sea and river reduces the function of aquatic biota habitats, including habitats of fish. The usage of rivers polluted by MP as a source of water in ponds or reservoirs for growth, development, and fish cultivation can reduce crop yields will disrupt the growth and development of fish thereby reducing its production. Supplementary from the Zingiberaceae is an alternative option to reduce the impact of MP pollution in fish body. This study aims to analyze the potential of several plants in Zingiberaceae group as a source of antioxidants for fish supplement to reduce the effects of oxidants caused by MP. Thirty-six tilapia fish were divided into two groups, control and treatment group with variations in MP concentrations (0, 1, and 10 mg.kg-1) and variations of supplementary source (Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and Alpinia galanga rhizomes). The results showed that medicinal plants of Zingiberaceae group were able to increase the growth of tilapia exposed to MP. Rhizoma of Alpinia galanga gave the best effect followed by Curcuma longa and Curcuma xanthorrhiza.
Isoflavones and their glycosides were isolated from kudzu root, and formononetin-7-O-glucoside (ononin) was identified from the plant for the first time. Among isolated compounds, the antioxidant potency of 5 major compounds was determined using (1) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free-radical scavenging assay, (2) thiocyanate assay in the linoleic acid model system, and (3) lipoxygenase inhibition assay. The study indicates that 5 compounds act as free-radical scavengers and inhibit both linoleic acid peroxidation and lipoxygenase activity. The 3 different assays for determining antioxidant activity revealed that activity in one test did not necessarily correlate with activity in another test. Arachidonic acid release in the intact HL-29 cancer cell, biochanin A, showed strong inhibition of about 70%, at a concentration of 50 μ.M.
Commercially available curcumin, a bright orange-yellow color pigment of turmeric, consists of a mixture of three curcuminoids, namely, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. These were isolated by column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic studies. The purity of the curcuminoids was analyzed by an improved HPLC method. HPLC separation was performed on a C(18) column using three solvents, methanol, 2% AcOH, and acetonitrile, with detection at 425 nm. Four different commercially available varieties of turmeric, namely, Salem, Erode, Balasore, and local market samples, were analyzed to detect the percentage of these three curcuminoids. The percentages of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin as estimated using their calibration curves were found to be 1.06 +/- 0.061 to 5.65 +/- 0.040, 0.83 +/- 0.047 to 3.36 +/- 0.040, and 0.42 +/- 0.036 to 2.16 +/- 0.06, respectively, in four different samples. The total percentages of curcuminoids are 2.34 +/- 0.171 to 9.18 +/- 0.232%.